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nage 


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illustrent  la  mAthode. 


rata 
> 


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3 


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1 

2 

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1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

MANUAi.  V-v 


111    riiK 


Mosses  of  Noimi  America. 


BY 


LEO  LESaUEREUX  AND  THOMAS  P.  JAMES. 


WITH    SIX    PLATES 


ILLUSTltATlNd  Till;   flKNKltA. 


■  '\^ 


\'  \ 


Sostou: 

S.    E.    GASSING   AND   COMPANY. 

1881. 

.       LIBRARY  ■- 
00492(1  NATIONAL  MUSEUM 

,.,..;.;      .      ...,;;      OF     CANADi^^..^:^ 

••'  •..•i*  !i,'.'  ',•;•,  '"iiii* 


.  H 


Copyright, 
BY  S.  E.  C  Asm  AG  d-   CO. 

1884. 


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*  .< 


C.  J.   PETKRS  ANn  SOX. 

ELECTnOTVPERS  AND  STKREOTVPEns, 

U'>  JlKid  Strbet. 


"Mu 
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^ 


PREFACE. 


iSt- 


Ix  1848  William  S.  Sullivant  pnblislicd,  in  the  first  edition 
of  Gray's  JManual  of  liotany,  dt'scriittioiis  of  two  hunilrcd 
and  five  species  o 


f  M< 


losses  a 
second  edition  of  the  same 


nd  si\ty-^ix  of  Ilepaticie.  In  tiie 
3Ianual,  jmblislied  in  IS")*;,  four 
hundred  and  ten  species  of  Mosses  and  one  lmn<lrod  and 
seven  of  Ilepatica)  were  described  by  him,  witii  the  addition 


of  eight  tine  plates  for  the  illustration  of  the  more  imj)ortant 
genera.*  This  second  edition  becoming  soon  exhausted,  Mr. 
Sullivant,  urired  bv  tlie  friends  of  American  botanv  to  luil)- 
lish,  in  a  sei>arate  volume,  a  ^Manual  of  American  flosses, 
decided  to  begin  the  j)repnration  of  such  a  work  in  connec- 
tion with  the  present  writer,  who  had  been  since  1S48  his 
constant  assistant  in  brvological  research.  A  large  amount 
of  material  had  been  collected,  the  new  mosses  continually 
received  had  been  examined  and  descril)ed,  and  much  pre- 
])aratory  labor  had  tlius  been  done  when,  in  1H72,  my  sight 
partially  failed  me,  and  a  few  months  later  Sullivant's  noble 
career  was  closed  by  death. 

The  bryological  collections  of  Sullivant,  together  wiih  his 
library  and  his  manuscri))t  notes,  had  been  befjueathed  to  tlie 
Harvard  University  Ilerabrium,  and  at  the  suggestion  of  Prof. 

*  Separate  issues  of  both  of  tlipse  otlitinns  wore  inado  under  the  litlf  of 
"Musci  and  Ilcpaticfc  of  tlie  Xortliorn  I'nited  States,"  the  last  of  which 
reprints  (containing  some  additions)  is  the  work  cited  throughout  the  follow- 
ing pages  as  "  SuUivant's  Mosses  of  the  United  States." 


ill 


^^T^ 


pi'-' 


\^l 


I 


I ...  I 


IV 


riiEFAt'i:. 


(Iniy,  who  ardently  (loslrcd  tli:it  tlicsc  valualilc  materials  should 
l»c'  used  in  conliiiualion  of  tlie  jijan  be^uii  hy  the  donor,  it  was 
arraiiufod  that  I  siiould  uinlcrtake  the  work  in  connection  with 
Mv.  'I'homas  P.  .James,  of  ('and»ridi^e,  wlio  wonld  make  tlie 
microscopical  analyses  of  such  species  as  had  not  yet  been 
Hatisfactorily  examined,  and  j)re])aro  sketches  from  which 
Uescrijttions  could  he  drawn. 

As  lar<i^o  numbers  o**  s|iecinu'ns  and  even  whole  collections 
were  sent  to  us  fur  determination,  the  work  pi-onressed  slowly, 
but  it  was  drawin<jf  toward  completion  when  two  years  ago  31r. 
James  was  suddeidy  called  away  by  death. 

1  have  since  finished  the  descrij»tive  part  t)f  the  work,  with 
assistance  from  ]Mr.  T.  IJeriauld,  an  eminent  French  bryologist, 
in  the  examination  of  some  J/i/j^/icie  that  had  not  been  surely 
determined. 

Ujit  I  was  ])rcvented  by  acre  and  sickness  from  visitincj  Cam- 
bridge in  order  to  comjilete  at  the  library  of  the  Herbarium 
tlie  l>iblionfrnj)liical  pnrt  of  the  work-,  which  could  not  be  done 
with  the  few  books  at  my  disposal.  In  the  emergency,  having 
greatly  admired  the  manner  in  which  Mr.  Sereno  Watson  — 
not  a  professed  bryologist  —  had  elaborated  the  ^Nfosses  of  the 
Botany  of  California,  I  lu'soiight  his  assistance,  little  compre- 
hending at  the  time  the  weight  which  I  was  imposing  upon  one 
whose  time  and  cncrn-ies  were  alreadv  overtasked.  This  labor 
of  revisal,  and  the  diarge  of  the  work  in  its  ])rogress  tln'ongh  the 
press,  ]Mr.  Watson  at  length  consented  to  luiderlake,  especially 
thnnigh  regard  to  the  memory  f)f  his  friend,  my  associate,  Mr. 
James.  It  has  involved  a  large  amount  of  ci-itical  and  editorial 
laboi-,  and  I  deeply  regret  thit  I  am  ])ermitted  to  do  no  more 
than  to  acknowledge,  as  I  gratefully  do,  my  profound  obliga- 
tions to  him.  But  I  may  besj)eak  the  thanks  of  all  those  who 
are  to  use  this  volume,  which  he  has  made  much  more  valuable 
and  better  adapted  to  their  needs  than  it  would  otherwise  have 
been. 


C< 


rKKrACK. 


Tl.is  ^Manual  of  American  ^Mosses  is  IicHi-vcmI  to  iiu'liuic 
(ksc"ii|»ti(»ns  of  all  tiio  spocit's  of  innsst's  (ahoul  niiiu  huudrcil) 
that  arc  as  yt  t  known  to  occur  on  tiic  >i'orth  American  Cun- 
tinent  witiiin  llie  limits  of  the  United  States  and  northward. 
It  includes  the  results  of  the  researches  of  Sullivant  and  njyself, 
continued  until  1^7*J,  as  well  as  those  of  James,  Austin,  and 
Itau,  and  also  such  s]»ecie8  as  iiave  been  descrilied  l»y  Kurojiean 
hryologists,  Schimiter,  Mitten,  Mueller,  IIam|»e,  Lindherg,  etc. 

Leo  Lesqueukux. 

CoLUMUus,  Oiiu),  May,  1884. 


^1 


•u!^ 


.  : 


M  A  N  U  A  L 


OF  Tin: 


MOSSES  OF  XOllTII  AMKIUCA. 


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AKTIFK'IAL    AXALVSIS 


ii 


OK  TUB 


GENERA  OF  MUSSES. 


^1 


i 


ill. 


I.     ACItOCAKri.     Fruit  tonnlnal. 

A.    C'apsulo  without  a  (lociiluoiis  opiTculum. 

■  Capsuli' (I'.'liisoiui;  l)y  inc^ular  trausvcrsi'  rupture.     I'lants  very  sniail. 

H-    J. caves  nerveless.     I'rotlialliuiu  persistent. 

1.  Micromitrium.    rupsule  globose,  nearly  sessile.    Calyptra  min- 
ute, elosely  juliieriMj;. 

-.  Ephemerum.      (  apsule  ulobose-ovate.      Calyptra  ranipanulato. 
Leaves  lu-rveless,  except  in  one  species. 

*-   ■*-    Leaves  willi  a  distinct  medial  nerve.     I'rotlialliuin  none. 

3.  Ph7/'SCOinitrella.       Caulosceiit.       (apsnlu    yloljose,     apiculatc. 

Calyptra  canipaniilate. 

7.  Microbryum.     Slemlos.      Calyptra  rcachini,'  the  middle  of  tlio 

capsule,  plinil()i)ate  at  hasc,  spliitinif  on  on*;  side.     Leaves  nioro 
closely  areolat(>,  minutely  papillose  inx  the  hack. 

4.  Sphaerangiuin.    Stemless.    Capsuh?  small,  spherical,  enclosed  in 

a  cluster  of  imbricate  very  concave  or  earinate  leaves. 

T).  Phascum.     Caulescent.     Capsule  pedicellate.    Calyptra  cucullate. 

0.  Pleuridium.     Plants  larmier,  caulescent,  ramose.     Cajistilo  ovate. 
Calyptra  cucullate.     Leaves  narrower,  lanceolate-subidato. 

8.  Bruchia.      Capsule  apotihysate,  except  in  one  species.     Calyptra 

miiriforni,  lol'.ite  or  irii\;,'ii!arly  lacerate  at  base. 

9.  Archidium.     Capside  t;lol)ose,  sessile.     Caly[)tra  irregularly  torn, 

adiiering.     Spores  remarlialjly  large;  and  few. 

»  »  Capsule  dehiscing  by  four  longitudinal  slits. 

Andreaea.      Capsule  sessile  on   a  i>edicrllat(;  vai;iiude.      Plants 
brittle  and  rigiil  when  dry.     S(>(!  Order  IL  Audnanceve. 

B.    Capsule  dehiscing  by  a  deciduous  operculum. 

«  Mouth  of  the  capsule  naked. 

•*-  Capsule  sessile  on  a  pedicelhate  vaginule. 

Sphagnum.     Calyptra  iri'e',nila;ly  torn,  persistent.     Plants  soft, 
flaccid.     See  Order  L  ^Sp/iujiiacciJC. 


t'^ 


i  ! 


;  1 


'  I 


10. 


.'JS. 

48. 
40. 

31. 

51). 

CO. 
Cj. 
70. 
71. 
72. 


62. 
63. 

28. 


50. 
51. 

52. 

50. 


ANALYSIS  OF  (;i:n'k Il.\. 

■1-    ■*-    f'aiisiilo  on  !i  proper  peJiccl.     Vii;4iiuilo  sossilo. 

Asbomura.  ri.inissiiiall.  Opcirulmn  not  easily  ilctachod.  Calyp- 
tra  t'licullatf.     l-'loworis  nioiKJL-i'ioiis. 

Gymnostomum.  rianls  lai^cr.  OpiMculumloiig-bcakcil.  Calyp- 
ir.v  I'liciillau'.      riowcr.-j  diu'cioii.s. 

Anooctangium.      I'laiils  ccsplLose.      Slcius   dlfhotoinoiis,  us  in 

/'/i  lirdcKrpi, 

AnodUB.  riants  vi>ry  sliort.  Capsule  small,  obova'e.  loni^'-peiji- 
eellale.  C'aly[ilra  cucuUaLe.  i  low  era  niontreious,  williouL  paiu- 
lihy.se.s. 

Pharomitrium.  Capsule  immersed,  u'lobose.  CalypUa  obliiiie, 
pluii.obate.     Leaves  with  a  \ou'^  white  awii. 

Pottia.  Caitsiile  small,  with  a  hroad  oriliee.  Calyptra  cucullate. 
Lt'a\es  with  a  loos(;  hyaline  basilar  an'olalion. 

Hedwig'ia.  Cai)snl(^  obovate,  immersed.  Calyptra  milriform. 
I^eavo  iiyaliii''.  eiliate  at  the  apex. 

Pseudobraunia.  Capsidc  long-pedioellato,  pyriforin.  Calyptra 
nari'ow,  eiienliate. 

Amphoridium.     Capsule  striate,  urceolate.     Calyptra  cucullato. 

Encalypta  (1st  Seetion).  Caj^sule  oblong-cylindrical.  Calyi)tra 
\  "fv  long,  oylindrieal-canii>annlate. 

Calymperes.     Calyptra  twisted,  persistent,  plicate,  constricted 

at  iiasc. 

Schistostega.  Plants  ij.nall,  delicate,  frond i form.  Capsule 
small,  globular,  pedicellate.     Calyptra  mitriforni. 

Pyramidula.  (-alyptra  large,  tetragonal,  enclosing  the  capsule 
and  dcliiseent  by  lateral  slits. 

Aphanorhegma.  Capstde  globose,  nearly  sessile,  splitting  trans- 
versely in  th(>  middle  at  maturity. 

Physcomitrium.  Capsule  pedicellate,  globose  or  turbinate. 
Calyptra  five-lobate,  with  a  long  terete  straight  beak. 

«  *  Mouth  of  the  capsule  furnished  with  teeth  (peristome). 

H-  Peristome  tJngle. 

*+  Teeth  of  the  peristome  4. 

Tetraphis.    Capsule  long-pedicellate,  linear.     Calyptra  niitriforni. 

IStems  conspicuous. 

Tetrodontium.  Capstde  ovate.  Calyptra  largo,  mitriform. 
Plants  small,  nearly  stemless. 

**  -M-  Teeth  of  the  peristome  8. 

Octoblepharum.  Capsule  ovate,  pedicellate.  Leaves  thick, 
membranaceous,  of  two  or  more  layers  of  cells. 

++++++  Teeth  of  the  peristome  10.     Calyptra  mitriform. 

=  Calyptr.i  jdicate, 

Coscinodon.     Teetli  cribrose.     OpercTilum  very  large. 

Ptychomitrium.    Teeth  narrowly  linear,  deeply  bilid  to  near  the 

base. 
Glyphomitrium.     Teeth  entire.      Calyptra  lar-re,  covering  the 

capsule  to  bel(>\v-  the  base,  plicate  and  cl(>ft  at  base. 

Orthotrichum  (1st  Section).  Capsule  emerging.  Calyptra 
hairy,  cauipaimlate-mitrate.     Leaves  short,  striate  when  dry. 


AX.W/.sis  OF  GENERA. 


55.  Ulota  (. 


Capsule  lonc^or-nodirollate,  ilelliient  into  a  Ion 


comun.     C'iilyptra  y<llo\v,  liaiiv,  split  at,  base 
=  —  Calyptia  not  plicate. 


!i 


36. 

37. 

2(1 
4.-). 
46. 

47. 
60. 
67. 
69. 


Brachyodus 

IIIOI'    (M"  ii'>- 

shlc  Id  near 

Campylosteleum 


auls  very  small.  TtM'th  hyaliiic-pnnctulatc, 
)ra!t'.  Calyi)Lia  O-Iubod  at  base,  split  on  one 
lex. 

Ciipsiilc  thin,  on  a  ]nn<x  sl'Mider  jxcniciilate 


25. 
31. 
32. 


15. 

17. 

18. 
19. 
21. 
22. 

27. 


I'l'liccl.      ii-clli  eloit   to   the  niiildlf  or  lnwri'.      t'alvptra  lot 
S!d)idate. 

Conomitrium.  (alyplra  short-eon ical,  solid.  Teeth  entire  or 
laeini:iie  al  the  apex.     I'lants  lloatinj,^ 

Cincliclotus.  <'alyp;ra  si>lit  at  base  on  one  side.  Teeth  can- 
erllaie,  nuiltihd,  ni(  r\branons. 

Grimmia.  'J'eeth  laneeolate,  entire,  cribro^e  or  2-:]eIeft  at  llie 
a[iex.  Capsule  oval,  short-pediceilate.  Leaves  snioolli.  ;4eiierally 
hair-poinled. 

Racomitrium.  I'lants  of  lar^e  size.  Calyptra  subnlate.  Teeth 
2-;J-elet't  into  lilit'orni  sei;nienls. 

Dissodon.  C;i'y])tra  large,  coiistrieted  at  base.  Teeth  short  or 
1  rniieate,  bi.:eiiiin;ite. 

Tayloria.  Teeth  long,  loricate,  entire  or  bilid,  attached  below 
the  oriU'-e. 

Splachnuni.  Ciiisnle  with  large  apophysis.  Teeth  bigeininate. 
Calyi>lra  small,  eoiueal,  entire. 

++  4-K  H-i.  ++  Teetli  of  the  peristome  10.     Calyptra  cueiilliform. 

=  Leaves  two-ranked. 

Fissidens.  Leaves  frondiform.  Teeth  arli'idate,  eleft  to  tl;e 
middle  into  tv.o  nnerpial  segnuMits. 

Distichium.  Leaves  subulate.  Teeth  linear,  nearly  entire,  or 
bilid.  or  lacerate. 

Eustichia.  Leaves  imbrieate,  oarinate-comprcssed,  with  long 
llexiious  points.     Fruit  unknown. 

=  =  Leaves  spreading  every  way. 

a.  Capsule  cernuous-inelined,  tmerpial. 

Oreoweisia.  Teeth  abruptly  laneoolate-snbulate  from  an  en- 
larged base  ;  articulations  prominent.     Leaves  serrulate. 

Cynodontium.  Capsule  short-ovate;  oolhim  distinct,  regtdaror 
struuiose.  iSegments  of  the  teeth  imeqiial.  Leaves  serriilale  at, 
a]i(>x. 

Dichodontium.  Capsule -^olid:  eolhun  short.  Te^lh  large,  bi(i»l 
oi'  tiilid  to  bidow  the  middle.     Leaves  shealluTig  at  ba-e. 

Troinatodon.  Capsule  loi!':,-pedicellate,  narrowed  into  a  long 
apoiihvsi-.     Teeth  nearly  i-ntire  or  irregularl}  bifid  to  the  ba'-e. 

DicraneUa.  Plants  small.  Leaves  smooth.  s(piarrose  or  secnnd. 
Teeth  as  in  lii<-i'<(tiuiii. 

Dicranum.      Plants  large.     Teeth   regtdarly  bifid  to  the  middle. 

closely  aiiieidate.     Aroolalion  linear  at  lh<'  base,  (piadrate  and 

inllated  at  the  angles. 
Leucobryum.      Plants  soft,  yellowish,  spongy.     Leaves  without 

cost  a.     'ieeth  as  in  Dicranum. 


u--'  I 


0 


ANALYSIS  OF   GEXERA. 


U\\ 


29.  Ceratodon.  Capsule  ovatn-oblon^,  with  a  short  stnuna.  Teeth 
hilil  to  near  the  base;  st^guien'.s  narrowly  linear,  distinctly 
articiilale. 

150.  Trichodon.  Capsule  narrowly  cylindrical,  arcuate.  Segments  of 
tin;  Leeiii  stron;,dy  noilosi!  aL  the  arliciilatioiis. 

78.  Catoscopium.  C.ipstile  very  small,  ulubose,  incurved  at  the 
coiiiiiii.     'i'eclli  sliort,  iireguhir.     Calyptra  very  narrow. 

76    Conostomum.     'l\'uth  connivent  into  a  cone.     Capsule  ribbed. 

6.  Capsule  more  regidar,  slightly  curved,   somewhat  pendulous  on  an 

arcuate  pediccd. 

24.  Campylopus.  Teeth  bifid  to  the  middle.  Calyptra  fringed  at 
the  base. 

23.  Dicranodontium.  Teoih  bifid  to  the  base;  segments  narrow, 
linear.     Calyptra  not  fringed. 

c.  Capsule  erect,  oval  c>r  somewhat  pyriform. 

13.  "Weisia.     Teeth  lanceolate,  ei\tire,  truncate  or  dentate  at  the  apex. 

Cai)sule  oval,  sniooth. 

14.  Dicranoweisia.     'ieeth  longer,  lanceolate,  distinctly  articulate. 

rii'.nts  hii'ge.     JiCaves  arcuate  or  crispale. 

16.  Rhabdoweisia.     Teeth  linear-subulate,  enlarged  at  the  base. 

Cai)sule  striate. 

20.  Angstroemia.  Teeth  large,  bifid  to  the  iniddle.  Capsule  minute, 
sui)gl(jl)o.se.  very  long  pedi(;ellate.     Male  tlowers  discoid. 

34.  Seligeria.  Teeth  broad,  lanceolate,  obtuse,  densely  articulate- 
Capsule  pyriform.     Plants  very  small. 

3").  Blilldia.  Teeth  entire,  lanceolate,  acute,  perforated  or  bifid  at 
the  apex,  (,'apsule  inllated  at  tlie  collum,  obovate  or  pyriform. 
Plants  of  medium  size. 

54.  Drummondia.  Toeth  very  short,  truncate.  Capsule  globose- 
oval. 

64.  Discelium.  Teeth  lanceolate,  distantly  articulate,  cleft  betv.een 
the  articulations.  Calyptra  split  its  wliole  lengtli,  remaining  at- 
tached to  the  pedicel. 

73.  Entosthcdon.  Teeth  distantly  and  strongly  articulate,  attached 
below  tlie  orifice  of  the  pyriform  capsule, 

82.  Mielichhoferia.  Capsule  pyriform  witli  a  long  coUum,  inclined 
or  pendulous.  Teeth  narrow  from  an  enlarged  base,  strongly 
articulate.     Calyptra  very  small,  fugacious. 

d.  Capsule  erect,  oblong  or  apophysate. 

61.  Syrrhopodon.  Teeth  entire,  horizontal.  O  lerculum  subulate- 
rostrate. 

68.  Tetraplodon.  Teeth  short,  connate  by  fours  at  base.  Capsule 
witli  a  long  thick  apophysis. 

++   ++  ++  ++  ++  Teeth  of  the  ]icristonie  32. 

=  Teeth    nore  or  less  connate  their  wliole  length. 

40.  DidjTmodon.  Teeth  flat,  narrow,  linear-lanceolate,  confluent  at 
base,  dislan  v  articulate,  rarely  entire  (10),  generally  split  their 
whole  len!,'lli"(3-2). 

43.  Desmatodon.  Teeth  entire  (10)  or  cleft  to  the  base  (32);  seg- 
nviits  panill()«e,  tet  "igonal-teret.e,  either  free  or  connntc^  by  trans- 
verse piiiitit)ns;  basilar  membrane  protruding  from  t.n;  orifice. 


I  i  It  ■ 


lUtO, 

57 

late. 

58 

J  at 
>rin. 

59 

ose- 

56 

een 
at- 

ANALYSIS  OF  GENERA.  7 

==  =  Tenth  free. 

42.  Trichostomum.  Tooth  imitod  in  pairs  to  a  narrow  basilar 
lucinbraiH';  segments  equal,  liliforin,  more  or  less  fragmentary. 

41.  Leptotrichum.  Peristome  as  in  the  last;  teeth  lougcr,  more 
regular.     Leaves  long-subulate,  glossy. 

44.  Barbula.  Teeth  very  long,  from  a  more  or  les«  broad  tesscllate 
marginal  membrane,  twisted  around  the  eolumella. 

=  =  =  Teeth  large,  adhering  by  their  points  to  the  tympaiiiforra  top 

of  the  columella. 

93.  Atrichum.    Calyptra  spinulose  at  the  apex,  cueuUato. 

94.  Oligotrichum.     Calyptra  laige,  covered  with  scattered  hairs. 

95.  Psilopilum.     Teeth  long  and  slender,  some  of  them  bipartite. 

Calyptra  narrow,  solid,  smooth. 

96.  Pogonatum.      Calyptra    densely    hairy,   covering    the    capsule, 

mitrate. 

++++•«.■«•■«■*+  Teeth  of  the  peristome  04. 

97.  Polsrtrichum.     Teeth  adhering  to  the  membrane,  as  in  the  Ust 

section.     Calyptra  densely  hairy. 

■*-  -1-  Peristome  double:  its  teeth  16. 

•w-  Capsule  symmetrical,  erect.     Inner  peristome  of  8  or  10  cilia. 

Macromitrium.  Teeth  lanceolate;  inner  membrane  cleft  or 
truncate.     Calyptra  campanulate,  plicate. 

Schlotheimia.  Teeth  revolute,  fleshy;  inner  peristome  rudi- 
mentary fiom  a  colored  membrane.  Calyptra  campanulate,  not 
plicate. 

Encalypta  (3d  Section).  Teeth  filiform;  cilia  similar  to  the 
teeth.  Calyptra  very  long,  cylindrical  or  campanulate,  not  pli- 
cate. 

Orthotrichum  (2d  Section).  Teeth  8,  bigeminate,  or  10,  gemi- 
nate; cilia  filiform.  Calyptra  campanulate-mitrate,  plicate, 
smooth  or  hairy. 

55.  Ulota.  Peristome  as  in  Orfhotrichwi,  Calyptra  yellow,  hairy, 
deeply  split  at  the  base,  obscurely  plicate. 

♦*  **  Capsule  unsymmctrical,  inclined  to  one  side,  oblique  or  pendulous. 

=  Inner  peristome  a  plaited  cone. 

98.  Diphyscium.     Capsule  gibbous,  ovate,   sessile.     Plants  small, 

nearly  stemless. 

99.  Buxbaumia.    Capsule  gibbous-ovate  on  one  side,  flat  to  convex 

on  the  other,  short-pedicellate. 

=  =  Inner  peristome  a  membrane  cut  into  10  sogmonts;  these  some- 
times separated  by  cilia.     Calyptra  cueuUate. 

74.  Punaria.  Capsule  short-pyriform,  curved  in  the  upper  part. 
Teeth  obliquely  curved;  segments  of  the  membrane  entire  or 
rudimentary. 

83.  Leptobryum.     Capsule  pyriform,  erect  or  pendii'.,""      Segments 

of  the  membrane  separated  by  two  appendiculate  cilia.     Leaves 
narrowly  lanceolate. 

84.  Webera.     Capsule  long-pedicellate,  cernuous  or  horizontal:  cilia 

none,  rudimentary  or  perfect,  not  appendienlate.     Leaves  lanceo- 
late, glossy;  areolatiou  narrowly  rhomboidal;  coata  slender. 


8 


ANALY.SLS   OK   GKNEIIA. 


85.  Bryum.  Cip'^ulo  solid,  pyiiform.  Tnnor  poii-stoinr"  more  pcr- 
fcci.     Leaves  broader,  willi  broiulor  areolation  ami  stroiin  (;osta. 

80.  Zieria.  Capsule  wilh  a  loncj  colhnii  (Icllucnt  into  a  .slioit  ^ciiicii- 
lale  pedicel.  Teeth  remotely  ait  ieiilate;  sognients  ikutow;  cilia 
rudimentary.     Leaves  soft,  greenish. 

87.  Mnium.     ("aiisule  oblon;;.  horizontal  or  pondnlons.     J'tiistome  as 

in   lir:rnii,  larger.     Male  llouers  discoid.     Leaves  larije,  uith  a 
very  broad  aroolation. 

88.  Cynclidium.      Teeth   short,  adhorlnc;  to  the  loncjer  cnpnliforra 

reticiiial(i  membrane,  which  is  pierced  al  Liu;  top  by  the  c(dnmella. 

89.  Rhizogonium.      Capsule  lonj;,  obconical.  arcuate,     reristomo  of 

Jiri/iiiii.     J.eaves  solid.  Ion;;,  narrowly  lanceolat*;. 

90.  Leptotheca.      Capsule    erect,  cylindrical.      Teeth    Ion?,  linear^ 

lanceolate.      Inner  membrane  short    and  entire,  or  longer  and 
cut  into  sei^ments  without  cilia. 

79.  Amblyodoil.     Teeth  shorter  than  the  segnionts,  obtuse.      Cap- 

sule cernuous,  with  a  lonuj  collum.     Leaves  very  loosely  arcolate. 

80.  Meesia.    Capsule  and  peristome  as  in  the  last.     Areolation  of  the 

leaves  sniali,  rectangular. 

8L  Paludella.     Peristome  of  Webrra.     Leaves  squarrose. 

91.  Aulaccmilium.     Capsule  inclined,  oblong-ovate  with  a  distinct 

coliuni,  ril'l-  ■  '  when  dry.     Teeth  linear-subulate  above. 

75.  Bartramia.  ' ".  psule  nearly  spherical,  erect  or  inclined,  ribbed 
when  dry.  Peristome  donble  (simjile  in  on(!  species,  rudimentary 
in  anoiiier);  segmeius  shorter  than  the  teeth,  split  into  two 
diverging  parts;  cilia  noiui  or  scarcely  visiblt?. 

77.  Philonotis.  Ca-psule  globose,  inclined.  Segments  separated  by 
donlile  cilia.     I'lants  stronger. 

92.  Timmia.     Capside  oblong-ovate,  plicate-striate  when  dry.     Inner 

membrane  divided  at  tlie  middle  into  lilil'orm  appcndiculaie  seg- 
ments, united  by  fours  at  the  apex. 

II.     CLADOCAPvPI,     Fruit  terininal  on  short  lateral  branches.     Peris- 
tome double,  the  outer  of  10  teeth, 

100.  Pontinalis.     Teeth  linear;  inner  peristome  of  10  cilia,  connected 

by  cross-lxirs  or  latticed,     Calyptra  conical,  entire  or  cucullate, 

101.  Dichelyma.     Cilia  of  the  inner  ]ieristome  free  or  append ieulate, 

latticed  only  at  the  upper  part.     Calyptra  cucullaic.     Leaves  long 
and  narrow. 

102.  Cryphsea.    Teeth  long;  inner  peristome  of  IG  free  subulate  cilia, 

shorter  than  the  teeth. 


ii  "I 


in.     PLEUROCARPI.      Fruit    lateral    upon    the  stems    or  branches; 
llowers  in  the  axils  of  the  leaves. 

•  Calyptra  cuculliform.     Capsule  ovate-oblong  or  cylindrical,  erect  or 

slightly  inclined. 

•»-  Peristome  simple;  teeth  IC. 

114.  Fabronia.  Teeth  rcgalar  or  bigeminate  (absent  in  one  species). 
I'iants  very  small  and  delicate.  Leaves  ciliate  on  tlio  borders, 
rarely  entire. 

116.  Habrodon.  Teeth  linear-lanceolate,  attached  fa  below  the 
orilice  of  the  capsule.     Plants  very  small.     Leaves  squarrose. 


115. 
122. 


ANALYSIS   CF   CSLllX. 


9 


tlic 


117.  Clasmatcdon.     IVotli  irn^o^Mhr.  twico  or  thripo  dividiMl 

huso.     Caipsulo  coiistriott.'il  uii'lcf  tli(>  orifico.     I'hints  very  small. 

t-   +-  Pc'i'isI''        cloiihlo,  tli(^  outor  of  K!  ti  I'tli.  the  iniior  of  10  segiiuints, 

Nsilh  or  witiKnit  cilia. 

*-*  Lravci  iia;iillo.se. 

118.  Thelia.     Tooth  liiipar-laiK-oolato,  subulate;  scjjmcnts  sliorlcr  lliaii 

tiie  teeth;  cilia  iiuliuiciUaiy. 

119.  Myurella.     Peristome  perfect ;  cilia  1  or  2,  thick,  shorter  than  the 

Si'UlIU'UlS. 

120.  Leskea.      Teeth  narrowly  lau.-colate;    sestnonts  iianow,  linear; 

cilia  none.     Capsule  oi)lunu^  crccl  or  somewhat  arcuate. 

121.  Aliomodon.     Teeth  pale.  linear  laneeolali';  ,s(imu(!its  very  short; 

cilia  none.     Cap.^ule  oblong  or  cylindrical.     I'lanls  large. 

•M-  *-<■  Leaves  not  papillose,  eomplanate. 

105.  Neckera.  Teeth  long,  linear-lanceolate;  segments  short,  lili- 
tonn.     Leaves  more  or  le.ss  undnlate. 

100.  Homalia.      Segments  long*  .    than  the  teeth;  cilia  single,  short. 

Leaves  disli;  iious. 

125.  Cylindrothecium.  Teeth  attached  far  below  the  oridee  of  the 
capsule;  segments  narrow,  carinate  (abortive  in  one  species). 
Leaves  smooth. 

++++++  liCaves  not  papillose  nor  eomplanate. 

=  Inner  peristome  a  membrane  a  lliering  to  the  teeth. 

108.  Leucodon.      Teeth    lar^i",    (bin.    giaiudose,    distantly   articulate. 

rerieluetium  very  huig.     Calyptra  smooth. 

103.  Leptodon.  Teeih  distantly  arlieulate,  hyaline-lionlered.  I'eri- 
cliietiuni  very  long.     Calyptra  hairy. 

12.J.  Pylaisia.  Teeth  densely  articulate;  segments  long,  partly  adhering 
to  the  teeth.     Calyjilra  smooth, 

=  =  Inner  peristome  free,  divided  to  near  tlie  base  into  10  segments, 

101.  Alsia.     Teeth  and  carinate  segments  long,  linear-lanceolate,  with 

or  without  cilia.    Calyptra  smooth.    Secondary  stems  di-ndrc  id. 

107.  Meteorium.  Teeth  and  carinate  sei:incnts  short.  Capsule  small, 
oval.     I'lants  long,  slender,  ]ienilulous. 

109.  Pterigynandrum.      Teeth  short,  distantly  articulate;  se-zments 

very  "short;  cilia  none,     Calyptra  smooth.     Leaves  slightly  papil- 
lose on  the  back. 

110.  Pterog-onium.     Teeth  lono:  and  closely  articulate;  segments  very 

short.     Calyptra  siiarinuly  hairy. 

111.  Antitrichia.      Teeth    narrowly    lanceolate,    subulate;    segments 

linear,  a  little  shorter  than  the  teeih.     I'ericluelium  long. 

12G.  Climacium.  T(>eth  confluent  above  the  orifice  of  tin;  cajisule; 
seamen's  as  lonu'  as  the  teeth,  cleft  along  the  keel,  (  alyjitra 
lon^r.  slender,  embracing  the  base  of  the  capsule.  Kamilieation 
dendroid. 

115.  AuacamDtodon.  Teeth  lanceolate,  reflexed  v,l\en  dry;  seg- 
ments filiform,  like  the  cilia  in  Oytlititrirhinu. 

122.  Platy3"yriuro..      Teeth  free  to  below  the  oijlice  of  the  capsule, 

broadly  marginal;  seijments  narrow,  liueai-,  as  long  as  the  teeth. 
Calyptra  long,  dimidiate,  twisted  around  the  c  vpsule. 


if 


(jf : 


•t 


'm 


•    i 

!   M 

^  i'i 

■■'i 

■  i 

''1 

m 

i 

-■  ■ ''  b! 

1: 

10 


ANALYSIS  OF  fJEXERA. 


124.  Homalothecium.  Toolh  rlosoly  artimlato,  liyaline-borflpred; 
s<'i,'iiit'iits  tree,  short,  linrar-Iaiiccolato,  or  loti5j;or  and  adlioriii^  to 
tlu;  toclh.     Calyptra  luiiry.     Capsule  slightly  curmious  or  oroct. 

127.  Orthothecium.     Capsiih;  orrrt  or  siibiiirllufd.     Ttclli   hyaline 

on  tin-  Miai'^dii;  scgiutints  liuiiar,  as  long  as  the  tcoLli;  (.ilia  short 
or  none.     Leaves  not  costate. 

=  =  Inner  peristome  divided  nearly  to  the  middle  into  10  segments; 

cilia  2  or  3. 

128.  Hypnum.     Capsnle  cernuous,  arcuate  or  horizontal,  rarely  erect. 

Peristome  perfect;  cilia  articulate  or  appendiculate. 

m  ♦  Calyptra  mitriform.     Capsule  exserted,  horizontally  inclined. 

112.  Hookeria.     Teeth  lanceolate;    segments  lincar-lanccolatc;   cilia 

none.     Ijoavo  j  bicostatc.     I'lants  small. 

113.  Pterigophyllum.      Peristome   as    in    the   last.      Plants    large. 

Leaves  large,  entire,  ecostate ;  areolation  very  loose. 


n 


Sof 


''% 


ma:n^ual 


\m\ 


OP 


NORTH  AMERICAN  MOSSES. 


Order  I.  SPIIAGXACE.E.     Peat  Mosses. 

Soft  and  flaccid  caulescent  Mosses,  generally  of  large  size, 
growing  in  more  or  less  compact  tufts  or  patches  on  the  surface 
of  bog",  or  tloating  in  stagnant  water,  more  rarely  on  the  bor- 
ders of  mountain  rivulets,  whitish,  yellowish,  sometimes  red 
or  olive-colored,  perennial  by  the  annual  prolongation  of  the 
stems  or  by  simple  innovations  at  the  apex.  Stems  mostly  un- 
divided and  bearing  coj)ious  lateral  branches,  composed  of  a 
triple  cellular  tissue,  the  outer  (cortex)  of  large  loose  cells,  the 
intermediate  woody,  the  central  parenchymatose  or  me<lullary. 
Branches  partly  spreading,  i)art]y  dellexed  and  a])pressed  to  the 
stem,  in  lateral  fascicles  of  2  to  7,  rarely  more,  those  at  the 
summit  of  the  stem  capitate,  the  fascicles  gradually  more  dis- 
tant do '.vn ward.  Leaves  nerveless,  translucent,  formed  of  a 
single  layer  of  two  kinds  of  cells;  1st,  large  colorless  and  hya- 
line ones  (titricks),  generally  perforated  by  pores  and  lined 
with  spiral  or  circular  filaments  (Jil/ju'ls),  hence  fibrillose  and 
porrse  ;  2d,  smaller  chlorophyllose  ones  (ducts),  narrowly  linear, 
continuous,  forming  a  net  of  rhomboidal  or  hexagonal  meshes 
around  the  utricles:  stem-leaves  distant,  obliquely  inserted, 
erect  or  deflexed,  flat  or  concave,  ovate,  obovate,  or  li'.iguiform, 
generally  obtuse,  loosely  areolate,  their  utricles  often  destitute 
of  fibrils  and  of  pores;  branch-leaves  smaller,  imbi-icated  and 


itli 


■,\ 


f 


^? 


if 


'» 


m 


w- 


i-yyt 


)4 

» -ft 


Ail 


12 


SniACiNACEvE. 


[yphajnuin. 


«0-rnnk((l,  round,  ovate,  or  lincc.iintc,  very  ('(iiicnvc  or  even  con- 

voliitc.     Iiinorcscciicc   moiuL'c'ioiis  or   dia'cioiis.     Male   lldWfr.s 

(((iit/i(  n't/id)  liorno  upon  olavatc  and  callviii-likc  j^('mrallycoli»ri'd 

Itraiichcs,  sclilary  al    the  side    of  eiicli  leal',  nlobose  or  ovoi<1, 

jtedieellate.     l-'einale  flowers   (((t'c/wf/o/u'ft)  genei'aily  '-l  or  4,  at 

first  sessile  in  a  biid-like  involucre;  terrninatiiijj^  a  short  l>ran;'h, 

one  oidy  [lerfectliiL;'  fruit   and  forming  a  caiisiilc,  whieli  is  at 

length    raise<l   uiiou  a  kind  of  jiedicel  {j)seud()podhiiii),  formed 

by  the  gradual  elongation  of  the  basi'  {ruf/inult)  and  i'o\  cred 

by  larg"  jieriehii'tial  lea\'es.     Capsule  globose,  opereulate  with  ;i 

convex  or  nearly  Hat  lid,  the  orifice  naked  (without  pei'istome 

or  annulus).     Calvtitra  irre'j:ularlv  lacerate  and  a<lherin</  to  the 

vaginule.     Spores  of  two  kinds,  tctrahedral  macrosporrs^  and 

polyhedral   iiilo'osjxjns,    the    latter   many    tinu's   the    smaller. 

On  germination  the  macrospores  first  i)roduce  a  thin  ])rotlial- 

lium,  either  filamentose  in  water  or  e\|)an(led  in  a  kind  of  net 

woi'k   upon  the  groutul,  uj>on  which  leaf-buds  arc  afterwards 

formed. 

Like  the  Andrcccncea:,  tlio  Si)Jiarniarea'  diffor  niiicli  from  the  truo 
Mossos.  In  their  modo  of  gornnnation,  tlio  first  ovulft ion  of  tlio  plant, 
and  tlic  form  of  tlio  anlhoridiji,  tii(>y  are  rcliitrd  to  the  caulescent  II( iiotlcce. 
The  structure  of  Iho  stem,  tlie  imperfect  calyptra,  the  organization  of  tlic 
capsule,  and  the  two  kinds  of  spores  are  witliouL  analogy  among  either 
tin;  truo  Mosses  or  the  Iltpatlav.  The  Order  consists  of  only  the  follow- 
ing genus.  For  more  d(-tailed  descriptions  and  full  synonymy  reference 
may  he  made  to  fSchimper's  Torfmooxc,  Braitlnvaite's  SplicKjnucea'  or 
Pe<tl-Mosscti  of  Knt-ope  and  North  Ameyica,  Lindhcrg's  Eiiropas  ock 
Nord  Amcrikas  lJvitinosf<or,  and  IIusnoL's  iiphajiwlujla  Earopcea. 

1.   SPHAGNUM,  Dill.      (PI.   I.) 
Character  that  of  the  Order. 

§  1.  Acuta.  Jininch-ledrcs  cny-t:  di(cts  form h)f/  part  of  tfie 
concave  vppcr  surface^  trhiwjidar  in  cross-serd'ort,  f/te  por- 
tion included  hetirecn  the  utricles  bcinr/  vcdf/eform^  the 
free  surface  convex:  stemdeaves  htrffe^  bordered  hi/  lurrroir 
and  Jfexuous  In/aline  cells;  their  utricles  rardj  fbrillo^ie^ 
tnosthj  empty. 


Sphn\ 

1. 

eralll 
desli 
one  (| 

or  M 

sleml 

ravel 

lancl 

gin  el 

dintl 

eap^- 


Sphnrjnnrn. 


1 


sriiAciNAci:.^.. 


18 


1.  S.  acutifollum,  I^hrli.  IMomi't-ions,  ii;roon  or  jnoro  ufon- 
crally  juirjilisli  ;  cortica!  zoiu?  of  the  striiis  a  tii]>le  layer  oi'  cclLs 
tk'stituto  o\'  jmjH's  ;  i»raiu'lu'.s  in  fascicles  of  'A  to  ">,  siii'catiing, 
one  or  two  of  thciii  i)C'iiik'iit:  stcin-lcavcs  ovate  or  lin^iilati',  eroso 
or  iK'utato  at  the  apex,  erect,  tlie  cells  neai'  the  ajicx  with  a  fe\v 
slender  iihrils  or  n'uic,  rarely  |iorosi';  hranch-K'aves  <lee|ily  iH)ri- 
cave,  (nate-lanceolale,  taj)eriiin-  to  a  truncate  jioint,  the  n]i|»er 
lanceolate  and  subulate,  all  hhrillose,  jiorose,  and  nari'owly  niar- 
<i'ined  ;  pericluetial  leaves  olilonii",  <i,'radually  acuminate,  .-inuosu- 
deiitate  at  the  rt'curved  aj)e.\,  the  cells  ii-regular  and  emitty: 
eapsuu  l<»u!j,-]iedicellate  :  s|)ores  feri'uuinous  male  anuaits  ti'eu- 
erally  red.  —  IM.  Crypt.  Exsic.  n.  7-J ;  Schimp.  Tdrfm. ;')('»,  t.  i;{ ; 
J?raith\v.  Sj)ha<^.  {J(j,  t.  I'^-'JU.  S.  )iij)i<>rc>uii^  Scop.;  Lindberg, 
S])hag.  52.     *S'.  capilUjoIiitm,  Iledw.,  in  part. 

Var.  purpureum,  Schimp.  Plants  pur})le  ;  the  caj)ituluni 
dense,  subspherical  :  stenideaves  iibrillose, 

Var.  fuscum,  Schimp.  Plants  rust-color,  in  very  compact 
tufts;  l)ranclios  closely  incurved,  pale  at  the  apex. 

IIaij.  Very  common,  in  open  or  .sli:ul(.'d  l)o^^s,  in  valleys  or  on  moun- 
tains. 

Many  other  variolies  could  bo  described:  var.  ronfcrtuni,  Intrrniedinnif 
and  robiistnni,  Austin;  jxitulnni  and  dcjlexinn,  .Schimper;  (/uuxiuc/tiriiDn, 
Lindl). ;  drgans,  IJraitliw.,  etc.;  tlie  plants  dill'ering  gonoruliy  lo  some  ox- 
tent  in  tlieir  aspect  tiocording  tollieir  special  liabitat. 

2.  S.  rubellum,  Wils.     Very  much  like  the  last,  from  which 

it  differs  in  It.^  dicccious  inllorescence,  more  slender  and  very 

soft  stems,  shorter  and  more  obtuse   oval-oblont^  branch-leaves 

3-toothed  at  apex,  and  broad  ol)tuse  stem-leaves  with  utricles 

bipartite    and    sometimes    Iibrillose.  —  Bryol.   Brit.   10,   t.   GO; 

Schimp.   Torfm.   70,   t.   20.       /S.   acutlj'ulimn^   var.   ruheUnm^ 

l^iiss. ;    Braitlnv.  Si)hag.  (50,  t.  19. 

IIab.  New  Brunswiclc  (Fowler).  Rare  or  rarely  observed  in  this 
country. 

3.  S.  Strictum,  Lindb.  Dia?cious,  robust,  yellowish-iLfreen  ; 
stems  lont>:,  solid,  with  3  or  4  cortical  layers  of  ])orose  cells ; 
branches  3  to  5,  curA'cd  and  deflexed,  two  of  them  ].Mident: 
stem-leaves  lari^e,  erect,  lins^ulatc-spatulate,  erose-laciniate  at  the 
truncate  apex,  broadly  mari>-ined  and  slightly  a])j)endiculate  at 
base,  with  em])ty  cells;  brandi-leaves  erect-sjireading,  ovate- 
hmceolate,  subulate  at  the  top  of  the  branches;  cells  closely 
Iibrillose,  wdth  numcous  pores  ;   pericluetial   leaves   oblong  or 


1:1 


i 


iii 


w 


I 


'f  f  r 


P 


i 


III  - 


t   .1 

i. 


14 


srnA(;N.u  K.E. 


Spfidi/num. 


oval,  ('Mi:iri;lnato  at  tlic  oLtiisc  apex,  the  utrirlos  empty  :  male 
uinc'iits  vc'llowisli-brown : — ()l'v.  K.  N'.t.  Ak.  I"'(»rli.  xi\.  \''\^. 
ami  Sjiliau'.  4l> ;  I»rai(li\v.  Spliai;.  (14,  t.  17.  A.  (j'ir^/enno/inii, 
JiUss. ;    Siilliv.  Ic(»ii.  .Muse.  Siippl.   14,  t.  ;'). 

Var.  squarrosulum,  Kuss.  I'lanls  Kinall  :  luaiich-loavea 
recurved  at  llie  apex. 

llAii.  In  swiinips  ami  boc;s,  Xow  .Ifrsey  and  Canada;  tlic  variety  at 
Litll(!  Falls,  N(!\v  .ItTsey  {Aitsliu).  A  larj^e  form  (var.  major)  Ls  fouru! 
in  Ww  Wliito  Monntains,  New  llanipsliire. 

4.  S.  flmbriatum,  Wils.     Closely  allied  to  the  last,  differ- 

iiit;  ill  its  iilaueous-i^reeii  color,  the  cortical  cells  in  '1  or  JJ  layers, 

distinctly  jtorose,  the   much  larix<'r  stem-leaves  ovate-spatulate 

and  fimhri.ite  at  tlu'  upper  border  or  from  the  middle,  and  tlu^ 

])ericha'tial  leaves  much  larijer  and  with  a  closer  areolation. — 

Bryol.   Brit.  21,  t.  00;    Sciiiinp.  Torfm.  59,  t.  15;    Braithw. 

Si)iiaij.  (>;{,  t.  10;  Lindb.  Sphai;.  47. 

Ham.  In  swamps  of  tlio  Palisades,  Now  Jersey  ( ]Vli'Ue)\  in  the  Sierra 
Nevada,  California,  at  ll,(K)0  feet  altitude  (ISrewcr). 

§  2.  Ci'siMDATA.  J>ranc/i-h(ircs  lo/if/er  and  iiarrofi^er,  erect- 
spreadiiKj,  iiiultdate  on  the  indrffin  v/icn  dri/ :  ducts  with 
the  broad  base  e.rposed  upon  the  back  of  the  leaf  ooieate 
between  the  utricles:  stem-leaves  small:  cortical  cells  not 
porose. 

5.  S.  CUSpidatum,  Ehrh.  Dicccious,  generally  long  and 
Blender,  iloatiiig  in  loose  tufts,  greenish  :  stems  iiliform;  cortical 
cells  largo,  in  2  (rarely  3)  layers  ;  branches  in  fascicles  of  3  to 
5,  spreading  or  pendent,  cuspidate  by  the  convolute  terminal 
leaves  :  stem-leaves  triangular,  2-3-toothed  at  the  ajjcx,  broadly 
margined  ;  cells  of  the  lower  part  long  and  narrow,  the  uj)per 
vermicular,  fibrillose,  not  porose  ;  branch-loaves  loose,  lan(!Oolate- 
acuminato,  deeply  concave,  denticulate  at  the  apex,  subulate 
toward  the  end  of  the  branches ;  porichfetial  leaves  distant, 
broadly  ovate,  truncate  or  obtuse  at  the  apex,  more  or  less 
fibrillose :  capsides  small,  mostly  long-pedieellate,  scattered 
along  the  stem :  spores  light-brown.  —  PI.  Crypt,  n.  251  ; 
Schimp.  Torfm.  t.  16;  Braithw.  Sphag.  82,  t.  20,  27;  Lindb. 
Sphag.  02;  Sidliv.  Icon.  ]\[usc.  Supj)!.  11,  t.  2  (S.  laricinwn, 
Aust.  Muse.  Appalach.  n.  31). 

Var.  Torreyanum.  Very  robust ;  branches  in  fascicles  of 
4  or  5,  very  long,  flat,  linear-lanceolate  :  leaves  long-lanceolate, 


ill! 


fl 


Spharjnum.] 


SI'IIACJVA^K.E. 


\i 


Bi»rc'M(liii;jf,  Ijroadly  marijiiUMl,  oroso-doiitate  at  the  apex. — 
)S.  Torrt  1/(111  (nn^  Sulliv.  Mi-rn.  Amcr,  Acad.  iv.  174,  and  Mosses 
of  U.  States,  13.  )S,  CHspidaluni^  var.  Torreyi^  IJraithw.,  in 
part. 

Viir.  falcatum,  Kuss.  Ijiaiuhcs  distinctly  falcate  at  the 
apex.  —  Ileitr.  Tortni.  al). 

Var.  plumosum,  Scliinip.  Tufts  soft,  compact;  stems 
short  and  hi'anc  lies  erect  ;  leaves  lanceolate-subulate.  —  A',  laxi- 
/vlitii/i,  .Mnell.  Syn.  i.  U7. 

^'ar.  plumulosum,  Schimp.  Soft,  as  in  the  last ;  leaves 
shorter,  very  narrow. 

Var.  serratum.  Stemdeaves  broadly  maryined;  upper 
branch-leaves  serrate  from  the  middle,  those  of  the  comal 
branches  from  the  base.  —  *S'.  serratum^  Aust.  Bull.  Torr.  Club, 
vi.  14;'). 

Var.  hypnoides,  Schimp.  Stems  in  short  dense  tufts,  with- 
out braiulics  ;  leaves  lanceolate,  tubular,  haniate-secund.  —  aS'. 
hi/piioidcys,  IJraun. 

II An.  Ponds,  and  borders  of  streams  flowing  from  bo;;s;  not  niro. 
Var.  T<)rrc!/((nitiii,  in  bogs  at  tlieSoutli;  \a.rs.  plniiionnin  and  iiIiiiiikIosiiiu 
on  alpine  rivulets;  var.  scrrattiin,  at  St.  Augustine,  Florida  (,/.  Donncll 
Smith). 

C.  S.  intermedium,  IToffm.  Closely  allied  to  the  preced- 
ing. Stems  and  retlexed  branches  thicker;  cortical  cells  small, 
in  2  or  3  layers :  stemdeaves  siiorter,  broader,  trianj^ular ; 
branch-leaves  broader,  recurved  at  the  aj)ex  ;  the  i)ericluL'tl  d 
closely  imbricated:  capsules  on  the  tufted  branches.  —  Brnithw. 
Sphag.  7H,  t.  24,  25.  S.  i'ecurvicm,  Beauv. ;  Brid.  Bryol.  Univ. 
i.  13 ;  Schimp.  Torfm.  1. 16.  /S.  cuspidatum^  var.  liauei,  Aust. ; 
Rau  &  Ilarv.  Cat.  49. 

IIau.     With  the  preceding. 

7.  S.  Lindbergii,  Schimp,      Monoecious,  robust,  oroenish- 

brown  :  cortical  cells  in  3  or  4  layers,  unequal,  without  librlls  or 

pores  :  stem-leaves  reflexed,  close,  broadly  lingidate,  (imbi  late  at 

the  apex  ;  branch-leaves  ovate  or  obloni^-lanceolate,  dentate  at 

the  apex,  shining,  broadly  margined  downward,  with  numerous 

small  ]»orcs  in  the  upper  part :  caj)snle  on  a  thick  pedicel,  urceo- 

late  Mdien  dry:  spores  yellow.  —  Torfm.  t.  25;  Braithw.  Sphag. 

77,  t.  23  ;  Lindb.  Sphag.  CO. 

IIab.  Wet  sloping  rocks  of  White  Face  Mountain,  New  York  (C.  IT. 
Peck);  very  rare. 


:# 


i  {.'9 


IF 

i  m 


if 


f  ■ 


16 


SlMIA(JNACi:/K. 


[SiiliUfjnwn. 


§  .T.  Siit'.MM'.oRA.  Pliintu  atoHt:  hr<t)icU-li'.<iiu:8  ti'j"'irrii.st  j'roin 
tin:  }iiiil(llv :  ilnct.i  iii'iflnl,  orn/,  iH/f'lfxf  nii'l  jha  on  hoth 
shfex^  or  fori  I'ld  1)1/  t/ir  hitr-li'i'ti  of  the  utn'v/i.i  on  the  ujiper 
Hiit'J'iiK  of  (hi  hni'm:  cortical  cells  not  p  iro.^i:. 

H.  S.  SquarrOSura,  l*«is.  Moimrious,  loosely  ami  broa.Ily 
c('S|iitos(',  MiiiNli-^i'ccii  :  hlciiis  s(»lit|,  ri'^'nl,  siiii|il('  or  loikini^, 
\\\{\\  small  cortical  crjjs  in  two  layers;  hraiiclics  iti  lasciclcs 
of  .'{  to  (5:  stcm-Icavcs  sol't,  s|>rca<Hi)i^  <»!•  rcllcxcil,  liifiniiorin, 
roiimltMl  and  limltriatc  at  llic  a|ic\',  tlic  iiti'iclcs  w  itlndil  lH/ii's  or 
pores;  ]»raticli-leavcs  oliloic^-iaiiceolate,  -l-tnotlu-d  at  tlio  apex, 
liroailly  mariiincd  l)y  'J  or  ;»  rows  of  narrow  cells,  the  iitriclcH 
lihrillose  and  witii  some  larine  pores  on  the  Itordei's;  perii-lia'tial 
leaves  very  broad,  snltrevoiute,  thin,  rounded  at  the  apex: 
{•apsides  numerous  at  and  near  the  capitate  apex,  lar^e,  ylohoso: 
spores  yellow.  —  Schimp.  Torfni.  t.  17;  Jlrailhw.  Sj>hag.  51), 
t.  14;  IJndl).  S|)lia.u-.  Vl. 

Var.  squarrosulum,  Schimp.  Plants  i)ale,  with  slender 
stems:  leaves  scarcely  half  as  lari;e  as  in  the  normal  form:  fruit 
unknown.  —  'J'orfm.  71.  *S'.  S'/uarro.sitluiii,  ]A'S(p  ^lem.  Calif. 
Acad.  i.  ;{. 

lI.Mi.  Hoirgy  places  in  woods;  not  raro.  Tlic  varU'ty  in  op<'n  inoim- 
tain  Ixiijs;  on  Lassen's  Peak,  Califoiiiia,  at  aboul  ij,(JUO  feot  altilude, 
forniin;;  by  itself  largo  bogs  (  IT.  7/.  Itrcim'). 

0.  S.  teres,  AnLjstroem.  Dia-cious,  loosely  cospitoso,  yellow- 
ish Itrown;  nude  plants  in  separate  tufts,  more  slender  than  the 
female,  with  suhnlobose  heads  conijiosed  mostly  of  shoit  ilower- 
bearinjj^  branches :  stems  solid,  with  2  to  4  cortical  layers  of  nn- 
C([m\l  cells:  stem-leaves  laruje,  oblonu;-ovate,  rounded  at  the 
erose  a])ex,  the  utricles  emj>ty;  brauchdeaves  closely  ind»ricate, 
ovate,  abrujjtly  short-acuminate,  recurved  at  the  obscurely  den- 
tate apex,  the  utricles  librillose  and  porose;  ])ericluctial  leaves 
large,  concave  or  subrevolute,  erose  at  the  rounded  aj)ex :  cap- 
sule icnninal,  globose.  —  Sidliv.  Icon.  Muse.  Suj)pl.  13,  t.  4; 
Schimj*.  Syn.  '2  ed.,  S."}!!.  ,S.  sqiKirrosiDu,  var.  teres,  Schimp. 
Torfm.  04;  Braithw,  Splias?.  62,  t.  15. 
Had.     Marshes  in  Soutliern  New  Jersey  (An!itln)\  rare. 

10.  S.  Wulflanum,  Girgens.  Monircious,  largo,  rigid, 
brownish-green,  the  a])ex  variegated  green  and  red  ;  stems  dark- 
brown  ;  cortical  cells  small,  in  2  layers;  branches  7  to  14,  half 
of  them  subarcuate  or  horizontal,  tumescent,  the  rest  slender, 


Sphdfjnum.] 


»Vl\\C,S\CKM. 


r 


filifi)rtii,  and  pornloiit:  Htcrn-loavcs  sin.ull,  roflcxiil,  cMiliiri^ctl  at 
the  base,  Iiii<;iilato,  ol)tuso,  nearly  fiitiic,  the  iitricKs  «iii|»ty; 
braiK'li-lcavc's  small,  ovati'-lanccolat*',  dentate  at  the  (niiwalo 
apex,  the  upper  hmeeohite-suhiilate  and  narrowly  margined,  tho 
utricles  tihrillose  and  porose :  pericli:elial  h'uves  l)i-<)adly  oliluin;, 
obtusely  poitjted,  with  empty  utricles:  male  aments  short,  capi- 
tate, on  pMi'ple  hranchlets:  capsules  «'merLjini;  from  the  tiit't, 
fjlohose.  —  Sulliv.  Icon.  Muse.  Suppl.  \x,  t.  l> ;  llraithw.  Sidia^j. 
";"),  t.  2'J:  Lindh.  Sphaix.  •>"•  '^'.  pif<'nocUulinn^  Aii'-T^tr. 
II.Mi.     Canaila  [Mni-onn,  Fowler);  New  York  {IIowc,  Vf'k,  Austin). 

§  4.  ]Moi,r,r.\.  Plants  short,  closehj  cespifosc,  verij  snft  ir/ten 
moistened,  brittle  ic/ien.  dri/ :  ston-lnares  nari'oirli/  umr' 
gined ;  brdin-h-lenrcs  short:  ducts  ?ie(n'  the  ronnce  sur- 
face (except  in  n.  14),  stdtcuneate  irith  the  broader  ait'/JreCf 
or  entireli/  surrounded  by  the  vtridcs. 

11.  S.  ri^idum,  Schimp.  ^lonfrcious,  densely  oPR])itoso, 
ricjid,  jjlaucous-ixreen  above,  whitish  below,  the  small  cortical 
cells  in  a  double  or  triple  layer;  brandies  in  close  fascicles  of  3 
or  4,  short,  partly  detlexed  :  stem-leaves  erect,  small,  ejdaii^ed 
at  the  very  base,  obtuse-ovate  or  obtusely  trianijular;  braju'h- 
leaves  ovate-oblon'jr,  dentate  at  the  apex,  often  contracted  in  tho 
middle  and  cucullute  above,  the  utricles  librilloso  and  with 
numerous  unequal  pores ;  the  perichactial  ovate  or  oblonir- 
lanceolate,  subfalcate,  deeply  cniarjjjinate  or  bidentate  at  tho 
apex,  the  utricles  fibrillose  and  porose:  caj)sulo  immersed  or 
fihort-pedicelled.  —  Torfra.  t.  18;  Braitlnv.  Sphag.  f)(),  t.  13. 
S.  compactum,  var.  rigidum,  Xees  &  Ilornsch.  S.  striatum^ 
Sulliv.  Muse.  Allegli.  n.  201.  S.  humile,  Schimp. ;  Sulliv.  Icon. 
Muse.  5,  t.  3. 

Var.  squarrosum,  Russ.  Pale  green ;  brantrhes  sprcadin:^ 
horizontally ;  leaves  loose  and  scpiarrose. 

Had.  In  bo,2;s,  especially  southward,  from  the  pino-barrens  of  Xow 
.Jersey  to  Florida;  Yoscmite  Valley,  in  the  spray  of  tho  Veriuil  Falls, 
anil  in  rivulets  at  the  foot  of  Mt.  Dana  (Uolandvr).  Tho  vaiioty  near 
Dethlchem,  Pennsylvania  {Ran). 

12.  S.  Muelleri,  Schimp.  Delicate,  pale-green :  stems 
slender,  the  unequal  cortical  cells  in  three  layers  ;  branches  in 
fascicles  of  3  or  4,  partly  arcuate,  partly  flagelliform  and  pen- 
dent :  stem-leaves  large,  oblong  or  obovatc,  slightly  dentate  at 
the  apex,  fibril  lose  and  porose  like  tho  branch-leaves,  Avhich  are 


...*r 


'I 


in 


^    -4 
'  '  '  J 


18 


SPHAGNACE^. 


[Si}hajnu!n. 


Sphng 


i 


■'I 


■  U 


■  I 


erect  and  clasping  to  the  multllo,  subsquarrose  above,  ol)long- 
lanceolate,  with  a  narrow  crenatc  border,  the  compressed  ducts 
broader  and  free  on  the  inner  surface ;  pci  icluetial  kv'U'cs  oblong, 
acuniinatt-  'anceolate,  coarsely  dentate  at  and  to^s•ard  the  apex, 
the  utricles  llbrillose  and  ])orose  in  the  upper  part  only :  spores 
yellow.  —  Torfni.  t.  2G ;  Sulliv.  Icon.  Muse.  9,  t.  5.  >lS'.  mol- 
luscoides^  IMuell.  Syn.  i.  99.  S.  molle^  Aust.  S.  molle,  var. 
llnelleri,  Brait'-Y.  Sphag.  54,  t,  12. 

IIab.  Florida  ( Ru.'.sell) ;  Lookout  Mountain,  Tennessee  ( Lesquereux) ; 
New  Jersey  (Austin). 

13.  S.  molle,  Sulliv.  Dioecious,  densely  cespitoso,  T/hitish- 
green :  stems  short  (an  inch  or  two  high),  with  two  cortical 
layers  of  quadrangnlar  cells ;  branches  close,  2  or  8  together, 
spreading:  stem-leaves  close,  large,  oblong,  obtuse,  spreading 
or  deflexed,  the  utricles  cm}>ty  or  slightly  llbrillose  and  porose; 
branch-leaves  very  delicate,  ovate-oblong,  erect,  convolute 
above,  truncate-denticulate  at  the  apex,  the  utricles  with  fibrils 
and  thiidy  scattered  s])ores ;  pericha'tial  leaves  imbricate,  con- 
cave, constricted  at  the  emMrginate.2-3-toothed  apex,  utricles 
vMnj»ty;  capsule  globose,  exserted  from  the  tufte<l  branches. — 
iVfusc.  AUegh.  n.  205,  ^lossc-^  of  IT.  States,  13,  and  Icon.  Muse. 
7,  t.  4;  liraithw.  Sphag.  53;  Lindb.  Sphag.  33.  ».S.  tahularc, 
Sulliv.  Muse.  Allegh.  n.  204,  and  :Mosses  of  U.  States,  12. 
S.  compactum.,  Brid.,  and  var.,  ]\[uell.  Syn.  ii.  539. 

Var.  tenerum,  IJraithw.  Stems  short,  whitish ;  branches 
crowded :  leaves  acuminate,  somewhat  undulate.  —  Sj)hag.  55. 
S.  tC7icnon,  Sulliv.  &  Lesqx,,  Jlusc.  Bor.-Amer.  (1  ed.)  n.  11  ; 
Sulliv.  i\Iosses  of  U.  States,  11. 

IIab.  Table  Mountain,  South  Carolina  (Grny)\  Tallnlah  Falls,  Geor- 
gia {LcKqncreux)\  Quaker  Bridge,  Xew  Jersey  (James,  Austin). 

14.  S.  Garberi,  Lesqx.  &  James.  Dioecious,  of  medium 
size,  green ;  stems  very  soft,  the  rather  large  cortical  cells  in 
three  hrers:  stem-leaves  small,  deltoid-ovate,  subcucullate, 
nearly  entire  at  the  apex,  the  utricles  large,  scarcely  narrower 
along  the  margin,  slightly  porose  and  llbrillose  toward  the 
base  ;  branch-leaves  concave,  imbricate  at  base,  squarrose  from 
the  middle,  dentate  at  the  truncate  apex,  not  margined,  the 
large  utricles  closely  fibrillose  and  porose,  the  \cry  narrow 
ducts  on  the  convex  side  of  the  leaf  and  nearly  surrounded 
by  the  utricles;    pericha^tial   leaves  deeply  concave  but   not 


vagmi 

sules 

Amer 


Sphagnum.] 


SrriAGNACE^. 


19 


va!:>;inatc,  »)\atc-ricuminate,  subfalcato,  erose  at  the  apex:  cap- 
sukvs  from  the  tufted  branches,  small,  reddish-brown.  —  Proc. 
Amer.  Acad.  xiv.  133.      S.  humile   Austin,  Bull.  Torr.  Club, 


vii.  2. 


Hau.     Florula  (7)r.  A.  P.  Gnrber). 
§  5.  SunsEcuxDA.      Ji ranch-leaves    more    or    less    seciaid   or 
falcate,  very  Jibrillose,  more  or  less  jyorose  in  the  upper 
part:   ducts  medial,  conqjressed  or  triaiigidar,  generally 
free  on  the  broader  side. 

15.  S.  SUbsecundum,  Xees.  Dicecious,  loosely  cespitose, 
variously  colored:  stem  solid,  with  a  simple  layer  of  cortical 
cells ;  branches  in  fascicles  of  3  or  4,  recurved  or  pendent,  short : 
Btem-leaves  small,  enlarged  at  base,  deltoid  or  ovate,  cucullate 
at  the  obtuse  minutely  fimbriate  apex,  the  utricles  fibrillose  and 
porose  in  the  upper  part  only ;  branch-leaves  spreading,  secund, 
ovate-acuminate,  deeply  concave,  margined,  li-3-toothed  at  the 
apex,  the  utricles  fibrillosc  and  with  numerous  small  pores,  gen- 
erally 2-ranked  close  to  the  walls ;  perichastial  leaves  oblong- 
acuminate,  fibrillose  in  the  upper  j)art:  capsules  in  the  tuftcid 
branches:  s]>ores  ferruginous. —  Bryol.  Germ.  i.  17,  t.  3; 
Schimp.  Torfm.  t.  22;  Braithw.  Sphag.  48,  t.  9,  10;  Lindb. 
Sphag.  28. 

Var.  auriculatum,  Lindb.  Stem-leaves  distinctly  auricu- 
late.  —  Schimp.  Torfm.  77,  t.  24. 

Var.  laxum.  Loosely  cespitose,  variegated  in  color  :  stem- 
leaves  Ungulate,  obtui=e  ;  branch-leaves  long-ovate,  with  cunei- 
form ducts  near  the  convex  surface ;  perichwtial  leaves  very 
large. —  S.  Lesciirii,  Sulliv.  Mosses  of  L^.  States,  11. 

Var.  COntortum,  Schimp.  Dark  green,  with  crowded  and 
RomcAvhat  circinate  branches:  stem-leaves  larger,  the  utricles 
iibrillose  arid  jtorose  their  whole  length  ;  branch-loaves  larger. 
—  S.  contcrtnm,  Schultz  ;  Nees  &  Ilornsch.  Bryol.  Germ.  i.  15, 
t.  2,  fig.  0. 

Var.  obesum,  Schimp.  Very  stout,  with  tumid  branches 
and  large  closely  imbricate  leaves.  —  <S'.  contortion,  var.  obesum, 
Wils.  Bryol.  Brit.  22. 

Hah.  Toat-boas.  in  the  midille  and  northern  sections,  generally  bonler- 
ing  ditclios  or  filling  depressions  in  the  bogs. 

IG.  S.  laricinum,  Spruce.  Closely  resembling  the  last, 
dilTering  in  the  double  or  triple  layer  of  cortical  cells,  the  much 


• : ; ! 


)w 


^  . 

-i 

*        'li 

I'il 

20 


SPIIAGNACE^. 


[Sphagnum. 


Hit 


:       I 


larger  stem-leaves  narrowed  at  base  and  emarginate  at  the  aj)ex, 

the  shorter  imbricate  and  ai)])ressed  (not  seciind)  branch-leaves, 

the  utricles  elongated  and  Hexuous,  witii  fewer  small  })ores  on 

both  sides  of  the  walls,  and  the  narrowly  oval  ducts  free  on 

both   faces.  —  tSulliv.   Icon.   Muse.  Suppl.  17,  t.  8 ;   Braithw. 

Sphag.  44,  t.  7,  8  ;  Lindb.  Sphag.  25.     /S.  contortion,  var.  lari- 

cinum,  Wils. 

II AB.  Marshes  and  bogs;  Sand  Lake,  N.  Y.  (C.  U.  Peck)\  Gloucester 
County,  Penn.  (E.  A.  Ran). 

17.  S.  Mendocinum,  Sulliv.  &  Lesq.  Elongated,  floating, 
loosely  cespitose,  tawny  above,  yellowish  white  below  ;  stems 
solid,  the  cortical  cells  in  a  simi)le  or  double  layer ;  branches 
long  and  lexuous,  in  fascicles  of  '2  or  3,  mostly  open,  not  pen- 
dent :  stem-leaves  oblong-ovate,  auricled  at  base,  marginate, 
fibrillose  and  porose  in  the  upper  j)art ;  branch-leaves  loosely 
imbricate,  lanceolate,  acuminate,  subulate-dentate  at  the  apex, 
the  long  flexuous  utricles  with  close  fibrils  and  numerous  minute 
pores  in  rows  on  both  sides  of  the  walls ;  ducts  medial  and 
com])ressed,  or  narrowly  triangular  with  the  free  base  on  the 
convex  surface :  fruit  unknown.  —  Sulliv.  Icon.  Muse.  Suj)pl. 
12,  t.  3.  )S.  attricHlatnm,  Lesq.  in  Mem.  Calif.  Acad.  i.  4; 
Sulliv.  &  Lesq.  Muse.  Bor.-Am.  Exsicc.  (2  ed.)  n.  23.  /S.  sub- 
secundum,  va|*.  longifoUu.m,  Lesq.  1.  c. 

Hah.  Swamps  near  Mendocino  City,  California  (Bolander,  1807); 
bogs  near  King  liiver,  California,  at  8-9,000  feet  altitude  {Brewer). 

The  species  is  allied  to  S.  cuspidatum  (to  which  it  is  referred  by 
Braithwaite  and  Lindberg)  in  its  habit  and  in  tlie  disposition  of  the 
ducts,  to  S.  suhsecundum  in  tlie  structure  of  tlie  leaves. 

18.  S.  tenellum,  Ehrh.  Dioecious,  soft  and  delicate,  rarely 
eespitose,  mostly  floating,  yellowish  gi*een  or  straw-color;  stems 
loose,  slender,  very  long  and  flexuous,  the  cortical  cells  distant 
in  a  double  layer ;  branches  short,  solitary  or  2  or  3  together, 
spreadiug  or  one  of  them  reflexed :  stem-leaves  spreading  or 
erect,  large,  oblong-ovate,  obtuse,  entire,  densely  fibrillose,  with 
a  few  pores  in  the  nj)per  part ;  branch-leaves  loosely  incumbent, 
comparatively  short,  ovate-lanceolate,  distinctly  margined,  erose 
at  the  apex,  strongly  fibrillose,  with  many  small  jiorcs  on  the 
upper  surface ;  j^ericha^tial  leaves  loosely  imbricate,  oblong- 
lanceolate  or  Ungulate,  fibrillose  in  the  upper  part :  capsule 
small,  thin-walled,  ochraceous :  spores  large,  yellow :  male 
plants  in  separate  tufts  ;  aments  small,  orange-color,  —  iJraithw. 


Si)harjnum.] 


SniAGXACE.E. 


21 


..     . 
I 


Si>hag.  42,  t.  G ;    Limlb.  Sphag.  22.      S.  moUuscum,  Bruch. ; 
Schitnp.  Torfm.  71,  t.  21. 

IIab.  IVat  bpgs;  rare.  Southern  New  Jersey  {Austin);  Canada 
(Foiolcf);  Cascade  Mountains,  Oregon  (Newberry). 

§6.  CvMiJiFoinriA.  Plants  robust :  stcni-leares  ko'r/e.,  linr/ulate 
or  spatulate ;  branch-leases  venj  concace,  densehf  i/nbri- 
cate:  cortical  cells  lar^e^Jlbrillose  a/id j)orose  :  ducts  thick- 
walled^  somewhat  trianr/ular,  medial  or  near  the  concave 
surface  of  the  leaf. 

10.  S.  cymbifolium,  Ehrh.  Dioecious,  fleiisely  ocsi)itose 
when  growing  out  of  water,  rarely  floating,  yellowish  green  or 
purplish  ;  stems  solid,  simple  or  2-parte(l,  the  cortical  cells  in  3 
or  4  layers;  branches  in  fascicles  of  3  to  5,  two  of  them  j)en- 
dcnt,  the  rest  curved :  stem-leaves  generally  reflexed,  lingulato, 
rounded  and  erose  at  the  apex,  not  margined,  the  utricles  mostly 
empty  or  thinly  iibrillose  toward  the  apex ;  branch-leavea 
broadly  ovate,  narrowed  and  cucullate  toward  t^'.e  aj)ex,  scar 
brous  on  the  l)ack  by  the  perforation  of  the  utricles,  which  are 
large  and  fibrillose,  with  few  large  pores,  the  ducts  medial  and 
narrowly  oval ;  perichoitial  leaves  small,  ovate-lanceolate  :  cap- 
sule large,  globose,  dark-brown,  stOTnatose  :  spores  ferruginous  : 
male  plants  slender,  the  aments  rather  thick,  yellow. —  Ilannov. 
Mag.  1780,  235;  Schimj).  Torfm.  Gl),  t.  19;  Braithw.  Si)hag. 
38,  t.  5.  IS. palustre.,  Linn.;  Lindb.  Sphag.  IG.  iS.  latij'olium^ 
Iledw.     S.  vulgarCy  Michx.  Fl.  ii.  285. 

11  AH.     Bogs  and  mountain  rivulets;  common  and  variable. 

20.  S.  papillosum,  Lindb.  Much  like  the  last  and  gen- 
erally confounded  with  it.  Cortical  cells  quadrangular,  in  four 
layers:  stem-leaves  rounded  and  minutely  fringed  at  the  a])ex; 
branch-leaves  round-ovate,  the  ducts  densely  and  minutely 
l)apillose  where  in  contact  with  the  utricles  which  enclose  them  ; 
))erich;etial  leaves  oblong,  ]>licate,  the  utricles  empty  in  the 
lower  part,  porose  and  fibrillose  above.  —  Act.  Soc.  Sc.  Fenn. 
X.  280,  and  Si)hag.  14  ;  Austin,  Muse.  Appal.  Exsicc.  Supj)l. 
n.  451  ;  Braithw.  Sjihag.  35,  t.  4. 

IIab.  New  Jersey  (Austin);  Canada  (Fowler);  Pennsylvania  (E.  A. 
Rail). 

21.  S.  Austin!,  Sulliv.  Pale  green,  resembling  the  last 
two  species  in  size  and  aspect,  differing  especially  in  the  stem- 
leaves  distinctly  fimbriate,  with  the  utricles  porose  and  fibrillose 


I 


\- , 


I  »■ 


' 


22 


SPIIAGXACE/E. 


[Sphajnum. 


n  Id 


II! 


in  the  lower  part,  empty  in  the  upper;  branch-leaves  denticulate 
above  the  middle  and  scabrous  at  the  cucullate  ai)ex,  with  the 
triangular  ducts  free  on  the  concave  side  of  the  leaf,  and  the 
walls  of  the  utricles  bordered  by  a  fringe  of  rudimentary  fibres; 
pericha3tial  leaves  large,  oblong,  obtuse,  limbriate  at  the  apex : 
flowers  niona'cious,  and  the  small  ca|)sule  short-i)edicellate.  — 
Icon.  Muse.  Suj>pl.  9,  t.  1  ;  Austin,  Muse.  Appal.  Exsicc.  n.  2 ; 
Braithw.  8i)hag.  JJ3,  t.  3. 

IIab.  Swamps  in  Ocean  County,  New  Jcscy  {Austin,  E.  A.  Rau)\ 
also  fouiul  in  bweilen  by  Lindberg. 

22.  S.  Portoricense,  Ilampe.  Dioecious  (?),  very  large, 
generally  floating,  the  exj)o.sed  portion  greenish,  the  immersed 
grayish  brown  ;  stems  solid,  the  cortical  cells  in  3  or  4  layers, 
flbrillose  and  slightly  })orose ;  branches  in  fascicles  of  4  or  ;'), 
some  ament-like,  attenuate  at  base,  erect  or  arcuate,  others 
longer,  more  slender  and  pendent :  stenvleaves  appendiculate 
or  substipulate,  broadly  triangular-ovate,  entire,  the  utricles 
without  pores  and  with  few  fibrils ;  branch-leaves  closely 
imbricate,  cucullate  and  scabrous  on  the  back  at  the  apex, 
broadly  ovate,  obtuse,  minutely  fimbriate  all  around  like  the 
stem-leaves,  narrowly  margined,  the  utricles  fibrillose  and 
})orose  and  with  the  walls  made  papillose  by  the  bases  of  abor- 
tive fibrils ;  ducts  as  in  the  last  si)ecies :  fruit  unknown.  — 
Linmca,  xxv.  359;  Austin,  Muse.  Appal.  Exsicc.  n.  1;  Sulliv. 
Icon.  ]Musc.  3,  t.  2;  Braithw.  Sphag.  32,  t.  2;  Lindb.  Sphag.  9. 
S.  Sulllvantianum,  Austin,  Am.  Journ.  Sci.  2  ser.,  xxxv.  253. 

Fab.  Manchester  Pond,  Ocean  County,  New  Jersey  (AuHUn)\ 
Atlantic  County,  etc.,  New  Jersey  [E.  A.  Ban).  Described  by  Ilampe 
from  specimens  collected  in  Porto  Rico. 

§  7.  CvcLOPiiYLLA.  Xoost/i/  ccspitose .'  stems  short,  icith  or 
mostly  wit/iout  short  siwplc  ament-like  branches :  leaves 
looseh/  imbricate,  orbicular  or  ovate,  broadhj  obtuse :  ducts 
central,  oval,  thick-7ralled :  cortical  cells  large,  in  a  single 
layer.  Plants  generally  destroyed  by  drought  and  an- 
nually reproduced  from  the  protJiallium. 

23.  S.  cyclophyllum,  Sulliv.  &  Lesq.  Dia'cious ;  plants 
amcnt-likc,  soft,  prostrate  or  erect  and  loosely  ees))it(xse,  of  a 
whitish-glaucous  color :  leaves  very  large,  round-ovate,  flaccid, 
very  entire,  with  two  rows  of  thin  marginal  c(>lls,  the  utricles 
long,  flexuous,  fibrillose,  with  minute  pores  along  the  borders; 


Sphagnum.] 


SriIAGXACEiE. 


>f 


pcricha'tial  leaves  ohlonijj-ovate,  erose  or  trnneate  at  the  anox  : 

caj^sulo  globose,  small,  immersed  in  the  lati-ral  bud-like  perielwu- 

tium  :  male  ameuts  upon  short  simple  tufted  branches.  —  .Muse. 

Bor.-Ain.  Hxsicc.  (ed.  1),  n.  5;  Sulliv.  Mosses  of  U.  States,  11, 

leon.  Muse.   13,  t.  (5,  and  Suppl.  1(1,  t.  7  ;    Liiulb.  Sj)haiL;.  !^(). 

iS.   oldusifoUton,    var.   titr'jlduDi.,   Ilouk.  Sc   Wils.   in    Drumm. 

Muse.  Bor.-Amer.   (Co'l.   11.),  n.  17.     A.  hirlrltium,  var.  ojcUh- 

phl/Unm,  Lindb.,  in  pirt. ;  liraithw.  Sphag.  47,  t.  8,  iig.  (^ 

IIah.  Growing  in  tiifls  in  depressions  in  sandstono  rocks  or  in  sandy 
pround  in  tlie  mountains  of  the  Southern  States  from  Alabama  to  Florida; 
floating  in  deep  swamps  near  New  Orleans;  souLhern  New  Jersey,  where 
it  was  discovered  in  fruit  by  Mr.  Austin. 

24.  S.  sedoides,  Brid.  Loosely  cesi)itose,  soft,  purjilish, 
the  branches  very  short,  scattered,  simi)le  or  mere  bud-like 
branehlets :  leaves  closely  imbricated,  oblong-ovate,  obtuse, 
denticulate  at  and  below  the  aj)ex,  narrowly  margint'd,  the 
utricles  fibrillose,  rarely  ])orose  :  fruit  ludcnown.  —  Bryol.  Univ. 
i.  750;  Sulliv.  Muse.  Allegh.  n.  208,  Mosses  of  V.  States,  12, 
and  Icon.  Muse.  11,  t.  0.  S.  J^yhdei,  var.  sedoiihx,  Lindb.; 
Braithw.  Sphag.  80,  t.  28,  B.  Considered  by  Mueller  (Syn. 
i.  92)  to  be  a  young  state  of  S.  ci/mhIfollunK 

II AB.  Springy  places,  on  Table  Hock,  South  Carolhia  (Gray,  Lcsqne- 
reux);  Mount  Marcy,  New  York  (Torrcy). 

25.  S.  Fitzgeraldi,  Renauld,  in  litt.  Plants  in  short 
compact  -whitish  tufts ;  stems  slen<ler,  with  a  single  cortical 
layer  of  large  rectangular-elongated  cellules ;  branches  single  or 
two  together,  short,  arcuate  or  pendent :  stem-leaves  oblong  or 
obovate,  truncate  and  dentate  at  the  apex,  aurietilate  at  the  base, 
bordered  by  two  rows  of  very  narrow  cell-? ;  the  utricles  fibrose, 
M'ithout  pores  ;  branch-leaves  narrow,  liiu'ar-oblong,  truncate, 
denticulate  at  the  apex  and  along  tli(>  borders  to  the  middle; 
the  marginal  cells  and  utricles  as  in  the  stem-leaves ;  duets 
medial,  nearly  square,  much  smaller  than  the  utricles,  but  free 
on  the  lower  and  nj)per  surface  :  llowers  and  fruit  unknown. 

II Au.     Florida,   on  decaying  leaves  of  palmetto  (C.    IT.   Fitzgerald). 

Species  allied  to  S.  scdoUUn,  Brid.,  differing  in  flu'  stem-loaves,  obovate, 
and  auiieulate  at  base,  those  of  the  branches  narrow,  nearly  linear,  den- 
ticulate to  the  middle,  truncate  at  the  apex,  and  in  the  small  square  free 
intermediate  ducts. 

2C).  S.  Pylaesii,  Brid.  Dioecious,  loosely  ccs])itose,  reddish 
brown,  more  robust  than  the  preceding ;  l.^ranches  solitary  or 


:5 


T; 


!•' : 


r-  ;r-" 


Mil 


•" 


24 


SPIIAGNACE^. 


[Sjihajnum, 


II    il! 


fascicliMl  in  twos  or  threes,  short,  arcuate,  filiform  :  U'.ives  of 
the  stciii,  Lranohes  and  perichajtimu  oblong-ovate,  broadly 
obtuse,  entii'e  or  erose  at  the  apex:  capsule  small,  ujlobose, 
immersed  on  sliort  lateral  branches:  male  j)lants  more  robust, 
the  aments  in  the  upi)er  slightly  inflated  branches.  —  Bryol. 
Univ.  i.  749;  Sulliv.  Icon.  Muse.  12,  t.  G,  and  Suppl.  15,  t.  G; 
Braithw.  Sphag.  85,  t.  28,  excl.  var.  A',  ct/mbi folium,  forma 
juDodlis,  Muell.  Syn.  i.  92.  S.  sedoides,  var.,  Sulliv.  &,  Lesq. 
Muse.  Bor.-Am.  Exsicc.  (ed.  1),  n.  4. 

IlAn.  Same  as  the  preceding;  stagnant  marshes,  Southern  New 
Jersey,  in  fruit  (Austin,  J.  Donncll  Smith). 

§  8.  AnxouMiA.     Stems  and  brcmch-leaves  icith  2^orose  cells  and 
no  fibres.     Plants  of  large  size,  sJuning  when  dry. 

27.  S.  macrcphyllum,  Bornh.  Diojcioas,  very  long, 
generally  floating,  dark  olive-green  or  brown  ;  stems  solid,  with 
a  double  or  triple  layer  of  thick-walled  transversely  oval  or 
Kulxpiadrate  cells ;  branches  in  fascicles  of  3  or  4,  diverging 
and  spreading :  stem-leaves  small,  ovate,  enlarged  at  base, 
tapering  to  an  obtuse  a])ex,  entire ;  branch-leaves  rigid,  nar- 
rowly lanceolate,  subulate,  denticidate  at  the  convolute  apex, 
the  utricles  long  and  fusiform,  with  pores  in  longitudinal  rows 
in  the  middle,  the  nearly  circular  thin-walled  ducts  central  and 
free  on  both  sides :  i)erich;Etium  lateral  and  tufted,  with 
oblong-lanceolate  obtuse  leaves,  denticulate  at  the  apex  :  cap- 
sule globose,  short-pedicellate  :  s})ores  sulphur-yellow,  tetrahe- 
dral  and  ])apillosc :  male  flowers  unknown.  —  Brid.  Bryol. 
Univ.  i.  10  ;  Sidliv.  Muse.  Allegh.  n.  207,  Mosses  of  U.  States, 
12,  and  Icon.  Muse.  1,  t.  1. ;  Braithw.  Sphag.  87,  t.  29  ;  Lindb. 
Sj)hag.  72. 

Var,  Ploridanum,  Aust.  Areoles  of  the  leaves  twice  as 
long  as  in  the  normal  form,  with  40  to  70  minute  ])ores  in 
two  rows.  —  Bull.  Torrey  Club,  vii.  15.  S.  cribrosum^lAwiWi. 
Sphag.  74. 

IIau.  Swamps  of  the  Southern  States,  from  Xew  Jersey  to  Florida, 
rarely  fruiting;  the  variety  iu  Florida  {Austin,  J.  Donnell  Smith). 


Anilrecca.] 


ANDREiEACE^. 


25 


Order  II.  AXDREyEACE^E.   Sciiizocarpous  Mossks. 

Plants  asceii(lin<T  from  a  prostrate  rootinuf  base,  of  dark  color 
and  generally  black,  branching  by  innovations  from  nnder  the 
flower-bearing  aj)ex,  and  dichotomons.  Leaves  thickish,  oj)en 
or  falcate-secund,  ]>apill<jse  or  warty;  areolation  circnlar  or 
hexagonal  in  the  upper  ])art,  (juadrate  in  the  lower,  sinuous- 
vermicidar  at  base.  Flowers  moncyeious  or  dicecions,  terminal, 
gemmiform.  Calyptra  very  thin,  closely  adherent.  Ca|)sule 
oval,  immersed  in  the  large  pericha'tium  before  maturity  and 
then  ])rotruded  by  the  elongation  of  the  receptacle  or  vaginule, 
splitting  from  the  collum  upward  into  4  or  rarely  G  ecjual  seg- 
ments, which  cohere  at  the  (juadrangular  aj)ex.  Spores  small, 
at  first  coherent  by  fours  in  glomerules. 

Plants  cospitoso,  growing  on  rocks  in  alpine  or  subalpine  localities;  all 
the  American  species  uioua-cious. 

1.  ANDREW  A,  Ehrh.  (PI.  1.) 

The  only  genus.     Characters  as  of  the  Order. 

1.  A.  petrophila,  Ehrh.  Leaves  spreading,  rarely  secund, 
ovate  and  oblong-lanceolate,  concave,  oblique  at  the  hyaline 
crenulate  apex,  papillose  on  the  back,  ecostate;  pericluetial 
leaves  convolute,  liojht-vellow.  —  Beitr.  i.  192 ;  Brvol.  Eur. 
t.  6'28  ;  Braithw.  Brit.  Moss-Fl.,  i.  6,  t.  1,  A.  A.  rujjestris, 
Iledw. 

II.VK.     Wet  granitic  rocks,  on  high  mountains;  very  variable. 

2.  A.  rupestris,  Turn.  Leaves  erect,  subimbricate  at  the 
ovate  base,  open,  linear-lanceolate,  spreading,  incurved  or  sul)- 
secund  at  the  apex;  costa  depressed,  excurrent ;  areolation 
punctiform,  striate.  —  ]\Iusc.  Col.  Ilyb.  Spec.  14;  Bryol.  Eur. 
t.  081.  Jiou/ermcninid  rttpestris,  Linn.  Fl.-Suec.  1045.  A. 
Jiot/ni,  Web.  &  Mohr ;  Braithw.  1.  c.  12,  t.  2,  A. 

Hab.  On  rocks,  with  the  preceding;  connnon  in  the  movmtains  of 
Georgia  and  Carolina,  descending  to  the  plains  northward.  f)n  gneiss 
rocks  near  Yonkers,  New  York,  on  the  borders  of  the  Hudson  ( E.  C. 
Hoive). 


-k 


h 


I    ! 

f  ■■.; 


m 


J 


2G 


ANDREyEACE^E. 


[Andi'cwit. 


3.  A.  crassinervia,  nnich.  Stem  iJrostriitc,  I'iMLjilf : 
lejivcs  f:ilc:itc'-.sc'c'mi<l,  oblong  lit  base,  abruptly  hinccMjlate, 
cus))itluto  !))■  tiu!  soinitorctc  oxcurrcnt  costa,  jtapillosu  at  the 
apex;  puriclia'tial  leaves  la r<^e:  ea])Sulo  small,  short-necked. — 
Denksehr.  Acad.  Muench.  182.S,  271),  t.  10;  BryoL  Eur.  t.  633; 
Braitlnv.  1.  c.  11,  t.  1,  C. 

llAii.     Mouulaiiis  of  Nuw  Enyluad  (Oa/ccs). 


r    I 


n 


OiiDEu  III.    BIIYACE.^.    True  Mosses. 

Phmts  generally  low  and  tufted,  from  a  liliform  prothallium, 
with  short,  fleshy  or  hard,  elongated,  round  or  slightly  com- 
pressed, rarely  angular  stems,  either  rooting  at  base  and  erect, 
bearing  the  organs  of  fructification  at  the  apex  {Acrocarpi) 
and  continued  by  innovations  from  below  the  flowers,  or  pro- 
cumbent and  creej)ing,  rooting  at  intervals  through  their  wliole 
length,  and  bearing  flowers  on  shcrt  lateral  branches  ( Clado- 
carjn),  or  in  buds  at  the  axils  of  the  leaves  {Pleurocarjji). 
Leaves  inserted  at  right  angles  to  the  stems,  open-spreading  or 
oblique-erect,  composed  of  a  single  layer  of  cells,  rarely  of  two 
or  three,  sinij)le-nerved  in  the  middle  or  binerved  at  base  or 
nerveless.  Flowers  gemmaceous  or  inclosed  in  involucral 
leaves  {perichaitium  and  perigonium),  rarely  discoid  or  ex- 
posed to  view,  surrounded  by  open  involucral  leaves  at  the  apex 
of  the  stems,  syncecious,  auta»eious,  monoecious  or  diircious. 
Cni)sule  globular,  oblong,  oval  or  cylindrical,  traversetl  length- 
wise by  the  columella,  irregularly  breaking  around  in  the 
middle  at  maturity  for  the  emission  of  s})ores,  or  more  gen- 
erally opening  at  its  n])per  part  by  a  cover  (opcn'ulion)  de- 
tached by  the  inflation  of  the  cells  of  the  aiDiuhis  and  ex- 
posing the  orifice,  which  is  cither  naked  {gymnostomc)  or 
surroun«led  by  a  simple  or  double  peristome  attached  to  the 
inner  border  of  the  capsule.  The  simple  or  outer  ])eristomo  is 
composed  oi  4  to  32  teeth  or  more,  coherent  in  pairs ;  the 
inner  is  formed  of  a  yellowish  j)ellucid  membrane  attached  to 


'i 


13UYACEiE. 


27 


the  inner  base  of  tlie  teeth,  (lividiii::^^  above  into  IG  lanceolate 
double  segments,  which  are  carinate  on  the  oiitside  l)y  the 
cohesion  of  the  segments  tiieir  wIkjIc  length,  or  eU  It  along 
the  (livisui'al  line  and  disjoined,  or  adhering  merely  by  promi- 
nent articulations  and  thus  i)erforated  on  the  keel ;  segments 
alternating  with  the  teeth  of  the  external  j>eristoine  and  often 
separated  by  1  to  ii  liliiorin  articulate  or  more  rarely  transversely 
laciniate  or  aj)pendiculate  cilia.  Spores  of  one  kind  only.  Idl- 
ing the  inner  sac  of  the  capsule,  dis[)ersing  at  maturity  and 
puducing  by  germination  the  hliform  jirothallium,  from  which 
sprout  the  primitive  buds  of  the  ])lants. 


m 


I  J 


Hi 


Systematic  Arrangement  of  Tribes  and  Genera. 

Skijiks  I.     ACROCAllPI.      Flowers   teruiiuiil,  bocoming  lateral  only 
by  innovations  from  under  the  flowers. 

A.  Dehiscence  of  the  capsule  irregular,  transverse. 

Tribe  I.  PIIASCE.E.     Plants  niinnte.     Loaves  soft,  very  loosely  areo- 
late.     Capsule  globular,  iumiersed,  subsessile  or  short-podicellate. 

«  Plants  bud-like,  on  a  persistent  prothallium.     Leaves  nerveless,  except 

in  one  species. 

Calyptra  minute,  closely  adhering.  1.  Micromitrium. 

Calyptra  larger,  campanulate.  2.  Ephemerum. 

»  »  Leaves  distinctly  nerved.     Prothallium  none. 


Canlosoont.        Capsule     globose,    apiculate. 
Calyptra    campanulate. 

Stemless.      Capsule  enclosed  in  a  cluster  of 
imbricate  concave  leaves. 

Caulescent.     Capsule    pedicellate.     Calyptra 
cucullate. 

Plants  larger;  stems  divided.     Capsule  ovate. 
Calyptra  cucullate. 

Stemless.     Leaves  more  closely  areolate,  mi- 
nutely papillose  on  tlie  back. 

Caulescent.     Capsule  apopbysate,  except  in 
one  :pecies.     Calyptra  n)itrate. 

Capsule  globose.      Calyptra  irregularly  torn, 
bpores  ver.y  large  aiid  few. 


3.  Physcomitrella. 

4.  Sphserangium. 

5.  Phascum. 

0.  Pleuridium. 

7.  Microbryum. 

8.  Bruchia. 

9.  Archidium. 


B.  Capsule  (lohiscing  by  a  deciduous  operculum. 

TiJiBE  IT.  WEISIE.'E.  Plants  cespiiose.  Leaves  simply  costate;  areo- 
lation  opaque.  i)niirtifonn  or  (piadrate,  generally  i)apilIose  in  tbe 
upper  part    oblong-hexagonal,  pellucid   or  chloropliyllose   in   the 


f^^ 


:..J, 


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i 


m  n 


If 


28 


DKYACE.^. 


lower.    Operculum  rostrate.    I'eriiiouic  simple  or  none.    Calyptra 
cucullate. 

«  Poristoine  none. 

riiiiits    siiKill.       Capsuici    croct ;    opeiTuluin 

siiuimlv  iullicrcnt. 
riaiits   liuucr.      Oiiorculimi    long-ljciiki'd,  de- 

ridlloll.s. 

I'laiits    l:ir,L,'f>,    dicliotuiuousiy   divi'li-d,    as   in 

I'lcKl'K  lllJ)L 


10.  Astomum. 

11.  Gymnostomum. 

1-'.  AucBctangium. 
*  »  rcristome  siiuiilc,  of  1(5  tcctli,  incijiilarly  splitting  or  perforated. 


ri.iiils  siiiiill.  CiipMilt^  loiiu-iifilict'llate. 
TiM'tii  iriuisverscly  urlioulaie,  I'ntire  or 
perforated. 

riiints  hir,i,'('.  Pcricha'tiiiin  slioalliiiii;.  Teeth 
more  distinctly  arlieidale,  entire  or  bilid  at 
apex. 

Leaves  soft,  coarsely  papillose,  serridate  above. 
Capsule  slightly  curved. 

Leaves  minutely  papillose  on  both  faces.  Cap- 
sule striate,  erect. 

Leaves  minutely  crenulate.  ('ai)sule  short, 
ovate,  with  a  distinct  colluin  regular  or 
strumose.      Teeth  irregularly  split. 

Leaves  enlarged,  sheathing  at  base,  irregtdarly 
serrulate.     Teeth  2-o-cleft  to  the  middle. 


13.  Weisia. 

14.  Dicranoweisia. 

15.  Oreoweisia. 

IC.  Rhabdoweisia. 

17.  Csmodontium. 

18.  Dichodontium. 


*  *  i*  Te(!th  regularly  bilid  to  the  middle  (Dicranoid).     Leaves  smooth; 
basilar  areola!  ion  cpiaurate,  enlargeil  at  the  angles. 


19.  Trematodon. 

20.  Angstroemia. 

21.  Dicranella. 

22.  Dicranum. 

23.  Dicranodontium. 


Leaves  lanceolate-subulate.  Capsule  arcuate 
with  a  long  narrow  collum. 

Stems  nearly  simple,  filiform.  Capsule  small, 
erect,  subglobose. 

Plants  small.  Capsule  cernuous.  Segments 
of  the  teeth  filiform,  granulosa. 

Plants  large.  Leaves  spreading  or  secund,  not 
or  scarcely  sheathing;  costa  strong,  more  or 
less  dilated  toward  the  base. 

Leaves  long,  setacoous-subnlnle.  the  upper 
part  (illed  by  the  broad  costa  ;  basilar  areo- 
lation  much  enlarged,  brown  at  the  angles. 

Capsule  on  a  curved  flexuous  pedicel.  Calyp- 
tra cucullate,  ciiiate  at  base.  24.  CampylopUS. 

Plants  frondose.  Leaves  distichous,  conduplicate  in  the  lower  part,  alate 
on  the  back,  expanded  above  into  a  simply  costate  lamina.  Peri- 
stome of  Dicranum.     {Subtribe  Fissidentk^. ) 

Frond-like;  not  aquatic.  25.  Pissidens. 

Plants  slender,  branching  and  floating.  Leaves 
distant.  ^  26.  Conomitrium. 

Plants  soft,  spongy,  whitish  yellow.  Leaves  thick,  composed  of  three 
superposed  layers  of  cells,  with  intercellular  simple  narrow  ducts. 
( Subtfihc  Lkl  C()iuiYE.E. ) 

Peristome  of  Dicranum.  27.  Leucobryum. 


BRYACEiE. 


29 


20.  Ceratodon. 
no.  Trichodon. 
oi.  Distichium. 


Peristome  of  8  short  teeth.  28.  Octoblepharum. 

Loaves  lancpolate-siibulale,  clasping  at  base,  open,  spreading  <>r  <lisii- 
clious;  costa  stroiiii,  pereurnTit.  Capsule  ovate-fyliiulneal,  erert 
or  iiiclineil,  loiin-pediccllale.  Teeth  ot  Mie  p.-ristoiiie  1(1,  tliviilrd  lo 
near  the  base  into  two  «"nial  stroii-ly  articulate  scmnciits,  or  irregu- 
larly split;  none  in  luintirhid.     (SuhtrU'r  (kua  todontk.*:.) 

Leaves  strongly  costate.  Capsule  ovate-oblong, 
striate. 

Leaves  loiifi-subulate  from  an  oblon?  sheathing 
base.     Capsule  narrow,  eyliiidrieiil. 

Leaves  distiehoiis,  subulate  from  the  half- 
clasping  base. 

Leaves  distiehous,  eanalieulate-plicate,  closely 

imbricate.  32.  Eustichia. 

Plants  generally  minute.  Leaves  open,  narrow.  Capsule  erect,  tmniil  at 
the  collum,  turbinate  when  dry.  I'eristome  none,  or  simple,  and  of 
1(1  smooth  acute  or  obtuse  teeth.     (Snhtribc  tSEi.KJKUlK.K. ) 

Peristome  none.  3.3.  Anodus. 

Plants  small.  Peristome  of  10  teeth,  solid, 
without  a  divisural  line. 

Plants  larire.  Ar(>olation  of  the  leaves  enlarged, 
orange-colored  at  the  basal  angles. 

Plants  very  small.  Calyptramitriform.  Teeth 
hyaline-punctulote. 

Plants  small ;  pedicel  long,  slender,  geniculate. 
Teeih  subulate. 


34.  Seligeria. 

35.  Blindia. 
30.  Brachyodus. 
37.  Campylosteleum. 


Tribe  IlL  POTTIE.'E.  Branches  fastigiate  by  innovations.  Leaves 
witl\  a  parenchymatose  quadrate-bexaironal  areolation,  papillose 
and  chlorophyllose  in  the  upper  part,  dilated  and  hyaline  at  base. 
Capsule  erect,  narrowly  oval  or  cylindrical.  Peristome  rarely 
absent,  generally  of  10  flat  membranous  teeth,  sometimes  simple  or 
rudimentary,  mostly  split  to  the  base  into  32  terete  filiform 
obscurely  articulate  segments. 


Capsule  Immersed.     Peristome  none. 

Capsule  erect,  pedicellate.  Peristome  none  or 
imperfect,  of  10  fiat  teeth. 

Teeth  slender,  linear-lanceolate,  confluent  at 
base,  entire  or  cleft  above. 

Leaves  lanceolate-stibulate,  glossy.  Teeth 
cleft  to  the  base  into  two  linear  unequal 
segments. 

Leaves  gradually  lengthening  from  the  base 
upward.  Teeth  cleft  to  the  base  into  tv>o 
equal  very  papillose,  half-terete  segments, 
entire  or  irregularly  interrupted. 

Leaves  ovate  or  obovate.  Segments  subterete 
or  tetragonal-filiform,  free  or  irregularly 
transversely  connate,  erect  or  sliglitly  twisted 
to  tlie  left.  Columella  projecting  beyond  the 
orifice. 

Teeth  divided  to  the  base  Into  long  filiform 
segments,  twisted  to  the  left,  bonie  upon  a 


38.  Pharomitrmm. 
30.  Pottia. 

40.  Didymodon. 

41.  Leptotrichum. 

42.  Trichostomum. 

43.  Desmatodon. 


,!  IP 
■llf   . 


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more  or  less  elongated  tessellate  membrane.    44.  Barbula. 


■■  M 

i   ; 

!     H- 

m 

i      ■  j 

M 

i  * ;  -" 

i 

,..Jij2 

i-W^ 

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.jljl     i! 

Ml!         i 


80 


DKYACE.E. 


TiMiirc  fV.  f;nr>fMrK.1^..  IMants  tuftod  or  pulvinnfo.  Lr.-xvp-  Minrf, 
solid,  ol'it'ii  iiililVnms-acMimliiiilc;  iin-oliiliori  dciiso,  oIjscuic,  |iuiicti- 
foi'iii,  iiiiiuitcly  r()Uiiil-<|ii:iili'iil(>  and  cldoroiiliyllos*'  aliovo.  (.'apsiihi 
rcL^iilar,  on  a  strai;,'lit,  or  arcii.iii'  iicdicd.  'rcdli  Ki,  transversely 
arlieidate.  entire,  eribrose  or  variously  elet't,  rarely  alisent.  C'ulyplra 
^'eiierally  inilrifurni,  Humuliines  splil  on  unu  sidu  or  lobed. 

J'lant.s  lloalini,'  in  loiii;  tuffs, 
lale.     'I'eelli  eaneellate. 

lioavosliair-pointed.  f'alypira  lobafo-initrato, 
("ai>sn!e  einernin','  on  an  arenalo  pedicel; 
leolli  criUrose  or  laciin(jse. 


Calyptra  cucul- 


4').  Cinclidotus. 


I'lants    piilvlnate. 
'r«'elli  erii)rose. 

Capsnlo     inimorsed 
Teeth  :12. 


Capsnlo    ininiersod. 
Idd     persistent. 


Capsnle  on  a  slior!  rnrved  pedicel.    Tooth 

none,  or  eli'ft  or  peiforated. 
Capsule  erect  on  a  straight  pedicel. 

Plants  iarue.  Calyptra  nutriforin-snhulate. 
Teeth  int'nidarly  cleft  to  lielow  the  middle, 
or  to  the  haso  into  two  niiforni  sei;mcnts. 

liOaves  hyaline,  ciliate  at  apex.  Capsnle  hn- 
niersed.     Peristome  none. 

Capsnle  long-pedicoUed,  pyriform  or  turbinate. 


TRinK  V.  OIITIIOTRICIIE.E.     Plants  tuftci 
as  in  (iriimitid.     Calyptra  mitriform  (c 
])lieato,  often  hairy.      Peristome  rarely 
the  outer  of  S  bis^eminate  or  10  genunate 
or  jierforated  teeth,  the  inner  of  8  or 
lanceolate  segments. 

Calyptra  covering  the  capsule  to  the  base. 
Teeth  cribrosc. 

Calyptra  covering  the  capside  to  the  middle. 
Teeth  narrowly  lanceolate. 

Calyptra  covering  the  capsule  to  below  the 
base,  plicate  and  cleft  at  base.  Teeth  entire. 

Capstde  striate,  urccolate.    Calyptra  cucvllate. 

Calyptra  large,  cucullifonn.  Teeth  .^liort, 
truncate. 

Ijoavos  long,  flexuous,  crisp  when  dry.  Calyp- 
tra hairy. 

Leaves  shorter,  striate  when  dry.  Capsule 
mostly  innnorsed,  8-l()-striate.  Calyptra 
campanulate,  naked  or  hairy. 

Calyptra  campanulate,  plicate,  laciniate  at 
base. 

Calyptra  campanulate,  not  plicate.  Teeth 
spirally  revolute. 

Calyptra  very  large,  cylindrlcal-campanulate, 
covering  the  whole  capsule. 

Calyptra  twisted,  persistent,  plicate,  con- 
stricted at  base,  enclosing  the  capsule. 
Peristome  none. 


4(!.  Qrimmia. 

Snbgen.  Srliislidium. 

Subgen.  l^coulrria. 

.Snbgen.  Gafttfrnr/rimmia. 
Subgon.  Gunibcliii. 

47.  Racomitrium. 

48.  Hedwigia. 
40.  Braunia. 

1.  Leaves  of  close  texture, 
ucullatc  in  n.  '>.']  and  iM), 
absent,  simph;  or  double, 
flat  short  lanceolate  euMre 
10  simple  filiform  cilia  or 

50.  Coacinodon. 

51.  Ptychomitrium. 

52.  Glyphomitrium. 

53.  Amphoridium. 

54.  Drummondia. 

55.  Ulota. 

50.  Orthotrichum. 

57.  Macromitrium. 

58.  Schlotheimia. 

59.  Encalypta. 

60.  Calymperes. 


1 


nUYACK.K. 


31 


f'alyiitr.iciU'iilI.'Uo-dimidiatP.     I'oristonifof  10 
luiri/oiital  tci'Tli.  fi 


I.  Syrrhopodon. 


Tuilti;  VI.  'I'K'riJArillDK.r.  ri;iiit«  tuflod.  I-<'ii\<'s  and  aivolation 
nearly  as  in  llriiin.  I'fiistoiiic  coihimisccI  of  iln'  cflhilar  paiLoflhe 
lid,  divid(>tl  liilo  4  broadly  luiiccolati!  U'olh, 

Caidcscfiit.     Culyptra  thin,  white,  ivddiMli  tit 


apex. 
SU'iidi'ss.      Calyptra  covering  the  capsule  to 
the  base. 


ti'j.  Tetraphis. 

r.:5.  Tetrodontium. 


'I'niiiK  VII.  DISf'KIilK/K.  I'lunis  iifniniiform,  very  small.  Leaves  not 
collate.  Capsule  ovul,  pedicellate.  I'eristonie  of  1((  simple  teeth, 
split  at  base. 

Character  of  tli(!  Tribe.  (U.  Discelium. 

Thiuk  VIII.  SCIIISTOS'lEGE/E.  Plants  annual,  from  a  colored  pro- 
thaiiiuni,  delicate,  dimorphous;  the  stcrih'  fioiidiform.  with  leaves 
verticillate  and  confluent  at  base;  the  fertile  frondiforni  in  the  lower 
part  only,  with  apical  IIowcms  and  a  few  minute  horizontally  tufted 
leaves.     Capsule  small,     reristome  none. 

Single  genus.  05,  Schistostega. 

Tkiui:  IX.  SPLACTIXE/E.  Plants  and  loaves  of  soft  loose  texture.  M.alo 
llowers  discoid.  Capsule  with  an  apophysis  varying  in  shape  and 
size. 

«  Calyptra  mitriform.     Apophysis  not  discolored  by  age. 

Leaves  ovate;  or  spatidate,  obtuse.  Peristome 
of  10  short  or  truncate  teeth.  CO.  Dissodon. 

Leaves  long,  spatulate-acuminatp.  Teeth  of 
the  peristome  long,  attached  below  the  ori- 
lice  of  the  capsule.  07.  Tayloria. 

«  «  Calyptra  small,  conic,  entire  or  ciicullate.     Apophysis  discolored 

by  age. 

Leaves  more  densely  reticulate.  Teeth  solid, 
bigcminatc,  08.  Tetraplodon. 

Leaves  tufted;  arcolation  very  loose.  Apo- 
physis eidarged  after  maturity,  becoming 
subglobose  aiid  colored.  09.  Splachium. 

TniKK  X.  PnV.SCOMITTITK.T:.  Plants  short,  soft.  I-eavos  large;  arco- 
lation very  larixe.  hvaline.  Cajisule  rircly  symnu'trical,  g.'iierally 
cenuious  and  gibbous.  Peristome  absent  or  of  10  teeth,  inclined  to 
the  riiiht,  with  an  inner  membrane  divided  into  irregular  segments 
or  rudimentary. 

Calyptra  large,  tetragonal,  enfolding  the  cap- 
sule. 

Capsule  suhcrlobose.  splittinc  in  the  middle  at 
maturity  without  decoloration  on  the  line  of 
separation. 

Capsule  pyriform.  regularly  dehiscent;  brifioe 
narrow.     Peristome  none. 

Capsule  cernuous  or  pyriform.  Peristome  of 
10  articulate  teeth. 


70.  Pyramidula. 


ri.  Aphanorhegma. 
VI.  Physcomitrium. 
»3.  Entosthodon. 


nP 


32 


BllYACE.'E. 


Ml! 


! 


'■'Ml 

mi 


Capsule  oprnnnns,  or  eroct  at  base,  curved 
al)ovi».  I'eristomo  of  10  teeth  curved  to  the 
rii^ht,  with  an  internal  nienil)rane  rudi- 
mentary or  divided  into  seguierts. 


74.  Funaria. 


TiiiBi:  XI.  BAHTIl.VMIE.E.  Leaves  papillose  on  both  faces;  areolation 
luinute,  cjuadrate  in  the  upper  part  of  the  leaves.  Capsule  nearly 
spherical,  cernuous,  ribbed  when  dry.  Teristome  none,  simple  or 
double. 

Stems  erect,  tomentose,  with  dichotomous 
branches.  Teeth  of  the  peristome,  when 
formed,  attached  to  the  basilar  membrane 
above  the  orifice.  75. 

Plants  small.  Leaves  5-ranked,  imbricate. 
Teeth  of  the  pcn'istomc  connivent  in  a  cone.     70. 

Plants  long,  branching  in  dichotomous  inno- 
vations and  fasciculate  branchlets.  77. 


Bartramia. 

Conostomuin. 

Philonotis. 


TuiBK  XII.  MEESIE^E.  Leaves  3-8-ranked.  Capsule  long-pediccllate 
and  long-necked,  cernuous.  Peristome  double;  outer  teeth  much 
shorter  than  the  10  segments  of  the  carinate  membrane,  absent  in 
Catoscopitim. 

Capsule  vei7  small,  globose,  thick,  black. 
Teeth  of  the  ])oristome  short. 

Leaves  thin,  remote,  very  loosely  areolate, 
pellucid. 

Areolation  of  the  leaves  small,  rectangular, 
chlorophyllose. 

Stems  nearly  simple.  Leaves  abruptly  re- 
flexed  from  the  middle.  Peristome  of 
Weber  a. 


78.  Catoscopium. 
7^^.  Amblyodon. 
80.  Meesia. 


8L  Paludella. 

Tkibe  XIII.  BRYEiE.  Plants  of  various  size.  Leaves  simply  costate, 
generally  dentate;  areolation  cipial,  smooth.  Car  ile  globose,  ovate 
or  pyriform,  cernuous,  hnri/ontal  or  pendent,  very  rarely  erect. 
l*eristonie  generally  double;  teeth  transversely  barred;  inner  mem- 
brane divided  into  segments  alternating  with  the  teeth,  generally 
separated  by  cilia. 

Peristome  simple.  Teeth  narrowly  linear, 
with  nodose  articulation. 

Leaves  narrow,  subulate.  Capsule  long- 
necked.  Peristome  double.  Cilia  appen- 
diculate. 

Leaves  lanceolate,  glossy,  thinly  costate:  are- 
olation narrow,  linear-hexagonal.  Capsule 
shoit-necked.  Inner  membrane  broad ;  cilia 
smooth. 

Capsule  thinner,  long-necked,  horizontal. 
Inner  membrane  narrow:  segments  en- 
tire; cilia  none  or  very  short. 

Cellules  of  the  areolation  rhombic-hexagonal, 
loose,  solid.  Capsule  pyriform,  mostly  reg- 
ular. Teeth  of  the  i)eristomft  lobed;  seg- 
ments adiieriiig  to  tlie  peristome  or  free; 
cilia  fragmentary,  or  2  or  o,  generally  ap- 
pendicuiate.  —  Inner  peristome  free;   mem- 


t>2.  Mielichhoferia. 


83.  Leptobryum. 


84.  Webera,  proper 


Subgen. 


Pohlia. 


I:  I": 


.,(11 


BRYACE.E. 

hrano  l.irije;   spcjments  perfect,  with  2  or  3 
appoiuliculate  cilia. 

Cilia  and  segments  adliering  to  the  tcetli. 

Cilia  and  segments  free;  cilia  more  or  less 
perfect. 

Plants    large.       Comal    leaves    rosulate. 
Flowers  dioecious,  discoid. 

Leaves  soft,  greenisli  white.  Capsule  very 
long-necked,  recurved. 

Plants  at;d  leaves  large.  Upper  leaves  rosu- 
late; arcolatiun  very  large,  round-hexagonal. 

Teeth  of  the  iieristome  short,  adliering  to  a 
long  cupnliforni  reticulated  inner  mem- 
hrane  pierced  at  top  by  the  columella. 

Leaves  long,  solid.  Capsule  obconieal,  cer- 
nuous,  enlarged  at  the  orilice.  Peristome 
double,  perfect. 

Capside  erect,  cylindrical-oblong.  Teeth  long; 
niembiaiie  short,  entire  or  divided  into  seg- 
ments; cilia  none. 

Plants  radiculose-tomentose.  Leaves  densely 
areolate.  Capsule  oblong,  cernuous.  Peri- 
stome oiMitiiiin.  {Sulitrihe  ArLACo:«Nii:.i:. ) 

Leaves  suliecpial :  areolation  ronnil-liexagonal, 
pai)illose  in  the  upper  part.  Capsule  oblong, 
horiz(.ntal,  obscurely  striate.  Peristome 
double;  outer  teeth  connate  at  hase;  inner 
inen)brane  divided  into  notlose  filiform  ap- 
pendiculate  s(>gments  or  cilia  united  in 
fours,     (^"^uhlribe  Timmii:.e. ) 


33 


85.  Brjrum,  proper. 
feul)geu.  I'ljchusiuiuuin. 

ISubgen.  t'ladodium. 

Subgen.  llhodobryum. 

SO.  Zieria. 

87.  Mnium. 

88.  Cinclidium. 

89.  Rhizogonium. 

90.  Leptotheca. 

91.  Aulacomnium. 


92.  Timmia. 


TniBE  XIV.  POLYTRICIIE.T:.  Plants  woody, 
late  inside.  Peristome  simphs  of  ;}2  or  (54 
adherii! ;  to  the  membranous  enlarged  top  of 

Leaves  not  sheathing  at  base.  Calyptra  cu- 
cullate,  spinulose  at  the  apex  only.  Peri- 
stome of  ;52  teeth. 

Leaves  subtubulose  at  apex.  Calyptra  large, 
sparsely  hairy.  Capsule  thin.  Teeth  ir- 
regular. 

Calyptra  very  narrow,  smooth.  Capsule  oval- 
globose,  incurved  and  laterally  compressed. 

Leaves  thick,  clasping  at  base;  lamellie  cover- 
ing the  whole  lamina.  Capsule  cylindrical- 
oblong. 

Plants  large.  Capsule  quadrate  or  hexagonal 
on  a  short  subglobose  apophysis.    Teeth  04. 


Leaves  thick,  lamel- 
solid  linguit'orm  teeth, 
the  columella. 


9.'].  Atrichum. 


94. 

95. 


ro. 

97. 


Oligotrichnm. 
Psilopilum. 

Pogonatum. 
Polytrichum. 


Tiubk  XV.  BUXPAUMIE.E.  Ster.dess  plants  with  large  oblique 
ventricose  capsules.  Peristome  double,  the  outer  rudimentary,  the 
inner  membranous,  twisted  into  a  10-32-plicate  truncate  cone. 

Basilar  leaves  Ungulate.      Capsule  yellowish 

green,  gibbous-ovate.  98.  Diphiscium. 

Leaves  dentate-ciliate,  not  costate.     Capsule 

solid,  blackish.  99.  Euxbaumia. 


m 


( 


I 


it 


, 


34 


BKVACE.E. 


Kkijiks  II.    CLAUOCAIIPI.    Fruit  terminal  on  short  lateral  branolips. 

TuiuK  XVr.  FOXTINAI.EyE,  Aquatic  plants  rootincr  at  base  only, 
lloalintf.  Loaves  ihiii.  Flowers  didvioiis.  Cahplra  cucullate. 
'rcclji  of  tJK'  (loiihle  poristonii'  linear;  inner  nienii)rane  divitled 
into  lonu'  cilia  forming  a  lattieed  cone  by  liansverse  partitions,  or 
the  cilia  free,  longer  tiian  the  teeth,  appendieulate. 

Cilia  united  into  a  cone  by  transverse  parti- 
tions. 100.  Fontinalis. 

Cilia  simple  or  appendieulate,  latticed  in  tLo 
upper  part  only.  101.  Dichelyma. 


Skiuks  III.     PLEUROCAKPI.     Fruit  lateral,  sessile  upon  the  stems 
or  branches.     Flowers  in  axillary  buds. 


|l|i 


■*«■ 


Tiar.K  XVII.  NECKEREvE.  Primary  stems  creeping;  the  secondary 
erect  or  creeping,  with  dichotomous  or  piiniafe  branches.  Leaves 
smooth,  minutely  aroolate.  ('apsule  generally  innnersed  in  the 
periclKutium.  Calyptra  encullate-conical,  often  hairy.  Peristome 
simpli!  or  double,  rarely  absent. 

Peristome  double;  teeth  linear-lanceolate; 
segments  very  narrow,  linear;  cilia  none. 
Calyplra  rongh  or  papillose. 

Peristome  simple.  Vaginule  and  calyptra 
hairy. 

Secondary  stems  dendroid ;  parapliyllia  nudti- 
form.  Peristome  double;  segments  long- 
linear,  enlarg(!d  and  carinate  at  base,  with 
or  without  cilia. 

Plants  erect  or  ]iendent.  Leaves  flat,  glossy. 
Peristome'  double;  inner  membrane  divided 
into  liliform  segments. 

Plants  distichous.  Leaves  diverging  side- 
wise,  cidlriforni.  Capsule  long-pedicellate. 
Peristome  double. 


102.  Cryphaea. 

103.  Leptodon. 

104.  Alsia. 

105.  Neckera. 


Plants  long,  pendent.     Leaves  cordate-clasp- 


ing.   I'eristome  double. 


100.  Homalia. 
107.  Meteorium. 


TuinE  XVIII.  LEUCODOXTE^E.  Primary  stems  creeping;  the  sec- 
ondary erect  or  pendent,  simple  or  ramose.  Leaves  solid,  sub- 
sea  "ions,  plicate  lengthwise;  areolation  in  distinct  rows,  punctiform- 
angular.     Calyptra  large,  cucullate. 

Leaves  deciirrent,  not  costate.  Periston)e 
simple;  teeth  distantly  articulate,  2-3-cleft 
at  ai)ex. 

Leaves  slightly  papillose  on  the  back.  Peri- 
stome double.  Teeth  short;  segments  short, 
imperfect;  cilia  none. 

Leaves  scarious,  glossy;  areolation  very  small, 
smootii.  Calyptra  sparingly  hairy.  Peri- 
stome double;  segments  half  as  long  as  the 
teeth.     Cilia  none. 


108.  Leucodon. 


109.  Pterigynandrum. 


110.  Pterogonium. 


t:ry\ceje. 

Calyptra  sinoitli.  Peristomo  double.  Teeth 
iiarrowly  lanceolate-subulate;  seair:!iits 
shorter  than  the  teeth,  subulate;  basilar 
membrane  none. 


85 


111.  Antitrichia. 


Trihk  XIX.  ITOOKERIE/E.  Plants  small,  soft,  liypnoiil;  areoktion 
lar^e.     Calyptra  conical-mitrate.     Teristome  double. 

Leaves  bicostate,  often  margined,  more  or  less 
distinctly  serrate.  112.  Hookeria. 

Leaves  plane,  largi",  very  obtuse,  not  costate; 
areolation  very  large.  113.  Pterygophyllum. 

TiMiJK  XX.  FATJROXIEyE.  Plants  very  small.  Leaves  thin,  delicate, 
ciliate-ilenlate  or  entire.  Capsme  pyrifoi'm,  with  a  distinct  colhim. 
Calyptra  cucullate,  split  on  one  side.     Peristonie  simple  or  none. 

Leaves  delicate,  not  costate,  dentate-ciliate. 
Calyptra  thin. 

Plants  more  robnst.  Leaves  entire,  thinly 
costate  to  the  middle.  Peristome  double; 
segments  shorter  than  the  teeth. 

Plants  very  small.  Leaves  sqnarrose  when 
moist,  entire.     Peristome  simple. 

Plants  minute.  Leaves  minut(dy  serrulate 
above,  ('apsule  thin,  constricted  under  the 
orilice.  Teeth  of  the  simple  peristome  very 
irregular. 


114.  Fabronia. 

115.  Anacamptodon. 
110.  Habrodon. 

117.  Clasmatodon. 


Tkibe  XXL  LESKEACE.Ti^.  Priinary  stems  creeping.  Leaves  soft, 
areoliition  minute,  hexagonal,  papillose  and  chloropliyllose  above, 
hexagonal-rectangular  below.  C'apsule  synnnetrical,  erect  or  ciuved. 
Peristome  double;  teeth  linear-lanceolate,  subulate;  segments 
shorter  than  the  teeth;  cilia  none  or  rudimentary,  rarely  perfec*;. 


Plants    glaucous    yellow.     Leaves    pellucid; 
C"!ls  conspicuously  papillose.      Capsule  cy- 
lin  liical,  erect;  membrane  broad,  cariuate, 
\  ^l  Hit  segments. 

15i:i:;' iic  julaceous.  Leaves  glaucous  green, 
clos  ■  >  ind)ricate.  Capsule  suberect,  long- 
pediei'llat(>,  inllated  at  the  collum.  Peri- 
stome double,  perfect. 

Plants  small.  Leaves  soft,  costate,  papillose 
on  both  faces  (except  in  one  species).  Cap- 
sule oblong,  erect  or  subarcuate,  thin.  Seg- 
ments of  the  peristome  narrow,  linear;  cilia 
none. 

Leaves  with  a  minute  chloropliyllose  puncti- 
form  obscure  areolation,  papillose  on  both 
faces.  Capsule  erect,  cylindrical-oblong, 
regular.  Teeth  pale;  segments  short,  nar- 
rowly linear. 


lis.  Thelia. 


119.  Myurella. 


120.  Leskea. 


121.  Anomodon. 


TiUBK  XXIL  ORTIIOTIIECIE/E.  Plants  in  wide  yellow  mats.  Leaves 
smooth;  areolation  narrowly  rhomboidal  or  linear,  quadrate  at  the 
basal  angles.     Capsule  erect,  symmetrical.     l\4stDme4lwWe. 

NATIONAL  MUSEUM 


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36 


BllYACE^. 


imi  d« 


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lili'i! 


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W'-'U 


m 


Lcavps  (lonsnly  crowded,  glossy,  not  costato. 
Calyjitra  diinidiato,  long,  twistod.  Sc.g- 
iiit'ius  of  llic,  pcrisloriu!  narrowly  linear,  as 
lonj;  as  the  teclli;  cilia  noiip. 

lioavos  sprradiiitj  or  suiiscciuifl,  not  costato, 
f^lossy.  'i'ccth  of  liio  peristome  liyaline- 
boidcrcd;  .ses^nicnts  lincar-siiijulate,  longer 
than  the  teeth;  cilia  riidiin(>ntary. 

Leaves  long,  thinly  costato.  (^'alyi'  a  hairy. 
Capsnle  soft,  regular.  Membrane  narrow; 
segments  shorter  than  the  teeth,  with  or 
without  cilia. 

Plants  large,  more  or  less  compressed.  Leaves 
costato.  entire,  ('ai)sule  cylindrical,  long- 
pedieellate.  Teeth  distantly  articidate;  seg- 
ments very  narrowly  linear;  cilia  none. 

Plants  huge,  dendroid.  Leaves  in  two  forms, 
siiuamiform  on  tlie  stems.  Calyptra  long, 
dimidiate,  clasping  the  top  of  the  pedicel. 
Capsule  oblong-cylindrical,  long  and  long- 
pedicellate.  .Segments  as  long  as  the  teetli, 
cleft  to  the  base;  cilia  none. 

Plants  yellow.  J^vaves  sulcate,  not  costate. 
Capsule  erect  or  slightly  incurved.  Teeth 
of  the  peristome  hyaline-bordered ;  segments 
as  long,  linear;  cilia  short  or  none. 


V. 


123. 


Platygyriur? . 
Pylaisia. 


124.  Homalothecium. 


125.  Cylindrothecium. 


120.  Climacium. 


127.  Orthothecium. 


Tkibe  XXIIL  IIYPNE^T;.  Plants  of  very  variable  habit.  Leaves  of 
diverse  forms,  spreading  or  squarrose,  rarely  erect,  often  secund  or 
falcate,  with  or  without  costa  or  bicostate  at  base,  generally  scarious, 
smooth  and  glossy;  areolation  parenchytnatous,  more  or  less  nar- 
rowed, sometimes  very  narrow  and  vermicular,  quadrate  and  en- 
largetl  at  the  basal  angles.  Vaginule  attached  to  a  perichiwlial 
generally  rooting  branchlet.  Calyptra  cucullate.  Capsule  long- 
pedicellate,  cernuous  or  horizontal,  more  or  less  Incurved.  Peri- 
stome double,  generally  perfect,  with  2  or  3  cilia  api)cndiculate  or 
articulate.  —  A  single  genus,  represented  in  this  work  by  nearly  200 
species,  divided  into  2S  subgenera,  which  are  considered  as  genera 
by  most  recent  bryologists.  128.  Hypnum. 


Series  I.  ACROCAKPI. 

Fruit  terminal,  becoming  lateral  only  when  thrown  aside  by- 
innovations  from  under  the  flowers. 

A.  CLETSTOCARPT.  —  Capsule  falling  off  with  the  pedicel 
or  from  it  at  maturity,  dehiscing  irregularly  transversely  in  the 
middle  for  the  emission  of  the  spores. 

Tribe  I.  PTTASCE.1i:. 

Plants  very  small,  soft.  Leaves  loosely  areolate.  Capsule 
globular,  immersed,  stibsessile  or  short-pedicellate. 


^1 


l-JlJionrrum.]  I3KYACE.E.  37 

1.  Plants  siemlesSjfrom  a  more  or  less  jjersistent protlialliuni. 

1.  MICROMITRIUM,  Aust. 

Plants  scarcely  visible  without  the  ijlass.  Leaves  ccostato. 
Inflorescence  syna'cious.  Capsule  globose,  apiculate  or  j)oint- 
less.     Calyptra  very  small,  closely  adherent.     Spores  few,  large. 

Scarcely  distinct  from  Ephemcriun. 

1.  M.  megalosporum,  Aust.  Leaves  broadly  ovate 
lanceolate,  obtusely  serrate  :  cai)sule  jtalc,  globose,  a})iculatoj 
vaginule  large,  ovate,  truncate;  calyi)tra  coticentric:  spores 
nearly  smooth.  —  Muse.  Ajipal,  n.  47  ;  Sulliv.  Icon.  ]Musc.  8ui>pl. 
'JO,  1. 1 1.  J'Jj)he)ner(nn  teiicrxm^  Hruch  ;  IJryol.  Eur.  1. 1.  Xano- 
■mitruitn  tenerum^  Lindl).  Manij>.  Muse.  ii.  401). 
ILvn.     On  broken  clayey  i^round,  with  the  following;  very  rare  [Austin). 

Ii.  M.  Austini,  Aust.  Leaves  ojien,  recurved,  lingulate- 
lanccolate,  remotely  serrate  in  the  npj)er  ])art:  capsule  apicu- 
late;  calyptra  concentric:  si)orcs  slightly  pai)illose,  of  \  the 
diameter  of  the  jtreceding.  —  Muse.  ^\ppal.  n.  45;  Sulliv.  Icon. 
Muse,  Supj)!.  21,  t.  12.     KphomcA'ina  Aastini,  SuHiv.  Ms. 

IIa]?.     Wet  ground  in  woods;  Closter,  New  Jersey  [An  din). 

3.  M.  synoicum,  Aust.  Much  like  the  last :  leaves  longer, 
more  distant,  erect,  obscurely  serrulate :  ca^.sule  pointless, 
sometimes  in  pairs  in  the  same  ])erici:.'etium ;  calyptra  gen- 
erally excentric  or  on  one  side  of  the  capsule:  spores  a  little 
smaller  and  papillose.  —  31  use.  Appal,  n.  4G ;  Sulliv.  Icon. 
Muse.  Snppl.  22,  t.  l-J.  Kphemer}i,ii  synoicwn,  James,  Trans. 
Am.  Phil.  Soc.  (18Go),  lOG ;  Sulliv.  &  Lesq.  Muse.  lior.-Ara. 
(2  ed.),  n.  27. 

IlAii.  Sides  of  ditches  in  clayey  ground  near  Camden,  New  Jersey, 
and  around  Philadelphia  [James). 

2.  EPHEMERUM,  Ilampe. 
Pseudo-dia'cious.      Flowers  gemniiform;    female  buds   gre- 
garious upon  the    same   [u-othallium.     Calyj)tra   campanulate. 
Capsule  globose-ovate,  apiculate.     Leaves  nerved,  except  in  the 
first  species.     Plants  slightly  stouter. 

*  Z,eaves  not  cost  ate. 
1.  E.  Serratum,  Ilampe.     Prothallium  dark  green  :  leaves 
oblong  or  lanceolate-acuminate,  coarsely  and  irregularly  serrate 


u:     t 


\ 


W- 


\  >■■ 


'^m 


\  m 


!  .!.iti 


■  r^ 


\w 


Vl      I 


38 


BRYACE^. 


[Ephcmcrum. 


or  subciliate  :  cnpsulo  dark  i)uri)le,  sliininG:.  —  Liiina?a,  xii.  552; 
Mucll.  Syn.  i.  31  ;  liryol.  Eur.  1. 1.  J^/uiscuin  serratuni,  Selireb. 
Phase.  1),  t.  2;  Sulliv.  iMosses  of  U.  States,  14. 

Var.  angUStifolium,  Sthiini).  ]a:ivc's  narrower,  linear- 
lanceolate,  obtusely  and  distantly  serrate:  eajtsule  smaller, 
lon<:jer  ])edieellate,  olobcse-ovate  to  eonieal,  more  distinctly 
a])icidate  :  s])ores  smaller.  —  Jijj/ie)Jie}'U)Ji  niinatissiniwn,  Lindb. 
Mani]).  Muse.  ii.  411. 

IlAii.  Broken  fields,  on  the  ground,  in  uliitor  or  early  spiing. 
Closter,  New  Jersey  (Austin);  California  (JJolander).  The  variety  at 
Canihridge,  Massachusetts  (Juiiies},  and  at  the  Carlton  House,  Saskatch- 
ewan (D)'ummond). 

i/e  #  -Leaves  costate. 

2.  E.  crassinervium,  Ilampe.  Leaves  loniT,  lanceolate, 
subulate,  tlexuous,  erect,  more  or  less  coarsely  and  irregularly 
serrate  on  the  borders  toward  the  apex  and  on  the  back  of  the 
costa,  which  is  flatter  and  often  disaj)i)ears  at  the  base,  but  is 
continuous  to  the  apex  :  capsule  short-])edicellate  :  s])ores  large, 
papillose.  —  Muell.  Syn.  i.  38;  Sulliv.  Icon.  Muse.  17,  t.  8. 
I^hascwn  cvo'^dnerviinn^  Schwaeg.  Su])pl.  i.  4,  t.  2;  Sulliv. 
Mosses  of  U.  States,  14. 

Had.     Moist  clay  ground  and  open  fields;  common  and  very  variable. 

3.  E.  spinulosum,  Bruch  «fc  Schimj).  Differs  from  the 
last  in  the  narrow  very  soft  leaves  having  the  costa  (loosely 
arcolatc  and  effaced  near  the  base)  cxcurrent  into  a  long  soft 
hyaline  spinulose  arista,  and  in  the  loosely  areolate  membrane 
of  the  capsule.  —  Schimp.  Syn.  G,  and  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xiv. 
139.     Plidsrum  crassiiierviuin,  var.  (?),  Sulliv.  1.  c,  14. 

Haij.     Same  as  the  preceding. 

4.  E.  papillosum,  Aust.  Closely  allied  to  HJ.  crassiner- 
vium,  dilfering  in  the  narrower  leaves,  with  equally  distant 
serratures  and  papillose  on  both  sides,  and  in  the  mitriform 
caly|>tra,  distinctly  pajiillose.  —  Muse.  Appal,  n.  50;  Sulliv. 
Icon.  Muse.  Suppl.  19,  t.  10. 

II An.     On  thin  soil,  upon  rocks;  Palisades,  Xew  Jersey  [Aiifitin). 

5.  E.  hystrix,  Lindb.  Plants  larger  :  leaves  slightly  ex- 
ceeding the  cajisule,  open-erect  or  subsecund,  rigid,  canaliculate- 
carinate,  narrowly  lanceolate-snbul:;t(>,  very  acute,  long-spinu- 
l.)se  ui)on  both  si<les  and  <in  the  margins;  costa  thick,  not  dis- 
tinctly defined,  contintious,  nearly  fdling  the  subulate  point: 


Pliyscondtrclla.] 


BRYACE.E. 


31) 


ca})Sulo   sessile,  larcje,  globose,   very    shortly   ooiiio-rostellato ; 

calyjttra  minutely  jjapillose:  sjiores  very  !arL::e,  mimitely  tuher- 

culate.  —  Maiii|).  .Aliise.  ii.  411.     J^/iusciiin  ttcn'ttfiitn^  var.  an- 

(/ustijbliuni,  Drumiii.  IMusc.  Bor.-Ain.  (Coll.  U.)  ii.  i',  in  part. 

IIah.     LoiiisiuiKV,  with  L\  splnnlotiitm  (JJrnuunond). 
This   species,   hke   tlio   two  prccoiliiiLT.    is  ;ipi>;uviitly  only  a  murkeil 
variety  of  the  polymorphous  and  eonunon  L\  rr(i,-<sl)i(;rvi>iin. 

0.  E.  COhSBrens,  Muell.  Prothnllinni  thin,  yellowish 
green  :  leaves  ovate  or  obloni^'-laneeolate,  dentieulate  above  ; 
costa  eft'aeed  at  base,  continuous  upward  to  the  apex  :  eaiisiile 
sub<rl()lK)se  with  a  short  obtuse  point,  piwi)lish  brown.  —  Syn. 
i.  32;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  1.  PJiascum  coJiarens^  II(mIw.  Sp.  Muse. 
25,  t.  1,  li.gs.  1-G  ;  SuUiv.  Mosses  of  V.  States,  l-'). 

IlAii.     Chiv  hnuks  along  streams,  eonunon  and  variatjle. 

7.  E.  Stenophyllum,  Schimp.  Leaves  ereet,  narrowly 
lanceolate-subulate,  serraie  or  nearly  entire  at  the  apex;  costa 
loosely  areolate,  scarcely  distinct  except  toward  the  apex  where 
it  passes  into  a  short  entire  ])oint ;  cells  chl()roj)hyllose.  — 
Syn.  (1  ed.),  5.  l^Iiascum  stenophylhon,  \o\i.  K.  svi^sile^ 
Muell. ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  2 ;  Sidliv.,  1.  c,  14.  ]\.  pullidam^ 
Schimp.  Syn.  (2  ed.),  5;  recorded  as  sent  by  Sullivant  in  1842. 

Hau.     On  clay  soil,  Ohio;  Clostcr,  New  Jersey  {Aaaihi). 

2.  Plants  icith  short  stems :  inotludlium  iioiie. 

3.  PHYSOOMITRELLA,  Schimp. 
Stems  radiculose  at  base.     Leaves  sj)readiui^  or  rcflexcd,  nar- 
rowly costate,  dentate.     Capsule  thii.,  soft,  <j:lobose.     Calyptra 
campanidate,  fugacious,  vesicular  when  young. 

1.  P.  patens,  Schimp.*  l*lants  subcespitosc,  jiale  green: 
stem  veiy  short :    leaves  ovate-lanceolate,  the  upper  obovate- 

*  Apiiaxoiikoma  seuijatum,  Sulliv.,  differs  from  this  species  only  in 
the  regular  dehiscence  of  the  capsule,  which  divides  in  the  middle  and  is 
therefore  considered  as  operculate  or  stegocarpou^,  tiiou^h  no  (lin.'oloration 
nor  any  kind  of  modilication  of  texture  is  ohservahh-  on  the  line  of  dis- 
ruption. But  for  this  regular  dehiscence  Aplianorcgnia  sliould  be  de- 
scribed here  merely  as  a  variety  of  Ph>/ficomttrella  patrus.  It  is  there- 
fore a  remarkable  connecting  link  between  the  EphcDierPd'  and  the 
PIn/sronnlri'.'d  .  which  resemble  v.vh  other  also  in  tlie  areolation  of  tlie 
leaves.     It  is  from  these  considerations  that  Lindljerg  and  some  other 


!■ "  , 


i  V-  * 


1; 

'  1 

i 

1 

i 

a, 

4 

m 

1      ■ . 

'if 

fl 

H 

i-^f| 

fl 

■ 

■ :( 

1 

H 

m 

\ 

f 

I^^H 

in 

c 

■■ 

i 

1 

1 

40 


UUYACEyE. 


[Si)li(jcran'jiuin. 


acuniiiiiitc,  rosiilato,  serrate  above,  costate  to  near  tlit;  n)icx  : 
aiitheridia  sessile  in  the  a\il  ot"  a  leaf,  or  in  younii;  plants  termi- 
nal in  the  buds  and  beeoniin<^  latei'al  by  the  ni(j\vlh  ot'  the 
female  tlower  :  eai)sule  immersed,  or  pedicellate  and  exserted. — 
Bryol.  Enr.  t.  'd.  J'hascuDi  2)atejts,  lledw.  iStirp.  Cry])t.  i.  28, 
t.  10;  8ulliv.  Mosses  of  U.  States,  \o. 

ILvn.     AVet  clayey  or  sandy  grouud  in  bottoms,  on  the  banks  of  rivers, 
etc. ;  not  rare  in  Ohio. 


M; 


\'W\     ■  I ' 


nr. 


li;    '  ;1 


4.  SPH^RANGIUM.  Schimp. 

Plants  gcmmiform,  very  small,  greg;n-iour,  or  irregularly 
loosely  eespitosc.  Lower  leaves  very  small,  tiio  upper  very 
large,  subconvolutc-imbrieated  or  clustered  in  a  small  bulb- 
like head,  concave  or  carinate,  costate,  minutely  ])apill(jse  on 
the  back  or  on  both  sides.  ]M;de  and  female  tlowei-s  eoiiering, 
or  rooting  as  distinct  ]>lants.  Capsule  either  short-pedicellate 
and  erect  or  on  a  longer  slender  curved  pedicel,  sj)herical, 
enclosed  in  the  ].ericha'tium.  Calyptra  erect,  very  small, 
mitriform.  Spores  small,  subglobose,  minutely  granulose, 
brown. 

1.  S.  muticum,  Schimp.  Plant  yellowish  brown  :  lower 
and  middle  leaves  ovate-acuminate,  more  or  less  recurved  at  the 
apex  and  mucronate  by  the  excurrent  costa  ;  upper  leaves  two, 
rarely  three,  twice  as  large  as  the  lower,  mucronate  by  the 
excurrent  recurved  costa  or  irregularly  erose  at  the  apex :  cap- 
sule short-])edicellate,  erect,  slightly  mamillate  at  top,  orange. 
—  Syn.  ]\Iusc.  13.  Phascwn  nmticum,  Schreb.  Phase,  t.  1, 
fig.  11,  12  ;  Sulliv.  ^Nfosses  of  U.  States,  15.  Acaidon  )Huticum, 
Muell.  Syn. ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  4. 

IIah.     ("alifornia  {^'ohtndcr). 

2.  S.  rufescens.  Plants  greenish  yellow:  lower  leaves 
very  small,  ecostate,  the   u])i)cr  very  large,  convolute   in   an 

authors  include  the  ^enns  Ephemerum  as  the  lowest  meml)er  of  the  Phijs- 
comitriccv.  We  have  liere  retained  the  classification  followed  by  the 
recent  authors  whoso  woi-ks  arc  more  gonorally  known  and  more  acces- 
sible to  students, — Sehimper,  Wilson,  Snllivant,  etc.,  —  not  merely  be- 
cause it  has  boon  adopted  by  all  American  bryologists,  but  because  it  is  by 
far  the  simplest,  and  the  most  serviceable  in  the  study  of  mosses. 


K,\ 


Pluiitcum.] 


BllYAf  i:.E. 


41 


obtusely  totraixoiial  lioad,  (l(H'i)ly  concave,  cusjiitlatc  by  tlie 
thick  excurrent  costa,  denticulate  or  cruse  at  the  apex:  male 
buds  sessile  at  the  base  of  the  fertile  ones:  ca]iside  on  an  erect 
iiexuous  or  arcuate  pedicel.  —  Avdulon  ruftxcciu^^  A.  .Fae^cr, 
Muse.  C'K'ist.  1'.).  Acauloa  (r/'jintrum,  var.,  SuUiv.  ct  ]a'S([. 
Muse.  IJor.-Ani.  Kxsicc.  ('2  ed  ),  n.  'M. 

IJah.     Very  coinuioii  in  tin,'  Eusterii  iiiul  Central  States. 

This  spi'cifs  is  inli'iiiiidiuto  bctwi'ou  the  last  ami  thi'  next  foilowins?, 
and  so  iR-ar  to  botli  tliat  il  is  (iitliciilt  to  indicate  a  CDiistant  s}H'cirKr 
ciianu'tcr.  Tlic  color  of  the  nioredistiuL'tly  triaiij^tilar  pcriclnL-tiuiii,  as  ufll 
as  the  occasionally  longer  and  curved  podict;l,  refers  it  to  S.  Iruimtrniii ; 
but  ill  the  generally  short  and  straight  pedicel,  the  loavtis  not  at  all  or 
scarcely  revohitt;  on  the  margin  and  more  distinctly  cr()sc-iU'nli(.'iilat(;  at 
the  aiu'x.  and  the  bidb-like  heads  indistinctly  triiiuetrous,  it  approaclies 
8.  iitutlctiiii. 

3.  S.  triquetrum,  Schinii).  Plants  ])ale  green  or  yellowisli, 
distinctly  tricjuetrous:  lower  leaves  small,  somewhat  nerveless, 
tiie  middle  broadly  ovate  ami  costate,  and  the  termimtl  dei'ply 
carinate,  rcMcxed  on  the  margins,  minutely  erose  at  the  a])ex, 
mucronate  by  the  excurrent  recurved  point  of  thecostu:  cap- 
sule ]»endent  from  a  longer  arcuate  pedicel.  —  Syn.  iMusc.  14. 
J*/i(/sci()ii  tri(j/fe(ruNi,  Sj»ruce,  Engl.  Bot.  Sui)])l.  t.  lilXH  ;  .Sulliv. 
Mosses  of  U.  States,  15.      Acaulou  tri(jtoetru))i,  Muell.  Syn. ; 

Bryol.  Eur.,  t.  4. 

II Alt.  Open  soil;  Xew  England  (Inr/rnham,  Jimcs)\  Xew  Jersey 
{/instill);  Sautee  Canal,  South  Carolina  (liavcncl)]  Saskatchewan 
{Druiiiiiiond). 

4.  S.  Schimperianum.  Plants  s-parsely  gregarious,  ovoid- 
bulbiforni :  leaves  closely  imbricate,  ♦^^hc  lower  small,  ecostatc, 
the  ui)i)er  much  larger,  dee|)ly  concave,,  recurved  at  the  apex, 
papillose  on  both  faces,  recurved  on  the  nuirgin,  ero.-e-dentate 
in  the  upjier  part,  the  costa  api)earing  below  the  apex  vm]  ex- 
current  into  a  long  ]»oint:  ca])Side  globose,  scarcely  mamillate, 
orange-colored,  h(n"izontally  inclined  by  a  curve  of  the  some- 
what long  pedicel. — l^Jtascum  /Sc/ii))i2)crlanum,  Sulliv.  flosses 
of  IT.  States,  15.  Acaulon  ^chii/^perianioii,  Sulliv.  Icon.  Muse. 
18,  t.  9. 

Hab.     San  Marcos,  Texas  (Wright);  Athens,  Illinois  (E.  Uall). 

5.  PHASOUM,  Linn.,  in  part.     (PI.  1.) 
Plants  more  rol)ust,  distinctly  caulescent.     Leaves  costate ; 
cells  of  the  areolation  loose,  hexagonal-rectangular  and  hjaliue 


Hii 


Ml 


;M 


HI 


ill 


m 


42 


BIIYACE^.. 


[PliaHCum. 


H 


I  ii' 


on  the  1()W(M'  part,  mo. o  tlonso,  (jiuulrate  or  roun(l-iR'.\;i^  luil  in 
the  ii|i|p('r,  I'Mowi'rs  inoiKL-cioiis ;  tlie  iiialo  <;c'iiiMiaci'ou.s  (in 
Aiin'ricaii  sjiccjcs),  upon  tliu  stem  at  the  base  of  the  hranches 
or  naked  in  tiie  axil  of  a  perichujtial  leaf.  Capsule  pedicellate, 
Knl)-L;lol)()S('  or  ovate-oblonu',  ai)ienlate  or  oljtnsely  roslellatc. 
Calyjitra  eucullate.     Columella  |)ersistent. 

1.  P.  Oarniolicum,  Web.  &  Mohv.      Plants  minute,  ccs- 

j)itulose:    stems   short,    simple   or   bilid :     lower    leaves    small, 

lanceolate,  the  upper  and  eomal  lon<j;-lance<)late,  spreadin^^  or 

erect,  incurved,  comjdieate  when  dry  ;  eosta  strong",  percurrent 

or  oxcurrent  into  a  short  point;  areolation  ch!oro]»hyllose  in  the 

upper  ]>art:    male  flowers  at   the  base  of  the  stems:    capsule 

slu)rt-j»edicellate,  std)^iobose,  obtusely  pointed,  shiniii-j,',  reddish 

brown.  —  JJot.  Taschenb.  GU  and  450  ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  -).     Acau- 

loii  CaDn'olicitni,  Muell.  Syn.  i.  2'{. 

IIau.  Silicious  soil  and  slonos  on  the  plains  of  Western  Kansas  {E. 
Hall). 

2.  P.  CUSpidatum,  Schreb.  Plants  subcespitoso:  stems 
tjliort  and  simple,  or  divided  by  l)asilar  innovations  or  ilai;elliforni 
branehes:  leaves  close,  shutting  up  in  the  gemmules  on  the 
short  stems  or  erect-spread ing,  more  or  less  <listant,  ovate- 
lanceolate,  the  terminal  carinate-concave,  long-acuminate,  cuspi- 
date by  the  more  or  less  excurrent  round  costa,  very  entire, 
somewhat  rcvolute  in  the  lower  part ;  areolation  minutely 
])apill()se :  ca])sule  on  a  short  straight  or  slightly  curved  j)edicel, 
immersed,  globose  or  rarely  ovate,  obtusely  acuminate,  reddish 
brown.  —  Phase.  8,  t.  1  ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  5. 

Var.  piliferum,  Bruch  &  Schimp.     Costa  prolonged  into  a 

long  iiliform  ])oint :  ca]>sule  larger;  j>edicel  generally  curved. — 

P.  pi/i/enwi,  Schreb.,  1.  e.,  t.  1,  fig.  7. 

iLviJ.  Dry  soil  in  old  iiclds,  on  the  borders  of  meadows,  alonj?  fences, 
ete.  Both  the  normal  form  and  the  variety  are  very  common.  Other 
varieties  are  enumerated  by  European  authors,  but  are  easily  njferred  to 
the  type. 

3.  P.  bryoides,  Dicks.  Loosely  ccsi)itosc  or  oocnsionally 
densely  tufted,  the  plants  short,  prostrate  when  old  ;  innova- 
tions basilar :  leaves  small,  distant,  ovate-lanceolate,  the  upper 
oblong-lanceolate,  cusjiidate  by  the  excurrent  costa,  concave, 
entire  and  margins  reciu-vod :  calyptra  large,  yellowish,  reach- 
ing the  middle  of  the  capsule  :  capsule  emerging  on  a  long  thick 


J  ■ ' 

E. -J 


PleuriJiwn.] 


liKYACE^. 


4;i 


pedicel,  oval  or  oblotiii,',  sli;;litly  iiicui'vei],  Ljr;idu;illy  narrowed 
into  an  ohtiise  heak,  lirown.  —  Crypt,  t'asc.  4,  t.  1<>,  li^-.  .'! ; 
Jiryol.  Kur.  t.  0.  /^  iji/mintMonioidtjs^  livid.  Dryol.  I'niv.  i.  JS. 
I^ottla  bri/oiden,  Lindl).  'I'ridiost.  10. 

II  AH.  Oil  tlie  south  sido  of  a  hill  near  Oiiklund,  Califoniui  (/>o/a)itZc'j'); 
very  I'iii'o  in  the  UiiiU-d  .stales. 

6.  PLEURIDIUM,  lirid. 

Plants  annnal,  or  persisting  by  innovations   from    the  apex 

after  the  maturing  of  the  fruit.     Leaves  (jhlonLC  at  base,  l;inci'o- 

late-snbnlate,  obtusely  serrate   at  the  apex,  eostate,  the  npper 

tufted.     Calyptra  eiietillate.     Capsule   ovate-<^lol)()sc;   or  ovat(>- 

ai)ieulate,  .smooth,  shining,  .short-pedicellate.  —  Phutioun.,  Linn. 

and  authors,  in  ])art. 

*  Floiccrs  hiscn'ual. 

L  P.  SUbulatum,  IJrueh  &  Sehimp.  Plants  respitose, 
yellowish  green:  lower  leaves  ovate-laneeolate,  erect,  the  u])j)er 
lanceolate-subulate,  erect-spreading  or  subsecund,  much  exceed- 
ing the  top  of  the  eapside  ;  costa  broa<l,  reaching  to  the  obscurely 
serrate  apex  :  antheridia  naked  in  the  axils  of  |)ei'icha'tial  leaves: 
cai)side  globose-ovate,  ajjieidate.  —  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  9.  I^hascum 
stihidatnin,  Sclireb. ;  Sulliv.  Mosses  of  L'^.  Stsites,  1(3. 

Var.  stramineum,  Le.sq.  Plants  pale  yellow  ;  stems  with 
long  slender  Hagelliforui  innovations  and  short  distant  leaves  ; 
comal  leaves  more  abruptly  narrowed  at  the  apex. —  Plaiiridiurn 
strarnincH))},  Sidliv.  &  Lesq. ;  Austin,  Bull.  Torr,  Clid),  vi.  14*2. 
/*.  subtihdion,  Lesq.  Trans.  Am.  Phil.  Soc.  xiii.  "J.  P.  subu- 
latH})i,  var.,  "Watson,  Bot.  C.dif.  ii.  o50. 

IIaij.  Dry  hills  and  old  fields;  rare.  Pennsylvania  (James);  Cali- 
fornia (liolander). 

Tlio  variety  was  at  first  admitted  as  a  species  and  figured  for  a  plate  of 
Sullivant's  Icones.  It  is  intermediate  between  the  typical  form  and  the 
following. 

'2.  P.  Ravenelii,  Aust.  Differs  from  the  last  in  its  sliorter 
stems,  the  comal  leaves  broader,  lanceolate  or  ovate-oblong  in 
the  lower  j)art,  earinate,  the  costa  exenrrent  into  a  more  or  less 
elongated  smooth  awl-shaped  jioint,  the  ca])sule  a  little  larger 
and  broadly  apiculate.  —  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  vi.  14'2. 

IIau.  Light  sandy  soil.  South  Carolina  (Ravcnel);  New  Jersey  and 
New  England  (Au--<tin,  licunctt,  Jesiip). 


I 


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4 


44 


im:ya(i:,k. 


[PUuriilium. 


pi 


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r 


*  *    FUnrem  rnonrtcious  ;  in<th  phoitu  (innrnt/orui,  (i.i'UI<n'>j. 

:•.  P.  alternifolium,  !>ri«l.,  in  part.  IM.mts  f.si.iti.sr,  at 
first  siiii|»li'  Mini  crrct,  iirtcf  a  yt-ar  lu'comiii,^'  prustfali'  ami 
braiicliiii^  in  l"ii'4  llam'llil"onii  iiin<>vati<»iis :  cuiiial  leaves 
cnlarncil  at  the  ovati-  base,  abruptly  narrowftl  into  a  sirmlcr 
a\vl-slia|>c(l  slightly  sciTiilati'  jtniiit,  lilliMl  l»y  the  wtoiil  <'\- 
c'uriH'iit  c'osta:  ('a))siik'  ovato  or  «ul»gl(>l»(>se,  (>l)Iiijii('ly  a|iii'ulati' : 
caly|itra  Mplit  to  near  the  aciiniiiiate  aj»i'x.  —  IJryol.  I'air.  t.  10. 
J^/kisi'iiiii  alti'i'iiljoliiiiii^  Siilliv.  Mosses  of  \J.  States,  Lk 

Var.  Lancastriense,  SuUiv.  it  J^es(i.  Leaves  lon^^'er; 
areola!  ion  more  dense:  ea]»sule  more  obtusso  :  sjiures  larL^cr. — 
itluse.  IJor.-Am.  Exsiec.  (ed.  I),  n.  iiO. 

\-M'.  robustum,  Sniliv.  it  Lesq.  Plants  twice  as  lon^  as  in 
the  common  form:  comal  leaves  shorter:  spores  lar^e.  —  Same, 
n.  31.     Archklliun  Lescwii^  Aust.  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  vi.  144. 

IlAii.     Open  ficlils,  on  sandy  anil  clay(\v  grouml ;  very  oounuon. 

Tlic  lirsl  viir'u'ty  at  Lancaster,  Ohio,  with  lintcliid  Sitllivnntll ;  the.  last 
on  tli(!  Kaccoon  MtMintalas,  Alabama,  in  hiuniil  ilcpn'S.sions  oii  sanilstouo 
rocks,  witii  llnirliid  SulUiiantU,  var.  nigricans  (LcHqucrcnx). 

4.  P.  Sullivantii,  Aust.  Plants  ^nvtifarious :  stems  rii;i(l, 
juhiceous ;  innovations  lilif(trm,  nearly  as  long  as  the  stems: 
leaves  closely  imbricate  and  aj»j)ressed,  the  lower  ovate- 
mucronate,  denticulate,  the  upj»er  enlarixed,  longer  jiointed, 
obscurely  sc  rrate  ;  jiericha'tial  leaves  much  lonijer,  oblonji-ovate, 
abruptly  cuspidate,  erose-serrate  above  ;  costa  thick,  ]>ercurrent 
or  excurrent :  cai»sule  lar<xe,  round-ovate,  short-))edicellate,  ob- 
tusely mamillate  ;  calyjttra  larL!;e,  campanulate,  obtusely  acumin- 
ate.—  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  vi.  142.  l^lKisciim  yiervositrn,  I3rumm. 
Coll.  n.  (5;  Sulliv.  ]Mosses  of  U.  States,  IG.  I^leuridtum  ner- 
vosum, Sulliv.  Icon.  Muse.  19,  t.  10. 

IIai!.  Pennsylvania  {Dntinmond)',  South  Carolina,  on  light  sandy  soil 
(liacoii I).  P/kiucu))!  nen'osiDii,  Hook.,  a  species  of  the  Cape  of  Good 
Hope,  is  evidently  different. 

5.  P.  Bolanderi,  ^Nfuell.  Lc.ives  long-lanceolate  and  sul)u- 
lute,  minutely  denticulate  from  the  middle  upward,  with  a  pale 
excurrent  costa :  capsule  ovate,  obliquely  apiculate,  short- 
pedicellate  ;  calyptra  dimidiate,  often  sj)lit,  blackened  at  the 
apex.  —  Jaeger,  Muse.  Cleist.  82. 

IIar.     Xear  San  Francisco,  California  (Bolander). 

Distinguished  from  other  species  of  the  genus  by  the  leaves  obscurely 
serniliite  from  the  middle  upward,  by  the  pale  costa,  the  short-pedicellate 
capsule,  and  tlie  top  of  the  calyptra  appearing  as  if  burned. 


H; 


Brnchid. 


IJUYACK/E. 


7.  MICROBRYUM,  Schlmp. 
I'lfints  very  Bmall,  grci^arioiis  or  siilx't'sjiitoso,  pjonitniforin. 
TiOavt'S  tnoiT  clost'ly  arcolatc,  stroiiLcIy  (•«)statt\  iiiiiiiilfly  pai'il- 
losi'  on  tlic  hack.  Flowers  iiiorid'cious  :  antlicri'lia  very  small 
in  tlic  axils  of  the  coma!  leaves.  Capsule  osatc,  olitiisi  ly  apic- 
tjjale,  ei'cet  upon  a  short  pedicel.  Calyptra  reMilii!!'.;'  to  lluj 
nii<Mle  ot"  the  capsule,  plurilol)ate,  S])lit.  on  one  side. 

1.  M.  Floerkeanum,  Schini|».  Leaves  ojicn,  erect,  slightly 
curved  l»ack  at  the  to|i;  the  lower  small,  ovate-apiculate,  eos- 
tate  to  the  midtlli',  more  densely  areolate  ;  the  upper  hroadly 
ovate,  mueronato  by  the  stiff  hrown  sharp  point  of  th(>  excurrent 
costji ;  cells  of  the  areolation  at  baso  loose  and  hyaline,  in  the 
upper  j)art  small,  yellowish-chlorophyllose.  —  Syn.  ."Muse.  11. 
Phaacntn  J'^crkoniHtn,  Web.  tfc  ]Mohr;  Schwaenr.  Suppl.  i.o, 
t.  3.     Ac(ttil())t  Flo'rk'eiDim))^  Muell. ;   IJi-yol,  Vaw,  t.  :>. 

IIau.  Vory  raro;  found  in  Illinois  by  E.  Hull,  a  fow  plants  only, 
mixed  with  Potlia  subscssUls. 


4 


I 


u 


'I 


8.  BRUCHIA,  Sclnvac-r.     (PI.  1.) 

Plants  ijreiyarious,   short,  simple  or   spariiiLrly  dichotomous. 

Stem-leavos  small,  distant,  the  upi>er  an<l  comal  crowded,  much 

lont^er,  all   costato  to  the  a)»ex  ;  basilar  areolation  hexa^'onal- 

rcctantjnlar,   narrower  u]>v,ard.       Capsule   with   a  loni;   solid 

collum  (without  collum  in  li.  p<dn8tris)^  oval,  rostellate,  enu'ri;- 

ing  on  a  more  or  less  cloni^ated  pedicel.     Calyi)tra  thin,  lubato 

or  lacerate  at  base,  mitriform. 

1.  B.  palustris,  INfuell.     ITypoixynous :    plants   cespitose  : 

lower  leaves  <listant,  ovate-lanceolate,   narrowly  costate;    the 

upper  and  comal  much  longer,  abrujttly  narrowly  subulate  from 

a  lanceolate  base ;   costa   stout,  excurrent   into  a  lonijj   scMui- 

cylindrical   awn:  antheridia  nake<l  in  the  axils  of  pericluetial 

leaves :    capsule  rather  larcre,  ovate-acuminate,  |»ale  yellow.  — 

Syn.  i.  19.     Pleuridium  palustre,  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  10.     P/i/iscum 

pnlnstrc,  Sulliv.  Mosses  of  U.  States,  10.     Sporledera  j)alustris^ 

Scliimp. 

II AH.     Sandy  soil;   rare.     Louisiana  CDrummond)',   Durlinglon,  Xow 
Jersey  (James). 


W- 


•  I 


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46 


BHYACK.E. 


[BrucJda, 


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3  uf 


m 


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I     '     I 


-.  B.  flexuosa,  IMuoll.  Stems  coiTi])arutivcly  long,  curved 
downu  ard  at  base  :  stcin-loavcs  distant,  very  small,  narrowly 
lanceolate-subulate,  obscurely  serrate  at  the  apex :  dowers 
monceeious  or  parreeious  ;  linthcridia  in  the  axils  of  comal  leaves 
or  in  sejtarate  buds.  —  JJot.  Zeit.  v.  1)1).  Phascam  Jkxiwsum^ 
Scliwaeifv  Suf)pl.  ii.  1,  t.  101. 

Var.  microcarpa,  Wils.  Very  slender :  leaves  very  nar- 
rowly subulate,  the  entire  m.'u-gin  obscurely  serrulate  :  ca])sule 
narrow,  longer  ajticulate,  long-pedicellate. —  B.  vncrocarpa^ 
Wils.;  Drunim.  ]Musc.  Amer.  (Coll.  II.),  n.  J 4.  Sjwrlcdera 
sctlfoU%  Jaeger,  ]\[usc.  Cleist.  i)5. 

ILvn.     Clayey  ground  in  fields,  mixed  with  the  following. 

o.  B.  Sullivantii,  Aust.  Similar  to  the  last,  differing 
merely  in  the  short  stems  and  narrowly  ovate-lanceolate  leaves, 
the  u))per  somewhat  longer  and  elongated  lanceolate-subulate, 
subj»a})illose,  the  areolation  more  compact  and  texture  more 
solid.  —  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  vi.  143.  B.  Jlexuosa,  Sulliv.  Icon. 
Muse.  22  (excl.  descr.),  t.  13. 

Var.  nigricans.  Leaves  shorter :  capsule  with  a  shorter 
collum  :  spores  larger.  —  B.  Jltxiiosa,,  var.  nigricans^  Sulliv. 
Mosses  of  U.  States,  17  ;  Sulliv.  &  Lcsq.  Mujc.  Bor.-Am.  Exsicc. 
n.  33.     Ii.  7iiffricans,  Austin,  1.  c. 

Had.  With  the  preceding;  the  variety  on  borders  of  depressions  filled 
with  water  and  Co)\l'en-cc  at  the  top  of  the  llaccoon  Mountains,  Alabama 
(Lcsqueraix). 

The  variety  is  evidently  duo  to  immersion,  as  higher  upon  the  dry  sand 
o*'  the  borders  of  tho  depressions  the  moss  gradually  assumes  its  normal 
form. 

4.  B.  Bolanderi,  Lcsq.  Monnecious,  densely  grc^^arious  or 
subccfjuiose,  |)ale  green  :  stem-leaves  distant,  lanceolate,  the 
comal  erect-spreading,  short-subulate  from  the  lanceolate  slightly 
etdarged  base;  costa  broad,  flat,  vanishing  below  the  obtusely 
serrulate  apex ;  pericluetial  leaves  tubulose,  narrowdy  lanceolate 
from  the  middle :  male  flowers  in  separate  buds  u})on  the 
ju'imary  ])rostrate  stems  :  capsule  erect  or  slightly  oblique,  long- 
necked,  u])on  a  long  flexuous  thick  pedicel;  calypt.a  short, 
split  to  the  middle  on  one  side.  —  Mem.  Calif.  Acad.  i.  5 ; 
Sulliv.  Icon.  Muse.  Supj.l.  23,  t.  14. 

ITau.     WestfalTs  ^leadow,  near  IJigtrce  Grove,  Mariposa  County,  Cali- 
fornia, at  8,000  feet  altitude  (liolanOvr). 
The  species  is  alllod  to  tho  European  Ii.  Foj/esmca,  Schwaegr.,  differing 


m' 


Bruchia.] 


BKYACEyE. 


47 


espcciiilly  in  tho  shorter  loaves,  the  perichoctial  longer  and  more  or  loss 
tubulu-c,  ill  the  sliort  beak  and  colluiu  of  the  capsule,  the  thick  pcilicel, 
etc. 

5.  B.  Beyriclliana,  Mudl.  Stems  short,  simple  :  leaves 
curved  w  hen  dry,  o[ien-ereet  when  moist,  those  of  the  stem  nar- 
rowly lanceolate,  the  comal  gradually  long-subulate  from  the 
enlarged  base,  obscurely  serrulate  at  the  aj)cx  :  flowers  jianc- 
cious :  capsule  solid,  oblong,  "with  a  short  indistinct  collum, 
subiunnersed,  its  top  not  surpassing  the  leaves;  ]»edic'el  short, 
tiexuous  ;  calyptra  large,  broadly  laciniate,  covering  the  capside 
to  its  base.  —  Bot.  Zeit.  v.  91> ;  Sulliv.  Icon.  Muse.  Suppl.  lJ5, 
t.  15,  jiartly  made  ujion  sjiecimens  of  the  next  species.  >N/>o;7e- 
dera  I>ei/richia)ia^  Ilampe,  Linn  a,  xi.  279.  Pliascuiu  Bey- 
ricliicDi'um^  Schwacgr.  Suppl.  iv.  t.  301. 

II An.  First  found  near  Baltimore  by  Bcyrich ;  Burlington,  New  Jersey 
(Jamcs)\  Illinois  (Vasey). 

C.  B.  brevicollis,  Lcsq.  &  James.  Differing  from  the  last 
in  the  lon::-er-pcdicellate  emergent  broadly  oval  cajisule,  with  a 
distinct  collum  deflucnt  into  the  pedicel,  in  the  shorter  apiculate 
caly])tra  reaching  to  the  colhnn,  and  in  the  shorter  leaves, 
broadi'r  at  base,  and  narrowed  into  a  long  entire  awl-shaj)ed 
point  entirely  filled  by  the  enlarged  costa.  —  Proc.  Am.  Acad, 
xiv.  i;J."). 
Hau.     Santee  Canal,  South  Carolina  (Rarcncl). 

7.  B.  curviseta.  Plants  short :  lower  leaves  small,  lanceo- 
late, the  up])er  much  longer,  narrowly  subulate  fi  ni  a  short 
broadly  ovate  base,  denticulate  at  and  near  the  a|)ex  ;  costa 
stout,  lining  the  awl-shaped  canaliculate  ]K)int:  flowers  moiuiv 
cious:  capsiUe  emergent,  ovate,  with  a  distinct  collum,  abruptly 
narroweil  or  truncate  upon  a  somewhat  long  pedicel,  which  is 
geniculate  or  abruptly  curved  in  the  middle  ;  lid  short,  acumi- 
nate ;  caly])tra  large,  covering  the  capsule  to  below  the  miildle, 
Bmooth.  —  Ji.  Vor/csiaca,  var.  '2,  Hook.  &  Wilson,  Drumm. 
Muse.  .Vmer.  (Coll.  II.),  n.  15,  in  j»art. 

Hau.     Louisiana,  near  New  Orleans  (Drriwinond). 

Compaicd  with  B.  firrriroUi.s  it  diff(>rs  in  the  leaves  distinctly  deiUicu- 
late  above,  iii  tin;  larger  and  ^;horte^  calyptra,  the  capsule  truncate  at  base, 
and  the  lonncr  geniculate  pedicel. 

8.  B.  Hallii,  Aust.  Plants  small,  gregarious,  yellov,ish 
green  :  stem  ^  cent,  long,  slender,  filiform  :  lower  leaves  small, 
closely  ai)pressed,  broadly  ovate-acuminate,  the  u[)per  longer, 


2  i 


ill 


11-    fl^Mi 


rlfi 


h  t  i  I 


:■.'. ' 


:  '  H 


liir- 


48 


BRYACE/E. 


[Bruchia. 


Archidium 


11 


'-II 


II 
f  li! 

jl  :! 


ol)loii<^  or  obovatc  at  baso,  more  gradually  aciuninatc,  all  very 
entire,  glossy ;  costa  enlarged  u])war(l,  somewhat  cxcurrent : 
caj>siile  exscrted,  ])yrifoi-ni-ellii  tical,  somewhat  long-beaked, 
the  comparatively  long  colUim  gradually  narrowed  to  the  long 
straight  pedicel ;  calyptra  smooth,  mitrit'orm  or  subcucullate, 
lobcd,  covering  a  third  of  the  capsule.  —  B.ll.  Torr.  Club,  v.  -1. 

II Ai!.     Xear  Houston,  Texas  {E.  Hall). 

A  vory  fine  and  distinct  specios,  rocogiiizeil  at  once  by  its  sliort  appressod 
imbricate  leaves,  and  the  capsule  exserted  on  a  long  straii^ht  pedicel. 

9.  B.  Donnellii,  Aust.  Paroccious,  of  the  size  of  li.  flex- 
uosa :  leaves  more  abruptly  subulate  from  a  nearly  rouinl  base, 
distinctly  pa])illose :  pedicel  more  strict :  ca])sule  'i-colored, 
with  a  thicker  and  longer  collnm  :  spores  nearly  twice  as  large. 
—  JJull.  1\)rr.  Club,  vi.  144. 

IlAu.     Florida  (./.  Doniwll  Smith). 

This  species  has  a  long  thick  collum  and  large  spores,  as  in  B.  Tcrana, 
which,  however,  has  niucli  shorter  smooth  leaves.  It  also  has  the  in- 
florescence ajid  large  spores  ot  Ji.  Ildllii,  l)ut  the  collnm  in  this  last  species 
is  much  shorter  and  the  leaves  are  smooth.  —  {A.iniin). 

10.  B.  Texana,  Aust.  Compared  with  the  preceding  it 
differs  in  the  shorter  stems ;  the  lower  leaves  narrower,  longer- 
lanceolate-acuminate  and  flexuous,  the  ui)per  much  longer,  oval 
at  base,  abruptly  narrowed  and  very  nari'owly  subulate-canalic, 
ulate  upward,  flexuous  when  dry;  costa  dilated  upward,  per- 
current ;  areolation  longer  and  narrower  below,  raj)idly  jiassing 
Jibove  to  very  small  minutely  granulose  cells  :  ca))sule  a  little 
shorter,  with  a  more  slender  beak  and  a  thicker  collum  abruptly 
narrowed  to  the  pedicel.  —  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  v.  21. 

Hau.     Near  Houston,  Texas  {E.  Hall). 

11.  B.  brevipecs,  Hook.  TJesembling  /?. /^e,r?^o.s«  in  aspect, 
but  distinguished  by  its  small  size,  the  rigid  leaves  more  enlarged 
at  base,  abrujjtly  narrowed  into  a  longer  awl-shaj)ed  j)oint 
entirely  filled  by  the  costa,  by  the  shorter  pyriform  immei-sed 
capsule  truncate  at  base  and  sharply  apiculate,  by  the  very  short 
])edicel,  and  larger  spores.  —  Icon.  PI.  t. -.'>1  ;  lIt)ok.  &  Wils., 
Dnuntn.  IMusc.  Ame".  (Coll.  II.),  n.  15,  in  j)art ;  Sulliv.  Icon. 
Muse.  24,  t.  14. 

II An.  Louisiana  {Drvmmond);  South  Carolina,  on  sandy  ground 
(Rin-cucl);  Petersburg,  Virginia  {James). 

12.  B.  brevifolia,  Sidliv.  Subccsjutose,  the  stems  very 
short,  erect,  densely  foliate;  lower  leaves  minute,  ovate-acumi- 


if:' 


Archidinm.] 


DKYACE.E. 


49 


;? 
~''i 


iiate,  the  upper  comparatively  sliort,  scarcely  reachinG^  to  the 
niiddle  of  the  capsule,  lar<:;e,  ovate  and  clasping  at  base,  al)ru])tly 
narrowed  into  a  broad  blunt  point ;  costa  Hat,  broad,  ])erc'urrent : 
flowers  nioncDcious  ;  male  biuls  terminal :  capsule  very  large  for 
the  si/c  of  the  ])lant,  obovate-oblong,  truncate  at  base,  abruptly 
acuminate  ;  pedicel  very  short ;  caly])tra  scarcely  covering  a 
third  of  the  cai)sule.  —  flosses  of  U.  States,  17,  and  Icdu  .Muse. 
25,  t.  li).  /?.  Vo(/esiaca^  var.  2,  Ilook.  &.  Wils.,  Drumm.  Muse. 
Amcr.  (Coll.  IT.),  n.  15,  in  ))art. 

IIah.  Louisiana  (l)rummond)\  sandy  ground  on  the  Santee  Canal, 
South  Carolina  (liavencl). 

13.  B.  Ravenelii,  Wils.  Plants  very  small  (the  smallest 
of  the  genus),  closely  gregarious  :  leaves  close  together,  tiie 
lower  mimite,  the  middle  linear-lanceolate  and  erect,  the  upper 
nuich  longer,  spreading,  lanceolate,  gradually  narrowed  to  a 
denticulate  apex;  costa  broad,  percurrent:  flowers  momecious: 
ca})sule  nearly  immersed,  short,  obovate  and  apiculate,  its 
scarcely  distinct  short  collum  abruj)tly  narrowed  into  tlv  very 
short  pedicel ;  calyptra  distinctly  and  sometimes  profusely  papil- 
lose.—  Sulliv.  Mosses  of  U.  States,  17,  and  Icon.  Muse.  2(3, 1. 1(5. 

Var.  mollis.  Calyptra  less  paj)illose ;  ca|)sule  Avith  a 
slightly  more  marked  collum  :  leaves  shorter,  not  exceeding  the 
capsule.  —  Jj.  Carolinian  Austin,  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  vi.  144. 

IIab.  Banks  of  the  Santee  Canal,  South  Carolina  [liavencl)',  the 
variety  in  Florida  (.7.  Donnell  Smith). 

14.  B.  Hampeana,  Muell.  Leaves  enlarged  at  base,  nar- 
rowed and  subulate  above,  the  entire  margin  obscurely  denticu- 
late :  capsule  obovate,  with  a  moderately  long  collum  ;  calyptra 
'aciniate  at  base,  distinctly  ])apillose  vesiculose.  —  Syn.  i.  18. 
/f>pO)'Iedeni  ^Schwaef/richeui,  IIami)e  in  litt. 

llAB.     Louisiana  (Driunniond). 

Differing  from  the  last  especially  in  the  distinct  somewhat  long  neck  of 
the  capsule. 


3.  Plants  with  branching   and  j^'^'ostrate  stems.      Calyptra 
adherent  to  the  ca^iside.     /Spores  reniar/cabli/  larr/e  and  few. 

9.  AROHIDIUM,  Brid.    (PL  1.) 
Plants  small,  branching  by  short  and  erect  or  by  long  pros- 
trate innovations.     Leaves  linear-lanceolate  or  ovate-lanceolate, 


^  ^ 


n 


50 


BKVACK.E. 


[Archidium. 


costate ;  areolation  loose,  uniform,  hcxagonal-rliomlmiilal,  sliglitly 
clilorophyllosc.  Flowers  inoiuecioiis,  geminifonn.  Calyplra 
very  thin,  irregularly  lacerate.  Capsule  globose,  sessile.  Spores 
few,  larger  than  in  any  other  moss,  j  m.ni.  in  diameter,  smooth. 

1.  A.  Ohioense,  Schimp.  Mona'cious:  stems  filiform: 
leaves  sjireading,  subulate  by  the  excurrent  costa,  serrulate 
above  ;  perieha'tial  leaves  broadly  lanceolate,  narrowed  into  a 
long  j»oint,  costate:  capsule  globose,  on  short  lateral  branches: 
8i)ores  10  to  20,  angular,  smooth.  —  Bryol.  Eur.  Arch.  3  ;  Sulliv. 
]\Iosses  of  U.  States,  14,  and  Icon.  jNIusc.  IG,  t.  7  ;  Sulliv.  & 
Lescp  Muse.  Bor.-Am.  Exsice.  n.  28.  A.  jy^^fiscoides^  Sulliv. 
Muse.  Allegh.  n.  213. 

Var.  Donnellii.  More  robust,  yellowish  green  :  leaves  thin, 
su})scarious ;  areolation  less  distinct :  male  flowers  more  jren- 
erally  terminal.  —  A.  Bomiellii^  Austin,  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  vi. 
190. 

ilAB.  Meadows  and  waste  fields,  Central  Ohio  and  Northern  Alabama. 
The  variety  in  Florida  (J.  Donnell  Smith). 

2.  A.  tenerrimum,  Mitten.  Differing  from  the  last,  es])e- 
cially  in  the  liypogynous  inflorescence,  the  antheridia  being 
placed  in  the  axils  of  one  or  two  small  leaves  at  the  base  of  the 
perichictial  ones,  as  in  the  European  A.phascokies,Bnd.;  the  cells 
of  the  areolation  are  much  shorter,  closer  and  firm.  —  Journ. 
Linn.  Soc.  viii.  17.  A.  p/iascoides,  Drumm.  Muse.  Am.  (Coll. 
II.),  n.  11. 

IIab.    Louisiana  {Dmmmond). 

3.  A.  Ravenelii,  Aust.  Synoecious :  plants  much  divided 
below :  lower  leaves  distant,  very  small,  ovate  and  appressed, 
or  larger  and  open,  the  upper  closely  imbricate-tufted  or  pressed 
together  in  gemmules,  ovate-lanceolate,  distinctly  acuminate  or 
acute  or  obtuse,  very  entire  ;  costa  vanishing  below  the  apex  or 
excurrent  into  a  short  ])oint ;  areolation  very  loose,  round,  oval 
or  rhomboidal,  slightly  longer  and  broader  toward  the  base. — 
Bull.  Torr.  Club,  vi.  145. 

IlAn.    South  Carolina  (liavenel);  Florida  (J.  Donnell  Smith). 

4.  A.  longifolium,  Lesq.  &  James.  Synoecious:  cespitose, 
sometimes  in  compact  tufts,  yellowish  green ;  stems  short, 
slender:  leaves  long  and  narrow,  open,  flexuous,  narrowly 
lanceolate-subulate;  areolation  in  long  quadrangular  cells,  be- 


on  a  distil 


Astomum.] 


BIIYACE.E. 


61 


coming   shorter   and   nearly  quadrate    at    base;    costa    stout, 
exc'urrent  into  a  smooth  awl-shaped  })oint :  male  flowers  in  the 
axils  of  })ericha3tial  leaves.  —  Proe.  Am.  Aead.  xiv.  134. 
Hau.     Florida  (Garbcr),  in  fine  copiously  fruiting  specimens. 

5.  A.  Hallii,  Aust.  Monoecious,  the  male  flowers  terminal 
on  a  distinct  branch  ;  leaves  with  a  very  loose  areolation  and 
the  margins  often  obscurely  recurved ;  costa  often  long-excur- 
rent.— liull.  Torr.  Club,  vi.  145. 

II AB.    Texas  {E.  Hall).    This  species  is  not  satisfactorily  known. 


B.  STEGOCARPI. 
a  dehiscent  lid. 


Capsules  oijening  in  the  upper  part  by 


Tribe  II.   WEISIE/E. 

Plants  cespitose,  sometimes  very  small,  generally  of  medium 
size.  Leaves  simply  costate ;  areolation  opaque,  composed  of 
parenchymatous  cells,  small,  punctiform  or  quadrate  and  gen- 
erally papillose  in  the  upper  part  of  the  leaf,  larger,  oblong- 
hexagonal  and  pellucid  or  chlorophyllose  at  the  enlarged  base. 
Capsule  solid,  generally  exserted  upon  a  more  or  less  elongated 
pedicel,  rarely  immersed,  erect  or  curved,  sometimes  inclined  or 
]icnlent,  subcylindrical,  with  a  short  collum  or  none.  Lid 
rostrate.  Peristome  simple  or  none  ;  teeth  flat,  entire  or  bifid. 
Calyptra  cucullate. 

1.  Peristome  none. 

10.  ASTOMUM,  Hampe. 
Plants  small,   simple  or  branching.    Upper  leaves  longer, 
tufted,  linear-lanceolate,  curling.     Flowers  monoecious.     Cap- 
sule erect,  symmetrical ;  lid  distinctly  formed  but  not  easily 
detached.  —  Systcgium,  Schimp. 

1.  A.  crispum,  Ilampe.  Stems  short,  branching:  lower 
leaves  very  small,  narrowly  ovate,  the  upper  linear-lanceolate, 
densely  tufted,  minutely  papillose  on  the  back,  crispate  when 
dry ;  costa  round,  excurrent  into  a  short  point,  borders  invo- 
lute :  capsule  globose,  short-pedicellate,  immersed ;   lid  short- 


no 

0»d 


BRYACExE. 


[Astomum. 


i* 


conical,  acute.  —  Linncca,  xii.  552;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  12.  Phasciiyn 
crLspum,  lledw.  Stirp.  Muse.  Frond,  i.  25,  t.  9;  SuUiv.  Mosses 
of  L'.  States,  1(>. 

JlAU.  liuro  sandy  soil  under  bushes,  Vinoennes,  Ind.  {Lesqnereiix); 
Texas  ( \Vri(jlit),  imperfect  specimens;  I'ennsylvania  (James).     IJare. 

2.  A.  Ludovicianum,  Sulliv.  Differs  from  tlie  last  in  its 
stronger  and  more  divided  habit,  the  capsules  more  numerous, 
often  clustered  2  or  8  in  the  same  perichoitium,  oblong-oval, 
with  a  more  elongated  obtuse  lid.  —  Icon.  jMusc.  21,  t.  12. 
Phancum  crisjyum^  var.  rostellatum,  Ilook.  &  Wils.,  JJnnnin. 
Muse.  Am.  (Coll.  II.),  n.  :'.0.  P.  Ludovicianum^  Sulliv. 
Mosses  U.  States,  16.  ^ystejiiim  erythroste(jium^  Schimp. 
Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xiv.  140. 

IIau.     Near  New  Orleans  (T)rummnnd)\  Florida  {Clntpman) 

3.  A.  SuUivantii,  Schimp.  Closely  resembles  A.  crispum^ 
differing  in  the  plants  being  smaller,  more  slender  and  generally 
simple,  the  capsule  smaller,  briglit  orange  with  a  slightly  longer- 
beaked  lid,  and  a  shorter  calyptra.  —  Bryo).  Eur.  Astom.  2  ; 
Sulliv.  Icon.  Muse.  20,  t.  11.  PJiascum  criiipwn,  Sulliv.  Muse. 
Allegh.  n.  211,  in  part.  P.  Stillivdutii^  Sulliv.  3Iosses  of  U. 
States,  16. 

Iiah.     Commonly  found  in  meadows,  especially  in  new  clover  fields. 

4.  A.  nitidulum,  Schimp.  Plants  much  smaller  and  less 
branched  than  in  the  last :  leaves  shorter,  open,  scarcely  convo- 
lute when  moistened :  caj)8ule  ovoid,  shining,  chestnut-color ; 
lid  obliquely  rostellate :  calyptra  short,  scarcely  reaching  the 
base  of  the  Hd.  —  Bryol.  Eur.  Astom.  3 ;  Sulliv.  &  Lesq.  Muse. 
Bor.-Am.  n.  36.  PJiascum  nitidulum^  Muell. ;  Sulliv.  Mosses 
of  U.  States,  16. 

Var.  pygmSBUm,  Lesq.  Plants  minute,  much  divided : 
costa  sim})ly  })ercurrent,  not  passing  above  the  apex  :  capsule 
oval,  orange-colored :  lid  straight,  obtusely  beaked. 

Hau.  On  the  naked  ground  in  meadows,  often  found  with  the  preced- 
ing; Central  Ohio. 


11.  GYMNOSTOMUM,  Iledw.    (PI.  1.; 
Plants  cespitose.     Stems  slender ;  branches  dichotomous  or 
fasciculate.     Leaves  small,  gradually  larger  upwards  and  tufted 
at  the  apex,  lanceolate  or  linear-lanceolate,  concave  or  canalic- 


GymnoHtomiinu] 


r.IlYACK.E. 


0^ 


ulate  by  a  solid  costa,  prominent  on  tlic  back ;  areolalion 
minute,  quadrate  in  tlie  ujijier  ])art.  Flowers  diceeious  in  tlic 
American  species.    Capsule  symnietrieal ;  lid  Ic^ni^-beaked. 

1.  G.  Calcaream,  Xees  &  Ilornsch.  Plants  densely  tufted, 
rjreen  above,  ferru;j;inous  below  ;  stems  radiculose:  lower  leaves 
very  small,  gradually  or  abrujitly  larger  ui)ward,  linear-lanceo- 
late, costate  to  near  the  blunt  apex,  coiu-ave,  borders  minutely 
ci-c'iiulate  ;  lower  j)erici)jetial  leaves  sheatliing,  the  ujtper  spread- 
ing, very  concave,  lanc"'>'ate-acute  :  ca}>sule  exserted  on  a  com- 
])aratively  long  ]»edicel,  oblong,  yellowish  brown,  truncate  or 
sliiihtly  constricted  under  the  orilice  when  dry  ;  annulus  short, 
persistent;  lid  subulate-rostrate  from  a  conical  base.  —  liryol. 
(jerm.  laii,  t.  10;  liryol.  Eur.  t.  ii-.  2)'ichostoniu/n  culcareum, 
Lindb.  Trichost.  ID. 

Var.  brevifolium,  Schimp.  Plants  slender  and  delicate : 
hnver  leaves  distant,  very  small,  scarcely  perceivable  to  the 
naked  eye,  the  ujtper  close  and  tufted,  oblong-lanceolate,  recurved 
from  the  middle,  acute  or  blunt  at  the  apex:  capsule  small, 
ovate  or  sub-glol)ose. —  G.  viridulum,  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  'H. 

Var.  perpusillum,  iSulliv.  Very  small.  Leaves  erect,  ovate- 
lanccola*y:  capsule  ])yriform-oval.  —  Paeif.  P.  \{i}\).  iv.  185, 

IIais.  Oil  slate  rocks,  noar  Liltle  Fulls,  Xew  York  (Auslin)\  tho  first 
variety  near  Belleville,  Canada  West  (^lacoiin),  the  second  on  clayey  soil 
near  San  Francisco,  California  [liUjclow). 

-.  G.  rupestre,  Schwaegr.  More  ov  less  densely  tufted : 
stems  1  to  5  cent,  long,  slender,  with  dicliotomous  or  fasciculate 
divisions:  leaves  gradually  increasing  in  size  from  the  base  to 
the  top,  spreading  or  recurved.  linear-Ian  'colate,  blunt  at  apex, 
minutely  i)a})illose  on  the  bad:  or  smootii,  costate  to  below  the 
apex;  j)erichtetial  leaves  erlarged  aL  base,  somewhat  sheathing: 
capsule  ovate-oblong,  rarely  sub-globose,  thin-walled,  ])ale 
yellow  or  reddish  brown,  shining,  truncate  when  emj)ty ;  i)edicel 
reddish ;  lid  conical-acuminate  or  short-beaked  ;  annulus  none. 

—  k5upi>l.  I.,  part  1,  v]l,  t.  xi. ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  33,  34.  I'richosto- 
muin  ceriif/uiosion,  Lindb.  Trichost.  19. 

Var.  stelligerum,  Schimp.  Loosely  cesi»itosc,  more  rol)ust : 
leaves  longer,  incurved  when  dry  :  capsule  ])ale,  reddish  at  the 
orifice ;  lid  oblicpiely  rostrate.     Closely  resembles  the  following. 

—  G.  tojj/iaceur/i,  Austin,  Bull.  Torr.  Club.  vi.  42. 


If   V    : 


JiJV 


•1t 

• 

■ 

! 

B 

- 

SI 

n 

■B 

i 

* 

if 

Ifi 


'^1 


54 


duyacej:. 


[Gi/mnostomum. 


ii  1  I 


I?:   

« 

1 

1 

i; 

Mi;; 

H 


■/- 


IlAn.  Surface  and  fissures  of  damp  or  shaded  overhanging  rocks,  in  the 
nioiuitiiins  especially,  not  rare.  The  variety  on  calcareous  rocks,  Dallas 
County,  Texas  (7;;.  IIull). 

This  and  the  next  species  are  extremely  variable,  and  some  of  thevarie- 
tii'.->  are  indilt'erently  referable  to  one  or  the  other.  Var.  sti'lli'jcraiih  which 
represents  (V.  HtilUijcnon  and  G'.  avlk'ulalnm,'i'in\\\.\\,  and  G.  jxunijeniiit, 
Nees  ct  llornscli.,  is  considered  by  Wilson  and  others  as  a  variety  of 
G.  ciirciruntriun.  It  is  apparently  from  sterile  plants  of  one  of  the 
numerous  vari(!ti<'s  of  this  species  that  G.  C'Untoni,  Aust.  (Uull.  Torn 
Club,  vi.  42),  has  been  made. 

'5.  Or.  CUrvirOStrum,  Ilodw.  l*laiits  dark  rod  or  brown, 
soft  or  solid,  1  to  10  cent,  long,  with  clo.so  fasti^iatc  branches 
more  or  less  covered  with  a  reddish  felt  of  radicles:  leaves 
S])readini>;,  slightly  incurved  when  dry,  lanceolate-acute,  concave 
at  the  hyaline  base,  carinate  above,  smooth  or  slightly  ])a])illose, 
with  borders  entire  or  sometimes  slightly  serrate  and  recurved 
abo^•e  the  base  ;  costa  vanishing  under  the  apex  :  capsule  long- 
pedicellate,  ovate,  oblong  or  sub-globose,  thick-walled,  chestnut- 
color,  shining,  turbinate  when  dry  and  empty  ;  lid  enlarged  and 
conical  at  base,  prolonged  into  a  long  obli(jtie  tubular  beak  re- 
maining attached  to  the  columella  and  persisting  long  after  dis- 
ruption from  the  orifice  of  the  capsule ;  annuius  of  a  double  row 
of  small  persistent  cells  :  spores  larger  than  in  the  preceding.  — 
Stir]).  Crypt,  ii.  G8,  t.  24 ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  35  and  80.  I^'ottia 
curvirostn's,  Ehrh. 

IIah.  Limestone  rocks,  and  on  deposits  of  carbonate  of  lime  or  tufa, 
near  springs;  very  abundant  at  Niagara  Falls. 

4.  G.  tenue,  Schrader.  Plants  very  small,  1  m.m.  high, 
widely  subcespitose  :  leaves  linear,  gradually  narrower  to  the 
obtuse  apex,  concave ;  perichretial  leaves  sheathing  to  the 
middle,  there  recurved,  thinly  costate,  the  inner  ecostate  and 
smaller :  capsule  oblong-elliptical ;  lid  short-beaked  ;  annuius 
broad ;  peristome  mostly  none  or  composed  of  minute  narroAV 
teeth.  —  Coll.  PI.  Crypt,  n.  31  ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  30.  Gyroiceisia 
tenuis,  Schimp.  Syn.  2  cd.,  38.      Wei'sia  tenuis,  Muell. 

IIab.     On  limestone  rocks,  Lake  Winnipeg  {Drnmmond). 

12.  ANCEOTANGIUM,  Schwaegr.  (in  part). 
Plants    compactedly  pulvinate-cespitoso,   witli    dichotomous 
and  fastigiate  branches,  radieulose  their  wdiole  length.     Leaves 
spreading,   lanceolate    or    linear-lanceolate,    subulate,   opaque, 


Weisid.] 


BliYACEyE. 


55 


ilcnsoly  i»nj>ill()se,  with  a  round  costa.  Flowers  inoiupcitius. 
Caj)sule  erect,  oval  or  sub-glohose,  with  a  short  inllated  e(jlhim, 
smooth,  of  tiiin  texture ;  lid  obli<|uely  long-i)eaked  ;  aimulus 
very  narrow.     Spores  small. 

A  strange  gonns  (,'/r»».s  parttilodtum,  as  Schimpor  ealls  it),  with  the 
dichotoiiious  fastigiate  ramification  of  llic  I'liityordrpi,  hnt  a  \r\w  (ii/m- 
notftoinuin  in  tlic,  sliape  of  the  leaves,  tlieir  an-olution,  and  the  organiza- 
tion of  tlie  capsule. 

1.  A.  Peckii,  Sulliv.  \lvsvu\}}\'u](j^  A .  compactn))),  Sehwaeinjr., 
the  essential  characters  of  which  are  indicated  in  the  description 
of  the  genus,  differing  merely  in  the  great  size  of  the  ])lants,  the 
nnich  longer  narrowly  lanceolate  leaves  i;raduallv  increasin<'  in 
length  u})ward,  su))ulate-pointed,  slightly  contracted  above  the 
short  c<nicave  ovate  clasj»ing  base,  carinate-plicate  above ;  areola- 
tion  more  distinctly  (juadrangular  in  the  upper  ])art  of  the  leaves 
and  chlorophyllose  at  the  base  ;  fruit  unknown.  —  Aust.  Muse. 
Api»al.  n.  04,  and  Icon.  Muse.  Suj)pl.  IJS,  t.  *io. 

Hah.  Under  overhanging  rocks,  Catskill  Mountains,  New  York 
(C.  n.  Peck). 


2.  Peristome  simple. 


13.  WEISIA,  riedw.  (PI.  1.) 
Mosses  of  small  size,  ces])itose  or  ])ulvinate.  Leaves  lanceo- 
late or  linear-lanceolate  and  subulate,  twisted  when  dry.  Flowers 
moncjL'cious  or  dia'cious,  rarely  syna?cious.  Cajjsule  long-pedicel- 
late, erect,  oval-oblong,  symmetrical  or  rarely  slightly  incurved, 
with  a  peristome  of  IG  more  or  less  })erfect  lanceolate  teeth* 
either  entire  or  perforated  or  split  at  the  apex,  or  to  the;  middle, 
solid,  transversely  articulate,  granulose,  slightly  marked  with  a 
vertical  divisural  line.     Spores  large,  verruose. 

1.  W.  viridula,  Brid.  Moncrcious.  Plants  more  or  less 
densely  cesi)itose  and  ])ulvinate,' bright  green  :  stems  about  h 
cent,  long,  nearly  simple  or  with  fastigiate  branches  :  lower 
leaves  minute,  the  upper  abruptly  much  longer,  open  and  flex-  , 
uous,  crispate  when  dry,  linear-lanceolate,  mucronate  by  the 
stout  excurrent  costa,  enlarged  at  the  pale  concave  and  flat- 
margined  base,  tubulose   in  the    upper  part   by  the   involute 


•       ■     if 

i\rl\ 


v-f^ 


li:  ! 


■'  Jl)W  - 


I 


h  \ 


I'll 


56 


BliYACE^. 


[  ]VeiHia. 


borders:  calyptra  rcacliiriL,' to  the  initMle  of  the  capsule:  enp- 
siile  oval-ol)Ion<^,  of  thick  texture,  slii^htly  constrieted  uudcr  tlio 
orillee,  Avrinkled  lenfjthwise  wheu  dry,  liirht  browu  ;  pedieel 
twisted  to  tiu;  ri<j;ht ;  li<l  long-beaked,  straight  or  bent  ol)- 
li<|uely  ;  teeth  very  variable,  liuear-lanceolute,  broad  or  narrow, 
often  truneate  ov  hilid  at  the  ajtex  with  two  to  tivo  artieuhi- 
tions,  soinetinies  nu-rely  rudimentary  and  scarcely  distinguish- 
able; aniuilus  narrow,  j)er8istent.  —  Uryol.  Univ.  i.  'ii'-'A;  IJi'yol. 
Eur.  t.  21.      W.  controueraa  and  W.  'niicrodonta,  Iledw. 

Var.  stenocarpa,  JNIuell.  Capsule  narrower,  subcylindri- 
cal,  thin-walled,  substriate,  greenish  brown  ;  lid  long-beaked, 
cernuous  or  curved  ;  teeth  nearly  entire. 

Var.  densifolia,  IMuell.  Plants  larger,  more  densely  eespi- 
tose:   leaves  crowded,  narrower;  teeth  imperfect. 

Var.  amblyodon,  ]\[uell.  Leaves  shorter  and  ]>roader: 
teeth  truncate,  very  short  or  scarcely  i)''rceivable,  ])ale. — 
^V.  (Jipnnosturnoides  and  11'  microstoma,  Necs  &  llornsch. 
W,  Brandegei,  vVustin,  ]>ull.  Torr.  Club,  vi.  40. 

Var.  gjnnnostomoides,  ]\ruell.  Plants  small:  leaves 
shorter  than  in  the  normal  form:  capsule  small,  elliptical; 
teeth  rudimentary,  scarcely  visible.  —  ^V.  (/i/)nnostonioides,  IJrid. 
Jli/inenostonucni  'inici'ostoiHiim,  Austin,  Muse.  Aj)pal.  n.  03. 
GymnostomuDi  liauannm,  Austin,  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  v.  21. 

II An.  On  the  ground  in  meadows,  broken  fields,  borders  of  ditches,  ohiy 
banks,  etc.;  var.  stenocarpa  in  Arkansas  (F.  L.  Ilartcij)^  var.  (iiiihlyo- 
don  in  Colorado,  (Brandegec);  the  last  variety  near  Iletlilehem,  Pennsyl- 
vania (E,  A.  li(ti(,  F.  Wolle),  on  rocky  ground,  Palisades  of  Now  Jersey 
{Anntin),  New  England  {James). 

Tiie  most  conunon,  most  variable,  illusive  and  ambiguous  species. 
Among  tlie  numerous  forms  which  have  been  at  dilT(M'ent  times  con- 
sidered and  described  as  specific,  those  described  above  are  the  more 
distinct.  To  the  var.  (/i/ntnostomoidcs  are  to  be  referred  all  the  speci- 
mens that  have  been  communicated  under  the  generic  name  Ifi/menosto- 
muui,  which  genus  is  not  yet  known  from  Xorth  America. 

2.  W.  longiseta,  Lesq.  &  James.  Much  like  tlie  last  in 
the  characters  of  the  leaves,  it  ditTers  in  the  dioecious  inflores- 
cence, the  numerous  male  plants  with  gcmmiform  polyphyllous 
aggregate  flowers,  the  small  curved  ovate  8-sulcate  capstile  on  a 
long,  very  slender,  pa^c  yellow  pedicel,  the  teeth  of  the  peristome 
large,  perfect,  linear-lanceolate,  lacunose  along  the  divisural 
line,  regularly  bilid,  sjireading  when  dry,  and  the  spores  large 
and  ferruginous.  —  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xiv.  130.     W.  vindula, 


mm 


Dicrnnowclsla.] 


BIIYACE.E. 


67 


t  •  ;   ' 


var.  iiustralis,  Aust.  Muse.  Appal.  Suj)|il.  p.  4G0,  and  IJull.  Turr. 
Clii1>,  vii.  4. 

IlAii.     Oil  the  f;n)iiiHl,  Enterprise,  Florida  (  H'.  A.  luisler,  AiuhUh). 

Tlu;  pull!  green  color  of  the  plunls,  the  long  slender  yellowish  peilicel, 
the  curved  capsule,  and  the  lar,;,'e  perforated  or  siillL  teeth  give  to  this 
Species  the  appearance  of  a  Dlcranuin. 

ii.  W.  Wolfli.  ]-)itTi'rs  from  llii- jircccdinij;  in  llic  ni'nci'iilly 
lartior  leaves,  nearly  exactly  tul»ulo,si>  in  the  upper  purl,  ami 
ciii'ved  hack  wluii  nioisleneil,  in  the  short  ]»edieel  of  the  eylind- 
rical  ohlong  eapsule,  which  is  not  sulcato  nor  constricted  under 
liie  orilice  when  dry,  and  in  the  truncate  teeth. 

Hah.     On  the  ground  near  f:anton,  Illinois  {S.  U'o//). 

The  (liieeious  iiillorescenc(!  especially  separates  this  species  froni  II'.  (•//■(- 
dalii,  var.  nfcnnrdrjia,  and  also  from  T.  iiiH<'roiiiil<(t(t,  .Schiinp.,  which  it 
rcseaihles  in  the  form  of  the  leaves  and  in  the  peristome. 


U' 


m 

m 


¥ 


14.  DICRANOWEISIA,  Lindl.. 
Plants  of  larger  size  ;  liranches  fastigiato.     IVrieluvtiuin  dis- 
tinct,  sheathing.     IVristonie   more   perfect;    teeth    lanceohite, 
distinctly    articulate,    entire    or    bifid   at    the    apex.     Flowers 
nioniecioiis. 

1.  D.  crispula,  Lindb.  Plants  pulvinate,  rarely  cespitosp, 
yellowish  or  dark  green  ;  steins  slender,  2  c.  in.  long  or  more  : 
leaves  enlarged  at  the  concave  base,  long-subulate  and  nearly 
tubulose  in  the  ui)j)er  ])art,  costate  to  below  the  apex,  open,  fal- 
cate-secund,  much  crispatc  when  dr}  ;  basilar  cells  narrowly 
rectangular,  enlarged,  quadrate  and  yellow  at  the  angles  ;  ])eri- 
chictial  leaves  short,  tid)ulose,  obtuse,  sheathing  to  near  the 
apex:  capsule  long-pedicellate,  of  thin  texture,  oblong-ovate, 
rugose,  constricted  under  the  orifice  when  dry  ;  lid  obiicjiu'ly 
subulate-rostrate  ;  teeth  of  the  peristome  free  to  below  the  orifice 
of  the  ca]»sule,  narrowly  lanceolate,  entire  or  split  at  the  a]»ex  ; 
annulus  none.  —  Lindb,  in  ]\rilde,  Rryol.  Siles.  47.  Ift/i'/a  cris- 
2mki,  Iledw.  Spec.  Muse,  OS,  t.  12  ;  Bryol,  Eur.  t.  2(j. 

IIau.  On  decayed  trunks,  California  {BoUokIp)');  Ilocky  Mountains 
(E.  Ilall,  Doicnic);  Utah  {]VatKon);  Oregon  {NcvIks). 

2.  D.  Cirrhata, Lindb., I.e.  Plantsmuch  divided, ferruginous 
in  the  lower  part,  bright  green  above :  leaves  open,  curved  u)) 
from  the  middle,  the  lower  short,  lanceolate,  the  uj)per  much 
longer,  ovate-eoneave  at  base,  linear-lanceolate,  earinute  and  re 


I    :w 


f ' 


,:  :  ink 

(•  ■  r  »« 

r.  .-     WW 


';'"tf 


58 


IJIiYACE.K. 


[OrcoweisUi, 


ill 


ii  h 


* 


ll('X('(l  on  the  borders  in  tlic  nj)|»t'r  part,  ()1)tusily  |KjiiitL(l,  soft, 
cirrhatc'-crispiito  \\\uu  dry  ;  alar  t'l'Us  gradually  larger:  capsulo 
uldoiii;  or  sulx-ylindriral,  ri'ddish  at  tin*  t)riliri' ;  lid  subiilato- 
rostratc;  trctli  rnu-ar-lanct'olatt',  ontiri.'  at  tlio  inimitdy  piinc- 
tulato  ajic'x  ;  aniiuliis  oi  tliri-o  rows  of  small  cells,  jici>istc'nt. — 
l(  './.sAi  vln'/tn(u,  Ilfdw.  S\K'v.  .Muse,  01),  t.  1-  ;   Hryol.  Vaiv.  t.  2'). 

Hah.  On  rocks,  IiduIiKts,  roots  of  trt'os  and  ilt'cuycd  wood,  Const 
H.iiij,'i's.  California,  and  <)n\i,'on,  very  common;  near  Alliens,  Illinois  (K, 
Jhtll),  sttM-iK>  plants,  perhaps  rcprescntin;^  a  variety. 

The  speeies  i.s  distini;iii»lied  liom  the  preceding  by  tho  shorter  loaves 
not  as  narrowly  and  long-subulate  to  the  apex,  retlexed  on  the  borders,  tho 
longer  and  narrower  capsule,  the  compound  annulus,  the  entire  teeth,  etc. 

15.  OREOWEISIA,  Schinip. 
Plants  |tulvinatc'.     Loaves  soft,  coarsely  papillose  and  niiniitely 
serndate  above  ;  basilar  areolatiou  hyalitu',  the  upper  chloro 
jihyllose.      IVrichtetiiini  not  sheathinj,'.     Capsule  more  or  less 
curved.     Intlorescenee  ami  peristome  of  iJicranowcisict. 

1.  O.  serrulata,  Schimp.  Densely  pnlvinate-cespitose ; 
jilanls  railieiilose  below  :  leaves  crowded,  narrowly  lanceolate, 
cnlaru'cil  ami  concave  to  the  middle,  tlu'  pericluvtial  lomj^er,  all 
tlexuous,  open  or  incurved,  carinate  above,  costate  to  below  the 
somewhat  obtuse  apex:  cai>sule  of  thick  textmv,  oblong;,  short- 
necked  ;  ])edicel  whitish  ;  lid  with  a  short  blunt  inclined  beak  ; 
teeth  of  the  jieristome  dark  oranLje  in  the  Ic  ■  er  ]>art,  pale  above, 
abruptly  lanceolate-subulate  from  the  enlar<zed  base,  entire,  per- 
foratetl  or  bitid,  ]irominently  articulate,  tlexuous  at  the  ajiex  ; 
annulus  none.  —  Syn.  ^luso.,  (2  ed.),  57.  Weisia  serrulata, 
Funck;  Brid.,  Bryol.  Univ.  i.  804  ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  '11. 

\\\\\.  Xarrowvill>\  Peimsylvania  (James)',  Palisades  of  New  Jersey 
(Austin),  sterile;  Xulato,  Alaska  (Rothrock),  fertile. 

16.  RHABDOWEISIA,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  iVl  1.) 
Plants  small,  dichotomous,  densely  acrirretiate.  Leaves  long, 
narrow,  crispate  when  dry,  minutely  papillose  on  both  faces ; 
areolation  quadrate,  chlorophyllose  in  the  npper  part,  longer, 
hexagonal  and  hyaline  near  the  base.  Inflorescence  moncecious. 
Cajtsule  S-striate,  S-costate  when  dry.  Lid  long-snbulate,  beaked. 
Teeth  of  the  peristome  linear-snbulate,  enlarged  at  base. 


Vynoiluidluin,] 


BKYACK.E. 


59 


I.  R.  fugax,  HriU'li  tt  Schiini).  I'lilviiiati'-c'csjiitosc ;  stems 
^  to  1  c.  III.  loiii;,  radiculoso  l>i'lo\v  :  It'iivt's  liiu-ar-laiict'olatc, 
iiiiniitcly  <U'iiti('iilati'  oi*  I'litire  at  the  aju-x,  cariiiati'  in  tlio 
iniiMlc,  Hat  on  tlic  hunU'i-s;  costa  siibiicrcui'iTiit :  calyptra  larnc: 
capMilc  sin;ill,  Id'oadly  ovate,  rcddisli  hiown,  with  a  short  uvck 
and  a  pak;  yellow  |K'tli('i'l  twisted  to  the  lett  when  dry  ;  lid  ah- 
nijitly  lonLC-sultuIate  from  a  l)road  oonvi'X  hase ;  teeth  jialo 
hrown,  hyyroseopicMl  and  fugacious;  annulus  nan-ow,  per- 
wistent.  —  JJryoI.  Kur.  t.  41.  Wcusid  fn'j<u\  lledw.  Spec. 
Muse.  04,  t.  IJi. 

Ham.  Fissures  of  soliistoso  ami  sandstouo  rocks  in  motuilalns.  White 
Munntaius  (Oi/Av.s,  ,/(<;;/r,s);  Lako  Supfrior  {Mitcouii}, 

-.  R.  denticulata,  IJrueh  &  Sehimp.  Differs  from  the 
hist  in  the  jtlants  l)eing  stronger  and  loosely  eespitose,  the  leaves 
hjnger,  reeurved  from  the  mi(hlle,  eirrhate-erispatu  when  dry, 
shining,  eoarsely  and  distantly  dentate  toward  the  apex,  eari- 
iiate,  the  costa  vanishing  lower,  the  capsuh'  more  solid,  ovate- 
globose,  with  a  more  distinct  collum,  less  deejdy  costato  when 
em])ty,  the  teeth  lanceolate  at  base,  longer-subulate  and  more 
Solid,  (hirker-colored  .and  i)ersistent.  —  IJryol.  Eur.  t.  4-.  W'cim'a 
dentici/lafa,  Brid.  Muse.  Recent.  Suppl.  i.  108. 

Il.vn.  Wiiitu  Mountains  {Odkes,  Jumcs);  sandstone  rocks  on  Slippery 
Rook  Creek,  Pennsylvania,  under  the  shade  oi Majnolia  ijlauca  {Lcsque- 
reux);  near  Easton,  Pa.  (T.  C.  Porter). 

17.  OYNODONTIUM,  Sehimp. 

Phints  piilvinatc-oespitose.  Stems  radiculose-tomentosc. 
Leaves  gradually  longer  upward,  tufted  at  the  top  of  the 
branches,  open,  flcxuous,  crispatc  when  dry,  linear-lanceolate, 
crenulate  or  denticulate  at  the  apex,  carin.ate-concave,  retlexed 
on  the  borders ;  arcol.ation  ])apillose,  strongly  chlorophyllose, 
opaque  in  the  upper  part  of  the  leaves,  minute,  qua<lr!ite,  not 
enlarged  at  the  angles ;  costa  nearly  terete.  Flowers  monoe- 
cious, gemmiform.  Capsule  oval-ol)long,  with  a  regidar  or 
strumose  collum,  striate,  more  or  less  costate  when  dry.  Oper- 
culum obliquely  beaked.  —  Dicranimi^  Auct.,  in  part. 

1.  0.  Schisti,  Sehimp.  Leaves  lanceolate  from  an  enlarged 
oblong  base,  minutely  crenulate  on  the  recurved  borders  :  cap 


-^ 


iiiWimf, 


llPIF'l'fl 


i 


w. 


i! 


m 


'    '    ! 


'  t 


1-,  :'^'' 


11 

11 


s 


■'pi 

in 


WM 


60 


BRYACE.E. 


[Cynodontium. 


suIg  sliort-ovato,  small,  distinctly  necked;  teeth  lunceoUite,  en- 
tire, rarely  jterforated,  dark  ])urj)le,  —  Synop.  ^NIusc.  (ed.  '2),  Gl. 
Jh'jxiii  Schisti,  Oedei",  Fl.  ])aii.  t.  !!<S,  Wcisia  iSchisti,  Jirid. 
Jihahdoiceisia  >Sc/n\s((\  IJruch  &  Schini]).  Jiryol.  Eur.  t.  43. 
Ohcophorns  Schistic  J^indb.  • 

IIab.     Kooky  Mountains  (Drumitiond);  Spokan  Falls  (Watson). 

Closely  rosenibiing  liliabdowrLsla  fiu/tLc,  liitt'ering  in  the  papiilosfi  sur- 
face 01  the  l.'aves,  and  tlie  large  lanceolate  solid  teelh. 

2.  C.  gracilescens,  Scliimp.  Tut'ts  yellowish  or  pale 
^rreen  ;  steins  sleiidcc:  leaves  linear-lanceolate,  blunt  at  the  ajie.v, 
recurved  and  minutely  crenulate  on.  the  borders,  densely  |)a])il- 
losc  on  both  faces;  costa  slender,  endini^  below  the  apex  ;  areo- 
lation  miiuite,  ruund  in  the  \ii)per  i)art,  elongated  downward  : 
capsule  oval-oblong,  slightly  cernuous  or  erect,  with  a  short  in- 
distinct solium  ;  j.edicel  long,  slender,  pale,  more  or  less  flexuous ; 
lid  long-beaked  ;  teeth  regularly  bitid  to  near  the  base,  Avith 
lit  \ar  distantly  articulate  segments;  anmdus  very  narrow,  per- 
sif-tcnt. —  Syn.  Muse.  Gl.  Dicranuni  ffnicilescens,  Web,  & 
]\[ohr.  Hot.  Tasch.  184;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  45,  4G;  Sulliv.  Mosses 
of  U.  States,  20.      OncopJiorus,  Lin  'b. 

Var.  inflexum,  Schimp.  Plants  smaller,  soft :  capsule 
nearly  ]K'ndent  from  the  arcuate  pedicel. — CuDipi/lajHis  cirr/uir 
tus,  irornsch. ;  l>rid.  IJryol.  Univ.  i.  470. 

Var.  alpestre,  Schimji.      Densely  tufted,  shorter  and  less 

divided:    leaves    narrower,    less    distinctly   papillose:    capsule 

smaller.  —  IHcramun  alpestre,  Wahl. 

IIaij.  .Subalpine  mountains;  liigli  summits  of  the  White  Mountains, 
of  ihe  Adirondacks,  etc.,  not  rare;  llockj  Mountains  [E.  Hall). 

3.  0.  polycarpum,  Schimp.  Stems  covered  with  a  thick 
coating  of  ra<licles:  leaves  close,  subcrispate  when  dry,  linear 
or  narrowly  lanceolate  from  the  oval  base,  serrulate  at  the  a))ex, 
distantly  ]ia))illose:  capsule  erect,  oblong  or  subcernuous,  with  a 
short  regular  or  strumose  collum  ;  jiedicel  long,  straight,  rigid  ; 
lid  crenulate  on  the  borders;  teeth  bifid,  more  or  less  irregu- 
larlv  <livided  ;  annulus  distinct,  easilv  detached.  —  Svn.  ^Vfusc.  62. 
Dicranuni  poli/carpuni,  Ehrh.;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  47;  Sulliv.  1.  c. 

Var.  strumiferum,  Schimp.  Cai>sule  subcernuous,  broadly 
ovate ;  collum  strumose. 

TTau.  Same  as  the  preceding;  Alaska  {Kdlofiri);  Lake  Superior 
(A'jassiz);  the  variety  on  rocks,  at  York  Factory  {Drummond). 


Dlchodontium.] 


BKYACEJE. 


Gl 


4.  0.  virens,  Schimp.  Plants  more  or  less  donsoly  ccspi- 
toso :  loaves  imrrowlv  lanceolate,  subulate  from  the  lialt'-sheath- 
ing  oblong  base,  recurved  or  revolute  on  the  borders,  entire  or 
serrulate  at  the  apex,  smooth  and  minutely  areolate  ;  costa  nar- 
rov,  percurrent  or  slightly  excurrent :  capsule  ovate-oblong  or 
subcylindrical,  more  or  less  curved,  constricted  under  the  orifice 
and  snutoth  "when  dry;  collum  short,  abruptly  inflated  and 
strumose  on  one  side  and  truncate  underneath  ;  lid  erose  at 
])ase  ;  teeth  of  the  ])eristome  nu)re  regulai-ly  bifid  ;  aninilus  none. 
—  Hyn,  Muse,  08.  JJicranum  vtVe/iS,  lledw.  Muse.  Frond,  iii. 
77,  t.  32  ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  4.S  and  4'J. 

^'ar.  Wahlenbergii,  IJruch  &  Schimp.  Stems  slender : 
leaves  longer-subuhjte,  slightly  reilexed  on  the  borders,  obscurely 
denticulate,  much  cris};ate  when  dry  :  capsule  shorter,  much 
curved  Avhen  dry.  —  Sulliv.  1.  c.  Oncophonis  Wa/deuberr/ii, 
Brid.     Angstroemia,  Muell. 

Var.  serratum.  Bruch  &  Schimj).  Loosely  ccspitose : 
leaves  divaricate-s}»reading,  curling,  coarsely  dentate ;  cajtsulo 
less  strumose. 

Var.  COmpactum,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Densely  tufted, 
yellowish  green  ;  j)lants  shorter  and  more  slender :  the  leaves 
shorter,  abiiiptly  nan  owed  from  an  enlarged  bast ,  much  cris- 
pate  and  very  entire  :  caj>sule  short,  gibbous,  rounded-strumose 
at  the  neck. 

IIaij.  Subalpine  rogions,  along  stroams  and  in  deep  glons,  on  trunks 
and  decayed  wood;  not  rare  and  very  variable.  The  first  variety  in  the 
Kocky  Mountains  {Dnoninond);  the  second  in  Oregon  (E,  Hall);  the  last 
in  the  White  Mountains  (Oakex),  and  in  Tuolumne  Canon  and  Mono  Pass, 
California,  at  9,000  feet  altitude  [lioluader). 


n- 


'  I 


18.  DIOHODONTIUM,  Schimp. 
Plants  loosely  cespitose.  Leaves  soft,  opaque,  dlvaricate- 
squarrose,  lingulate-lanceolate  from  an  onlarg«'<l  half-sheathing 
base  :  borders  irrefjularly  serrulate  :  medi^d  and  basilar  areolation 
rectangular,  quadrate  and  very  small  on  the  lyorders,  quadrate, 
chlorophyllose  and  obscure  at  the  apex.  Flowers  direcious. 
Capsule  solid,  cernuous,  smooth ;  collum  distinct,  not  strumose. 
Peristome  large  ;  teeth  cleft  to  below  the  middle.  Annulus 
none.  —  Dicrtumm^  Auct.,  in  part. 


iml ' 


ffff'^ 


62 


BRYACE^. 


[Dlchodontium, 


lm\ 


m 


1.  D.  pellucidum,  Scliimp.  Leaves  pellucid  at  tlie  oblong 
base,  linear-lanceolate,  hyaline-serrate,  pa]>illose  on  l>oth  faces, 
borders  Hat,  opacpie ;  costa  narrow,  crenulate  toward  the  ajjcx, 
vanishiii<4'  below:  capsule  suberect,  broadly  oval  or  subujlobose ; 
])e(licel  soft,  flexuous,  pale  yellow;  lid  obli(juely  long-bi-aked 
from  an  enlarujed  concave  base  ;  teeth  of  the  peristome  densely 
articulate,  dark  red  below,  orange  above.  —  Syn.  Muse.  05. 
Dicramon  ^>tV/?<t'<(/^^y??,  Iledw.  Sp.  Muse,  14U  ;  Jiryol.  Eur. 
t.  50  and  51.  .  A/n/ntneniia  jyelluckla,  Muell. 

Var.  Americanum,  Lescj.  l^eaves  twisted-crispato  when 
dry,  shorter  and  narrower ;  cells  of  the  basilar  areolation  longer: 
capsule  longer. 

Var.  serratum,  Schimp.  Stems  longer ;  leaves  larger 
and  coarsely  dentate  toward  the  ai)ex  :  capsule  oblong,  nearly 
erect. 

IIab,  Cascade  Mountains  {Lyall),  Fort  Yale  ( ^faconn) ;  the  first  variety 
at  lirattlcborouj;!),  Vermont  (Frost),  and  ni  derp  glens,  New  Jersey  and 
New  York  {Austin)',  var.  serratum,  Oregon  (E.  Hall). 

'2.  D.  Canadense.  Stem  stout,  simple :  leaves  enlarged 
and  clasping  at  base,  subulate-lanceolate,  divaricate  above,  serru- 
late on  the  borders ;  costa  strong  and  percurrent ;  cells  of  the 
areolation  elongated  at  base,  somewhat  oblong  above,  the  mar- 
ginal shorter,  all  pellucid :  capsule  turbinate,  unequal,  with  a 
broad  orifice ;  ])edicel  long,  rod ;  teeth  of  the  })eristome  large, 
red,  dicranoid.  —  Cynodontlum  Canadense,  Mitten,  Journ. 
Linn.  Soc.  viii.  17.  Dicranella  Schreheri,  var.  occide?itale, 
Austin,  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  vi.  844. 

IIab.  British  America,  probably  from  tlie  Rocky  Mountains  (Drum- 
viowL  n.  101,  in  part). 

Comparable  to  Dicranella  sqnarrosa,  from  wliicli  it  differs  In  the  leaves 
more  narrowly  subulate  and  with  tlie  borders  serrulate.  It  should  per- 
haps be  placed  under  Dicranella. 

19.  TREMATODON,  Michx.  (PI.  1.) 
Plants  short,  loosely  cespitose,  sparingly  branching.  Leaves 
lanceolate-subulate,  costate ;  cells  of  the  areolation  large. 
Flowers  autwcious.  Capsule  long-pedicellate,  oblong,  slightly 
arcuate,  with  a  long  narrow  collum.  OperculuTn  long-subulate. 
Annulus  simple  or  compound.  Teeth  of  the  peristome  narrowly 
lanceolate,  cleft  to  near  the  base  or  lacerate,  purple. 


Anystrccmia.] 


r.RYACE.E. 


G3 


1.  T.  ambigUlim,  TTonisrli.  Stems  sliort,  1  or  2  r.  in.  loiiuj: 
k'livc'S  ()|Kii,  ]:iiicc'()l:il(-siil)ul:it(',  caiialiculiite  from  an  uhloiit^- 
ovatc  base  ;  periclnL'tial  leaves  lar^e,  obloni^,  with  a  short  hmceo- 
late-aeiun'mate  point:  eaj)sule  e<jual  in  leni^tli  to  the  eylindrieal 
slii:;litly  arched  eolhim  or  shorter;  annuhis  hn"L?e,  revohilde; 
teetli  of  tlie  peristome  eleft  to  near  the  base  or  in  the  mi(MIo 
only  ;  seijnients  sometimes  irret^ularly  laeerate.  —  Ive«^ens.  Flora, 
ii.  88;  ]>ry(»l.  Eur.  t.  90.  JJicramon  anibi'(/i(i(?i>,  Iledw. 
^fuse.  Frond,  iii.  87,  t.  .'iO.  I'rondtodon  lonf/icollui,  Snlliv. 
&  Lescp  j\Iuse.  l>or.-Am.  n.  75,  in  part,  and  (ed.  2),  n.  00. 

Hah.     Wet  sandy  places  in  hilly  districts;  peat  bogs,  ditches,  etc. 

2.  T.  longicollis,  Mi'liv.  iJiffcrs  from  tlie  last  in  tlic 
shorter  ](lants,  the  ])ericha'ii  i  leaves  more  <,n'fi<bially  and  lonujer 
acuminate,  the  collum  of  the  oblonLj-cylindrieal  capsule  twice  as 
loni;,  the  teeth  of  the  peristome  narrower  subulate  with  nodose 
articulations  perforated  aloncj  the  divisural  line,  rarely  dis- 
jointed in  two  segments.  — 1*1.  I>or.-Am.  ii.  281);  Sulliv.  ^NIusc. 
Allegh.  n.  173,  and  Icon.  Muse.  31,  t.  19;  Sulliv.  &  Lesq.  jMusc. 
Bor.-Am.  (ed.  2),  n.  95. 

IlAn.  Moist  clayey  or  sandy  soil,  from  Pennsylvania  and  New  Jersey 
southward. 

20.  ANGSTRCBMIA,  Bruch  &  Schimp. 
Plants  densely  gregarious.  Stems  erect.  Leaves  minute, 
closely  imbricate  and  appressed,  with  a  thin  costa  vanishing 
below  the  apex;  areola!  ion  loose.  Flowers  dioecious;  male 
flowers  discoid-gemmaceous,  termi,  '1.  Capsule  erect,  globose- 
ovate,  symmetrical,  solid,  long-])edicelIate.  Lid  short-beaked 
from  a  conical  base.  Teeth  of  the  peristome  bifid  from  the 
middle,  rarely  simple. 

1.  A.  longipes,  Bruch  &  Scliimp.  Stems  simple  or 
sparingly  divided  ;  basilar  branches  illiform,  strict :  lower  leaves 
distant,  very  small,  ovate,  obtusely  short-acuminate,  the  upper 
and  the  perichietial  tufted,  oblong-ovate,  longer  acuminate, 
concave  :  ca])sule  small,  truncate  when  deoperculate ;  annulus 
none.  —  Bryol.  Eur.  t,.  94.  Wein/t  Jonoipes^  Sommerf.  Su|)iil. 
Flor.  Lapp.  52,  t.  Dicranum  Julaceum,  Hook.  &  Wils., 
Drumm.  Muse.  Am.  n.  100. 

IIab.    Portage  on  the  Columbia  River,  British  America  (Drummond). 


it 


Hi 


i 


m 


III 


llll 


64 


BRYACE.E. 


[Dicranella. 


21.  DICRANELLA,  Schimp. 


Plants  gt'iiorally  small.  Leaves  smooth;  cells  of  the  loose 
areolation  slightly  chloroj)hyllose,  the  uj)i)er  oLlong-hexagonal, 
the  lower  lomx-rectantiular.  Flowers  dia'cioiis,  rarelv  mono)- 
oious.  Capsule  generally  cernuoiis,  sometimes  struite.  l*eristome 
large  ;  teeth  regularly  bifid,  closely  articulate,  vertically  striolate ; 
segments  filiform,  minutely  granulose. 

*  Leaves  squarrose  or  spreading  all  aroimd. 

1.  D.  crispa,  Schimp.  Mona'cious :  plants  small,  slender, 
suhcespitose :  leaves  stpiare-ovate,  half-sheathing  at  base,  abruptly 
long-subulate,  minutely  serrulate  at  the  a])ex,  spreading,  Hexuous, 
cris]»ate  when  dry  :  capside  without  collum,  erect,  short-oval, 
jdicute-ribbed  wlnn  dry;  lid  long-subulate,  erect  or  obli(jue, 
crenulate  at  l)ase ;  annulus  narrow.  —  Bryol.  Eur.  Coroll. 
13;  Braithw.  Brit.  Moss-Fl.  i.  105,  t.  15,  D.  Dicramnn  oris- 
jtum,  Iledw.  Stir)).  Muse,  ii,  91,  t.  ^l ;  Br^'ol.  Eur.  t.  55. 

IIaij.  Near  tlie  Iliglilaiuls,  llocky  Mountains.  British  America  ( Drum- 
viond);  Galton  Mountains  (Li/all);  McLeod  Lake,  Canada  (Macoun). 

-.  D.  Grevilleana,  Schimji.  Monacious:  plants  more 
densely  crowded  und  stronger :  leaves  enlarged  and  undulate  at 
the  oblong  base,  abruptly  lonir-lanceolate  subulate,  entire ; 
pericha'tial  leaves  with  a  long  tuwulose  sheathing  l)ase  :  capsule 
cernuous,  obovate  or  oval,  obscurely  striate,  with  a  short  stru- 
mose  coHum ;  lid  subulate,  shorter  than  in  the  last  species  ; 
annulus  none. —  Bryol.  Eur.  Coroll.  13.  I'>rra)nim  ISchreheria- 
fii/Df,  (irev.  Scot.  Crypt,  t.  IIG  ;  Hook.  &  Wils.,  Drumm.  Muse. 
Am.  n.  97.  Dicrarvtm  GreviUeanum^  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  54.  Ani- 
sotheciuni  Grevillei^  Lindb.  Utk.  Nat.  Gru])}).  Eur.  Bladm.  33 ; 
Braithw.  1.  c.  113,  t.  10,  D. 

IlAn.     Alpine  stations  in  British  America  (T)rummond). 

It  is  not  certain  that  tills  species  has  been  foinid  in  Ameriea.  Accord- 
ing to  Sehini])er.  n.  07  of  Druininond's  Mosses  rcjjresents  it,  but  an  ex- 
amination of  tlie  specimens  given  in  three  different  sets  under  this  num- 
ber shows  that  they  all  represent  I).  iSchreberi. 

3,  D.  Schreberi,  Schimp.  In  cize  and  aspect  this  species 
is  like  the  ]irecedmg,  from  Avliich  it  differs  in  its  dia'cious  in- 
florescence, the  leaves  shorter,  carinate  above,  not  as  abruptly 
and  narrowly  subulate,  serrulate  toward  the  apex,  and  in  the 


Eur.  Coroll. 


Dicranella,] 


BRYACE.^. 


65 


shorter  less  distinct  collum  of  the  smooth  (not  striate)  capsule. 
—  Bryol.  Eur.  Coroll.  13.  JJicranum  iScJireberl,  Swartz. ; 
Hedw.  Sp.  Muse.  144,  t.  33 ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  53.  AiUsothecium 
crUpum,  Lindb. ;  Braithw.  1.  e.,  t.  16,  E. 

Var.  OCCidentalis,  Aust.  Leaves  often  very  entire ;  cells 
half  as  broad.  —  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  vi.  344. 

Had.  Hills  in  the  Adirondack  Mountains  (Lesqncreux);  White  ^roun- 
tains  of  New  England,  and  clay  ditches  near  Lancaster,  Pennsylvania 
(James)',  the  variety  near  Portland,  Oregon  [Xei-'uiH). 

4.  D.  SquarrOSa,  Schimp.  Diccclous :  ])lants  robust,  ccs- 
pitose,  radiculose,  yellowish  or  dark-green  :  leaves  enlarged,  and 
sheathing  at  the  oblong  base,  lanceolate,  concave,  divaricatc- 
sqnarrosc  from  the  middle,  blunt  at  the  creinilate  apex:  capsule 
obovate  or  oblong-ovate,  cernuous,  with  a  short  distinct  collum 
or  none  ;  lid  long-conical  or  short-beaked  ;  annulus  none.  Bryol. 
Eur.  Coroll.  13.  Dicranum  sqnarrosum,  Schrad.  Journ.  Bot. 
v.  08;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  52.  Anisotheciwn  squarrosiDn  Lhidb. ; 
Braithw.  1.  c.  114,  t.  16,  F. 

II AB.     Alaska  (Harrington). 

*  #  Leaves  secund  or  suhsecund.     Flowers  dioecious. 

5.  D.  Cerviculata,  Schimp.  Densely  and  widely  cespitose, 
bright  green;  stems  short,  1  cent,  long:  leaves  half-clasping  at 
base,  flexuous,  spreading  or  secund,  lanceolate-subulate,  con- 
cave, entire,  glossy ;  costa  flat,  percurrent,  enlarged  at  base  : 
capsule  light  brown,  broadly  ovate,  gibl)ous  with  a  short  stru- 
niose  collum;  pedicel  slender,  yellow  ;  annulus  very  narrow,  per- 
sistent;  lid  long  subulate-rostrate.  —  Bryol.  Elur.  Coroll.  13; 
Braith.  1.  c.  109,  t.  10,  A.  Dicranum  cervicidatum.,  Iledw. 
Muse.  Frond,  iii.  89,  t.  37  ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  50 ;  SuUiv.  Mosses 
of  IT.  States,  21. 

IlAn.  Upon  peat,  on  the  sides  of  ditches  in  cranberry  marshes  of 
Northern  Ohio  (Lesquereux)\  White  ^Fountains  (Jaincn). 

0.  D.  varia,  Schimp.  Gregarious  or  cespitose ;  plants 
short:  leaves  erect-spreading  or  turned  to  one  side,  oblong  at 
base,  gradually  lanceolate-subulate,  carinate,  entire  or  slightly 
denticulate  at  the  apex ;  costa  percurrent :  capsule  reddish- 
brown,  cernuous,  oblong-ovate,  with  a  short  indistinct  collum, 
constricted  under  the  orifice  when  dry  ;  lid  large,  short-beaked ; 
peristome  large,  dark  red,  the  teeth  connivent  at  the  apex 
iuto  a  cone;  annulus  none.  —  Bryol.  Eur.  Coroll.  13.     Dicra- 


i 


? 


: 


!,i 


•  • 


i 


i!  I 


III 


66 


m:\   CE-E. 


[DlcrancUn. 


num  vai'ium,  Iledw.  Muse.  Frond,  ii.  03,  t.  34;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  57 
and  58;  Sulliv.  1.  c.  Aiiisot/uicinm  varium,  Mitt.  A.  rul/ru/ii, 
Liiidb. ;  Bniithw.  1.  c.  110,  t.  IG,  JJ. 

II Alt.     Wet  ground;  clayey  and  sandy  baiiks  in  plain  districts. 

A  very  common  and  variable  species.  Plants  with  capsules  of  diverse 
forms  are  often  found  in  the  same  tufts. 

7.  D.  rufescens,  Schimp.  Of  the  same  size  and  appearance 
as  tlie  last,  differint^  in  tlie  less  erowded  fidcatc-seeund  linear- 
laneeolate  leaves  with  a  broader  areolation,  the  ea})sule  ovate, 
erect,  symmetrieal,  smaller,  the  ]>edieel  dark  red,  and  the  lid 
conical-acuminate.  —  Bryol.  Eur.  Coroll.  13.  Dicranwn  ritfe.-i- 
ccffs,  Turner,  Muse.  Ilibern.  GO  ;  IJryol.  Eur.  t.  59  ;  Sulliv.  1.  c. 
AnisotJieciaui  rufescens^  Lindb. ;  Braithw.  1.  c.  112,  t.  IG,  C. 

IlAiJ.     Clay  and  gravelly  soil,  plains  and  mountains. 

8.  D.  debilis.     Size  and  a])pearance  of  the  plants  snme  as 

in  the  preeedin<^.     Leaves  gradually  increasing  in  length  from 

the  base  uj)vvard,  linear-lanceolate,  with  borders  undulate  and 

recurved  ;    areolation  loose  ;    costa  vanishing  below  the  blunt 

ai)ex :    capside  oval,   erect,  symmetrical,  without   collum ;    lid 

long-rostrate, straight ;  annulus large, simi)le.  —  Dicranum deb'de^ 

Hook  tt  Wils.,  IJrumm.  Muse.  Am.  (Coll.  II.),  n.  51,  52 ;  Sulliv. 

Mosses  of  U.  States,  21,  and  Icon.  Muse.  33,  t.  20. 

Hab.  Banks  of  ditches  and  roadsides,  South  Carolina  to  Florida;  very 
common  in  Cuba. 

9.  D.   subulata,  Schimp.      Loosely  tufted  and  somewhat 

larger  than  the  last:  leaves  half-clasping  at  the  ellij)tical  base, 

narrowed  above  into  a  long  setaceous  subulate  entire  })oint ; 

costa  excurrent ;  areolation  minute ;  pericha'tial  leaves  tubulose 

at  base,   abruptly  longer  subulate :    capsule   cernuous,  ovate, 

gibbous,  not  strumose  or  slightly  so,  obscurely  striate,  plicate 

when  dry ;  pedicel  long,  red ;  lid  long  subulate-rostrate,  curved  ; 

annulus  double.  —  Bryol.  Eur.  Coroll.  13.    Dicranimi  suhidatum^ 

Hedw.  Spec.  Muse.  128,  t.  34  ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  CO  ;  Sulliv.  1.  c.  21. 

JJicrcmella  secimda,  Lindb. ;  Braithw.  1.  c.  lOG,  t.  15,  E. 

IIab.  Alpine  and  subalpine  regions,  eastern  and  western  slopes  of 
North  America;  not  imcommon. 

10.  D.  heteromalla,  Schimp.  Plants  cespitose,  of  medium 
size,  simple  or  forking :  leaves  erowded,  secund,  lanceolate  from 
the  base,  narrowly  long-subulate,  denticulate  or  entire  at  the 
apex,  glossy  ;  perichaetial  leaves  with  a  short  half-clasping  base, 
abruptly  and  narrowdy  long-subulate :  capsule  cernuous,  more 


1  >i 


Dicranum.] 


BIlYACEyE. 


67 


or  less  reclined,  ovate  or  oblonc,  obscurely  striate,  plicate  when 
dry,  with  a  short,  often  indistinct,  collum,  slightly  constricted 
under  the  obliquely  inclined  orifice;  j)edicel  yellow;  lid  long 
subulate-beaked  ;  teeth  bitid  or  triiid  ;  annulus  siinj)le,  very  nar- 
row.—  Bryol.  Eur.  CoroU.  13;  IJraithw.  Brit.  3Ioss-Fl.  i.  107, 
t.  15,  G.  JJici'iDtum  Jieterohiallam^  liedw.  Muse.  Frond,  i.  08, 
t.  20  ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  02  ;  SuUiv.  1.  c. 

IIah.  Kocks,  clay  banks,  naked  soil,  roots  of  trees,  especially  in  moun- 
tainous regions;  very  conmion. 

A  very  variable  species;  the  leaves  sometimes  erect-open  and  strict  (var. 
or///o/)/(?//^a),  or  interruptedly  tufted  (var.  intcmqita,  Schlmp.);  capsule 
sometimes  straight  (var.  orthocarpa),  etc.  It  is  easily  distinguished  from 
the  preceding  by  the  bright  color  of  the  glossy  leaves  and  the  yellow  pedi- 
cel of  the  reddish  capsule,  whicli  elongated  when  dry  has  its  oritice  curved 
inward  or  oblique. 

11.  D.  CUrvata,  Schimp.  Loosely  cespitose;  steins  shorter 
than  in  the  last  s})ecies:  leaves  setaceous,  subulate  from  a  short 
ovate  base,  canaliculate  upwards,  minutely  denticulate  at  the 
apex,  falcate ;  perichajtial  leaves  longer  at  the  oblong  l)ase  :  cap- 
sule erect  or  scarcely  inclined,  oblong,  distinctly  striate,  sym- 
metrical ;  lid  large  at  the  highly  convex  base,  less  narrowly 
subulate;  teeth  regularly  bifid  to  the  middle;  annulus  broader. 
—  Bryol.  Eur.  Coroll.  1.3 ;  Braithw.  1.  c.  100, 1. 15,  F.  Dicranum 
cui'catum,  Iledw.  Sp.  Muse.  18*2,  t.  31  ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  01. 

IIau.  On  sandstone,  Lancaster  County,  Pennsylvania  ( T.  (.'.  Porter) ; 
"White  Mountains  (James).     Very  rare. 


I 't 


r. 


m 


'V 


22.  DICRANUM,  Iledw.    (PI.  1,2.) 

Plants  large,  once  or  many  times  dichotomous.  Stems  radio- 
ulose  at  base  or  all  covered  with  a  coatino;  of  radicles.  Leaves 
spreading  or  secund,  rarely  papillose,  lanceolate-subulate  or  long- 
lanceolate,  with  a  solid  semi-terete  more  or  less  dilated  costa ; 
cells  of  the  areolation  linear-oblong  in  the  upper  part  of  the 
leaves,  long  and  generally  very  narrow  toward  the  base,  enlarged 
quadrate  and  sometimes  inflated  and  colored  at  the  angles  ;  peri- 
chwtial  leaves  more  or  less  sheathing.  Flowers  monircious  or 
dioecious.  Capsule  erect  or  cernuous,  with  a  regular  or  rarely 
strumose  collum.  Operculum  subulate-beaked.  Teeti.  of  the 
peristome  bitid,  purple  at  base. 


• » 


68 


BUYACE.E. 


[Dicranuin. 


\%^:t 


♦  Plants  smally   tmmy  yellow:    capsule  short-pedicellate,   €7i- 

larcfed  at  the  orifice  icJien  dry ;   teeth  very  hyyroscopic, 
radiate-spreadiny  when  dry. 

1.  D.  fulvellum,  Smith.  Monoecious:  densely  pulvinatc ; 
stems  slender,  1  c.  m.  long :  leaves  faleate-secund,  concave, 
oblong  at  base,  subulate-canaliculate  to  the  obscurely  serrulate 
apex  ;  costa  j)ercurrent ;  pericha'tial  leaves  sheathing  to  the 
middle,  lanceolate,  long  setaccous-tubulose  above :  ca])sule 
small,  ovate-oblong,  erect  or  slightly  ccrnuous,  with  a  short 
equal  collum,  smooth,  constricted  under  the  broad  orifice  when 
dry ;  lid  obliquely  short-beaked ;  teeth  8[)lit  into  two  une(|[ual 
long-subulate  segments;  annulus  double.  —  Fl.  Brit.  iii.  1209  ; 
Schinip.  Syn.  77  ;  Braithw.  1.  c.  141,  t.  19,  G.  Arctoa  fulvella, 
Bryol.  Eur.  t.  86 ;  Sulliv.  Mosses  of  U.  States,  19. 

Had.  On  wet  black  soil  in  alpnie  regions,  and  in  fissures  of  rocks; 
higliest  mountains  of  New  England  and  New  York. 

♦  #  Plants  laryer,  many  times  dichotomoiis,  prostrate  at  base : 

leaves  close,  falcate:  capsule  cernuous  with  strumose  collum: 
flowers  monoecious. 

2.  D.  Starkii,  Web.  &  Mohr.  Plants  green,  cespitose: 
leaves  setaceous-subulate  from  an  ovate-lanceolate  base,  entire, 
faleate-secund,  crispate  when  dry ;  cells  of  the  areolation  linear 
nearly  to  the  base,  square-inflated  at  the  angles :  capsule  cylin- 
drical-oblong, more  or  less  arcuate,  obscurely  striate ;  lid  subu- 
late, long-beaked  ;  annulus  double,  large.  —  Bot.  Tasch.  189  ; 
Bryol.  Eur.  t.  64 ;  J5raithw.  Brit.  Moss-Fl.  i.  144,  t.  20,  C. 

IIab.  Alpine  regions,  in  fissures  of  rocks  and  on  the  ground;  White 
Mountains  {Oakes,  James);  Kocky  Mountains  (Drummond,  Muse.  Am. 
n.  80). 

8.  D.  falcatum,  Iledw.  Differs  from  the  last  in  its  more 
comi)act  growth,  the  loaves  more  regularly  and  strongly  falcate, 
dark  green  passing  to  black,  obscurely  denticulate  at  the  apex, 
not  crispate  when  dry,  with  alar  cells  smaller  and  scarcely  or 
not  at  all  inflated :  the  capsule  is  shorter,  thick,  inflated  or 
gibbous,  not  striate,  with  a  shorter  pedicel ;  peristome  dark 
purj)le ;  annulus  simple,  narrower.  —  Sp.  Muse.  150,  t.  32 ; 
Bryol.  Eur.  t.  65  ;  Braithw.  1.  c.  143,  t.  20,  B. 

IIab.     Same  as  the  preceding. 

4.  D.  Blyttii,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Tufts  loose,  dusky  green; 
stems  erect,  divided  into  fragile  slender  branches :  leaves  erect 


■1 


Dicranum.] 


BRYACE^. 


69 


at  base,  spreading,  flexuous  or  subsccund  above,  lanccolate- 
eiibiihitc,  entire,  shorter  and  narrower  than  in  the  two  preceding 
species,  very  thinly  costate  ;  alar  cells  large,  inflated ;  jjericluc- 
tial  leaves  long-sheathing,  shorter  pointed :  caj)sule  smaller, 
cernuous  or  incurved,  not  gibbous  but  struinose,  smooth ;  teeth 
of  the  j)eristome  narrower :  male  flowers  near  the  base  of  tho 
iiniovations,  not  close  to  the  perichietium  as  in  both  the  preced- 
ing sj)ecies.  —  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  03.  IJ.  iSchidti,  Lindb. 
llAB.     Same  as  the  precudiny. 

*  *  *  Plants  cespitose^  tomentose :  areolation  inflated  at  the 
basal  angles :  flowers  duecious  ,'  peric/uf'tium  sJieathhig : 
capsule  erect,  long-ovate  with  a  short  equal  collum  /  ^:)tfc/t*ce^ 
jxde,  ticisted  to  the  left  when  drij  ;   teeth  narroicer. 

5.  D.  strictum,  Schleich.  Plants  ])ale  or  yellowish  green : 
loaves  rigid,  very  brittle,  lanceolate-subulate,  canaliculate  above  ; 
alar  cells  very  large,  orange :  teeth  dark-orange,  irregularly 
bitid ;  annulus  very  narrow.  —  Schwaegr.  Suppl.  i.  188,  t.  43 ; 
Bryol.  Eur.  t.  06. 

IIab.  Decayed  trunks;  Lake  Superior  (ylr/as.s/z);  Little  Slave  Lake 
(.Vacouji);  Fort  Colville  (Lyall);  Northwestern  Montana,  and  on  Kettle 
Kiver  and  at  Spokaii  Falls,  Washington  Territory  {Watson);  mountains 
of  California  (liolander). 

0,  D.  montanum,  Iledw.  Plants  densely  and  widely 
cos])itosc :  leaves  soft,  spreading  or  slightly  secund,  crispatc 
when  dry,  lanceolate-subulate,  concave,  serrulate,  slightly  ])apil- 
lose  on  the  back  and  green  above,  pale,  smooth  and  loosely 
areolate  in  the  lower  part ;  alar  cells  small,  tawny  ;  perichnetial 
loaves  abruptly  subulate :  capsule  pale,  obscurely  striate ; 
annulus  rather  large.  —  Sp.  Muse.  143,  t.  35  ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  07. 

IL\B.     On  decaying  trunks,  northern  and  mountain  regions;  rare. 

7.  D.  viride,  Schimp.  Plants  pulvinate  and  cespitose : 
loaves  brittle,  o})en-erect,  lanceolate-subulate,  canaliculate,  tliick- 
costatc ;  areolation  rectangular,  short  in  the  upper  part,  larger 
and  hyaline  from  the  middle  downward,  brown  at  the  angles ; 
pericha?tial  leaves  abruptly  subulate :  capsule  oblong,  erect 
or  slightly  curved.  —  Bryol.  Eur.  Suppl.  Dicrayium,  1,  t.  1. 
Campylopus  viridis,  Sulliv.  &  Lesq.  Muse.  Bor.-Am.  n.  72 ; 
Sulliv.  Mosses  of  U.  States,  103,  and  Icon.  Muse.  30,  t.  18. 

IIab.  Trunks  of  prostrate  trees  in  dense  woods;  not  rare  in  the  North- 
cm  States,  but  not  yet  found  in  fruit. 


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70 


I3RYACE.E. 


[!)ii:ranam. 


8.  D.  flagellare,  TTcdw.  Tufts  C()mj)act,  })ri<>ht  green ; 
steins  short,  pnxliieiiig  from  the  axils  of  the  uj)j)er  leaves  small 
slender  fugaeious  branehlets  {Jlmjelbi)  \\\\\\  very  small  ap- 
pressed  bracteal  leaves:  stem-leaves  lanc;eulate-sul»ulate,  eon- 
eave,  denticulate  at  the  aj)ex,  suhsccund,  the  u]>per  t\viste<l  when 
dry;  eosta  broad,  compressed:  ca)»sule  long-cylindrical,  striate, 
somewhat  j)licate  when  dry.  —  Muse.  Frond,  iii.  1,  t.  1  ;  IJryol. 
Eur.  t.  08  ;  IJraithw.  1.  c.  155,  t.  li.'J,  C. 

Var.  SUbfluitans,  Aust.  Stems  immersed,  longer,  slender; 
leaves  more  distant.  —  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  vi.  .')44. 

II. \n.  Decayed  trunks  in  deep  woods,  very  common.  The  variety  in 
depressions  of  Hat  roclfs;  New  York,  sterile  (Aualin). 

0.  D.  fulvum.  Hooker.  Plants  dusky  yellow  or  brownish 
green,  loosely  cespitose;  stems  solid,  curved  down  at  base: 
leaves  spreading,  flexuous  or  falcate-secund,  tuftc(l  at  the  apex, 
crisj)ate  when  dry,  narrowly  ovate  at  base,  gradually  long-set a- 
ccous-subulate,  canaliculate  to  the  denticulate  apex:  ca]>sulo 
short-j)edicellate,  cylindrical-oblong,  brown  or  black,  j)licato 
when  old;  annulus  d(juble,  narrow.  —  Muse.  Exot.  t.  141).  J). 
iHternfjjtu>/i,  Brid. ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  01) ;  Sulli  v.  Mosses  of  U.  States, 
22.     ^'^i/rrhopodon  (?)  Itauei,  Aust.  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  vi.  74. 

llAn.     .Sliaded  sandstone  rocks  in  hilly  rcijions;  not  rare. 

Judging  from  tlie  description  of  the  autlior,  Hyrrhopodon  Jiav.ii 
(liiTers  from  this  species  in  being  less  robust,  the  leaves  shorter  and  less 
crowiled,  the  areolation  less  enlarged,  the  costa  not  as  strong,  the  male 
flowers  terminal.  These  are  the  cliaraetei's  of  the  young  plants  of  1).  ful- 
viDit,  the  leaves  being  shorter,  less  crowded,  and  of  a  more  delicate  texture. 
Tlie  male  flowers  are  always  terminal,  only  pushed  aside  each  succeeding 
year  by  tlie  new  innovations,  the  tufted  leaves  at  the  tops  of  the  innova- 
tions giving  the  stems  an  interrupted  appearance. 

10.  D.  longifolium,  Iledw.  Tufts  soft,  pale  or  whitish 
green,  glossy ;  stems  arched  and  geniculate,  slender,  slightly 
radiculose:  leaves  long,  falcate-secund,  rarely  spreading,  ojicn 
at  the  short  lanceolate  base,  constricted  into  a  very  long  suh- 
tubulose-sul)ulatG  point,  serrate  above  on  the  borders  and  the 
back;  inner  perichietial  leaves  convolute  and  sheathing  to  near 
the  apex :  capsule  cylindrical,  erect  or  slightly  curved,  not  stri- 
ate, yellowish  brown;  pedicel  reddish  in  the  lower  part. — 
Muse.  Frond,  iii.  24,  t.  9 ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  72;  Braithw\  1.  c.  158, 
t.  24,  B. 

Var.  strictius,  Aust.  Stems  longer,  more  rigi^i,  immersed  ; 
leaves  shorter,  erect.  —  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  vi.  044. 


Dicranum.] 


BUY  ACE. E. 


71 


Var.  plumosum,  Los(|.  Hypnoid-nliimosi'  in  aspoct ;  tufts 
very  louse;  stems  mostly  simple,  without  radicles:  leaves  loiii^or, 
narrower,  oj)en,  tlexuous  or  faleatf,  denticulate  on  the  borders, 
rurrose  on  the  hack.  —  JJicnihodo/itiion  nitidinn,  J;xmvH,V>n\\. 
Torr.  Club,  vi.  U. 

JI.MJ.  liocUs  ami  bark  of  liviii.i;  Irros,  tho  bocch  osptH-ially,  in  sub- 
alpiuo  ivLjioiis;  not  ran;  in  llic  Adiroii  'nek  ni(>untaiii-i.  \»r.  Ktrirtlnn,  in 
depressions  on  Hat  rocks,  wltli  tlii!  varicLv  of  1).  JtiKjcluirc  {Anslin):  van 
jdiimnsitm,  at  I)ixvill(!  Nolcli,  New  llan'  '^Itiro,  uiidtT  a  dam  (  fames). 

11.  D.  albicans,  Jb-uch  tfe  &^*himp.  Plants  densely  oesjil- 
tose,  yellowish  yi-ccn  when  moistened,  whitish  when  dry;  stems 
stout  and  very  lonuf,  thickly  tonientose:  leaves  erect  or 
sliyhtlv  turiH'd  to  one  side,  oblomr  at  base,  iiari'owlv  lanceolate- 
acmuinate,  nearly  tubulosc  by  the  incurvint^  bor(h'i\s;  costa  very 
bruail,  enlarL!:ed  at  base  and  lilliui;  the  whole  leaf  excejit  a  nar- 
row b(>rder;  outer  i»ericha'tial  leaves  short-sheath iuiif  at  base, 
abruptlv  lanceolate-subulate  and  bn)adlv  costate,  the  inner  lonir- 
sheathim;,  ecostate  :  capsule  long,  cylindrical,  smooth;  beak  of 
the  lid  as  long  as  the  capsule,  narrowly  subulat(! ;  teeth  large, 
densely  striolate,  jiapillose  above,  connate  at  base,  billd  and  per- 
forated to  the  middle;  annnlus  simi>le,  large. — IJryol.  Kur. 
t.  7;J.      Carnpt/lopus  /S/i<nrit\  Wils. 

ILvn.     Siibalpiue  and  arctic  regions ;  Xortliwcstern  America  ( Douglas). 

*  *  *  *  l^htnts  of  larr/e  size,  radieulosr-tomentos'',  to  the  base 
of  the  hh/hest  i/moratiotiti :  leaves  Jo)itj,  more  »'  less  airrcd, 
htnceolatosHhalate,  i/htssy  ;  ureohdlon  of  the  busildr  angles 
broadly  quadrate:  f  overs  di<ecious  ;  nude  buds  often  pro- 
duced on  small  annual  j)lants  front  the  2>rotJudlluni  and 
rnl.ved  in  the  felt  of  radicles:  caj)sule  lony,  cernuous, 
arcuate. 

1'2.  D.  elongatum,  Schwacgr.  Plants  in  comjiact  yellow- 
ish green  tufts ;  stems  very  long  and  slender :  leaves  open-erect 
or  subsecund,  lanceolate-subulate  from  an  enlarged  oblong  base, 
very  entire,  smooth;  costa  narrow,  vanishing  in  the  apex  ;  cells 
of  the  areolation  very  narrow,  (mlarged,  fpia<lrangular  at  the 
angles:  cap>ule  cernuons,  gibbons-ovate,  substriate,  furrowcd- 
plicate  Avhen  em]>ty  ;  }»e<licel  ])  -le,  comparatively  short ;  lid  i)ale, 
long-subulate,  rostrate  from  a  conical  base;  annnlus  sim]>le,  nar- 
row.—  Sup]>l.  i.  171,  t.  48;  Bryol.  Enr.  t.  76.  I).  Jlacomii, 
Aust.,  Cuult.  Bui.  Gaz.  ii.  90,  sterile  sjjecimens. 


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72 


UUYACE/E 


[Dicranum. 


h|i  -i 


Var.  orthocarpum,  Schlmi).  Plants  slender:  leaves 
shorter,  erect;  eapsulo  small,  erect. 

IIaii.  Ho^s  ;uii1  (liim])  rocks,  in  .'iliiinn  and  siibalplnn  ronjloiis;  Mount 
Marcy;  Wliito  Mountains;  Nortlicrn  siiorcs  of  Lalvc  Superior  (.Ij/a.s.su); 
liocky  Motnitains  {Dninnitond)',  Vancouver  Island  {Mactjuit), 

l«'i.  D.  fuscescens,  Turn.  Plants  loosely  t'es|»itosr,  vari- 
able in  size,  slender  or  robust:  leaves  more  or  less  tufted  at  the 
tops  of  the  innovations,  secund  or  ilexuous,  pale  green  or  tawny 
yellow,  slightly  twisted  in  tlio  npper  part  when  dry,  narrowly 
lanceolate-subulate,  concave ;  costa  Hat  and  broad;  cells  of  the 
.ireolation  niiruite,  rouiub^d-cjuadrate  in  the  uj)per  part  of  the 
leaves,  long  and  narrowly  rectangular  from  the  middle  down- 
ward, even  to  the  bas(!  near  the  costa,  enlarge<l,  ([uadrate  and 
yellow  at  the  angles;  perlcluetial  leaves  sheathing,  abruptly 
sliort-subulate  ])()inted:  ealyj'tra  large,  white:  cajtside  ovate- 
oblong,  more  or  less  turgid,  inflated  at  the  collum,  striate,  fur- 
rowed when  dry  ;  lid  [lale,  long  subulate-beaked ;  teeth  irregu- 
larly split  and  j)erfonited;  annulus  narrow.  —  Muse,  llibern.  GO, 
t,  5.  J>.  co)if/('st>ni),  IJrid.  3Iusc.  Recent.  Suppl.  i.  170  ;  liryol. 
Eur.  t.  77  ;  SuHiv.  Mosses  of  U.  States,  22. 

Var.  longirostre,  Schimp.  Leaves  narrower,  crisjiato  when 
dry,  subserrulat"  at  the  apex:  capsule  shorter,  ovate,  turgid, 
distinctly  striate;  lid  with  a  longer  slender  beak. —  D.  lo)i<ji- 
rostre,  Schwaegr. 

Var.  flexicaule,  Schimp.  Sterns  long,  decumbent,  genicu- 
late or  ilexuous,  without  radicles :  leaves  falcate  secund :  cap- 
sule long-])edicellate.  —  D.  Jlexicaule^  lirid. 

Var.  angUStifolium,  Schimp.  Plants  short,  densely  tufted : 
leaves  erect,  narrow,  blackish  or  dull  green. 

IIai?.  On  rocks  and  decayed  ■wood,  very  common  in  mountainous 
regions  and  very  variable.  The  above  described  varieties  and  some  others 
less  marked  have  been  observed  in  North  America.  The  species  is  rare 
in  California.  A  variety  with  leaves  papillose  on  the  back  has  been  sent 
from  the  redwoods  of  that  State  by  Bolander. 

14.  D.  Mublenbeckii,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Plants  densely 
ccsi)itose  and  tomentose,  dark  green,  passing  to  black  Avhen 
old ;  stems  long,  erect :  leaves  crowded,  spreading,  flexuous, 
twisted-crisfjate  when  dry,  lanceolate-subulate,  concave  or  suIk 
tubulose  above,  denticulate  toward  the  aj)ex,  smooth  on  the 
back,  loosely  areolate  toward  the  base  ;  alar  cells  not  inflated 
nor   enlarged,  orange-colored ;    inner  pcricha}tial   leaves   long- 


Dicranum,  I 


UIIVACK-E. 


tubiilosc,  abruptly  sliort-subiilrite :  capsulo  croct,  cylindrical, 
pubarcuatc,  Hcarci'ly  striate,  <m  a  loiii;  straw-colored  pedici'l ;  lid 
shorter  than  in  the  last  8|>ecie.s,  obli<|iU' ;  aimiilus  narrow. — 
Uryol.  Kur.  t.  78.  Ca/itj>i/hj*us  Jiiiuci,  Aust.,  C'oult.  JJot.  (iaz. 
1.28. 

II. \u.  Hoots  of  trees  in  the  Kocky  Mountains  (E.  Hall);  Suntii  Fo, 
New  Mexico  (Fvudlcr). 

IT).  D.  rhabdocarpum,  SuUiv.  Closely  allied  to  the  pre- 
ceding;, it  differs  in  the  plants  heinijf  simple  or  rarely  divided  by 
innovations,  the  leaves  lanceolate  or  sli<4htly  subulate  or  lini'ar- 
lanceolate,  acuminate,  open-erect  or  subsecund,  crispate  when 
dry,  the  imier  j)ericluL'tial  leaves  narrowed  into  a  Ion;;  tlion<^- 
shaped  ]ioint,  the  capsule  narrower  cylindrical,  erect,  substru- 
moso  or  inllated  at  the  h)n_<;  collum,  strongly  striate  especially 
when  dry,  polished,  the  loni;  st..ii_L,dit-beaked  lid,  the  teeth  |)alo 
red  and  more  reujular,  the  aniudus  large  and  subrevoluble. — 
Mem.  iVm.  iVcad.  n.  ser.  iv.  17*J,  t.  3. 

II. \n.  Same  as  the  last;  llocky  Mountains  (E.  Hall,  Doicnie);  Mt. 
Graliaui,  Arizona  (liuthrock)',  Santa  Fe  (Fendler). 

H'».  D.  fragilifolium,  Lindb.  Plants  densely  cespitose ; 
stems  sleiuler,  erect :  leaves  erect,  strict,  brittle  and  ifciu'rally 
broken  at  the  apex,  lanceolate,  gradually  narrowed  from  the 
base  into  a  long  setaceous  jioint,  very  entire,  glossy ;  cells  of 
the  arcolation  quadrate  above,  rectangular  below,  filled  with 
greenish  yellow  chloropliyll,  ])ellucid  and  enlarged  at  the  angles  ; 
])ericlKetial  leaves  convolute,  sheatliing,  constricted  into  a  seta- 
ceous point :  ca])side  ovate,  striate  by  dark  lines  to  below  the 
orifice,  furrowed  when  dry ;  lid  with  a  subulate  curved  pale 
beak  ;  teeth  entire  to  above  the  middle,  bifid,  not  perforated 
above ;  annulus  simple,  revoluble.  —  Sehimp.  Syn.  89,  and 
Bryol.  Eur.  Su])i>l.  JJicranam,  2,  t.  2. 

IIaij.     Vancouver  Island  (Macoun,  187.0). 

17.  D.  SCOparium,  Iledw.  In  loose  yellowish,  rarely  green 
tufts;  stems  solid,  generally  long:  leaves  secund  or  falcate, 
rarely  erect,  more  or  less  tufted  at  the  top  of  the  innovations, 
linear-subulate  from  a  lanceolate  base,  sharply  serrate  and  undu- 
late on  the  borders  in  the  upper  part ;  costa  compressed,  fur- 
rowed and  denticulate  on  the  back  toward  the  apex  ;  areolation 
rectangular  in  the  upper  part,  narrower  and  vermicular  toward 
the  base,  large,  quadrate,  orange-colored  at  the  angles:   male 


;  i  ; 


ii'iii'iii ! 


'!" 


•  » 


74 


BPvYACE.E. 


IDlcramtm. 


})l:ints  |»rofliico(l  in  buds  in  the  felt  of  radicles:  c:i]/sii!;.' ionu', 
ceiMuions,  rarely  erect,  <ylin<lrical,  somewhat  incurved,  arcuate 
when  <h-y,  solid  ;  lid  convex  at  base,  gradually  narrowed  into  a 
strong  Ixak,  as  long  as  the  cai)sule  ;  peristome  solid,  dark  red  ; 
ainndus  none. —  Fund.  .^rusc.  ii.  1)2;  Brvol.  Eur.  t.  7'/;  IJraitliw. 
].  c.  140,  t.  21,  A.      liryinn  scDparinin^  Linn.  Spec.  Tl.  1117. 

Var.  squarrOSUm.  Leaves  bi-oader,  rellexed-S(iuarrose,  the 
}>erich:etial  costate,  with  a  lunger  llexuous  dentate  ])()int :  cap- 
sule narrower.  —  I),  scoparuwt,  var.,  SuUiv.  &  Lesc^.  Muse.  Ijor.- 
Am.  Exsicc.  n.  GO. 

Var.  paludosum,  Ib-uch  &  Schimp.  Tufts  light  green  ; 
plants  long,  robust :  leaves  large,  rugulose.  Much  like  JJ. 
palxdosiini^  and  often  confounded  with  it. 

Var.  pallidum.  Plants  and  leaves  ])ale  green  ;  cells  of  the 
areolation  long  and  vermicular,  irregularly  walled  ;  pericha'tial 
leaves  rounded-sinuate  above  :  cajisule  cylindrical,  very  arched. 

—  1).  ]ialli(lmu,  Muell. ;  not  IJruch  &  Schimp.  JJ.  scajxinum^ 
var.,  Sulliv.  &  Lesq.  1.  c,  n.  (51. 

IIai!.  Sandy  groimd,  roots  of  trcos,  rocks,  etc.,  pl./ins,  hills  and  inoun- 
taius;  very  connuon  and  variablo.  The  (irst  variety  on  graiiite  rocks  in  the 
Alleghany  .Mountains,  Pennsylvania;  the  second  in  bogs,  Northern  Ohio, 
etc. ;  the  last  in  woods  in  level  districts. 

IS.  D.  majus,  Turn.  Somewhat  like  the  jtreceding,  but 
easily  recogni/ahle  by  the  dark  green  color  of  the  long  slender 
loosely  and  irregularly  ccs})itose  ))lants,  which  are  sonu'times 
scattered  among  t)ther  nu)sses,  by  the  much  longer  narrower 
more  distinctly  falcate  glossy  leaves,  and  the  shorter  soft  green 
cajjsules  turning  to  black  when  old,  with  short  pale  jiedicels 
generally  aggregated  two   or  more  in  the  same  pericha^tium. 

—  ]\rusc.  Ilibern.  59,  t.  4;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  85. 

Uai;.  Deep  woods,  in  subalpine  and  northern  regions;  rare  in  America. 
Sitka  {I>hchq[}');  Tort  Discovery,  Wasliinglon  Territory  (Pirkcv'tnii), 

In  the  aggregation  of  two  or  more  capsules  in  the  same  perichietiuin 
this  species  resembles  1).  Dnnninondi,  but  it  is  at  once  recognized  by  iis 
long  slender  5:tems,  the  falcate  narrow  leaves,  the  color  of  the  plants,  etc. 


*  *  *  *  *  Plants  of  f/reat  size,  thickl)/  tomentose-rddiridose : 
leaves  loii(^,  f/lossi/,  trans/'crseli/  rugose;  coskI  Ja/t :  viale 
bails  orl'jinatuig  in  the  tomentant,  rarelg  on  scjHinitepla/its. 

10.  D.  palustre,  La  Pyl,     Widely  ces])itose  ;  stems  slender, 
yellowish  green :    loaves  open-erect,  obscurely  undulate  above, 


Dicranum.] 


BRYACE.^ 


76 


liucar-lanecolutc,  serrate  on  the  back  and  on  the  borders,  nar- 
rowly costate  to  below  the  apex;  areolation  narrow,  en  landed 
and  bi'oadly  rectant^nilar  at  the  base  and  the  an<j;l('s;  pcrichietial 
leaves  tul)ulose,  abruj>tly  narrowed  into  a  short  \nnnt :  oapsulo 
ovat('-ol»lon<j:,  ereet  or  slii^ditiy  eernuons,  striate,  struniose  at  the 
colluni,  tawny  yellow;  pedicel  slender,  soniewliat  iK'xuous, 
yellowish  above,  pale  red  below  ;  lid  jiale  red,  lonu-fliil)ulate  ; 
aninilus  none.  —  Hrid.  iJryol,  Univ.  i.  S14;  Bryol.  Kur.  t.  7i). 
JJ.  Jin»jcani,  ])eXot.;  J]raithw.  1.  c.  141),  t.  21,  IJ. 

Var.  Brewerianum,  Lesij.  Leaves  narrower,  scarcely 
undulate,  falcate-secund  ;  cells  of  the  areolatinii  longer. — 
3Ieni.  Calif.  Acad.  i.  7. 

ll.vr..  Peat  boijs  of  Northoni  Ohio  and  Poiinsylvani;;  {Lrsijiirrrnx)', 
Lake  Winnipeg  (lloityijcdu);  Vancouver  Inland  (J/(((0«h).  The  variety 
iu  mountains  of  California  {llrcwcv). 

A  ''aic  or  rarely  observed  species,  resembling  a  variety  of  1).  scnpurium, 
but  differing  in  the  slender  erect  stems,  the  soft  leaves  loosely  areolate  at 
base,  the  iiuier  pericluetial  leaves  short-apiculate,  the  short  pale  soft  dis- 
tinctly striate  capsule,  etc. 

-0.  D.  Schraderi,  "Web.  &  3[ohr.  Tnfts  wi(h',  coni))act, 
ycllowisli  green ;  stems  often  very  lonu",  erect :  leaves  close,  erect, 
apj)ressed  and  snbsecund,  the  upper  brii^ht  green,  the  lower  yel- 
lowish, lanceolate,  obtusely  j)ointed,  deei)ly  undulate,  shar])ly 
uentate  on  the  back  and  borders  from  the  nnddle  upward  ;  cells 
of  the  areolation  srnall,  rhomboidal-(jua(b"ate  and  ol)scnre  in  tho 
npjK'r  i»art,  long  and  narrowly  rectangular  towar<l  the  base, 
abruj>tly  nuich  dilated  and  orange-colored  at  the  angles  :  ca])sule 
slightly  longer  than  in  the  last  species,  more  obscurely  striate ; 
])eristome  small;  amndus  simj)le,  narrow.  —  Cry})t.  Germ.  177; 
Schwaegr.  Snj>i)l.  i.  1(50,  t.  41  ;  Ibyol.  Eur.  t.  80. 

Il.vn,     Common  in  peat  bogs;  mountains  and  cold  regions. 

'il.  D.  Spurium,  llcdw.  Ifobust,  loosely  cespitose,  strav/- 
color  or  yellowish  green;  stems  erect  or  decumbent,  brittle: 
leaves  interruptedly  tufted,  the  lower  short,  ovate-lanceolate, 
concave;  the  uj)per  longer,  lincardaneeolate,  lunlulale  from  be- 
low the  middle  u])ward,  rugose,  papillose  on  the  l>aek,  senate  on 
the  border  and  on  the  snbj)ercurrent  costa ;  cells  of  the  areola- 
tion small,  ovate-quadrat"  and  obscure  in  the  upper  jtart,  nar- 
rowlv  linear  in  the  midule  and  down  to  the  base  near  the  costa, 
round-(|uadrate,  eidarged  and  dark-colored  lU'ar  (he  fnigh's; 
perichtutial  leaves  tubiilose,  shortly  subulate-pointed  ;  fruit  soli- 


76 


BRYACE.E. 


[Dicranuin. 


m 


tary :  capsule  oLloncf  or  sul)cylin(lrical,  incurved,  striate,  deeply 
furrowed  and  constricted  under  the  orifice  when  dry ;  annulus 
double.— :Mu.sc.  Fro.id.  ii.  Si2,  t.  80;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  81  ;  Braithw. 
1.  c.  151,  t.  tl'I,  A.  JJ.  j^ullidum,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Bryol.  Eur. 
i.  {iJicnmuw)  39. 

Var.  condensatum..  Stems  short,  densely  tufted :  leaves 
shorter,  broadei",  rigid,  very  close,  open  when  dry,  —  J),  con- 
densaUim^  Iledw.  Spec.  Muse.  139,  t.  34.  D.  spurium^  var., 
Sulliv.  tt  Lesq.  jMusc.  Bor.-Ani.  Exsicc.  n.  G8''. 

II  AM.  Shaded  sandy  groiuid ;  the  variety  in  dry  sandy  places  or  V.ills,  es- 
pecially in  southern  districts;  nou  rare. 

22.  D.  Drummondi,  Muell.  Plants  closely  and  widely 
cespitose,  bright  green  above ;  stems  robust :  lower  leaves 
spreading  or  recurved,  the  upper  secund  or  falcate,  twisted  at 
the  a])ex  when  dry,  oblong,  concave  in  the  lower  part,  lanceo- 
late-subulate, convolute  or  canaliculate,  denticulate  above ;  costa 
broad,  vanishing  with  or  below  the  a])e\',  denticulate  or  ])!ipil- 
lose  in  the  uj))>er  ])art ;  cells  of  the  areolation  oval-oblong,  very 
small  toward  the  apex,  oblong  or  broadly  linear  in  the  middle, 
abruptly  much  enlarged  below,  round-cpiadrate,  reddish  brown, 
filling  the  whole  tumescent  subauriculate  base:  capsules  aggre- 
gated, short-])edicellate,  cylindrical-oblong,  incur\ed,  slightly 
inflated  at  base,  dee])ly  furrowed  and  constricted  uiuler  the 
orifice  when  dry;  teeth  distantly  articulate,  s])lit  to  near  the 
base,  regular;  annulus  large,  sinjple.  —  Syn.  Muse.  i.  35G,  in 
part;  Sulliv.  Mosses  of  U.  States,  23,  and  Icon.  j\Iusc.  Su])pl. 
48,  t.  33  ;  Sulliv.  tt  Lesq.  Muse.  Bor.-Am.  Exsicc.  (ed.  2),  n.  88  ; 
Litulb.  Adnot.  Bryol.  in  Bot.  Notis.  18G5,  78  and  79. 

II AH.  Shade  of  pine  woods,  New  Jersey;  suhalpine  regions  of  New 
York  and  New  England ;  eastern  slope  of  the  Kocky  Mountains ;  not  rare. 

23.  D.  undulatum,  Turn.  Plants  in  loose  wide  disjointed 
tufts;  stems  thick,  very  tomentose:  leaves  sju'eading-subsquar- 
rose,  the  terminal  involute  or  secund,  pale  green,  oblong-ovate 
toward  the  decurrent  base,  linear-lanceolate,  very  undulate 
above,  sharjdy  denticulate;  costa  narrow,  bilamellate  on  the 
back  and  serrate  ;  areolation  pale,  loose,  enlarged  at  base  :  fruits 
clustered:  capsule  long-cyliiulrical,  arcuate,  obscurely  striate; 
lid  with  a  very  long  subulate  beak;  mnulus  narrow.  —  Muse. 
Ilib.  59 ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  82,  83. 

IIab.     Shaded  s\v;  "'.py  ground;  plains  and  mountains;  common. 


Caiiipylopus.] 


BRYACE.E. 


77 


23.  DICRANODONTIUM,  Bruch  &  Sohimp.  (PI.  1.) 
Plants  densely  cesi)itosc :  stems  slender,  tomentose,  diclioto- 
mous  or  fastigiately  braneliing.  Leaves  spreading  or  faleate- 
sccund,  rigid,  long-setaceous  subulate  from  a  lanceolate  base, 
glossv ;  costa  enlarged,  filling  the  whole  narrow  part  of  the 
leaf ;  basilar  areolation  rectangular,  hyaline,  enlarged  and 
brown-colored  at  the  angles.  Flowers  didx-ious.  Calyj)tra 
large,  cueuilate,  entire  at  base.  Capsule  oblong  or  cylindrical, 
soft,  not  striate  or  ])licate  when  dry,  erect  on  a  long  llexuous- 
arched  pedicel.  Lid  convex  at  base  with  a  long  acicular  beak. 
Peristome  attached  deep  below  the  orifice  of  the  capsule,  of  IG 
narrow  teeth  cleft  to  near  the  l)ase  into  two  linear  unequal 
segments,  distantly  articulate,  striolate  to  the  apex,  connivent 
at  apex  when  moistened,  (^pen  when  dry.     Annulus  none. 

1.  D.  longirostre,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Tufts  soft,  yellowish 
green  above  the  thick  reddish  brown  tomentum :  leaves  easily 
detached,  slightly  sheathing  at  base,  serrate  or  entire  at  the 
apex,  smooth  on  the  back;  alar  cells  inflated,  hyaline  or  reildish, 
filling  the  whole  base  on  both  sides  of  the  costa.  —  Biyol.  Eur. 
t.  88.     Z>idi/?nodon  longirostrum,  Web.  &  Mohr,  Tasch.  15.5. 

IIaij.  On  sandstone  rocks;  Alleghany  Mountahis  (SulUvant)  \SonihcTn 
Ohio  (LcsqucrcH.r),  st.^rile. 

24.  OAMPYLOPUS,  Brid.  (PI.  1.) 
Aspect  of  Dicrammi.  Leaves  broadly  eostate ;  areolation 
enlarged,  hyaline,  brown-tinted  at  the  often  excavated  angles; 
costa  sulcate  or  smooth  on  the  back.  Flowers  dicecious.  Ca- 
lyptra  cucullatc,  ciliate  at  base.  Capsule  symmetrical,  solid, 
gcnerallv  striate.  Lid  subulate-beaked.  Peristome  as  in 
Dicranwn.     Annulus  large,  simple  or  compound. 

As  the  porlstome,  ciliate  calyptra,  and  thick  texture  of  the  annnlated 
capsule  are  the  essential  characters  which  separate  this  geiuis  from  the 
last,  and  as  the  plants  are  generally  found  sterile,  it  is  often  dilfieult  to 
determine  their  reference  to  Dicranodontium  or  to  Campylopu.t.  As  also 
the  characters  of  the  leaves  of  both  genera  are  variable,  the  Ameriean  spe- 
cies, all  described  from  sterile  sperimons,  are  subject  to  criticism.  'l"!ie 
descriptions,  liowevcr,  are  made  upon  good  and  generally  numerous 
specimens. 


H 

fill 


ni 


11 


78 


BRYACEiE. 


[Ca))i])i/li)}iHS. 


1.  0.  flexuOSUS,  Bi'id.     Tufts  flattened,  ritjid,  bright  green 

above,    reiMisli    tonieiitose   below:    leaves    crowded,    open    or 

turned  to  one  side,  solid,  laneeolate-subulate,  serrulate  at  the 

a;ie.\,  deejily  exoavate'l    at    the  angles;    eosta  smooth  on  the 

back:  cajtsule  oblong-ovate  or  elliptical,  costate  when  <li'v;  an- 

iiulus  large,  siinj)le.  —  IJryol.  Univ.  i.  409;  IJryol.  Eur.  t.  y'J ; 

Lraitliw.  Brit.  I\Ioss-Fl.  i.  iai>,  t.  18,  F. 

IlAis.  Shaded  rocks,  on  Grandfather  Mountain,  Xorth  Carolina  (SnUl- 
vant);  storiio. 

2.  C.  Tallulensis,  Sulliv.  &  Lesq.  Tufts  yellowish  white, 
glossy  outside,  brown  within  ;  stems  sim])le  or  diehotomotis, 
s])aringly  radiculose  toward  the  l)ase :  leaves  open-erect,  close, 
narrowly  lanceolate  from  a  somewhat  decurrent  not  cxcavate(l 
base,  concave,  serrate  at  the  apex  ;  costa  percurrent ;  basal  cells 
very  large,  broadly  (puKb-angular,  inflated,  light  l»rown.  — 
IVIusc.  ]Jor.-Amcr.  n.  To'';  Sulliv.  Icon.  ]Musc.  27,  t.  17. 

Il.vn.     Wet  flat  roclvs,  on  the  river-hanlcs  at  Tallulali  Falls,  Georiiia. 

Compared  with  the  last,  it  clearly  differs  in  the  pale  yellowish  green 
color,  the  exactly  hnear  leaves  sub-decurrent  and  not  excavated  at  the 
angles,  with  larger  inflated  basilar  cells,  and  the  costa  not  entirely  filling 
the  leaves  at  the  apex,  but  bordered  by  a  band  of  the  lamina. 

3.  0.  introflexus,  I>ridel.  IMants  yellowish  green  above, 
brown  below;  stems  short,  erect:  leaves  appressed,  erect-oj)cn, 
narrowly  lanceolate,  canaliculate  ab(n-e,  constricted  into  a  long 
liyaline  denticulate  hair-]X)int  straight  or  geniculate  at  base 
when  dry;  costa  broad,  three-fifths  of  the  width  of  the  leaves 
at  base,  lamellate  on  the  back;  basal  cells  large,  orange-colored, 
the  medial  longer,  narrower,  rectangular  and  hvaline.  —  Bryol. 
TTniv.  i.  472  ;  JJraithw.  1.  c.  135, 1. 10,  C.  .Divrcuixun  intro^fle,nim^ 
Iledw.  Spec.  ]\rusc.  147,  t.  29.  C.  Icurotric/ius,  Sulliv.  &  Lesq. 
Muse.  Bor.-Amer.  Exsicc.  n.  73  ;  Sulliv.  Mosses  of  U.  States,  19, 
and  Icon.  ]\rusc.  28,  t.  17. 

IIab.     Dry  sandy  rocks,  Raccoon  i^fountains,  Alabama  (Lesqucreux). 

4.  0.  Leanus,  Sulliv.  Plants  more  or  less  densely  cespitose, 
sliort,  straw-color,  tawny  below;  stems  radicidose  to  the  api'X, 
branching  by  slender  cajiltate  fascicidate  innovations:  leaves 
crowded,  ojicn-erect,  rarely  subsecund,  linear-lanceolate,  subu- 
late, not  decurrent  at  base ;  costa  broad,  flat;  areolation  linear- 
oblong,  tlie  cells  only  slightly  larger  toward  the  base,  not 
eidarged  at  the  angles;  abortive  leaves  forming  compact  t  ift^! 
of  linear  thickish  fleshy  filaments  like  a  deformity  jirotbiced  by 


Campi/lopns.] 


BRYACE.E. 


'9 


ipsects,  —  ]\[ossos  of  U.  Slates,  19,  aivl  Icon.  Muse,  '29,  t.  18. 
ISip'rlnqxjdon  Leanus,  Sulliv.  Muse.  Allejrii.  ii.  17-. 

1 1  AH.  On  much  docaycd  Ioljs  or  soft  woody  tiu'tli  in  fuivst  .'•watiips  of 
the  Middle  .States  and  westward;  not  conunon. 

•  ).  C.  Hallii,  Les(i.  Plants  in  compact  pale  Ljrocn  .t;lossy 
tufts;  stems  short,  2  e.m.  Ion,:;,  many  times  dieliotomous,  tomcn- 
tose  to  tilt'  apex:  leaves  strict,  riijid,  linear-laneeulatc,  tulMil(>s(>, 
very  entire  at  the  apex,  and  smooth  throuL^hout ;  co>la  very 
liroad,  covering  the  whole  lamina  except  two  small  auiicles  at 
base  comjtosed  of  a  few  colored  intlated  cells.  —  Porter  ct  Coult. 
Flora  of  Colorado,  15"). 
II Ai!.  High  ridges  of  the  Colorado  Mountains  {E.  Hall), 
liesembling  C.  brcclpcs  (8chimp.  Bryol.  F.nr.  Suppl.  ('((nipi/lopuft,  t.  2), 
but  differing  in  the  broader  costa,  and  the  leaves  eonstrieted  at  base  into 
short  obtuse  auricles  with  one  or  two  rows  of  colon-d  cells. 

G.  0.  frigidus,  Lesq.  1.  c.  Pescmbk's  the  ])recedini;  species 
in  the  l)road  dilated  costa,  hut  differs  in  the  longer  narrower 
leaves,  slightly  denticulate  at  the  apex,  open,  flexuous  when  dry, 
and  scabrous  on  the  back;  alar  cells  round. 

IIau.     Same  as  the  last  {E.  ILiU). 

7.  0.  SUbleucOgclGter.  Plants  loosely  cespitulose,  dirty 
yellow;  stems  short,  slender,  simjile  in  the  lower  ]iart,  divided 
at  the  aj)ex  into  short  ca]>itate  branchlets  composing  a  crispate 
bristly  tuft :  lower  leaves  minute,  erect,  the  comal  longer,  ovate- 
acuminate  with  a  fiat  broad  nerve  passing  up  to  a  gradually 
narrowed  canalicidate  subidate  strict  j)oint,  serridate  at  the 
apex ;  basilar  cells  large,  pellucid,  regularly  hexagonal,  with  a 
few  smaller  quadrate  intlated  yellowish  ones  tmderneath,  the 
alar  numerous,  very  loose,  l)rownish-colored,  })ellucid,  slightly 
excavated;  pericha'tial  leaves  much  larger,  sheathing  or  convo- 
lute at  base,  loosely  reticulate,  a\  ith  a  long-flexuous  more 
coarsely  subulate  point.  —  JJicranum  suhlcncofjaster^  Muell. 
Bull,  i'orr.  Club,  v.  50. 

IlAij.     On  wet  clayey  ground;  Mobile,  Alabama  CMohr). 

This  species  differs  from  the  pjiropean  Dlcrannm  Icnrufifi^ler,  ^ru(dl., 
in  the  more  llexuous  thicker  longer  hairy  stems,  the  alar  cells  whitish  and 
loose,  and  the  others  smaller. 

8.  C.  Donnellii.  Differs  from  the  last  in  its  tawnv  green 
color,  the  leaves  more  ojien,  subfalcale,  longer  and  more  abrujitly 
narrowed,  often  spinulose-serrate  and  whitish  at  the  apex,  the 
costa  narrower,  etc.  —  Dicranum  Don)idlii^  Aust.,  Coult.  Dot. 


80 


BRYACEiE. 


[Campylopus. 


\)  f 


91' 

>1 


Ga/.  iv.  150.     Dicranum  suhleucog aster ^  Aust.  Muse.  Aj)pa 
Exsicc.  Siij)j)l.  1,  n.  470. 
IlAiJ.     SouLliorn  Florida;  common. 

9.  0.  VirginiCUS.  ]*lants  widely  ccspitosc,  tawny  green ; 
steins  short,  tlexiious,  slender,  nearly  e(]ually  foliate  :  leaves 
strict,  erect-open,  abriii)tly  lonijj  setaceous-subulate  from  a  sul> 
quadrate-ovate  base,  canaliculate,  minutely  serrate  on  the  mar- 
gins; costa  broad,  striate,  scabrous  on  the  back  or  subserrate 
at  the  a))e\';  cells  of  the  areolation  oblong  and  oval,  hyalme, 
rhomboidal-oblong  or  linear  toward  the  middle,  smaller  alxn'c, 
the  basal  nnich  enlarged ;  some  of  the  apical  leaves  brittle, 
truncate  from  a  narrower  base,  deciduous,  more  convolute,  longer 
and  gradually  acuminate,  entire  and  smooth  on  the  back,  with 
cells  shortei-,  hyaline,  the  basilar  scarcely  different  and  the  costa 
not  distinct  from  the  lamina.  —  Dicratium  Virf/ iniciun^  Aw^ii.y 
Coult.  ]}()t.  Gaz.  iv.  150. 

ILvn.     15iackwater  Falls,  West  Virginia  (J.  Donnell  Smith). 

From  tlio  remarks  of  the  author,  the  sleniler  steins  arc  about  2  m.m. 
long,  the  young  ones  clothed  with  a  delicate  entangled  white  tomentum. 
About  one-half  of  the  expanded  portion  of  the  leaves  is  composed  of  large 
hyaline  cells;  ascending  along  the  costa,  these  gradually  become  chloro- 
phyliose  and  smaller,  while  toward  tlie  margin  they  become  nuich  nar- 
rower and  longer;  the  basal  cells  although  much  enlarged  are  not  inllated, 
and  there  appear  to  be  no  true  alar  cells;  the  lamina  rarely  extends  to  the 
middle  of  the  subulate  portion  of  the  leaf. 

10.  C.  gracilicaulis,  iNIitt.  Stems  slender,  1  or  2  c.  m.  long, 
simple  and  radiculose  in  the  lower  part:  lower  leaves  closely 
a])presse(l,  the  upper  tufted,  longer,  spreading,  narrowly  lanceo- 
late-acuminate from  an  elliptical  base;  costa  covering  a  third 
]>art  of  the  lamina  and  distinct  to  near  the  apex ;  borders  in- 
curved, slightly  denticulate  above;  lower  cells  loose,  oblong, 
])ellucid,  gradually  shorter,  rhomboidal  above  ;  imier  periclue- 
tial  leaves  long,  convolute  at  base,  abruptly  narrowed  into  a 
narrow  subulate  hyaline-denticulate  point :  capsule  immersed  in 
the  comal  leaves,  oval,  equal,  scabrous  at  base :  calyptra  fim- 
briate.—  Journ.  Linn.  Soc.  xii.  83. 

Hah.     South  Florida  (Austin). 

11.  0.  angustiretis.  Very  like  the  preceding  species  in 
aspect,  differing  in  the  lower  leaves  less  aj)j)ressed,  the  cells 
much  longer,  sublinear,  the  alar  dirty  red,  miu-h  contracted.  — 
JJlcranum  rnif/ustirctis,  Aust.,  Coult.  15ot.  Gaz.  iv.  150. 

Had.     With  the  preceding  species  and  probably  a  variety  of  it. 


:l.     ,:>!! 


Fisshlcns.] 


lillYACE.E. 


81 


SuiiTRir.E  I.  —  FISSIDEXTK.E. 

Stems  froiiflifonn.  Leiives  elicit iclious,  conilujjlicate  below, 
alalu  on  the  back,  tlie  uj)por  part  c\'itaii<U'(l  into  a  v^'itical  >iinitlu 
lamina  with  a  })orc'urrent  or  cxcui'i-ent  eo.sta  ;  areolation  small, 
{•]iluro})liyllosc.     Operculum  and  j>eiastome  as  in  Vicrauuin. 


(. 


25.  FISSIDENS,  Tlchv.  (PI.  1.) 
Plants  simple  or  s])arin<;Iy  brar.clie<l.  Flowers  gcmmiform, 
terminal  or  axillary.  Calyptra  cueuUate  or  mitrifoi'iii.  C'aj)- 
sule  cernuous  or  erect.  Teeth  of  the  j»eristome  horizontally  in- 
curved when  dry.  Annulus  narrow.  Spores  small,  smooth.  — 
tSkitop/n/Ni/m,  La  Pyl. 

*  Momecious.     J^ndt  cvid  flowers  tovnina/,  or  rarthj  lateral. 
+-  Pkuits  less  t/ia/i  one  c.  in.  long. 

1.  F.  Closteri,  Aust.  Plants  crreijarious,  very  minute  or 
8temless:  male  flowers  attached  to  the  base  :  leaves  j»ei'ich;etial, 
the  lower  very  small,  broadly  ovate-lanceolate,  acuminate,  tlie 
u|tj)er  at  least  twice  as  larye,  the  lanceolate  lamina  about  e(|ual 
to  the  ovate-})lieate  base;  costa  ending  below  the  a]»t\  ;  areo- 
lation  quadrate-oblong,  equal:  ca]isule  oblong-ovate,  on  a  thick 
IK'dicel ;  lid  with  a  long  conical  beak,  entiivly  covereil  by  the 
calyptra;  teeth  long,  reflexed  ;  annulus  indistim-t.  —  P.ill.  Torr. 
Club,  V.  '1\  ;  Sulliv.  Icon.  ^Fusc.  .Sup|.l.  44,  t.  t29. 

\\\\\.     On  tli(\<:rouu(l,  near  Closter,  N..I.  [Anf^Vin). 

Siiiallei-  than  F.  c.rilift,  its  nearest  congiaur,  and  distinguishcil  by  its 
shortor  leaves,  tlie  blade  almost  obsolete. 

-.  F.  bryoides,  TTedw.  Plants  sm.all,  gregarious  :  l(\aves 
with  a  lingulate-laiu'eolate  lamina,  bordered  all  around  by  a 
l»ale  rounded  margin  eitlier  connivent  at  tlie  apex  with  the 
shortly  excurrent  costa,  or  ending  below  the  minutely  serrate 
apex;  perigonial  leaves  broad-ovate  at  base,  erose  on  the  l>orders 
helow  the  abru])tly  narrowed  short  apical  lamina:  male  flowers 
in  numerous  axillary  pedicellate  buds:  ra))sule  erect,  oblong- 
'^n-ate  ;  annulus  very  narrow,  inili>tiuct.  —  Muse.  Frond,  iii.  07, 
t.  29,  excluding  fig.  10  ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  101  ;  Braithw.  Brit. 
:\Ioss-Fl.  i.  71,  t.  10,  E. 


-f 


ill) 


ill 


82 


BIIYACILE. 


[Ftssiilens. 


Var.  CSBSpitans,  Sc'liimp,  Plants  loosely  ccspitosc,  inucli 
Ioniser,  branching  by  iiniovations ;  lamina  narrow,  thu  borders 
and  costa  disappearing  below  the  minutely  serndate  apex. 

Hah.  SIkkIciI  groimd.;  often  covcrini,' tin;  ourlli  of  ll<nvor  pots  in  con- 
servatories; the  variety  at  News  Kiver,  White  Mountains  (lirr,  D.  Jj. 
Allen). 

3.  P.  incurvus,  Sclnvaegr.  Plants  very  slender  and  small : 
leaves  linear  or  oblongdanccolate,  apieulate,  with  a  very  narrow 
border  vanishing  toward  the  apex  ;  costa  terminating  below  the 
obscurely  erose  apex  or  cxcurrent  in  a  sharp  })oint :  capsule 
horiz(tntal  or  obli(jue,  rarely  erect,  small,  oval.  —  Su]>p!.  ii.  fi, 
t.  49;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  99  ;  Braithw.  1.  c.  09,  t.  10,  C.  Uicmnam 
incurvuin,  Web.  &  ]Mohr. 

II An.     Sliaded  rocks  and  on  sandstone  in  streams;  not  rare. 

According  to  ydiiniper  the  species  is  not  distinctly  delined.  Tlio  only 
essential  character  is  the  terminal  position  of  the  male  Hovers.  Austin 
asserted  that  he  had  found  a  form  of  it  with  axillary  male  llowers,  which 
seems  to  indicate  that  it  is  a  mere  variety  of  F.  bri/oldes. 

4.  F.  inconstans,  Schitnp.  Similar  to  2^.  incurvus  in  size 
and  as])ect;  i)lants  generally  simple:  leaves  8  to  10  pairs, 
linear-lanceolate,  acute;  borders  narrow,  hyaline,  continuous  to 
near  the  slightly  serrulate  apex  ;  dorsal  wing  entire,  narrowed 
to  the  base  and  there  confluent  with  the  pellucid  costa,  which 
ends  below  the  apex :  flowers  synoecious  or  moiuecious, 
antheridia  and  archegonia  numerous  and  terminal,  without  ])ara- 
physes,  or  the  male  buds  axillary  in  the  lower  leaves  of  the 
fruit-bearing  ])lants:  calyptra  sj)lit  to  near  the  aj)ex :  ca})sulo 
cylindric-oval,  erect;  lid  conical,  rostellate,  nearly  erect. — 
Syn.  JMusc.  (ed.  2),  114.  -P.  sijnoicus^  Sulliv.  Mosses  of  I'. 
States,  103. 

Hak.    San  Marcos,  Texas  (WrUjld). 

The  author  remarks  that  the  species  is  very  inconstant  in  its  mode  of 
fructification,  which  is  sometimes  terminal  and  cladogcnous,  sometimes 
axillary,  and  that  the  capsule  is  smaller  than  in  F.  incurinis,  of  which  it 
may  be  a  variety.  In  the  Texan  specimens  we  have  generally  fountl  the 
flowers  terminal  and  syna-cious,  but  sometimes  with  axillary  buds  near 
the  base  of  the  fertile  plants.  The  stems  are  strongc,  the  leaves  shorter 
and  broader,  and  the  areolation  smaller  than  iu  F.  incurvus.  It  is  re- 
ferred to  F.  bryoidcs  by  Braithwaite. 

5.  F.  limbatus,  Sidliv.  I*lants  small :  leaves  8  to  10  pairs, 
ibblojig,  acuminate,  with  a  thick  costa  ending  below  the  apex 
iiitij.  li  /le/fucid  border  gradually  enlarging  from  near  the  apex  to 


Fin>iidens. 


liUYACEJE. 


83 


the  base  of  the  auricles ;  arcolation  mimite-subqiiadratc  below, 
loose  and  angularly  rounded  in  the  lamina:  flowers  monceciDUs, 
the  male  gennnifonn,  axillary:  capsule  unecjually  oval,  sub- 
ccrnuous;  teeth  split  to  near  the  base,  much  intlexed.  —  l*aeif. 
H.  Ilt'i).  iv.  ISf),  t.  1. 

IIaij.     Near  San  Francisco  (liigcloio). 

Comparable  to  F.  hri/oulcs,  from  whidi  it  differs  in  the  cernuons  cap- 
sule, the  deeply  split  teeth,  and  especially  the  pellucid  entire  margin, 
which  becomes  very  broad  at  the  base  of  the  auricles. 

•»-  •*-  Plants  of  larger  size. 

0.  P.  crassipes,  AVils.  Plants  2  to  4  c.  m.  long:  leaves 
close,  soft,  lingulate-acuniinate,  une(jually  margined,  the  Ix^rder 
enlarged  below  to  the  middle  of  the  ai  rides,  disappearing  to- 
ward the  base  and  below  the  slightly  -renulate  apex  ;  costa 
thick,  subpercurrent :  flowers  terminal;  male  buds  on  basilar 
l^ranchlets :  capsule  nearly  erect,  oblong-oval,  strongly  con- 
stricted below  the  orifice  when  dry;  lid  siiort-beaked ;  pedicel 
thick,  reddish  toward  the  base,  yellowish  above ;  segments  of 
the  teetli  distinctly  papillose;  annulus  minute.  —  linich  & 
Schimp.  Bryol.  Eur.  1. 100.  7'\  bicurvus,  var.  crassipes,  Schimp. 
F,  viridulus,  var.  7)iaJor,  Wils.  Bryol.  Brit.  303,  t.  53,  U. 

II An.     On  wet  rocks;  not  rare  in  Europe. 

The  species  is  admitted  on  the  authority  of  Jaeger's  Fissidentaceui,  n. 
77.    We  have  seen  no  American  specimen  of  it. 

7.  F.  Floridanus,  Lesq.  &  James.  Plants  of  about  the 
same  size  as  in  the  preceding,  branching  from  the  base,  brown 
in  the  lower  part,  bright  green  above  :  leaves  densely  crowded, 
the  upper  slightly  scythe-shaped,  plicate  to  above  the  middle, 
minutely  erose-denticulato  at  the  apex,  surrounded  below  by  a 
somewhat  large  pale  border ;  costa  vanishing  below  the  apex  ; 
areolation  miimte,  hexagonal,  narrower  and  less  distinct  in  the 
lamina,  which  is  prolonged  on  the  back  of  the  auricles  and 
abruptly  cut  at  base  :  flowers  monoecious  ;  the  male  terminal  on 
somewhat  long  lateral  branches ;  the  i)erichaitium  on  a  short 
radiculose  branch  from  the  middle  of  the  stem,  bearing  one 
or  rarely  two  fruits;  poricha>tial  leaves  loosely  aieolate,  with 
broad  auricles  narrowly  alate  to  the  middle,  abruj)tly  narrowed 
above  into  a  short  lamina :  capsule  oblong-ovate,  cernuous,  on  a 
thick  reddish  pedicel ;  lid  large,  long-beaked.  —  Proc.  Am 
Acad.  xiv.  137. 
Hab.    Florida  {Garber). 


84 


DllYACE^E. 


[Fisaiden.i. 


4 


^'oniparabln  to  F.  oRmnndoidcH,  Ilcdw.,  from  which  it  (liffors  in  tlio 
nu)uii'cii)iis  iiillorcscoiice,  tlic  surrulale  apex  vi  tho  h'aves,  and  tlio  ininiuc 
hexai^oiial  arcolation. 

IS.  F.  ventricOSUS,  Lcsq.  Plants  robust,  loosely  and 
widi'ly  cesiiitosc,  nearly  black  throughout,  dark  grccu  only  at 
tlu!  fop  of  the  recent  innovations,  generally  immersed;  stems 
two  c.jn.  long  or  more,  braiu^hing  from  the  l)ase,  radiculoso  in 
the  axils  of  the  leaves:  leaves  close,  erect-open,  cultriform,  jili- 
cate  and  ventricose  to  the  middle,  Ijordered  by  a  thick  smooth 
margin  confluent  at  the  apex  with  tlie  thick  costa,  which  is  ex- 
ourrent  info  a  blunt  ]>oint  or  rarely  vanishing  below  it;  arcola- 
tion minute,  ovate-fjuadrato  or  irregularly  ]>olygonal :  flowers 
terminal:  calyi)tra  large,  cucullate :  capsule  very  shortly  pcdi- 
cellate,  subimmersed,  erect,  obovate,  narrowing  and  confluent 
into  the  pedicel,  dark  green;  lid  short,  conical,  obtuse ;  teeth 
large,  erect :  sjiores  large.  —  Mem.  Calif.  Acad.  i.  7  ;  Sulliv.  Icon. 
Muse.  Sui)pl.  45,  t.  ;50. 

IlAit.     Oil  subincrs('(l  rocks,  Mendocino  City,  California  Cnolnnilor). 

Species  coniparal)lc!  lo  F.  riifulu^,  IJrudi  &  Scliimp.,  from  wliicli  it 
dif!Vrs  in  the  more  obtuse  tliiek-niarginod  loaves,  etc. 

*  *  Floicers  dixcious. 
H—  J^lants  minute. 

9.  F.  hyalinus,  Wils.  &,  Hook.  Gregarious;  stems  2  or  3 
m.m.  long,  simj)le :  leaves  8  or  4  pairs,  very  soft,  oljlong- 
lanceolate,  interruptedly  narrowly  marginate,  ecostate,  j)licate 
to  the  middle,  with  a  broad  margin  gradually  narrowed  to  the 
base ;  meshes  of  the  arcolation  large,  hexagonal,  hyaline- 
pellucid  :  fertile  flowers  terminal,  the  male  not  seen  :  calyptra 
8ubeylin(h-ieal,  covering  the  beak  of  the  lid  :  ca])Sulo  oblong, 
erect,  enlarged  at  the  orifice,  short--pedicellate  ;  teeth  reddish, 
solid,  closely  articulate.  — Journ.  Bot.  (1841)  iii.  89,  t.  2;  Sulliv. 
Muse.  AUeghan.  n.  180,  Mosses  of  U.  States  24,  and  Icon.  Muse. 
34,  t.  21. 

IlAi'..  i^Foist  rocky  lod;j;os  at  Bank  Lick,  near  Cincinnati  (T.  C.  Lca)\ 
clay  blinks  near  raincsvillo,  Ohio  (//.  C.  lii'ardslec);  very  rare. 

10.  F.  exigUUS,  Sulliv.  Gregarious,  ]>ale  green  :  leaves 
4  to  ()  pairs,  oblong-lanceolate,  obscurely  short-acuminate,  entire, 
not  margined,  jdicate  to  the  middle;  dorsal  Ir.mina  gradually 
narrowed  and  vanishing  at  base  ;  costa  flexuous,  subpercurrcnt : 
male  and  female  plants  similar  :  flowers  terminal :  capsule  erect, 


crenulate-se 


risHidfliK.  1 


liHYACEM, 


85 


ol)l()n!jf-()v:il,  iiarrowcil  mid  ffMiniicnt  to  tin-  pcdire'l  ;  lid  ros- 
tt'llaU' ;  teeth  split  to  the  ini(hlle.  —  .Hiisc.  Allei^h.  n.  IS'J; 
Mem.  Am.  Acad.  ii.  ser.  iii.  »W>,  t.  'J,  I> ;  Mossi-s  of  I'.  States  24 
iiiul  1();>,  and  Icon.  AIiisc.  :J(i,  t.  -•").  7"'.  iuci/rrii/^,  var.  t.i'i<ji(K!<, 
Au>t.  Muse.  Ajipal.  n.  W-\. 

Hah.  Oil  stuin'S  iii  iiioibt  aiul  shadocl  ravines,  dry  cliannels  of  brook.<i, 
tie. ;  conmion. 

11.  F.  minutulus,  Snlliv.  Si/.e  ami  a>j>eet  of  the  last: 
leaves  4  to  lo  i>ahs,  lint-ar-oblonij^,  lanceolate  to  the  a|>t'x,  l»or- 
(K  red  by  a  narrow  niapj:in  \\\^  to  the  hlinhtly  serrnlate  :i)iex.  tJio 
auricK's  broadly  niai-^iiuMl,  ami  the  dorsal  laniiiui  cxtt-ndiiii;  to 
liL'hjw  the  uiiihllo  ;  costa  iJorcnrrent :  ('alyjitra  shorter,  scarcely 
nachiiiL;"  the  base  of  the  operculum:  capsuh!  oval-oblont;;  oper- 
culum  lonL;:er-beaked  than  in  the  jirecedinjj^  species  ;  teeth  dark 
nil,  cleft  to  below  the  middle  into  longline:ir-gi"aiiulose  segments. 
—  Muse.  AUegh.  n.  ls;i;  Mem.  Am.  Acad.  n.  ser.  iii.  5s,  t.  *_*,  A; 
.Alosses  of  U.  States,  24,  and  Icon.  Muse.  JjT,  t.  24.  F.  hfi/oliles^ 
Hook  ct  Wils.  in  Drumm.  Muse.  Am.  (Coll.  II.),  n.  89  and  40. 
/'.  iitcnrvus,  var.  tiunuttilns,  Aust.  Muse.  Apj»al.  n.  102. 

IIau.     Moist  rocks  \n  wooils;  dry  channels  hi  woods,  on  stones. 

12.  F.  Hallii,  Aust.  Size  of  7*^.  inciirviis,  from  which  it 
differs  in  the  crenulate  immarginate  leaves,  the  lontier-beaki  d  lid, 
the  caly])tra  not  cleft  and  scarcely  descendiuL?  to  the  base  of  the 
lieak,  and  the  di(Dcious  inflorescence.  —  C'oult.  Bot.  (hv/..  ii.  97. 

IlAU.     Texas  (E.  llull). 

13.  F.  Ravenelii,  Snlliv.  Leaves  5  to  15  pairs,  erect  or 
curved  on  one  side,  linear-oblong,  acute,  close  and  opa(iue ; 
auricles  ])rolonged  to  the  middle,  broadly  marginate  and  dis- 
tinctly dentate;  Lamina  and  dorsal  wing  not  margined,  minutely 
denticulate;  areolation  very  dense,  of  minute  routid-quadrate 
cliloroi)hyllose  cells  •,  costr.  llexuous,  hyaline  :  flowers  terminal ; 
male  plants  very  small,  with  2  or  3  pairs  of  leaves  :  capsule 
oblong-erect,  equal,  of  thin  texture,  minutely  ])aj)illose ;  lid 
enlarged  at  base,  with  an  inclined  beak.  —  ]\[em.  Am.  Acad, 
n.  ser.  iv.  171,  t.  2,  Mosses  of  U.  States  24,  and  Icon.  ]\Iusc.  39, 
t.  25. 

IIab.  Damp  bricks  or  earth,  Santee  Canal,  South  Ccirolina  {Ea\:cnel)\ 
moist  ground.  Society  Hill,  North  Carolina  {Curtis). 

14.  F.  Donnellii,  Aust.  Leaves  3  or  4  pairs,  not  margined, 
crenulate-serrate  on  the  borders,  pa})illose,  the  lower  oblong- 


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BRYACE^E. 


[Fissidens. 


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I'i 


ovate,  the  upper  much  longer,  linear-lanceolate,  i)licate  to  ll)e 

middle;  costu  vanishing  below  the  apex  ;  cells  of  the  areolution 

very  small,  each  with  a  single  j)apilla :  pedicel  very  short:  ca|>- 

Buk'  destroyed.  —  Coiilt.  Dot.  Gaz.  iv.  151. 

IlAii.  I3ase  of  iroes  in  a  cypress  swamp,  Caloosa,  Florida  (J.  Donmll 
Smith,  AuHlin). 

IT).  P.  Garberi,  Lesq.  &  James.  Gregarious;  plants  simple: 
leaves  4  to  8  pairs,  slightly  deeurrent,  oblong,  the  upi)er  four  tinius 
longer  than  broad,  plicate  to  the  middle  ;  dorsal  wing  gruduallv 
narrowed  to  the  base ;  lamina  somewhat  broader  than  tlu;  plicate 
auricle,  blunt  at  the  apex,  rarely  short-acuminate,  crenulate  on 
the  borders  by  doubly  pai)ilIose  cells ;  areolation  round- 
hexagonal,  distinct,  that  of  the  periclwetial  clasping  base  of  the 
vaginule  larger,  hexagonal-rectangular,  in  two  or  three  rows : 
capsule  sul>-erect,  oval,  pale  brown,  red  at  tb;  orifice ;  segments 
of  the  teeth  yellow.  —  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xiv.  137. 

IIab.    On  tlie  bark  of  trees,  Florida  {Garber,  J.  Donncll  Sfnith). 

Tlie  inflorescence  of  tliis  species  is  not  positively  ascertained.  Scliiiupfr. 
wlio  examined  tlie  specimens  with  .Jamc3,  fomid  it  bisexual,  wliile  Austin 
(Bull,  Torr.  Club,  vii.  5),  who  had  specimens  from  Florida  which  he  cou- 
sidcred  the  same  species,  describes  it  as  pseudo-dicecious. 

10.  F.  Texanus,  Lesq.  Plants  dark  green,  turning  to  black : 
leaves  5  to  7  pairs,  curved  at  the  apex,  broadly  lanceolate-acumi- 
nate, with  a  thick  dark  smooth  margin  ascending  to  the  apex  or 
to  near  the  slightly  serrulate  point ;  costa  stout,  i)ercurrent  or 
excurrent  into  a  short  nmcro;  dorsal  lamina  broad,  desccndiu!:,' 
to  the  base :  male  and  female  plants  similar :  capsule  long-j)0(li- 
cell^ite,  o.al,  inclined,  rarely  erect,  greenish  brown,  smooth; 
lid  conical,  short-beaked,  subincurved.  — Herb.  SuUiv.  (1850). 

IIab.    Texas  ( Wright). 

Related  to  F.  incurvus,  bm  differing  in  the  dark  color  of  the  plants,  the 
broad  dorsal  wing  descending  to  the  base,  the  broader  leaves,  and  the 
di(Ecious  inflorescence.  It  diflfera  from  F.  Ilallii,  Aust.,  merely  in  the 
entire  margined  leaves. 

17.  P.  obtusifolius,  Wils.  Plants  densely  gregarious  or 
closely  aggregated-eespitulose,  bright  green,  simple  or  branching: 
leaves  C  to  12  pairs,  erect  or  turned  to  one  side,  very  entire,  not 
margined,  ooovate,  obtuse,  with  a  broad  nearly  round  pellucid 
areolation,  ])licate  to  above  the  middle  ;  dorsal  lamina  gradually 
narrowed,  ending  above  the  base;  costa  vanishing  below  the 
apex  :  flowers  terminal :  capsule  thick,  oblong-ovate  or  obovate, 


Fissidcns.] 


BRYACE.E. 


sliu'lity  contracted  under  the  broad  orifice ;  lid  hcniisplierical, 
cuiiical-ajiiculate ;  teeth  short,  orange  at  base ;  segnieiils  liyaline, 
whitish  and  gramdose  :  spores  large.  —  Lond.  Journ.  Bot.  (1845) 
iv.  !!>•>;  SuUiv.  Muse.  Allegh.  n.  181,  Mosses  of  U.  States,  24, 
and  Icon.  Muse.  35,  t.  22. 

IIaij.  FreinieiiL  on  wot  dripping  san  'stone  rocks,  near  the  watv;r  at 
till'  base  of  (lams;  near  Cincinnati,  wlicre  it  was  first  found  by  Lea  ;  very 
abvmdant  at  and  arouud  Sugar  Grove,  Oliio. 

•t-  •»-  limits  hirf/er. 

18.  P.  OSmundoides,  Iledw.  Plants  of  medium  size, 
tonieulose,  dark  green,  more  or  less  densely  tufted :  leaves 
nunicHMis,  broadly  Ungulate,  slightly  falcate  inward,  rounded 
au<l  apiculate  at  tiie  apex,  minutely  serrate  on  the  borders;  dor- 
sal wing  broad,  narrowing  downward  to  the  base :  llowera 
terminal;  male  plants  smaller:  calyptra  plurilobate  at  base: 
capsule  erect  or  slightly  inclined,  oval-oblong,  brown,  solid  ;  lid 
with  a  long  acicular  beak.  —  Spec.  Muse.  153,  t.  40 ;  Bryol.  Eur. 
t.  103;  Braithw.  i.  c.  73,  t.  11,  A.  Cononiitrium  osniundouks^ 
Muell.  Syn.  ii.  52G. 

ILvn.  On  the  ground,  the  roots  and  bark  of  trees,  in  swamps  and  peat 
bogij;  plains  and  mountains. 

19.  P.  decipiens,  DeXot.  Smaller  than  F.  adUmtoides^ 
wliich  it  closely  resembles.  Leaves  dusky  green,  close,  linear- 
lanceolate,  ])licate  to  the  ndddle,  minutely  serrulate  all  around 
except  sometimes  at  the  base  of  the  lamina;  meshes  of  the 
areolation  small :  male  flowers  axillary,  on  separate  jdants : 
capsule  8hort-]>edicellate,  small,  Rul)-erect  when  em])ty.  —  Epil. 
Biyol.  Ital.  479;  Schimp.  Syn.  Muse  (ed.  2),  118  ;  SuUiv.  Icon. 
Muse.  Suppl.  46,  t.  31 ;  Braithw.  1.  c.  76,  t.  11,  D. 

IIab.  On  sandy  soil  and  limestone  rocks;  frequent,  but  hitherto  gen- 
erally considered  as  a  small  form  of  F.  adiantoides. 

*  ♦  *  Fniit  axillary. 

20.  P.  taxifolius,  Iledw.  Plants  2  or  3  cm.  long,  fascicu- 
late-branching at  base  :  leaves  close,  lingulate-obtuse,  mucronate 
by  the  exeurrent  costa,  plicate  to  the  middle,  serrate  and  hyaline 
on  the  borders :  flowers  mona'cious,  on  short  basilar  radiculoso 
branchlets:  capsule  subcernuous,  inclined  or  pendent,  oblong, 
slightly  inflated  on  the  back,  solid,  dark  brown ;  pedicel  long, 
flexuous,  reddish;    lid  long,  narrowly  beaked.  —  Spec.  Muse. 


■^ 


• » 


88 


DIIYACE^E. 


[Fissldens. 


13"),  t.  :}0;   Hryol.  Eur.  t.  101;   Uniithw.  1.  c.  77,  t.   11,  D. 
llnpnuia  tKj'ij'uUutn^  Linn. 
IIaij.     Sliadwl  chiyoy  grouinl  in  level  distrlets;  very  comnioii. 

'21.  P.  adiantoides,  Ik-dw.  Plants  3  to  o  cm.  loni^, 
branch i n LT  l)y  ra;^.:..  uiost-  inn(jvati<jns  from  the  base  or  the  ajte.v: 
leaves  numerous,  elose,  imbrieatu  vX  base,  linear-obloni;,  abrujitly 
aeuminate  and  sH<5htly  mueronate.  plieate  to  the  middle;  dorsal 
wini;  long,  continuous,  slii^htlv  decurrent  at  base;  borders  |)ej- 
lucid,  irregularly  serrulate:  flowers  sliort-i)edieellate,  attached 
to  the  middle  of  the  stems:  capsule  oval-oblong,  reddisji  brown, 
much  constricted  under  the  orifice  when  emjtty;  lid  long- 
beaked.— Muse.  Frond.  01,  t.  'JO  ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  105  ;  Jiraithw. 
J.  c.  78,  t.  1-,  H.     Jli/pniitn  (Kfhmtoiilea,  Linn. 

Var.  immarginatus,  Lindb.  Leaves  without  a  ]»ellucid 
border. 

IIaii.  Shady  moist  pround,  wet  rocks,  roots  of  trees,  ote.,  mostly  in 
the  plains;  commou.     The  variety  at  IJoundary  Lake,  Canada  {liau). 

*  *  *  *  I'loverti  dl((Ci'oas  or  wJcnown. 

22.  P.  subbasilaris,  Ifedw.  Plants  widely  cesi)itose,  1  or 
2  cm.  long,  green  above,  brown  and  tomentose  below :  leaves 
12  to  ir»  pairs,  close,  oblong,  short-pointed,  jdicate  to  al)ove  the 
middle,  serrulate,  not  margined ;  dorsal  wing  broad,  rounded  at 
the  base ;  costa  vanishing  below  the  more  deeply  serrulate  apex: 
fruiting  buds  rarely  pedicellate,  attached  near  the  base,  radicu- 
lose ;  m.'ile  flowers  unknown :  calyptra  cucuilate,  narrow :  cap- 
sule oblong  or  cylindric-oval,  erect,  subcernuous,  .scarcely  emerg- 
ing above  the  stems  on  its  short  pedicel ;  lid  long-beaked.  — 
Spec.  Muse.  155,  t.  39;  Sulliv.  Muse.  AUegh.  n.  184,  3Iosses  of 
\J.  States,  25,  and  Icon.  Muse.  41,  t.  2(5. 

II An.  Trunks  of  trees,  sometimes  in  dense  tufts;  Northern  and  Mid- 
dle States. 

23.  P.  polypodioides,  ITedw.  Plants  of  large  size,  gre- 
garious, radiculose  at  base,  yellowish  green,  glossy,  mostly 
simple,  rigid :  leaves  numerous,  linear-oblong,  abruptly  rounded 
to  a  blunt  j)oint,  entire,  not  margined,  plicate  to  above  the 
middle ;  dorsal  wing  continuous,  rounded  to  the  base ;  costa 
thick,  nearly  percnrrent:  cells  of  the  areolation  irregularly 
round,  pellucid :  flowers  dii^ccious,  the  fertile  atta(  hed  to  the 
upper  part  of  the  stems,  the  male  axillary  nearer  to  the  base,  in 
separate  plants :  capsule  on  a  short  flexuous  pedicel,  obovate, 


Conoinitrium. 


BRYACE.^. 


89 


subpyrifonn,  gradually  much  cnlargcl  at  the  orifice;  lid  ros- 
trate from  a  hcinispherical  base;  teeth  broad  ami  Ifii;^;  aiimilus 
lart^c,  revoluble.  —  Muse.  Frond,  iii.  Go,  t.  27  ;  Siilliv.  &  Ia'S(|. 
Muse.  Bor.-Am.  (ed,  1),  ii.  '27;  Sulliv.  Icon.  Muse.  43,  t.  27; 
Mitten,  Journ.  Linn.  Soc.  xii.  585. 

IIah.  Louisiana  (Druinmond);  Florida  (Chupinun)  ]  moist  rocks, 
Georgia  {Lrstiuen^ax);  sterile. 

24.  F.  grandifrons,  Brid.  Plants  large,  dark  green,  fas- 
ciculate-branching f'-oni  the  base,  rigid  or  jtendent ;  braiu-hes 
short,  railiculose:  leaves  numerous,  equal  throughout,  thick, 
composed  of  multiple  layers  of  cells,  with  a  thick  costa 
vanishing  below  the  ajjcx,  rigid,  entire,  the  Ijorders  of  the  auri- 
cles only  minutely  crenulate :  flowers  axillary ;  archegonia 
numerous:  fruit  unknown.  ^  Muse,  liecent.  Su])pl.  i.  170; 
IJryol.  Eur.  t.  lOG, 

Hah.  Wet  limestone  rocks  near  waterfalls;  abundant  below  Niagara 
Falls;  found  also  in  California  (liolundtr),  Xevada  ( \\'(it.-<oii),  etc. 

26.  OONOMITRIUM,  Mont.  (PI.  1.) 
Plants  slender,  filiform,  fasciculate-ramose,  branching  from 
i.movations  the  whole  length  of  the  stems,  or  from  the  base 
only,  floating.  Leaves  distant,  linear-lanceolate,  short-auriculate. 
Flowers  moncecious,  terminal,  on  more  or  less  elongated  branch- 
lets,  the  male  axillary;  fruits  (cladogenous)  on  young  shoots, 
often  numerous  on  the  same  j)lants.  Calyptra  minute,  conical, 
solid,  covering  only  the  beak  of  the  lid.  Capsule  short-pedicel- 
late, frag''e,  erect,  very  small.  Oj)erculum  conical-beaked. 
Teeth  laciniate  or  entire.     Annulus  none. 

1.  0.  Julianum,  IMont.  Leaves  long,  the  lamina  ending 
at  the  auricles  and  three  times  as  long:  male  Howers  sometimes 
aggregate  ;  perigonium  of  two  or  three  leaves :  caly|>tra  nearly 
black,  erose  or  lacerate  at  base  :  capsule  oblong-ovate,  greenish, 
soft,  red  at  the  orifice,  gradiially  narrowed  to  a  short  green 
pedicel,  very  fragile  at  its  base ;  lid  as  long  as  the  cajisule ; 
teeth  short,  irregularly  laciniate  or  perforate  above  the  middle, 
yellowish  at  base,  pellucid.  —  Ann.  Sci.  Nat.  2  scr.  viii.  250. 
FontinaHs  Juliana^  Savi.  Octodiceras  Julianum^  Brid.  Bryol. 
Univ.  ii.  078  ;  Brvol.  Eur.  t.  108. 

Hab.    On  stones  and  braucbcs  in  wooded  creeks  and  swamps. 


'I 


m^ 


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t 


( 


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'    '  f 


4'- 


,^  r    .^ 


« 


90 


BRYACEiE. 


[Conomitrium. 


2.  0.  Hallianum,  SuUiv.  &  Lcsq.  Plants  very  small  an<l 
Rlt'iKkr,  ill  loose  iloatiug  dirty  green  sparingly  divided  tufts: 
leaves  distant,  long-linear,  gradually  tapering  to  a  blunt  apex  ; 
dorsal  wing  descending  to  the  middle;  areolation  loose,  in 
broader  ovate  angular  cells,  narrower  toward  the  borders:  flowers 
terminal  on  long  branches :  calyptra  longer,  descending  to  below 
the  orilice  of  the  capsule,  split  on  one  side :  capsule  longer- 
]»edicel!ate,  oval-oblong,  with  the  borders  of  the  orilice  tlat;  lid 
conieal-rostrate,  slightly  inclined,  nearly  as  long  as  the  capsule; 
teeth  long,  entire,  not  cleft  and  without  a  divisural  litu",  nar- 
rowly lanceolate,  obscurely  articulate,  yellow,  attached  at  a 
distance  below  the  orifice. — Aust.  Muse.  Appai.  n.  108;  Sulliv. 
Icon,  ]Musc.  Sui»i)l.  43,  t.  28. 

Hah,  On  docayeil  wood  in  wells,  Illinois  {E.  Ilall),  fertile;  en  shaded 
rocks,  New  Jersey  {Auntin),  sterile. 


ifcii 


f 


SuBTKiHE  II.    LEUCOBKYE^. 

Plants  whitish,  spongy  like  Sphar/num,  soft  when  moist, 
brittle  when  dry,  densely  cesjjitose.  Leaves  close,  composed, 
excei>t  on  the  bordere,  of  two  or  three  sui>erposed  layers  of 
large  por  mis  chlorophyllose  cells  sejiarated  by  a  layer  of  inter- 
cellular simple  narrow  chloroj  thy  Hose  ones.  Calyptra  largo, 
whitish.  Capsule,  peristome  and  operculum  as  in  Dkranum, 
or  the  peristome  of  8  short  broad  lanceolate  teeth. 

27.  LEUOOBRYUM,  Ilampe*.    (PI.  2.) 

Capsule,   peristome    and    lid    as    in    Uicranwn.      Flowers 

dioecious. 

1.  L.  VUlgare,  Ilampe.  Kamification  dichotomous  and 
fastigiate  :  leaves  oblong-ovate,  half-clasping  at  base,  lanceolate, 
tubulose  from  the  middle  upward  :  capsule  oblong-ovate,  with 
a  distinct  substrumose  colluni,  slightly  gibbous  below  the  orifice, 
small,  chestnut-color,  black  when  old,  plicate-furrowed  when 
dry  ;  lid  long-subulate-beaked,  curved  downward.  —  Linna?n, 
xiii.  42.  J^ri/um  fflcmciwi^lAnn.  Spec.  PI.  1118.  Dicrojiwn 
ffhiKcitm^  Auct.  OncopJwrns  r/hmais,  Rryol.  Eur.  t.  97  and 
98.  Lcucobryum  f/laitcum,  Schimp. ;  Sulliv.  Mosses  of  U. 
States,  23. 


Octohlrpharum,] 


BUYACEJE. 


91 


IL\r..  Hoots  of  trees,  mossy  damp  places  in  woods,  bonlors  of  swamps; 
not  nuv.     l*'iiiitiiig  in  winter  or  early  spring. 

2.  L.  minus,  Sulliv.  Plants  inoro  sli'iulcr,  scnrci'ly  half  as 
loni;  as  in  the  last  sjK'cios :  leaves  Kliorlor,  more  crowded: 
( a|»siile  smaller  and  pedicel  shorter.  —  Mosses  of  U.  States,  24. 
X.  vuhjare,  var.  tninns,  Ilampe,  1.  c. 

Il.vn.  Hoots  of  trees  in  swamps,  more  generally  on  the  ground  in  dry 
wooils. 

Fruiting  from  June  to  August,  acoonling  to  latitude.  The  time  of  the 
riiK-ning  of  the  frail  is  the  most  marked  ditference  between  this  and  the 
jtrcceding  species. 

3.  L.  sediforme,  Muell.  Plants  with  few  branches  :  leaves 
very  short,  densely  imbricate,  Bubscjnarrose,  exactly  eight- 
ranked,  lanceoiate-aeute,  very  concave,  entire,  mai\!^ined  to 
above  the  middle;  i)ericha}tial  leaves  much  longer  and  nar- 
rower, long-exserted,  convolute  :  capsule  long-pedicellate,  short, 
slightly  strumose.  —  Syn.  i.  75'  Mitten,  Journ.  Linn.  »Soc.  xiL 
111. 

II All.    Florida  {E.  Palmer). 

28.  OCTOBLEPHARUM,  ITedw. 

Plants  densely  cespitosc.  Leaves  thick ;  costa  broadly  enlarged 
at  base.  Calyptra  dimidiate.  Capsule  erect.  Teetli  of  the  peri- 
stome 8,  short,  broadly  lanceolate,  pale  yellow,  diai»hanous. 

1.  O.  albidum,  Iledw.  Stem-leaves  coriaceous,  recurved 
when  dry,  broadly  margined,  lingulate-oblong,  obtuse  or  apicu- 
late,  denticulate  at  the  apex,  unequally  alate  at  base :  capsule 
oval,  short-pedicellate,  erect ;  lid  j>lane  at  base,  obli(juely  subu- 
late-beaked. —  Muse.  Frond,  iii.  15,  t.  C ;  Muell.  Syn.  i.  8G ; 
Mitten,  Journ.  Linn.  Soc.  xii.  109. 

II A u.    Florida;  not  rare. 

SuBTRiBK  in.    CEPtATODONTEiE. 

Plants  cespitosc.  Leaves  linear-lanceolate,  subulate,  clasping 
at  the  base,  spreading  to  every  side  or  distichov.s,  strongly  cos- 
tate  to  the  apex ;  areolation  elongated  and  pellucid  at  the  base. 
Capsule  ovate,  erect  or  inclined,  on  a  long  slender  pedicel. 
Teeth  of  the  peristome  bifid  to  near  the  base ;  segments  long, 
equal,  strongly  articulate,  or  shorter  and  irregularly  divided. 


1 

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92  IJUYACE/K,  [Ccralodon. 

29.  OERATODON,  Uriel.  (PI.  1.) 
Plants  dividing  l>y  innovations  from  under  tin.'  poricluutiiun. 
Loavi'H  lanceolate,  jiapillose,  or  nearly  yinootii  in  the  upper  part. 
Flowers  di(L'eiou.s.  C'a}»sule  ovate-oblong,  striate,  tleeply  fur- 
rowed when  <lry,  sulK-ernuous.  Teeth  of  the  peristome  eleft  into 
two  e(|ual  strongly  articulate  segments,  pa]»illose  above. 

1.  O.  purpureus,  Urid.  Plants  fastigiate,  branching,  dirty 
or  dark  green  :  leaves  carinate,  entire,  rellexed  ;  borders  opacpu', 
nearly  smooth;  areolation  distinct:  cajiside  short-necked,  <lark 
red,  polished,  horizontal,  quadr.ato  or  pentagonal  when  old  and 
dry;  lid  conical,  short-beaked;  teeth  purjile;  annulus  large, 
revoluble.  — IJryol.  Univ.  i.  480;  liryol.  Eur.  t.  IS'J,  lUd; 
Jiraithw.  IJrit.  Moss-Fl.  i.  173,  t.  20,  D.  3ffiiifm  piirjuu'ewii^ 
Linn.  Sp.  Pi.  1111.  Uicranum purjnireum^  Iledw.  Spec.  Muse. 
18(;,  t.  3G. 

Var.  xanthopus,  Sulliv.  Pedicel  of  the  cai)sule  ]»ale  yel- 
low  or  whitish. 

Var.  aristatus,  Aust.  Leaves  narrower,  with  a  long  ex- 
current  costa :  capsule  and  peilicel  pale  colored.  —  Muse.  Appal. 
n.  117. 

IIau.  Almost  evcrywhoro,  and  extremely  variable.  Var.  xanthopns 
conunon  in  Califoruia;  tlic  last  onsamly  barrens  of  New  Jersey  (Austin). 

2.  O.  minor,  Aust.  Differs  from  the  preceding  in  the  short 
stem,  half  a  cm.  long,  the  leaves  lanceolate,  aristate  by  the  long 
point  of  the  excm*rent  costa  and  serrulate  toward  the  apex,  the 
capsule  shorter,  the  teeth  narrower,  articulate  only  from  the 
middle  downward  and  very  narrowly  margined.  —  Coult.  Bot. 
Gaz.  ii.  Hi). 

Il.vn.     West  of  Frazer  River  (Maconn). 

Tlie  autlior  compares  it  to  his  var.  aristatus  of  C.  piirpxtrous,  which, 
however,  is  more  robust,  has  the  costa  not  excurrent  into  as  low^  a  point, 
and  the  peristome  of  typical  cliarocter.  T)ie  difference  therefore  consists 
especially  in  tlie  more  delicate  texture  of  tlie  peristome. 

30.  TRIOHODON,  Schhnp. 

Plants  small,  radiculose  at  base  only,  subcespitose.     Leaves 

long-subulate  from  an  enlarged  sheathing  obovate  or  oblong 

base,  crispate,  smooth ;  areolation  linear-rectangular,  gradually 

longer  to  the  base.     Flowers  dia'cious ;  pericha?tiuni  sheathing. 


Distichlum,] 


Rin'ACE.E. 


03 


C:ilyi'tra  long,  narrow.     Capsiilc  narrowly  pylin<lrical,  roj^ular 

or  subarcuatc,  thin,  smooth.     Ojx'ri'iiluiii  short-conical,     rori- 

stome  larsjjt',  j)uri>lo,  with  the  sciifincnts  of  tlu'  ti'cth  nearly  equal, 

nodose  at  the  articulations  and  minutely  granulose.     ^Vniuilus 

large,  revoluble. 

ItcliUi'd,  liko  Crrntodon,  to  Dlcraninn  in  tlio  modo  of  prowtli;  to  Lrpto- 
trichuin  in  lh<;  form  of  the  oapsulo  ami  stnictunj  of  the  pcristoiiio. 

1.  T.  cylindricus,  Sehimp.  Stem  one  cm.  long:  loaves 
flexuous,  S(juarrose,  curling:  capsule  dusky.  —  Coroll.  JJG. 
2'nc/i()stoviu7)i  ci/lifitlrk'Uf/i^  lledw.  Sp.  Muse.  107,  t.  '24,  figs. 
7  to  i;}.  JJidi/modon  o/Unilrirus^  Wahl.;  Sulliv.  «fc  Les(|. 
Muse.  l)or.-Am.  n.  IOC  (not  Jiruch  &  Schimj). ;  Watson,  Hot. 
Calif,  ii.  oG('>,  excl.  hab.).  Ceratodon  cyUmhucKS^  JJryol.  Eur. 
i.V.Vl.  JJUrichum  tenuij'oliumy  lAinWi.)  Uraithw.  Brit.  Moss- 
Fi.  i.  07,  t.  14,  E. 

II An.  On  old  wood  and  twigs,  Chester  Co.,  Pennsylvania,  fruiting; 
Alleghany  County  and  White  Mountains,  sterile  (Jamcs)\  Nevada 
(]Vatson)\  Ontario  (Mrs.  Hoy). 

31.  DISTIOHIUM,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  (PI.  2.) 
Plants  densely  cespitose,  glossy.  Stems  slender,  repeatedly 
dichotomous  and  fastigiate.  Stem-leaves  exactly  distichous, 
spreading  and  subulate  from  the  half-clasping  base,  broadly  cos- 
tate.  Flowers  monoecious;  antheridia  enclosed  in  a  ]»erigonium 
of  two  or  three  leaves,  or  more  generally  free  in  the  axils  of 
the  upper  leaves,  long,  narrow,  with  long  parajihyses;  peri- 
oluetium  terminal.  Ca])sule  erect  or  subcernuous,  coriaceous, 
glossy.  Lid  conical.  Teeth  linear-lanceolate,  eitlier  nearly 
entire  or  bifid  or  irregularly  lacerate,  punctulate,  reddish. 
Annulus  simple,  large,  deciduous. 

1.  D.  capillaceum,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Tufts  dense, 
tomentose,  silky  green  above :  leaves  long-subulate  from  the 
cla8|>ing  base,  broad,  concave-oblong,  open  and  tlexuous,  very 
entire;  perichnBtlum  of  two  long  sheathing  leaves:  capsul-? 
generally  erect,  regular,  oblong-ovate,  smooth  (not  furrowed) 
when  dry;  teeth  narrow,  irregular,  bifid  or  lacuno'^e.  —  Bryol. 
Eur.  t.  193.     Bryum  montanum,  Lom.  Fl.  Fr.  i.  48.     Swartzia 


•/ 


r 


\ 


5-K   I  . 


4 


'I 


94 


BRTACE.^. 


[Diatichium, 


n 


capiUacca^  Ilcdw.  Miiso.  Frond,  ii.  72,  t.  2G.      Cynontodinin 
cajnllmxittny  lloilw. ;  Mittt-ii,  Joiirii.  Liiiii.  Soc.  xii.  41.    /Smirtzia 
niontiffta,  Lindl). ;  IJrailhw.  I»rit.  Moss-Fl.  i.  102,  t.  15,  I*. 
IIaij.     Cold  ami  siihalpine  regions,  in  fissures  of  rocks;  not  rare. 

2.  D.  inclinatum,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Differs  from  tl»e 
proci'diii^  in  its  soft  irrcgul.'ir  dark  green  tufts;  the  leaves 
close,  shorter,  more  narrowly  subulate  and  minutely  serrate  at 
the  apex ;  the  male  flowers  at  the  base  of  the  perichietiuni, 
which  is  composed  of  three  sheathing  leaves ;  the  capsule  cer- 
-U  nuous,  shorter  ovate ;  and  the  teeth  broader,  strongly  articulate, 

bifid  or  cribrose.  —  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  194.  Sioartzia  incUnata, 
Iledw.  Muse.  Frond,  ii.  74,  t.  27 ;  Braithw.  1.  c.  103,  t.  15,  C. 

IIaii.  Northern  shore  of  Lake  Superior  {Ayassiz);  Rocky  Mountains 
{I)ruinmo)i(l)\  Colorado  (Downie)'y  Uinta  Mountains  (iVatson)',  Sierra 
Nevada  (IlolaniUr). 

Tru'hostoinuia  (?)  scitulum,  Austin  (Coult.  Bot.  Gaz.  i.  29),  descrihod 
as  small  with  slender  stems,  the  leaves  disliclious,  erect,  subsheathing  at, 
base,  spreading  and  undulate,  abruptly  linear-canaliculate,  scabrous  and 
papillose,  crose-serrate  at  the  apex,  is  apparently  a  form  of  this  specit.'s. 
The  description  is  made  from  sterile  plants  found  on  dry  shaded  lime- 
stone rocks  at  the  zinc  mines  of  Odenburg,  New  Jersey.  The  author 
remarks  that  the  leaves  are  much  like  those  of  Distichhnn  incUnatum, 
but  thoy  are  more  undulate-flexuous,  less  solid,  not  so  acute,  and  the 
papilla}  of  the  surface  are  larger. 

32.  EUSTICHIA,  Brid.  (PI.  2.) 
I*Iants  with  the  aspect  of  F'issidens,  more  or  less  densely 
gregarious;  stems  simi)le,  rarely  forking,  flat,  radiculose  and 
bulbiform  at  base.  Leaves  distichous,  densely  imbricate,  cari- 
nate-j>licate,  erect,  smooth,  glossy ;  costa  thick,  compressed 
toward  the  base  into  a  narrow  lamina,  more  enlarged  toward 
the  apex,  percurrent  or  vanishing  below  the  apex  in  the  stem- 
leaves,  passing  in  the  floral  leaves  into  a  long  flexuous  lorate 
acumen  ;  arcolation  oblong-elongated,  hyaline  below,  quadrate- 
hexagonal  and  chlorophyllose  above.  Flowers  dioecious,  ter- 
minal, gemmiform ;  antheridia  and  archegonia  long,  slender, 
with  few  short  piliform  paraphyses.  Calyptra  cuciillate.  Cap- 
sule oval  or  obovate,  on  a  short  flexuous  pedicel.  Lid  flat,  con- 
vex when  moistened,  obliquely  and  narrowly  rostrate.  Peri- 
Btome  none. 


Eustichia.] 


BRYACE.'E. 


95 


1.  E.  Norvegica,  Brid.  Plants  one  or  two  cm.  loner,  sulv 
flexuous:  loaves  short-aciuninato;  oosta  vanisliinj^  at  or  In-low 
the  apex;  perii^onium  of  three  concave  lorati^-acuininatc  leaves; 
porichjctiiitn  <listiclious,  tlie  lower  l('av(>s  shorter,  the  ii|>j)cr  and 
inner  ones  very  lon<^-aciiininate,  obscurely  serrate  at  the  apex : 
calyptra  lar^je,  cuciillifonn,  split  three-fourths  ot  its  lenj^th, 
tipped  with  a  lon<^  slender  flexuous  awn  as  lon^  as  the  calyptra: 
capsule  ohovate,  pale  yellow,  red-hordered  at  the  orifice,  oKliipic 
or  inclined  liorizontally  upon  a  coinjiaratively  thick  pedicel 
(2  m.m.  loniif)  ;  lid  red  at  its  base,  loni^-persistent,  attached  to 
the  columella  and  bearinj^  at  the  borders  fraLcments  of  the  inner 
membrane  lacerated  in  its  dehiscence. —  Hryol.  Univ.  ii.  (574; 
liryol.  Eur.  t.  195;  Sulliv.  Mosses  of  U.  States,  I'D;  E.  (J. 
Knight,  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  x.  90,  figs.  1-G.  J*hyUo<jonium  Xi>rve- 
yicam,  Sulliv.  Muse.  Allegh.  n.  40,  and  ISIeni.  Amer.  Acad.  n. 
ser.  iii.  57,  t.  1.  Jiri/ozip/iiian  N^orveyicunii  Mitten,  Journ. 
Linn.  Soc.  xii.  580. 

IIab.  Not  rare  on  the  shaded  vortical  face  of  sandstone  rocks  in  the 
coal  measures  of  Middle  Ohio  and  K(!iitucky,  sterile.  Found  fortile  only 
(July,  1883)  in  similar  situations  on  rocks  of  the  Potsdam  satulstoiio  in 
the  dells  of  the  Wisconsin  Klver  near  Kilboum  City,  Wisconsin,  by  Miss 
Elizabeth  G.  Knight. 

Two  species  only  of  this  genus  are  known.  The  second,  E.  Savntcri, 
Ilusnot  (lievue  Bryol.  v.  85),  is  from  Japan,  and  has  also  been  found  in 
fruit.  It  differs  merely  in  the  shorter  and  broader  stem-loaves,  abruptly 
round-truncate  and  denticulate  at  the  apex,  and  cuspidate  by  the  excurrent 
rough  thick  pointed  costa.  The  peilicel  is  of  the  same  length  ami  char- 
acter; the  deoperculate  capsule  is  oval.  The  calyptra  and  the  operculum 
have  not  been  seen. 


'^     -If- 


SunxRiBE  IV.    SELIGERIE^. 

Plants  minute,  rarely  of  large  size,  greg.irious  or  densely 
cespitose.  Leaves  open,  narrow,  lanceolate  or  subulate,  cos- 
tate ;  cellules  of  the  areolation  minute,  quadrate,  larger  at  the 
base,  smooth.  Flowers  gemmiform.  Calyptra  cucullate, 
smooth,  entire  or  3-5-lobate  at  base.  Capsule  erect,  subspher- 
ieal,  with  a  distinct  collum,  gymnostomo  or  with  a  peri- 
stome of  16  lanceolate  acute  or  obtuse  or  truncate  smooth  Hat 
teeth. 


nflllfffllMB 

m^K^ii'' 

i 

.    „ .. 

.:-  i 

i  '•  - 

!. 
I 

96 


DIlYAfK.E. 


[AnniJitA. 


-t 


33.  ANODUS,  I'.riKh  &  Sfliimp. 
Platits  vfry  short,  ijrcirarions,  Hitiij)|('.  Leaves  laiiccolatc- 
Buliulatc,  iniiiutcly  serrate.  Flowers  luondM'ioiis,  wilhuut  para- 
J)hyses.  Capsule  erect,  siihtiirltiiiate,  distinctly  siHtrt-iiecked, 
Koft,  tliif),  i;ynuutstonie,  luacrostnme  and  exaiiinilate  ;  pedicel 
Ktraii^lit,  c(»nij»aratively  loiij^.     ()j>erculiim  larL^e,  short-heaked. 

1.  A.  Donianus,  Hnich  it  Schimp.  Leaves  deeply  canali- 
culate,  with  a  str«>ii«r  eontiimous  nerve  mostly  cojnposinLj  the 
njiex  ;  hasilar  cells  of  the  areolation  rectanixular,  empty,  tlio 
upper  tpiadrate,  sm.all,  chjorojthyllose.  —  Hryol.  Kiir.  t.  1()1>. 
iiiptniostoiinnii  /JofiiifHitt/)^  Smith,  I''ni;l.  IJot.  t.  L'jS'J.  S^liijiria 
JJntiiana,  Miiell.  Syn.  i.  4liO ;  Jiraitliw.  Jirit.  Mossd'l.  i.  IKl, 
t.  K),  (i. 

Haij.  I-iinostotio  roc-ks,  Little  Fulls,  New  York  (C.  II.  l'<rk);  Owen 
Suuiul,  Cuiiiuia  (Mdcoitn), 


^ 


34.  SELIGERIA,  Uruch  &  Sohlmp.  (PI.  I.) 
I'lants  sli<4litlv  more  robust  than  in  the  last  ijenus.  Lower 
leaves  very  small,  dista  t,  the  upper  abruptly  tut'tecl  and  nmch 
longer,  entire;  costa  stroni^or  uj)wards,  seTui-terete  or  canali- 
culate. Capsule  subgloboso,  of  thick  texture,  tumid  at  the 
collmn,  turbinate  when  empty.  Li<l  largo  at  the  base,  subulate- 
beaked.  Peristome  of  10  broad  solid  ttveth,  linear-lanceolate, 
obtuse  or  ]>oiiited,  free  to  the  base,  smooth,  orange,  without 
dividing  lines,  inflexed  when  moistened,  reflexed  when  dry. 

'1.  S.  pusilla,  Ilruch  &  Schimp.  Plants  very  small,  soft, 
])ii<rht  ixreen,  loosely  cespitoso  :  lower  leaves  narrow! v  lanceo- 
Ir.te,  the  uj»i>er  long,  narrowly  linear  from  a  bi-oader  concave 
base;  costa  slender,  vanishing  l)elow  the  ai)ex,  translucent; 
bordei-s  nearly  entire,  very  narrow,  distinct  to  near  the  apex  ; 
pfrichictial  leaves  half-clas|»ing  at  base,  laiiceolate,  subulate 
above  :  male  [lowers  terminal  on  se])arate  branches  or  sessile 
under  the  j»ericha'tium  :  ca))sule  ribbed  when  diy,  on  a  com- 
paratively long  strict  yellowish  pedicel ;  lid  oblicpie,  subulatc- 
])eaked.  — Bryol.  Eur.  t.  110;  Sulliv.  Mosses  of  U.  States,  SO; 
Kraithw.  Brit.  Moss-Fl.  i.  117,  t.  IG,  IL  Weiokt  jjusiila,  Iledw. 
Muse.  Frond,  ii.  78,  t.  29. 


Si  H'jcrUi.] 


nilYAf  i:.K. 


07 


Hah.  Sliailt'd  liinoslono  nu-ks,  St.  I.ouis,  Mis-ioiirl  { hriinnnnuil); 
Itcvil's  lloli',  near  Nijigara  Fal's  (^•.  W.  CUntun)]  Now  Jorsey  (.Iw.'f^'H); 
Killy's  Island.  Lake  Kiic  { Lrsi/nvrrtiJ). 

-.  S.  calcarea,  Unuli  tt  Scliimp.  Diffrrs  fniTii  tlic  prc- 
(•('•lini^  in  \\iv  Hhorlcr  aii<l  l»r«»:iil«'r  Iciivt's,  the  lowrr  lanccol.-itc, 
the  iipiicr  (tvatc,  oldunijj  at  Itasc,  cnucavc,  alu'iiptly  ii;irro\\ nl  to 
;i  siiliulatc  Idiiiit  apex,  tin-  vn-tin  ll;it,  ciilafLTt'iI  upward  :ni»l  till- 
ing; tlic  whole  N\i<|tli  of  tlic  lamiii.'i ;  capsule  l.-u'iref,  luore  solitj, 
with  the  heak  of  the  I'hI  shoitei",  and  the  teeth  Itl-o.ider  and 
iMHi-e  <Kns(dy  articulate:  spoi'cs  IarL;er.  —  Ilryol.  Vaw.  t.  1H»; 
iliaithw.  I.  c.  I'Jii,  t.  17,  I>.  Ili'ifithi  otlr,(,',,n,t,  I>ick.s.  Ti. 
Crv]d.      Wi  !.'<l<i  calrarea^  Ileilw.  Spec.  Muse. »'(('»,  t.  xi. 

Ham.     Mincstoiu'  rocks,  Owen  Sound,  Canada  (MuntHn). 

•'{.  S.  recurvata,  IJrnclut  Schimp.  IMantswithdyccspitoso, 
very  short  :  upper  leaves  ovaManccolatc  at  l>ase,  canaliculate 
ahovc,  lon;^'-sul»uIate  liy  the  cxcurretit  costa,  entire;  perlcliatial 
leaves  sht-athini;,  tuhuhtse  at  hase,  laiiceol  ite-suliulate,  tlexiuuis 
nliove:  capsule  sul>i,dohose,  inthitcil  at  the  colluni,  thin,  loosely 
,'ircolate,  re«l  at  the  orifice  ;  petlicel  Ioulj,  yellowish,  arcuate 
when  moistened,  erect  when  dry;  lid  straiuht,  sul)ulatt-lK;il<ed  ; 
teeth  linear,  (d)tuse  or  lanceolate,  sometimes  irre«^ularly  Mlid  at 
the  apex. —  IJryitl.  Eur.  t.  llL*.  (trhmnhi  rrmrcdta,  !Ie»hv. 
Muse.  Frond,  i.  lO'J,  t.  iiS.  S.  setacea^  Lindh.;  JJraithw.  I.  c.  I'Jl, 
t.  17,  C. 

Var.  arcuata.  Leaves  shorter;  pedicel  sliiihtly  arched. — 
^S'lin^^  S<liff<jn^  IIot)k.  &,  Wils.  in  Drunun.  Muse.  Am.  n.  Oil. 

Hah.  Devil's  llolo,  Niaijara  (Clinton,  Mrs.  I'i>>/)\  limestone  roeks, 
Kiiston,  Penn.  {James) ;  the  variety  on  tlie  molasse  of  Lake  Winniijcg 
(Drummontl). 

4.  S.  tristicha,  Brneh  &  Sell  imp.  Plants  riufid  and  cespi- 
tose,  short,  branehinsj:  leaves  distinctly  three-ranked,  close, 
ritrid,  elliptical,  'whitish  at  hase,  narrowly  linear  to  the  Idimt 
ajK'x  ;  j)erichaHial  leaves  lonjjer,  subulate  and  recurved  at  the 
apex;  oosta  excurrent :  capsule  as  in  the  jjrecedint^  species; 
lioak  of  the  lid  inclined,  oranije-oolored  ;  teeth  a  little  narrower. 
—  Hryol.  Eur.  t.  111.  Wciain  tristiv/ut,  IJrid.  Sjtec.  Muse.  116. 
A",  trifaria.,  Lindb. ;  Braithw.  1.  c.  118,  t.  1('»,  K. 

IIab.  Limestone  rocks,  in  shaded  ravines,  Central  Ohio  (Snllli'ant)\ 
very  rare. 

Distinguished  from  the  two  preceding  species  by  its  black  color  and  the 
tliree-ranked  airangement  of  the  leaves. 


-h 


^ 


^11 


X 


:    *-,  i; 

f                                      ■■"-"■. 
?!                                         .'     -  s , 
'-                                                     1  . .  f 

\ 

^A-:..y 


98 


BRYACE.E. 


[Blindia. 


35.  BLINDIA,  Bruch  &  Schimp. 
Plants  of  larger  size,  densely  cespitose,  branching  by  innova- 
tions from  under  the  apex,  fastigiate  when  old.  Leaves  crowded, 
open  or  secund,  broadly  lanceolate  at  base,  subulate,  canalicu- 
late and  costate  to  the  apex,  glossy ;  areolation  narrow,  quad- 
rate  toward  the  apex,  linear  at  base,  enlarged  and  orange- 
colored  at  the  basilar  angles.  Flowers  dioecious ;  pericluetiuni 
sheathing.  Calyptra  large,  covering  the  capsule  to  the  middle. 
Capsule  exserted  on  a  long  or  short  pedicel,  sul)globosc,  solid, 
inflated  at  the  collum;  peristome  of  IG  equidistant  lanceolate 
teeth,  entire  or  perforated  or  bifid  at  the  apex,  purple,  erect 
when  dry,  arcuaie  and  connivent  when  moistened,  distantly 
articulate. 

1.  B.  acuta,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Tufts  olive  or  yellowish 
green ;  jilants  variably'  in  si^e,  one  to  fifteen  cm.  long,  tlie 
slender  stem  mostly  naked  in  the  lower  part.  —  Bryol.  Ear. 
t.  114;  Braitluv.  Brit.  Moss-Fl.  i.  124,  t.  17,  F.  Welsia  aoita^ 
Iledw.  Muse.  Frond.  85,  t.  35.  Grimmia  acuta,  Smith,  Enj^I. 
Bot.  t.  1044. 

Hab.    On  wet  rocks,  Rocky  Mountains  (TJrummond) ;  Cauterskill  River, 
New  York  (Lesquereux);  White  Mountains  (James);  Oregon  (llall). 


^m 


36.  BRACHYODUS,  Fuernr. 
Plants  very  small,  densely  gregarious.  Leaves  lanceolate, 
subulate,  tufted,  with  a  semiteretc  excurrent  costa ;  areolation 
minute  and  quadrate  toward  the  apex,  rectangular-hexagonal 
and  smooth  in  the  lower  part.  Flowers  moncccious,  terminal ; 
antheridia  Avithout  paraphyses.  Calyptra  erect,  conical,  five- 
lobate  at  base,  split  on  one  side  to  near  the  apex.  Capsule 
gradually  enlarged  from  the  top  of  the  pedicel,  erect,  oblong, 
soft,  substriate ;  lid  convex  at  base,  abruptly  long-subulate, 
crenulatc  on  the  borders.  Teeth  of  the  peristome  hyaline, 
punctulate,  sometimes  perforate,  confluent  at  base,  broad  and 
truncate,  rarely  lanceolate,  entire.  Annulus  compound,  very 
large,  persistent. 


CampyloNtdcum.] 


BRYACE^. 


99 


Scliiinper  (Syn.  Muse.  ed.  2,  132)  calls  this  genus  paradoxical,  but  con- 
suku-.s  it  Uiore  related  to  the  Seli'jeriui  than  to  any  other.  Another  species 
(B.  Jicxisetus,  Hampe)  is  foiind  in  the  Andes  of  South  America. 

1.  B.  trichodes,  Fuemr.  Plants  simple :  lower  loaves 
small,  obscurely  cordate,  the  upper  much  louijer,  suhulate 
from  the  ovate  concave  base  :  capsule  deeply  wrinkled  leni;th- 
wise  when  old  ;  pedicel  twisted  to  the  left  in  the  upper  ])art, 
to  the  right  in  the  lower.  —  llegensb.  Flora,  x.,  13eil.  112  ;  Xees  & 
llornseh.  Bryol.  Germ.  ii.  "2.  o,  t.  2;") ;  IJryoI.  Eur.  1. 115.  Gi/m- 
nostoniuni  trichodes^  W'_'b.  &  Mohr,  Bot.  Tasch.  85.  JJmrlnj- 
dontium  trichodes^  Fuernr. ;  Braithw.  Brit.  Moss-Fl.  i.  122, 
t.  17,  D. 

II All.  On  trap  dykes,  Tuckernian's  Ravine,  Mount  Washington  (0. 1). 
Allen). 

37.  CAMPYLOSTELEUM,  Bruch  &  Schimp. 
Plants  densely  gregarious,  very  fihort,  delicate.  Leaves  subu- 
late ;  areolation  mimitely  quadrate  and  chlorophyllose  in  the 
upjter  part,  hexagonal,  rectangular  and  hyaline  in  the  lower. 
Cajtsule  of  thin  texture,  on  a  slender  geniculate  or  arcuate 
]iedicel.  Teeth  of  the  peristome  IG,  lanceolate-subulate,  sj»lit 
to  the  middle  or  to  the  base.  Annulus  broad,  compound, 
rt'voluble.     Spores  very  small. 

This  genus  is  plaf'ed  by  Lindberg  and  Traithwaite  with  Glyphomitrinm 
and  Coschiodon. 

1.  C.  saxicola,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Stem  radictdosc  at 
base  :  lower  leaves  minute,  lanceolate,  the  upper  densely  tufted, 
long-linear,  subulate  from  the  lanceolate  base,  concave,  slightly 
recurved  when  moistened,  subcrispate  when  dry ;  costa  thick, 
percurrcnt ;  pericha^tial  leaves  enlarged,  concave  at  base, 
narrower  upward:  flowers  monoecious;  male  buds  on  a  short 
basilar  branch :  capsule  oblong,  cylindrical,  oval,  pale  re<l  at  the 
orifice,  declined  on  a  long  very  slender  pale  geniculate  pedicel ; 
lid  with  a  very  long  subulate  beak  ;  teeth  reddish  at  base,  pale 
and  punctulate  at  the  apex  of  the  narrow  linear  segments.  — 
Bryol.  Eur.  t.  116.  Dicraiuan  sa.ricola,  Web.  <&  Mohr,  Bot. 
Tasch.  167.  Camj)i/lopus,  Brid.  Grimmia  geniculata^  Schwaegr. 
Suppl.  i.  82,  t.  22.     G.  saxicola,  Hook.  Engl.  Bot.  Suppl.  t.  2627. 

II AB.  On  erratic  rocks,  Massachusetts  (ij.  C.  Inyraham);  sandstone 
rocks,  Kentucky  (Lesquereux). 


'  t 


■  ■-      S       ft?: 


100 


BRYACEJE. 


f 


[Pharomitrium. 


Tribe  III.    POTTIEiE. 

Plants  generally  perennial ;  innovations  fastigiate ;  arcolation 
parenchymatous,  quadrate-hexagonal  in  the  upj)er  part,  more  or 
less  papillose,  very  chlorophyllose,  dilated  and  hyaline  toward 
the  base.  Calyptra  cucullate,  rarely  mitriform-lobate,  smooth. 
Capsule  generally  erect,  symmetrical.  Peristome  simple,  rarely 
absent,  of  16  teeth,  either  rudimentary,  flat  and  membranaceous, 
or  more  generally  perfect,  often  split  to  the  base  into  32  round 
filiform  indistinctly  articulate  segments. 

38.  PHAROMITRIUM,  Schimp. 
Capsule  immersed,  globose,  without  peristome,  enlarged  at 
the  orifice  after  the  falling  of  the  lid,  soft,  loosely  areolate. 
Calyptra  oblique,  j)lurilobate. 

1.  P.  SUbsessile,  Schimp.  Plants  short,  cespitose :  leaves 
obovate-oblong,  acuminate,  with  a  round  costa  passing  up  into  a 
long  ])ellucid  hair-point,  bearing  in  the  middle  two  to  four 
follicles  filled  with  a  granulose  mucilaginous  mass,  often  divided 
into  two  to  four  lamella;:  flowers  monoecious;  anthers  para- 
physate  in  the  axils  of  a  single  perigonial  leaf  near  the  base  of 
the  perichretium :  capsule  on  a  short  erect  pedicel ;  lid  large, 
plano-convex  at  base,  abruptly  narrowed  into  a  short  slender 
and  erect  or  inclined  beak;  annulus  none.  —  Syn.  JVIusc.  121. 
Schistidium  subsessile,  Brid.  Pottia  subsessilis,  Bruch  & 
Schimp.,  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  117. 

IIau.  On  sandy  or  clayey  ground,  stone  walls,  e*^c. ;  plains  and  moun- 
tains; not  rare. 

Variable  in  size,  from  one  or  two  ni.m.  to  four  cm.  or  more  in  length; 
bordei-s  of  the  leaves  generally  entire  noar  the  apex,  sometimes  with  a 
few  distinct  teeth.  Pharomitrium  exiguum,  Austin  (Bull.  Torr.  Club, 
vi.  42),  mere  buds  or  yoimg  plants  with  scarcely  any  stems,  and  with  the 
borders  of  the  leavo^  denticulate  at  the  apex,  is  a  variety  which  is  found 
also  among  Europe  u  specimens. 

39.  POTTIA,  Ehrh.    (PI.  2.) 
Sparingly  branching  from  the  base  or  simple.    Leaves  ovate- 
oblonfj,  acuminate,  soft,  opaque,  smooth  or  papillose  ;    costa 


Pottia.] 


DRYACE^ 


101 


round,  rarely  lamellose  toward  the  apex.  Capsule  erect. 
Peristome  either  none  or  very  imperfect,  or  composed  of  10  flat 
teeth. 

*   Ciqysule  tcithout  peristome  or  nearly  so. 

1.  P.  cavifolia,  P^iirli.  Leaves  ovate-oblonir,  very  concave, 
liiiiLr-aristate  by  tiie  excurrent  lamellate  costa :  capsule  exserted, 
ovatc-oblong^.  —  Ueitr.  i.  187;  IJryol.  Eur.  t.  US.  Gipnnosto- 
))ii/rn  ov<(tu?H,  IIe<hv.  Muse.  Frond,  i.  15,  t.  0.  I*ottia  pusilla^ 
biiidb.  Trichost.  218. 

II Au.  On  naked  ground;  Tlatte  River,  at  base  of  the  Rock\'  Mium- 
tains    (E.   Hull);    Fort    Colville    {Li/all);    near    Carson   City,   Nev.ida 

(II'(//.soh). 

Tlie  leaves  arc  sometimes  scarcely  aristate  and  the  plants  in  loose  tv.fts, 
soniotimcs  with  a  very  long  white  hair  and  the  plants  very  densely 
cespitose. 

2.  P.  minutula,  Fucrn.  Plants  minute,  annual :  leaves 
open,  ovate  and  obionijj-lanceolate,  cuspidate  l)y  the  excurrent 
brown  costa,  recin've<l  on  the  borders,  minutely  papillose  on  the 
liack,  reddish  when  old  :  anthers  naked  in  the  axils  of  pericluc- 
ti:il  or  in  buds  composed  of  two  small  perigonial  leaves:  cap- 
sule minute,  ovate,  truncate;  lid  broad,  short,  conical-obtuse, — 
Reiijensb.  Flora,  xii,  Eri^.-bl.  10;  Bi-yol.  Eur.  t.  111).  Gi/mnosto- 
mum  mimitulum^  Sch\vaei;r.  Suppl.  i.  25,  t.  9.  P.  Starkei^  var. 
(jymnostorna^  Lindb.  Trichost.  219. 

IIah.  Los  Angeles,  California  (BUjelow)  ^  very  rare  in  America,  com- 
mon in  Europe. 

3.  P.  truncata,  Fuern.  1.  c.  Plants  small  and  simple,  or 
lorifjer  and  ramose,  gregarious  or  subcesjiitose:  leaves  open, 
oblong  or  obovate,  acuminate  and  mucronate  by  the  excurrent 
Odsta,  soft,  loosely  areolate,  concave,  flat  on  the  borders,  nearly 
smooth:  capsule  'broadly  ovate,  truncate  or  subcylindrical, 
tryinnostome  ;  lid  plano-convex,  obliquely  rost'-llate,  attached  to 
the  columella  and  falling  with  it.  —  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  120,  121. 
Bn/um  truncatulunr,  Linn.  Spec.  PI.  1119.  Gtpnnostonmm 
trn)icatmn^  Iledw.  Muse.  Frond,  i.  13,  t.  5.  P.  customa,  Ehrh. 
Beitr.  i.  187. 

Hah.     Open  groimd;  New  England  to  Pennsylvania. 

4.  P.  WilSOni,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Plants  simple,  loosely 
cospitose  :  leaves  close,  gradually  larger  u]>wards,  open,  erect, 
oval-oblong  or  ovate-spathulate,  rounded  at  the  a})ex  and  cuspi- 


-^ 


' » 


;  ■  f 

i:#l' 

.■»■^^■■■     1 


102 


BIIYACEyE. 


[Potti 


la. 


date  by  the  oxcurrent  yellowish  costa,  plano-concave,  with 
borders  slii,4itly  recurved,  green,  ehloroi>hylio.se  and  verrucose 
in  the  upper  ])art,  loosely  areolate  and  hyaline  toward  the  base: 
antheridia  paraphysate,  axillary:  ealyptra  tawny  an<l  scabrous 
at  the  a])ex  :  lid  oblicpiely  rostrate  from  a  convex  base :  j)eri- 
stome  coni])osed  of  a  basilar  ])aj)illose  membrane  with  an  irrei^u- 
lar  margin  sometimes  cut  into  rudimentary  teeth ;  annuhis 
simple.  —  Ib'yol.  Eur.  t.  12'2.  Gyninostomum  Wilsoni,  Hook. 
Bot.  Misc.  i.  143,  t.  41  ;  Wils.  Supi)l.  Engl.  Bot.  t.  2710.  J\ 
trtaicata,  var.  sabeijllmlrica,  James,  Bot.  King  Exp.  3U9. 
ILvB.     Meadows  near  Carson  City,  Nevada  (  Watmn). 

T).  P.  Heimii,  Fuern.  1.  c.  Plants  more  robust,  variable  in 
length,  cespitose:  leaves  o])en,  flexuous,  the  lower  distant, 
broadly  lanceolate,  the  upi)er  longer,  close  and  tufted,  lanceo 
late-acuminat"  -"rrulate  at  the  apex ;  costa  subj)ercurrent : 
flowers  syn«eciv,..s  or  in  sej)arate  terminal  buds:  calyi>tra  large, 
smooth:  capsule  obovate  or  oblong,  truncate,  solid,  brown; 
lid  obli(piely  rostrate  from  a  ])lano-convex  base,  attached  to  the 
exserted  columella  and  deciduous  with  it.  —  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  124 ; 
Muell.  Syn.  i.  551.  Gymnostomiuti  lleimii,  Iledw.  Muse.  Frond. 
i.  80,  t.  80. 

Hab.  Ditches  near  Soda  Springs,  on  the  Upper  Tuolumne,  CalifoiTiia 
(liolandcr) ;  mountains  of  Utali  and  Nevada  (  Watson) ;  Colorado  and  the 
Kocky  Mountains  of  British  America;  not  rare 

6.  P.  riparia,  Aust.     Plants  short,  widely  cespitose,  dirty 

green :    leaves     narrowed     to     the    half-clas])ing    base,    sul)- 

spatulate,  rounded  or  lanceolate  with  a  short  acumen,  more  or 

less  distinctly  denticulate,  plane  on  the  borders;  costa  stout, 

vanishing  below  the  apex:   flowers  dicccious  (?)  (male  plants 

nnknown) :  capsule  comparatively  long  and  narrow,  cylindric- 

oblong,    erect   or   slightly   cernuous ;    lid   conical,   mamillate ; 

columella  long,  emerging,  attached  to  the  lid  ;  annulus  large, 

compound.  —  Muse.  Appal,  n.  112;  Sulliv.  Icon.  Muse.  Suppl. 

34,  t.  21. 

IT-vn.  On  moist  rocks  along  streams ;  Palisades  of  Southern  New  York 
and  New  Jersey,  rarely  fertile  [Axislin). 

7.  P.  Barbula,  Muell.  Plants  stemless,  budding,  gre<xari- 
ons  or  snbcespitose,  sim]>le  :  leaves  few,  close  together,  slightly 
twisted,  oblong-lanceolate,  the  lower  acuminate,  the  upper 
blunt  at  the  slightly  crenulate  apex:  flowers  diojcious,  ternii- 


rottta.] 


BRTACE.E. 


nal ;  pcrmonial  leaves  four,  small,  oval  or  cordate:  oa])sule 
ort'C't  uv  oli^litly  curve<l,  narrowly  cylindrioal,  amiulate  ;  lid 
conical  -  siilnilaie. —  Syn.  i.  558.  (ji/tnnostounon  JJurixda, 
S(ii\vaci;r.  Su]»])l.  ii.  77,  t.  175.  Jfi/ophila  Jjarl/ula,  IIanii>e, 
JJut.  Zcit.  iv.  liG7. 
JIau.     Limestone  rocks,  Key  West  (Garhcr)',  a  Cuban  species. 

*  *    Capsule  trrith  a  distinct  perifitonie. 

^.  P.  Starkeana,  ^ruell.  Plants  minute,  sulicesi)itoso. 
annual,  sinij)le  :  leaves  tufted,  ol>lon^-lanceolate,  concave,  re- 
tic\f(l  on  the  borders,  ]»a|»illose  in  the  upper  ]>art,  shortly 
niucronate  by  the  excurrent  costa:  flowers  nu»n(eci()ns;  anther- 
idia  without  paraphyses  in  the  axils  of  coinal  leaves:  eaj»sule 
very  small,  oval-oblong,  chestnut-color,  glossy  :  li<l  short,  coni- 
cal, obtuse;  teeth  ])lane,  truncate  or  ol)tuse,  with  three  or  four 
articulations,  entire  or  i»erforated  here  and  there,  ]»ale  yellow, 
papillose;  annulus  siinjtle,  jiersistent.  —  Syn.  i.  547.  Wciaia 
>St<(r/i-cana,  Iledw.  Muse.  Frond,  iii.  88,  t.  lU.  .[nacal)/pta 
Sldr/icana,  Fuern.  1.  c.  25;  Nees  &  Ilornsch.  IJryol.  Cierm.  ii. 
i;Jl>,  t.  36 ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  125. 

Il.vn.  Ou  the  ground,  Mission  Dolores,  California  {Jiohtudi  r);  Utah 
{Watson). 

The  loaves,  cuspidate  by  the  excurrent  costa,  and  tlio  i>n'S('nco  of  an 
annulus  and  peristome  separate  this  species  from  P.  luhintida,  which  it 
much  resembles. 

0.  P.  latifolia,  Muell.  Plants  short,  bulbiform,  branching 
from  the  base,  gregarious  or  loosely  tufted,  whitish  green  : 
leaves  imbricate  in  buds,  the  lower  rounded,  the  ujtjx-r  roun<l- 
spatulate,  nearly  emargiuate  and  abruptly  apiculate ;  costa 
vanishing  below  the  apex  ;  perichietial  leaves  narrower,  obtuse, 
all  very  concave,  nearly  diajthanous;  n]»i>er  areolation  short, 
oval,  slightly  chlorophyllose,  the  lower  more  enlarged,  hexag- 
onal-rectangular: male  flowers  in  separate  buds  near  the  base 
of  the  fertile  i)lants:  cai)sule  oval-oblong,  erect,  rarely  sub- 
cernuous ;  lid  rostellate,  oblique ;  teeth  lanceolate,  irregularly 
bifid  above  the  middle,  enlarged  and  united  at  base  l)y  a  mu-row 
membrane,  yellow,  minutely  pa])illose ;  annulus  narrow,  per- 
sistent.—  Syn.  i.  549.  Weisia  kitifolia,  Schwaegr.  Suppl.  i.  (54, 
t.  18.  Aiiacahjpta  latifolia^  P\iern.  1.  c. ;  Xces  &  IJornsch. 
Bryol.  Germ.  ii.  135,  t.  36;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  128.  P.  pilifera, 
var.  nniticii,  Lindb. 


T^ 


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f 


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I 


j 

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1 

H 

\. 

-f 


-f 


104 


BRYACE^. 


[Didi/mo'lon. 


Var.  pilifera,  Mucll.  Apex  of  the  leaves  prolonged  into  a 
flexuou.s  hair.  —  Jiri/iun  pilijhnim^  Dicks.  1*1.  Crypt,  iv.  \\). 
PoUia  pilifera^  Liiitlb.  Trichost.  '1'1'i. 

IIah.  Niikcil  ground  in  ali)ine  districts;  Colorado  {Downlr,  W(jlf, 
liothrock)]  Uinta  Mountains  (  Watson)',  British  America  (Druminond). 

40.  DIDYMODON,  Hedw.    (PI.  2.) 

Plants  repeatedly  dichotomous,  fastigiate,  radiculose  at  base. 

Arcolatioii  of  the  leaves  narrower  than  in  the  preceding  g(.iius, 

hyaline  at  base,  chlorophyllosc  and  densely  i)apillose  in  the 

upper  part.     Flowers  polygamous  and  di(ceious,  genmiiforni. 

Calyptra    long,   cucuUate.      Teeth    of    the    peristome    ])I:in(', 

slender,    linear-lanceolate,   confluent   at   base,  nearly  entiri!  or 

split  either  partly  or  sometimes  their  whole  length,  distantly 

articulate,  punctulate,  not  papillose,  often  irregular.     Annuliis 

distinct. 

Distinguished  from  Trichoatomam  hy  the  peristome  composed  of  a  flat 
double  lamina,  and  by  the  softer  and  more  papillose  leaves. 

1.  D.  rubellus,  Bruch  &  Schimp.     Plants  in  reddish  tufts, 

slender,   about    two   cm.   long:    leaves   erect   at    base,   open, 

flexuous  above,  crispatc  when  dry,  the  lower  lanceolate,  shortei-, 

the  upper  linear-lanceolate,   acuminate,  half-cla.s])ing   at   base, 

the  borders  revolute  above,  minutely  papilh)se  on  both  faces; 

costa  narrow,  percurrent ;    pericha?tial   leaves  with   a  longer 

clasping  hyaline  very  thin  base :  ca))sule  oblong-cylindrical,  of 

thin  texture,  dusky  green  when  filled  ;  lid  short  or  long-rostrate, 

inclined  ;  teeth  linear,  more  or  less  strongly  articulate,  entire;  or 

perforated    along   the    divisural    line,   soft,  pale  red;    aniiulus 

large,  fragile.  —  I>ryol.  Eur.  t.  185.     JJryura  rithellum^  Ilcjffm. 

Weisla  recurvi rosin's  and  curvirostris,  Auct.     Trlcliostoniioa 

ruhellum^  Rabenh.;  Muell.  Syn.  i.  581;  Lindb.  Trichost.  2'J(). 

IIau.  On  stones  or  on  the  ground,  on  or  near  the  water;  plains  and 
mountains;  not  uncommon  on  both  the  eastern  .and  western  slopes. 

2.  D.  luridus,  ITornsch.  Dioecious:  tufts  green  when 
moist,  dirty  brown  Avhen  dry,  half  to  one  c.m.  long,  simple  or 
sparingly  branching:  leaves  open  when  moistened,  imbricate 
when  dry,  the  lower  broadly  ovate-lanceolate,  the  upper  longer, 
ovate  at  base,  lanceolate  above,  blunt  or  acute,  concave,  with 
borders    reflexed    and    surface    nearly    smooth ;     costa    stout. 


Leptolrlcliitiii.] 


IJUYACE.E. 


105 


vaiiishiiiL?  with  or  below  tlic  aj»t'x  ;  arcol.ilion  distinct,  ivet- 
aip^ular,  a  liltlu  enlarged  in  the  lower  part ;  ])erielia!tial 
leaves  ereet,  similar,  with  a  loose  areolation :  lid  conieal,  acu- 
minate or  blunt,  ini'lined  or  erect,  variable  in  len<ftli ;  teeth 
irregular,  simple  or  variously  divided,  sometimes  rudimentary; 
basilar  membrane  none;  annulus  very  narrow,  persistent. — 
S|treng.  Syst.  iv.  17ii ;  IJi-yol.  Kur.  t.  IStj.  I'l'ichontotntnn 
liin'ilniii,  Sjiruce;  Lindb.  Ti'iehost.  220. 

Var.  CUSpidatus,  Schimp.  Leaves  cusj)idate  by  the  ex- 
current  nerve. 

IIau.  Niagara  Falls  (T)riunmond,  Clinton);  Miniuisota  (Laphain); 
abiiiulant  on  liiiir^ioiu;  rocks  washed  by  si)ray,  uorLhcra  shores  of  Kelly 
Island,  Lake  Krie  (L(!<(incn'iu(). 

0.  D.  cylindricus,  Ibuch  tt  Schimp.  Diiccious:  loosely 
cespitose,  j)ale  green:  leaves  long,  oj)en,  tlexuous,  linear- 
acuminate,  twisted  wb.cn  diy,  whitish  at  the  base,  fragile,  Hat, 
opanu'-verruculose  above,  minutely  crenulate  on  the  borders, 
or  with  :i  few  distinct  teeth  near  the  apex;  costa  narrow,  ex- 
current  into  a  short  point:  cai)sule  narrowly  cylindrical,  on  a 
long  pale  soft  pedicel;  lid  long-rostrate,  subulate;  teeth  nar- 
rowly linear-lanceolate,  entire  or  diversely  lacerate-perforate, 
fugacious;  annulus  narrow,  ])orsistent. — I>ryol.  Eur.  t.  1<S7. 
Wcisia  <:i//iH(frir<(,  IJruch  ;  Urid.  IJryol.  ITniv.  i.  SOO.  Weisia 
ttttidrostrls^  Hook  &  Tayl.  3[usc.  Brit.  {'1  ed.)  .S;J,  t.  U,  Supp). 
Trichostoiinoa  tenuirosfre,  Lindb.  irichost.  225. 

IIau.  On  old  wood  and  twigs,  Chester  Co.,  reimsylvania,  and  in  the 
Allegliany,  Catskill  and  White  Mountains  (James);  Ontario,  Canada 
(Mrs.  Hoy);  rarely  fertile. 

4L  LEPTOTRICHUM,  IIami.o.    (PI.  L) 

Plants  slender.  Leaves  smooth,  lanceolate-subulate  ;  areola- 
tion narrowly  rectangular  above,  looser  hexagonal-rectangular 
below.  Capsule  oval  or  cylindrical,  erect,  on  a  long  straight 
rarely  flexuous  pedicel.  Teeth  of  the  peristome  cleft  to  the  base 
into  two  linear  articulate  segments,  erect  or  a  little  inclined  to 
one  side,  purple.     Annulus  compound,  deciduous. 

*  Flowers  dioecious. 

1.  L.  tortile,  Muell.  Plants  short:  leaves  seeund  or  spread- 
ing, lanceolate-subulate  ;  borders  recurved  in  the  middle ;  costa 


r 


• » 


■f- 


' 

■    ■      J  ■ 

f 

■1 

106 


BnYAti:.E. 


[Lciitotrichuin. 


ii  *• 


c'xcurroiit,  scrrato  at  tho  ajx-x :  calyptra  (k'scendiiig  to  iho 
middle'  of  iho  capsule:  (•apsulc  narrowly  ol)lon<^  or  cylindri- 
cal, erect  or  slightly  curved,  regular;  lid  .short-beaked;  teeth 
attached  to  a  somewhat  large  basilar  membrane,  mostly  free 
but  sometimes  jjartly  connate  in  the  upper  ])art,  very  variable, 
nodulose,  more  or  less  distinctly  i)aj)illose.  —  Syn.  i.  454. 
I'l'ichoMoinuni  tortile,  Schrad. ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  17U ;  tSuUiv. 
JMosses  of  U.  States,  l2(). 

Var.  pusillum,  Schimp.  Plants  and  cn])sules  smaller; 
leaves  ovate,  concave  at  base,  subulate.  —  l^'ivhostounoa 
2)HsiUiun,  Iledw.  JMusc.  Frond,  i.  78,  t.  28.  Ltptoti'ic/uon 
2)'fniIlH7i),  IFampe,  Linna-a,  xx.  74. 

IIai$.  JSiuuly  and  gravelly  ground,  by  roadsides,  and  in  oiien  fields  in 
billy  districts  ;  the  variety  near  Philadelpliia  (Jcoiicx). 

TnicnosTOMUM  tknck,  Iledw.  (Spec,  [Muse.  107,  t.  24),  collected  by 
j\In/iUiihrr</  at  Lancaster,  Pennsylvania,  still  remains  an  uncertain 
species,  of  wlddi  notlilng  is  known  but  from  Jledwig's  description  and 
figure.  It  differs  from  L.  tortile  in  its  largo  double  annulus,  tlie  muro 
solid  brownish-red  capsule,  and  tlie  plane  margin  of  the  leaves. 

2.  L.  vaginalis.  Differs  from  the  j)receding  s])ecies  in  its 
slender  slightly  longer  stems,  a  longer  sheathing  pericluetiuni, 
whose  imbricate  leaves  are  gradually  narrowed  or  lanceolate- 
subulate  to  a  shorter  blunt  tijK'x,  the  narrower  cajisule,  the 
larger  anmdus,  and  the  smooth  strongly  articulate  or  nodose 
teeth.  —  Ti'ichostomum  27usillum,  var.,  Hook  <fc  Wils.,  Drumm. 
jMusc.  Amer.  (Coll.  II.),  n.  GO  and  61.  7\  var/lnans,  Stilliv. 
Muse.  Allegh.  n.  170,  jNIosses  of  U.  States,  26,  and  Icon. 
Muse.  43,  t.  28.  7\  tortile,  var.  pusillum,  Muell.  Syn.  i.  454, 
in  part. 

II AB.     Clayey  and  sandy  soil  in  the  Middle  States;  not  rare. 

Trirhostomwa  vodulosuin,  Aust.  (Bull.  Torr.  Club,  vi.  74),  is  merely  a 
variety  of  this  species,  as  the  only  character  indicated  by  the  author  as 
specific  is  the  peristome,  which  is  smooth  in  his  species,  and  which  he 
.asserts  to  be  papillose  in  L.  vaginanfi,  contrary  to  Sullivant's  description 
•and  (ignres.  The  last  species  is  itself  separated  with  great  difheulty  and 
uncertainty  from  L.  tortile,  which  has  the  annulus  a  little  narrower, 
though  compound,  and  the  segments  of  the  teeth  (says  Schimper)  very 
minutely  papillose.  That  this  last  character  is  casual  is  proved  by  the 
fact  that  in  his  observations  in  co-operation  with  Mr.  Sullivant,  the 
writer  always  foimd  the  peristome  of  the  species  smooth  and  even  shin- 
ing, while  Austin  has  found  it  papillose.  In  my  opinion  this  L.  vagiiians, 
though  admitted  by  Schimper,  is  a  mere  form  of  the  very  variable 
L.  tortile.  —  (Lcsq.) 


1» 


Leptotrichnm.] 


IJllYACE.E. 


107 


8.  L.  homomallum,  Ilainpo.  Plants  loosely  ccspitose, 
])riulit  i^ri'i'U,  short,  altoiit  two  cm.  lont; :  leaves  ojr'H  or  turned 
to  <»no  side,  ovate,  eoncave  at  haso,  al)rni>tly  siilnilate  ;  eosta 
stout,  excurrent  into  a  long  very  entire  jioint  ;  pcriciuetial 
leaves  with  u  long  elasping  base,  abruitly  and  naj-ruwly  seta- 
ci'ous-subulate  :  caitsule  oblong-ovate  or  ellijitleal,  thiek-walled, 
reddish;  lid  short,  conieal  ;  teeth  without  a  basilar  nieinbrane, 
the  segments  free  or  )>artly  united,  dark  red  ;  annulus  l»road,  eom- 
]iound,  revoluble. —  Liniuea,  xx.  74;  Sehi:n|».  Syn.  1  U.  /V/V/y- 
:>iikIo)i  honiomalliiti,  Ifedw.  Spee.  ^..aso.  lOo,  t.  2.*].  7'n'c/io- 
utouttnn  heteronHillHU)^  Bruch  tt  Sehimj».  liryol.  Eur.  t.  1^1. 

II AH.  On  the  ground,  wost  siile  of  the  Kocky  Mountauis  (hniiiiiuowl, 
n.  Ill');  roadsides,  etc.,  in  the  White  Mouiitiiin  rou'iun,  ('onunon  (Anxlhi). 

4.  L.  flexicaule,  llamj)e,  1.  c.  Stems  long,  slender,  radi- 
otdose,  soft,  yellowish  or  dirty  green,  repeatedly  divided  1)y 
innovalions:  leaves  open  or  turned  to  one  side  or  even  falcate, 
lanceolate,  long-subulate,  the  excurrent  costa  denticulate  at  the 
apex  :  capsule  long-pedicellate,  small  for  the  size  of  the  ))lants,  -l- 
ovate  or  ellij)tical-obl()ng,  regular  or  slightly  curved  ;  lid  nar- 
rowly conical,  erect;  teeth  une(iual,  with  free  slender  fragile 
segments.  —  Ctjnoi1o)itumi  Jfe.vicaxle,  Schwaegr.  Su])pl.  i.  113, 

t.  29.  T'richostonium  Jlexicaule^  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Bryol.  Eur. 
t.  ISO. 

Var.  densum,  Schimp.  Plants  sliortcr,  in  compact  tufts: 
leaves  erect,  shorter.  —  Syn.  145. 

IIah.  On  shaded  Hniestone  rooks  in  suhalpine  regions;  British 
America  [Drnmmond) '^  Cascade  Kivcr  (LyaU)\  Placer  liiver  CaQon 
(Macoun)\   Alaska  (liothrock). 

*  #  J^loicers  mona'cious. 

5.  L.  pallidum,  Ilampe,  1.  c.  Plants  short,  loosely  cespi- 
tose,  ]tale  or  yellowish  green  :  leaves  oj)en,  erect,  spreading  or 
curved  to  one  side,  lanceolate  at  base,  very  narrowly  subulate, 
the  long  excurrent  costa  distinctly  denticulate :  male  flowers 
gemmiform  in  the  axils  of  the  comal  leaves :  cnjtsulo  ovate- 
oblong,  reddish,  on  a  very  long  pale  yellow  pedicel ;  lid  conical,  f~ 
short-beaked;  teeth  divided  into  unecjual  segments,  free  or 
connate  at  the  articulations,  dark  purple,  twisted  when  dry.  — 
Ti'ichostomnm  2)ct^li(^f(n^,  ITedw.  ]\[usc.  Frond,  i.  71,  t.  27 ; 
Bryol.  Eur.  t.  183;  Sulliv.  Mosses  of  U.  States,  26. 

Hab.    On  bare  sandy  or  clayey  soil  in  woods;  common. 


•' 


^tiiiii 


in 


•  • 


"i  K* 


r  •*.  ,  -- 


i,J: 


Ill 


r 


108 


iniVArr.,E. 


[Lcptotrlcham. 


0.  L.  Schimperi,  Lcsq.  PIud^s  snbrcspitoso,  nearly 
Rinijilc,  kIkh'I,  yt'llowish  ijrt't'ii :  leaves  (tpen,  tlexuous  or  falcate- 
secinid,  ohloiiLj  at  base,  ahriijttly  aii«l  narrowly  loiiLj-subiilate, 
denticulate  at  the  ajiex  only,  nearly  lilUd  in  the  nj)j)er  part  I)y 
tho  costti;  jteriehjL'tial  leaves  sheathing  at  base,  the  inner  tiihii- 
lose,  loniif-sulmlatc  :  tlowers  j^eniniiforin,  narrow,  axillary  :  ca])- 
8ulo  obloni;,  erect,  cylin(h"ical,  robust,  yellowish  brown,  with  :t 
shorter  thick  pedicel ;  lid  Ioniser  than  in  the  j)recedinL;  species, 
dark  red,  blunt  at  the  apex  ;  teeth  attached  to  u  lar^je  oranL^e 
fui^acious  basilar  nienibi-ane,  slender,  pale  yellow,  linear,  irrci;- 
ularly  divided,  tlie  sei^ments  broad,  trabeculate  (not  arliciilate), 
lacerate  or  perforated;  annulus  simple:  s|torcs  very  larnc  — 
JMcni.  Calif.  Acad.  i.  9 ;  Sulliv.  Icon.  ]Musc.  Suppl.  37,  t.  1^4. 

Hah.     (^oast  Han^es  of  t^aiifornia,  near  Mondocino  City  (Ilolanihr). 

Tills  species  has  the  aspeet  of  the  last,  hut  is  easily  rocou;nize(l  by  lis 
greenish  color,  the  shorter  broader  solid  capsule  on  a  shorter  thick  iiedicil, 
the  loui^er  dark  red  opereuluui,  the  nuich  Ioniser  leaves,  larger  basilar 
areolaliou,  and  especially  the  peculiar  characters  of  the  peristome. 

7.  L.  glaucescens,  IlamjK',  1.  c.  Plants  ces|)itose,  soft, 
ghuu'ous ;  .^tenis  dichotomous  or  fastiuiate:  lower  leaves  very 
small,  distant,  lanceolate,  the  ui>i)er  tufted,  lanceolate  at  base, 
linear-subulate  above  distantly  serrate  toward  the  apex ;  cosla 
jterciu'rent ;  areolation  distinct :  male  and  female  llowers 
gemmiform,  terminal:  capsule  subcylindrieal,  thin;  lid  nar- 
rowly conical ;  teeth  attached  to  a  very  short  basilar  mem- 
brane, the  segments  of  various  length,  articulate,  papillose, 
I)ur])le.  —  Trichostomiim  (/htucesceiis,  Iledw.  Muse.  Frond,  iii. 
91,  t.  :{7  ;  IJryol.  Eur.  t.  184;  Sulliv.  Mosses  of  U.  States,  20. 
iSalanid  c((f<ia,  Lindb.  T"tk.  Kat.  Grujip.  ]>ladm.  35;  Braithw. 
Brit.  j\Ioss-Fl.  i.  17(5,  t.  20,  F. 

IIau.  Lake  Superior  (A'/dssiz):  Brattleboro,  Verinont  (Frosi);  Min- 
nesota {Laiiluwt);  Kocky  Mountains  (DruiiuiiontJit  Doivnie),  etc. 

42.  TRICHOSTOMUM,  Smith. 
Plants  cespitose  or  pulvinate.  Leaves  gradually  lengthening 
from  the  base  of  the  stem  upward  ;  areolation  minute,  cliloro- 
phyllose  in  the  upper  part,  diaphanous  in  the  lower.  Teeth  of 
the  peristome  divided  to  the  base  into  two  equal  semiterete 
very  papillose  segments,  cither  entire  or  sometimes  irregularly 
divided  or  connate.     Flowers  dia'cious. 


mi\ 


TridiOHfnmum.] 


Br.YArK.K. 


100 


1.  T.  tophaceum,  r>ii<l.  stems  of  various  loni^tli  :  loaves 
open  from  a»  erect  l»ase,  .soft,  rmear-laiiceolale,  obtuse,  eari- 
uate-eoneave,  retlexed  on  the  Jtonlers;  costa  st»jut,  vanisliini; 
below  the  apex  ;  j)ericliiL'tial  leaves  longer,  more  obtuse  :  cap- 
sule ovate-<)l)l()ng,  on  a  tliiek  re<l  oft(;n  tlexuous  pedicel ;  lid 
obliquely  rostrate,  variable  in  length  :  teeth  unecpial,  the  seg- 
ments either  free  or  j)artly  connate,  pale  red  ;  aiunihis  none. — 
Muse.  IJecent.  Sui)pl.  iv.  S4  ;  Hryol.  Kur.  t.  175.  Jfklymodon  (?) 
(lii'crnij'oliits,  Aust.  Muse.  iVppal.  n.  Ilf). 

IIau.  Very  ootninon  on  uioist  liuiostono  rorks;  CaWUn-uhx  {lliiiclow, 
Uohuulrr,  (iihhi)nn)',  Dallas  County,  'I'l-xas  (lloU);  Owtin  tjuuuil,  Canmla 
{Mrs.  lioi/);  Niagara  Falls  (OUvy),  sterile. 

2.  T.  pyriforme.  Plants  cespitoso,  very  short,  dark  straw- 
color,  the  male  jdants  much  t)  smaller:  stemdeaves  lanceolate, 
blunt  at  the  apex,  the  uj)per  longer,  undulate  on  the  borders, 
all  entire,  concave,  with  the  uj)per  nreolation  close,  opatpie, 
obsoletely  jiapillose  on  the  back  ;  costi  stout,  vanishing  below 
or  at  the  apex  ;  pericluetial  loaves  longer,  oblong  and  half- 
clasping  at  b.'ise,  lanceolate,  distinctly  undulate,  obtuse  :  calyp- 
tra  reaching  to  the  base  of  the  lid  :  capsule  short,  ol)ovato, 
trun  'ate,  subj^yriform ;  lid  large  at  base,  obKujuely  long-rostrate; 
teeth  split  i.early  to  the  base  into  nearly  e<jual  filiform  seg- 
ments;  annulus  large,  cotn])ound,  easily  detached. 

IIah.     Florida  (Garher)\  coinnuuiirated  as  n.  n;}S. 

Allicil  to  T.  tnphacnun  in  the  character  of  the  peristome  and  tlv*  obtuse 
pcric'luv'tial  leaves,  but  different  in  th(!  mode  of  growtli,  the  size  of  the 
I)lants,  the  subpyriforni  shape  of  the  aimiilate  capsule,  etc. 

3.  T.  crispulum,  Bruch.  Plants  densely  cespitoso,  bright 
green,  slender:  comal  leaves  open,  invohite  or  twisted  when 
dry,  linear  from  a  slightly  enlarged  base,  cucullato,  incurved  at 
the  apex  and  mucronate  by  the  excun-ont  costa;  borders  erect, 
Hexuous;  areolation  very  small,  indistinct  in  the  upper  ])art ; 
pcricha?tial  leaves  longer  and  mucronate :  capsule  elliptical, 
irregularly  wrinkled  when  dry ;  lid  long-rostrate  from  a  narrow 
red  orifice ;  teeth  divided  into  irregular  and  unecpial  segments, 
connate  or  free,  papillose;  annulus  none.  —  Ilegensb.  Fl.  xii. 
395,  t.  4;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  173. 

IlAB.  On  the  ground,  Guadalupe  Island,  Lower  California  (Palmer)\ 
common  in  Europe,  rare  in  America. 

4.  T.  flaVO-virens,  Bruch.  Plants  loosely  cespitosc,  spar- 
ingly branching,  1  or  2  cm.  long,  yellowish  green  above,  pale  or 


7< 


'I 


(. 

■jlrf 

'  \ 

\ 

•  1 

W^l'. 


\    ,'! 


no 


nRYAC'E.E. 


[Trichostomum, 


fc'n-ui:inous  in  tlir  lowor  i»art :  lower  loaves  Hmnll,  distant,  er"et, 
tlio  u|i|ier  tuftcil,  open,  ol)loni^  and  wliitish  at  hase,  linear- 
lanceolate,  iintliilate,  concave  or  siihcarinate  above,  nincroiiate 
by  the  thick  excnrrent  costa,  entire;  pericha'tial  leaves  siniilar: 
ca|)sule  (»l)lont;,  cylin<liMcal,  erect,  yellowish,  with  a  rod  orilice, 
fili^^htly  sulcate  when  dry,  of  thin  texture  ;  pedicel  coinparativi  ly 
loiiLT,  straight  or  flexnous,  yellowish  ;  lid  conical-rostrate, 
slit^htly  inclined  ;  teeth  lonix,  sleiKJer,  liliforin,  nearly  ecjual, 
scarcely  articulate,  purple;  basilar  inenibranc  nai'row. — 
Re^u'cnsb.   V\.   xii.    K)4,  t.  7;    JJry(.l.  Kur.  t.    17'J. 

Var.  craSSinerve.  Plants  shorter:  leaves  narrower; 
costa  thick,  vanishini^  below  or  at  the  apex  :  teeth  of  the  peri- 
stome whitish. —  7'.  cntssi/ierre,  iranijie,  T/nnia'a,  xxx.  4r)(!. 

IIau.  Floriila,  on  the  firound  {I),  li.  Smith,  Carhvr,  J.  IhtnmH 
Smith);  the  variety  iioar  San  l{afael,  and  in  the  mountains  of  California 
{lii'iclow,  lidHvry  linhindcr). 

5.  T.  flexipes,  Hruch  ifc  Schimp.  Stems  short,  4  to  0  ni.ni. 
lonjx,  branchinj^  by  innovations:  leaves  linear,  acuminate,  undu- 
late on  the  Itorders,  serrate  upward  ;  costa  white,  shinin<jr,  per- 
current :  caj)sulc  narrowly  oblonu^-ovate,  chestnut-color,  on  a 
flexnous  or  curved  ]»edicel  ;  lid  conical-rostrate  ;  teeth  straii,dit, 
equal,  regularly  bifid  ;  annulus  large,  revoluble.  —  Bryol.  Eur. 

t.  171. 
IlAn.    On  the  ground,  California  {Blgelnw,  Ptnlnndcr);  common. 

0.  T.  anomalum,  Schimp.  Plants  loosely  eespitose,  1  to 
4  c.m.  long:  leaves  linear-lanceolate  to  the  point,  serrate 
above,  more  or  less  distinctly  papillose  on  the  inner  surface: 
male  flowers  in  separate  or  aggregated  buds:  capsule  oblong, 
cylindrical  or  rarely  sliglitly  curved,  erect  on  a  long  flexnous 
reddish  pedicel ;  teeth  long,  equal,  erect,  strict,  dark  red ; 
annulus  large,  easily  detached.  —  IJryol.  Eur.  Coroll.  28.  JJar- 
bula  anotvala,  Brueh  &  Schimp.  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  IGO. 

Had.    California  {Coulter,  B.  W.  James);  Florida  (Garber). 


*  f'l 


43.  DESMATODON,  Brid.    (PI.  2.) 

Plants  sparingly  branching,  radiculose  at  base  or  tomentosc 
their  whole  length.  Leaves  ovate  or  obovate,  oblong,  blunt, 
apiculate  or  gradually  acuminate,  costate ;  areolation  close, 
opaque,  papillose  and  chlorophyllose  in  the  upper  part,  loose 


Dcswalmlon, 


BIJY.^CK.E. 


Ill 


ami    hyaline   toward   the   l»asp.      Inflorosronoo    monrpclous   or 

(li(L'<'ioii.H ;  niak'  Howt-rs  tcnuiiial  or  axillarv,  the  fertile  <'ciiiini- 

ft»rm ;    periclia'tial    leaves   siniilar    to    the    Ujiper    Hteiii-h'aves. 

C'aiyiitra  loiii;,  eueiiliate.      CapsiiU'  erect,  arcuate  or  eermiouH 

and  |»eM(U'Ut,  oval-ohh)ni;  or  siilu'viindrical,  distinctly  annulale. 

Peristome  of  1<5  sulmlate  hitld  teeth;  senfinents  round-tetragonal, 

liliforin,  free  or  irregularly  and  transversely  connate,  Ljranulose, 

erect  wlieii  moist,  incurvi'd  when  dry,  i-arely  sliirhtly  twist e(l  to 

the  left.     Cohimelhi  projecting  beyond  the  mouth  of  the  ri|)0 

cajtsule. 

Alliod  In  li.ibit,  modoof  prowtli,  and  toxfuro  of  the  loaves  to  V'jllia ;  In 
the  characler  of  the  peristome  to  Tricliontomnin  and  liurhula. 

*   Capsule  erect. 

1.  D.  latifolius,  Brid.  ^Mttncpclous :  stems  1  or  2  cm. 
long;  leaves  o|ten,  erect,  incurved  or  slightly  twisti'd  when 
dry,  oval-ohlong,  acuminate  or  aristate  l»y  the  excurrent  costa, 
concave  or  carinate,  with  borders  revolute  :  calyptra  covering 
the  capsule  to  its  base:  capsule  oblong,  cylindrical  ;  lid  short- 
beaked,  ol)li(|ue  ;  annulus  simple.  —  IJryol.  Univ.  i.  <)'2i  ;  IJryol. 
Eui-.  t  loO.  Dicranum  htftJ'oftHm,  Iledw.  IMusc.  Frond,  i.  S9, 
t.  ;>;{.  Tn'c/iosfo))iHui  latifoUum,  Schwaegr.  Sui)pl.  i.  145; 
Lindb.  Trichost.  li'Jl. 

^  ar.  glacialis,  Schimp.  Stem  longer,  blender :  coata 
vanishing  below  the  apex.  —  Syn.  157. 

IIah.  Californiiv  (liolnndcr);  Hocky  Monntahis,  with  the  var.  {Dnim- 
mnml,  E.  Hall,  Doirnic)\  Nevada  Mountains  (Watfion);  Cascade  Moun- 
tains (Lijall);  San  Juan  Kangc,  Colorado  {Urandc(jpv). 

-.  D.  Systilius,  Rruch  &  Schimp.  jMona'clous :  leaves 
large,  ovate-oblong,  soft,  Hat  on  the  borders,  minutely  crenu- 
late ;  costa  excurrent  into  a  long  hair :  capsule  narrower, 
cylindrical,  soft ;  lid  attaclied  to  the  columella  and  falling  with 
it ;  teeth  smaller,  less  regular,  partly  transversely  coherent  to 
each  other,  pale.  —  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  131.  Trichostomnm 
/Si/stilito)},  Muell.  Syn.  i.  589. 

IIau.  Mount  Dana,  California  (liolander);  Rocky  Mountains  (Drum- 
mond):  Colorado  (Downte). 

3.  D.  arenaceus,  Sulliv.  &  Lesq.  Pscudo-dioeeious : 
plants  short,  widely  cesjntose :  lower  leaves  short,  erect,  ovate- 


-f 


-t 


[II 


i';:  l| 


112 


lillYACE-E. 


[Drtimatodon. 


-f 


oblong,  the  npjior  lonLjor  and  tufted,  linirulate-oLlong,  ohtuso 
and  .sliort-ai)iciil:ite  at  the  apex,  cremdate  on  the  niari^hi, 
papillose  and  revolute  in  the  npper  ])art ;  costa  thick,  vani.shinc^ 
below  or  ai,  the  aj)ex  :  male  llowers  terminal,  sometimes  in 
detaehed  j)lants  or  buds  scattered  in  the  compact  tufts  :  calyp- 
tra  short,  loni^-bcaked :  capsule  long,  narrow,  cylindrical,  erect 
or  slightly  curved,  broadly  annulate;  lid  conical-obtuse;  teetli 
whitish,  punctu!  e,  distantly  articulate,  coherent  ncai'ly  to  the 
middle,  free  above  and  split  into  irregular  segments.  —  Muse. 
Bor.-Amer.  Kxsicc.  n.  93;  Sulliv.  flosses  of  I'.  States,  2S ; 
Icon.  Muse.  45,  t.  29.  Ue.imatodoii  0/uoensis,  Schini}).  Syn.  159. 
IIau.     Sandstone  rocks,  Central  Ohio,  etc. ;  coniinon. 

4.  D.  Garberi.  With  the  aspect  and  mode  of  grov.'th  of 
J),  (irenaceus^  it  differs  in  the  dioecious  inflorescence,  the  leaves 
narrower,  oblong  or  Ungulate,  lanceolate  or  obtuse  to  the  apicu- 
late  apex,  with  ])orders  inflexed  above  and  not  crenulate  on  the 
li-iargin,  the  costa  percurr-'iit,  ])rolonged  downward  and  decur- 
vent  below  the  base  of  the  leaves,  the  cells  of  the  areolation  not 
}ialf  as  large,  opaque  and  scarcely  pa])il!ose  on  the  back,  the 
capsule  o])long-oval,  broader  in  the  middle,  narrowed  to  the 
pedicel  and  uj)ward  to  the  conical  longer-beaked  lid,  the  teeth 
cut  into  two  unequal  segments  free  to  the  base,  attached  to  a 
short  membrane,  the  annulus  simple. 

Ilyvn.     Florida  (Garbcr). 

5.  D.  Porteri,  James.  Dicccious :  also  closely  related  to 
D.  arouicciis,  but  differing  in  the  stems  much  shorter  (1  to  3 
m.m.  long),  tawny  green,  the  leaves  oblong,  tapering  to  the 
acute  a))ex,  bordered  in  the  upper  j)art  by  a  jiellucid  margin  not 
reflexed,  the  areolation  very  small  and  o])a(]ue,  the  diwcious  in- 
florescence, the  ca])sule  shorter,  oblong,  straight,  the  teeth 
separated  nearly  to  the  base  and  split  into  nearly  equal  seg- 
ments.—  Aust.  Muse.  Appal,  n.  123  ;  Sulliv.  Icon.  Muse.  Suppl. 
30,  t.  23. 

IIau.  On  rocks  at  Easton,  Pennsylvania  ( T.  C,  Porter) ;  Niagara 
Falls  {G.  ir.  Clinton). 

C).  D.  plinthobius,  Sulliv.  &  Lesq.  Dia>cious :  plants 
short,  in  }  'de  green  tufts :  lower  leaves  ovate-oblong,  with  a 
short  hair-poiiit,  the  upper  lingulate-oblong,  carinate-concave 
with  the  borders  revolute  all  around  ;  areolation  minute,  <]ua<i- 
rate  and  very  chloropliyllose,  and  j)apillose  in  the  u})per  j)art ; 


Dcsmatodon.] 


BnYACE^E. 


113 


costa  stout,  cxcurrcnt  into  a  lon;^  wiiitisli  smootli  flcxnouf?  hair : 
male  flowers  genimaccous,  tcnninal :  caj).sult'  cylindrical-oblong, 
erect  or  slightly  curved  ;  lid  short-rostrate,  obtuse,  inclined  ; 
peristome  short,  with  fragile  whitish  granulose  teeth,  split  to 
the  middle;  annulus  very  largo.  —  Muse.  13or.-Ain.  Exsice. 
n.  94 ;  Sulliv.  Mosses  of  U.  States,  28,  t.  2,  and  Icon.  Muse.  47, 
t.  30. 

IIab.  Urick  walls  and  pavements,  Charleston,  S.  Carolina  (Eatenel); 
Nashville,  Tonnessee  {Lesquercux);  limestone  rocks,  Pennsylvania  (Por- 
ter); Texas  {Lindheimer);  Savannah,  Georgia  (J.  Doiuidl  Smifli). 

Kelatod  to  /).  l<(tifolins,  Bruch  &  Schimp.,  differing  in  the  did'oious  in- 
florescence, the  longer  hair-point,  the  longer  and  narrower  capsule,  the 
longer  rostrate  opercuhnn  and  short  calyptra,  the  large  coniiiotuid  annulus, 
and  the  short  peristome  with  teeth  divided  only  to  the  middle. 

7.  D.  Neo-Mexicanus,  Sulliv.  &  Lesq.  ]\rona>cious : 
densely  oespitose,  pale  green :  much  like  the  last  si»eeies,  from 
which  it  differs  in  the  inflorescence  and  in  the  shorter  whitish 
teeth,  which  are  scarcely  split  or  nearly  entire.  —  Muse.  Bor.- 
Amer.  Exsice.  n.  95. 

IIah.    Texas  (Wrlfjht). 

H.  D.  nervOSUS,  Bruch  <fc  Schimp.  Monoecious:  plants 
short,  1  cm.  long,  subcespitose  or  pulvinate  ;  tufts  dirty  green  : 
leaves  crowded,  twisted  when  dry,  oblong  or  subspatulate, 
acuminate,  concave,  reflexcd  on  the  borders ;  areolation  more 
or  less  papillose,  dense  in  the  uj)per  part,  loose  and  rectangular 
in  the  lower ;  costa  vanishing  below  the  apex  or  ])assing  up 
into  a  short  point :  male  flowers  gemmiform,  at  the  base  of  the 
fertile  innovations :  calyptra  covering  the  cai)sule  to  near  the 
base :  caj)sule  elliptical ;  lid  short,  obliquely  beaked ;  teeth 
attached  to  a  somewhat  large  membrane,  very  variable,  short, 
the  segments  unequal,  often  cohering,  very  p'aj>illose,  ferru- 
ginous, erect,  open  when  dry,  oblique  when  moist ;  annulus 
sim])le.  —  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  132.  Tric/iostomum  co)ivolHtum^ 
Brid. ;  Muell.  Syn.  i.  590.  Grimmia  atrovirot.^,  Smith,  Engl. 
Bot.  t.  2015.  J^arbida  atrovirens,  Schim}).  Syn.  (ed.  2)  194. 
lortula  atrovirens,  Lindb. 

Yar.  edentulus,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  .Plants  smaller :  lid 
erect,  conical:  peristome  rudimentary.  —  Sulliv.  &  Lesq.  Muse. 
Bor.-Am.  Exsice.  (ed.  2),  n.  121. 

IIab.  On  clay  and  adobe  walls,  California  {Bolandev),  very  common; 
Guadalupe  Island,  Lower  California  (Palmer). 


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114 


BKYACEyE. 


[Desmatodon. 


-t- 


9.  D.  Obtusifolius,  Schimp.  MoncDcious:  plants  1  cm. 
long,  Kubcc'spitosc :  leaves  crowded,  soft,  erect,  spreading  fmni 
the  middle,  lingulate-lanceolate,  acuminate  or  obtuse,  vcrv 
entire,  hyaline  u})  to  three-fourths  of  their  length,  densclv 
chloroi)hyll()se  above,  minutely  pai)illose  on  the  back,  the  \o\\vv 
smaller,  obtus.;  or  blnnt-pointed,  yellowish  hyaline  nearly  the 
whole  length:  male  flowers  gemmaceous  :  calyptra  tawny :  hd 
short-beaked  ;  teeth  free,  slightly  twisted  to  the  left ;  annulus 
large,  compound,  revoluble.  —  Syn.  158.  Tortula  ohtyif^\fi)Ua^ 
Schleich. ;  Lindb.  Trichost.  23G.  liarhnla  ohtusifolia^  .Schwacgr. 
Suppl.  i.  r29,  t.  31.  Desmatodon  Jlavicans^  Bruch  &  Schinij). 
Bryol.  Eur.  t.  133. 

IL  n.  Rocky  Mountains  (Drummond)^  on  the  ground,  California 
(Bolander)^  Echo  CaQon,  Wasatch  Mountains  (Watson);  Janesville, 
Wisconsin  {Lapham). 

Very  variable  in  the  size  of  tlie  plants  and  of  the  leares,  whicli  are  also 
more  or  less  obtuse  or  even  distinctly  acuminate. 

10.  D.  Guepini,  Bruch  &  Scliimp.  Inflorescence  and  mode 
of  growth  as  in  the  ])receding:  lower  leaves  ovate-lancoolatc, 
the  up])er  oval-oblong,  awned  by  the  excurrent  costa,  with  the 
borders  recurved,  disthictly  i)apillose  on  the  back  :  capsule 
oblong,  subcylindrical ;  lid  large,  conical,  short-beaked  ;  teeth 
free  to  the  base,  very  papillose,  reddish,  erect  when  dry,  halt"- 
convolute  when  moist ;  annulus  narrow,  simjile.  —  Bryol.  Eur. 
t.  133.  £arbi(la  Guepini^  Schinij).  Syn.  (ed.  2),  197.  D'ichos- 
tomum  Ouepini^  Muell.  Syn.  i.  590. 

II AB.    With  tlie  last,  California  (Bolanda'). 

*  *   Ca2)sule  curved  or  pendent. 

11.  D.  cernuus,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Plants  short,  loosely 
cespitose :  leaves  closely  imbricate,  the  lower  small-ovate,  the 
upper  spatulate-lanceolate,  obscurely  serrate  or  crenulate  above, 
papillose,  mucronate  by  the  excurrent  costa  :  capsule  cernuous, 
broadly  ovate,  solid,  brown,  on  a  long  reddish  pedicel ;  liil 
short-rostellate ;  teeth  cut  into  two  or  three  filiform  segments, 
either  free  or  partly  coherent ;  annulus  compound,  persistent.  — 
Bryol.  Vuxvc.  t.  134.  Didyniodon  latifolius^  Wahl.  Fl.  Lap.  31^5, 
t.  20,     Trichostomum  cernuum^  Lindb.  Trichost.  225. 

IIab.  Rocky  Mountains  of  British  America,  in  fissures  of  wet  rocks 
(I)rummond)\  Ruby  Valley,  Nevada  (  Watson)'^  Edmonton  River.  Canada, 
etc.  (Maconn).  The  species  has  not  been  found,  however,  in  Colorado 
nor  in  California. 


Barbula.] 


BRYACE^. 


115 


12.  D.  obliquus,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Stems  short :  leaves 
ovate-obloiig  or  ovate-lanceolate,  awned  or  cuspidate  by  the  ex- 
current  costa,  revoluble  on  the  borders,  closely  papillose  and 
chlorophyllose  in  the  upper  part,  the  double  papilla}  distinctly 
prominent  on  the  borders:  capsule  cylindrical,  obli(jue  :  teeth 
reddish  and  bifid  to  near  the  base,  twisting  to  the  left;  annulus 
siiiii)le.  —  13ryol.  Eur.  t.  130.  Tortida  suberecta,  Ilook.  & 
Wils.  in  Drumm.  Muse.  Anier.  n.  145.  Trichostomum  ohli- 
quitm,  Muell.  Syn.  i.  594. 

II AB.     Sliady  alpine  localities;  Rocky  Mountains  (Dnimmond). 

13.  D.  Laureri,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Plants  soft,  in  small 
compact  green  tufts  intermixed  Avith  radicles,  yellowish 
he'ow :  leaves  close,  imbricate,  spreading,  soft,  ovate-oblong, 
the  upper  longer,  a])iculate,  bordered  by  a  narrow  yellowish 
loosely  areolate  revohito  margin,  reddish  at  base,  hyaline  up- 
ward to  the  middle,  papillose  on  both  faces :  capsule  j)endent 
from  the  arcuate  pedicel,  oblong ;  lid  small,  with  a  short  blunt 
beak ;  teeth  purple,  slightly  twisted,  attached  to  a  l)road  dark 
rod  membrane ;  annulus  douljle,  each  series  detaching  sepa- 
rately.—  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  135.  Trichostomum  Lauren',  Schult/, 
Rogensb.  Flora,  x.  101.     Tortula  Laureri^  Lindb.  Triehost.  243. 

II Au.  Snow  Range  of  the  Rocky  Mountains,  upon  the  ground  (Drum- 
mond)\  Colorado  {Doivnie,  Rothrock,  Wo!f). 

44.  BARBULA,  Iledwig.    (PI.  1.) 
Mode  of  growth,  habit,  and  form  and  reticulation  of  the  leaves 
as  in  Trichostomum.     Peristome  of  16  teeth,  divided  into  32 
long  filiform  segments,  twisted  to  the  left,  attached  to  a  more  or 
less  elongated  tubuliform  tessellate  membrane. 

n.  Aloidell.e.  —  Plants  very  small,  f/rer/ai'ious,  annual: 
leaces  rif/id,  incurved  above;  costa  thickened  and  dilated 
toward  the  apex,  and  covered  icith  articulate  Jilaments  : 
basilar  membrane  of  the  peristome  short. 

1.  B.  brevirostris,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Bisexual:  plants 
very  small,  gemmiform :  lower  leaves  round-ovate,  the  upper 
broadly  oblong,  obtuse:  teeth  making  a,  single  turn;  annulus 
broad,  revoluble.  —  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  138.  Tortula  brevirostris, 
Hook.  &  Grev. ;  Lindb.  Triehost.  233. 

IIab.    Rocky  Mountains  (Drummond);  British  Columbia  (3/aco?<n). 


w\ 


■in! 


Ill 


L  a 


liH 


u 


i^ 


116 


BliYACE.E. 


[Barbula. 


2.  B.  rigida,  Schultz.  Dioecious  :  leaves  spreading  from  an 
erect  base,  oblong,  obtuse  or  a])iculute,  rarely  hair-j)ointe(l : 
oalyj)tra  long-rostrate,  reaching  the  middle  of  the  capsule :  cap- 
sule ellij)tical-obl(}ng ;  lid  long-beaked ;  teeth  long,  twice 
twisted  ;  annulus  broad,  revoluble.  —  Ilecens.  Barb.  IDO,  t.  32 ; 
Bryol.  Eur.  t.  137.     Tortula  stellata^  Ijndb.  Trichost.  233. 

Vars.  mucronulata,  and  pilifera,  Schimp.  Upper 
leaves  mucronate,  or  hair-pointed.  —  Syn.  164. 

Hab.  Rocky  Mountains,  Colorado  [E.  Hall).  Var.  mucronulata  on 
Guadalupe  Island,  Lower  California  {Palmer). 

3.  B.  ambigua,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Dioecious :  plants 
somewhat  longer :  leaver  expanded  star-like  from  an  ovate 
base,  r near-lanceolate,  blunt  at  the  apex,  reddish  on  the  back: 
calyptra  shorter,  scarcely  reaching  the  base  of  the  short-beaked 
lid :  capsule  cylindrical-oblong,  furrowed  wher  dry ;  teeth 
longer,  twisted  once  or  a  little  more,  incurved  when  dry. — 
Bryol.  Eur.  t.  130.  i?.  rigida,  Iledw.  Muse.  Frond,  i.  65,  t.  25, 
excl.  peristome.  Tortula  ambigua,  Angstr. ;  Lindb.  Trichost. 
235. 

Had.    On  the  ground,  near  Athens,  Illinois  {E.  Hall). 

§  2.  CiiLORONOT^.  —  Plants  perennial,  cespitose :  leaves  broad 
and  thin,  not  mcurved  on  the  borders ;  costa  round,  fila- 
mentose  above:  teeth  of  the  peHstome  closely  twisted; 
basilar  membrane  short,  tubulose. 

4.  B.  membranifolia,  Schultz.  Monoecious :  the  plants 
longer,  in  thick  small  tufts,  hirsute  with  white  hairs  upon  the 
leaves,  interwoven  with  radicles :  leaves  open-erect,  broadly 
ovate  and  oblong,  lanceolate,  very  concave,  the  areolation  irre- 
gularly rhomboidal  at  the  denticulate  apex ;  costa  excurrent 
into  a  long  white  hair :  male  flowers  near  the  base  of  the  peri- 
cha3tium,  monophyllous  or  diphyllous :  calyptra  reaching  to  tlu; 
middle  of  the  ovate-elliptical  erect  or  slightly  curved  capsule ; 
lid  narrow,  short-beaked  ;  teeth  thrice  twisted  ;  annulus  simjilo. 
—  Recens.  Barb.  226,  t.  34;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  140.  Tortula  mem- 
branifolia. Hook.  Muse.  Exot.  t.  26.  Tortula  squamigcra, 
DeNot. ;  Lindb.  Trichost.  235. 

Hab.  Western  Arizona,  near  the  mouth  of  Santa  Maria  Creek  {Biqe- 
low);  Rocky  Mountains  (E.  Hall). 

5.  B.  chloronotOS,  Bruch.  Dioecious:  plants  short, 
closely  cespitose :  leaves  close,  imbricate  when  dry,  si)readiiig 


'\'f 


Unrbula.] 


liKYACE.'E. 


117 


when  moist,  ovatc-obloncf,  obtuse  or  slightly  acute,  concave, 
with  a  round  yellowish  costa  exeurrent  into  a  smooth  more  or 
less  enlarged  hair;  meshes  of  the  areolation  minutely  (juadrate 
to  near  the  base,  there  becoming  loose  and  rectangular :  male 
jilanls  smaller:  ca))sule  elliptic-oval,  narrow,  slightly  curved, 
gia.iiler;  teeth  reddish,  twice  twisted;  annulus  com)>ound. — 
Miu'll.  Muse.  Sard.  1829;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  141.  Tortida  crassi- 
nercis,  DeXot. ;  Lindb.  Trichost.  'J3G. 

U\n.     Dry  ravines  on  Williams  Fork  of  the  Colorado,  with  B.  mcm- 
bruuifulia  (Bi(jeloio). 

§  3.  CuNEiFOLi.E.      Plants  s/tort:   leaves   sofi,  more   or  less 

jyapillose^  ovate  or  spatitlate-oblo)irj,  tnith  a  round  nahed 

casta:    teeth  of  the  2>eristome  lon(/,  closely   many   times 

twisted. 

0.  B.  cuneifolia,  Brid.      Monoecious:    plants  l  to  1  cm. 

long,  soft,  simple,  subcespitose :  lower  leaves  distant,  broadly 

ovate,  short-acuminate,  the  up]>er  crowded  and  rosulate,  oblong- 

oliovate   or  spatulate,  abruptly  acuminate  or  aj)iculate ;  costa 

vanishing  below  the  apex,  sometimes  prolonged  into  a  mucro, 

rarely  into  a  short  hair-point ;  areolation  loose :  male  flowers 

l-:Meaved :  caly]>tra  large,  descending  to  bolow  the  middle  of 

tlie  ca])sule :  pedicel  reddish  :  ca])sule  elliptic-oblong,  scarcely 

incurved  ;  teeth   attached   to  a  somewhat  long  tubular  mem- 

hraiic;  annulus  sim]>le,  falling  off  in  fragments.  —  Bryol.  I'niv. 

i.  54!);  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  15G.     JBryimi  cnneifolinm^  Dicks.  Phmt. 

Crypt,   iii.   7.       Tortida   cuneifolia,   Iloth ;    Lindb.   Trichost. 


237, 


IIar.    Clay  soil,  near  Oakland,  California  {Bolander). 

7.  B.  Vahliana,  Schultz.  jNIoncecious :  plants  ^  to  1  cm. 
long,  gregarious  or  subcespitose :  leaves  soft,  the  lower  oblong, 
tlio  u])per  oblong  or  Ungulate,  undulate  on  the  borders,  mar- 
<rinod  by  a  row  of  yellowish  cells,  distinctly  crenulate,  Hat  or 
riflexed,  mucronate  or  subulate  by  the  exeurrent  costa :  male 
flowers  terminal  on  short  slender  branches:  capsule  long,  cylin- 
drical, narrow,  slightly  curved;  lid  short-subulate ;  teeth  long, 
attached  to  a  quadrately  tesscllate  basilar  membrane,  closely 
convolute ;  annulus  broad,  compound.  —  Kecens.  Barb.  222, 
t.  34;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  157.  Tortida  Vahliana,  Wils. ;  Lindb. 
Trichost.  237. 

IlAn.     Clay  soil;  Cajon  Pass  [Bigclow),  and  Monte  Diablo  (Bolander). 


mm  4 


1 

BIB 

r 

. 

a 

J 

1 

i 

3 

B 

3 

; 

a 

i  'II? 

ififlif:^! 


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^"^ 


118 


BRYACE.E. 


[Barbula. 


m 


P\ 


ii 


I 


m 


8.  B.  marginata,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Monoecious :  liahit 
and  mode  of  growth  as  in  JJ.  liolanderi ;  leaves  soft,  oliluiirr, 
Ungulate  or  subspatulate,  obtuse  or  slightly  acuminate,  nuuio- 
nate  or  cus])i(late,  cariuate-concave,  bordered  by  a  double  laver 
of  two  or  three  rows  of  rectangular  thick  yellowish  cells;  costa 
yellow,  i)assing  beyond  the  aj»ex;  areolation  minutely  (quadrate- 
hexagonal,  chloroi)hyllose  and  papillose  in  the  upper  ]»art,  loose 
and  smooth  in  the  lower:  male  flowers  axillary:  ca]»sule  oblouo. 
cylindrical,  light  brown;  lid  narrowly  conical,  blunt,  slightlv 
curved;  teeth  twisted  once;  annulus  broad,  simple.  —  Jh-vol. 
Eur.  1. 158.  Tortilla  ca^spitosa,  Hook,  ffc  Grev.  T.  inarfjlituta, 
Spruce ;  Lindb.  Trichost.  238. 

IlAB.  Culifornia  (liUjelow);  walls  of  houses  in  Virginia  and  Wash- 
ington {James). 

9.  B.  Bolanderi,  Lesq.  Dioecious:  plants  5  m.m.  lonir, 
gregarious,  dirty  straw-color,  sim}>le  or  fasciculately  branched  at 
the  apex:  lower  leaves  short,  open,  the  upper  rosulate,  sj (read- 
ing or  reilexed.  Ungulate  or  oblong,  obtuse,  aj)iculate  by  the 
thick  brown  excurrent  costa;  borders  flat,  or  reflexed  in  the 
middle  of  the  leaves:  male  plants  slender,  intermixed  Avitli  the 
fertile  ones:  cai)sule  narrowly  ovate,  erect  or  inclined,  dark 
red;  lid  conical  -  rostrate,  bhmt,  straight  or  inclined;  tctth 
granuloso,  on  a  short  basilar  yellowish  membrane,  twistiii<f 
once;  annulus  narrow,  simple,  persistent.  —  Trans.  Am.  riiil. 
Soe.  xiii.  5 ;  Sulliv.  &  Lesq.  Muse.  Bor.-Am.  Exsicc.  (ed.  2), 
n.  139. 

IlAn.  Rocks  near  the  Bay  of  San  Francisco,  California  (Bolandcr), 
abundant. 

Related  to  B.  Valdiana  and  B.  marginata,  but  differing  from  the  first  in 
its  shorter  rosulate  simple  stems,  from  the  second  in  the  emargniate  leaves 
and  simple  annulus,  from  both  in  the  broader  Ungulate  merely  miicronate 
leaves,  the  dark  red  capsule,  the  short  basilar  membrane  of  the  peristome, 
and  the  dia'cious  inflorescence. 

10.  B.  amplexa,  Lesq.  1.  c.  Dioecious :  plants  gregarious, 
very  short,  di/ty  green :  leaves  hard  but  fragile,  loosely  imbri- 
cate, lingulate,  obtuse  or  short-acuminate,  concave,  Avith  borders 
revolute  in  the  middle  or  plane  all  around;  costa  thick,  vanish- 
ing below  the  apex ;  upi)er  areolation  chlorophyllose,  o]iaquc ; 
inner  pericha}tial  leaves  two,  closely  clasj)ing  tlie  vaginulc,  vwct, 
abruptly  recurved  at  the  apex,  sometimes  truncate,  apiculatc: 
capsule  short,  narrow,  pale  green  when  young,  yellowish  when 


!iiiiH/:'Si 


Barbuld] 


BRYACE^. 


old,  cylinflrical,  erect;  pedicel  long,  slender,  yellow;  lid  straight, 
r"<ldish :  tiio  iiiiloresconce,  })crist()nic,  and  annulus  as  in  the 
last  species.  —  Sulliv.  &  Lesq.  Muse.  Bor.-Ani.  Exsicc.  (ed.  2) 
II.  140. 

Hau.  On  stones,  in  spnngs  near  San  Francisco,  California  {liolander) ; 
Fort  Colville  (  Watson). 

11.  B.  brevipes,  Lesq.  Dian-ions:  gregarious  or  suhces- 
pitose  ;  stems  very  short,  simple:  leaves  rosulate,  lingulate  or 
olilung,  cuneiform,  obtuse,  revolute  on  the  borders,  carinate, 
coueave  in  the  nj)per  part;  costa  excurrent  into  a  sliort  hair- 
like smooth  j){)int :  male  plants  slender ;  Houers  torminal :  caj)- 
sule  long,  cylindrical,  slender,  subincurved ;  lid  long-conical, 
obtuse;  peristome  syntrichial;  basilar  membrane  long,  cpiad- 
rately  tessellate;  teeth  long,  elosely  twisted,  blood-red;  annulus 
large,  compound.  —  ]Mem.  Calif.  Acad.  i.  I'i. 

IlAn.  Mud  walls,  Mission  Dolores,  in  mats  an  inch  in  ilianjoter  or 
more,  and  on  the  Kussian  lliver  divide,  California  (Bolaiulcr)',  Western 
Nevada  (  Watson). 

Related  in  the  mode  of  growth  and  characters  of  the  leaves  to  the  three 
preceding  species,  but  ditTering  in  the  long  tnltular  membrane  of  the 
peristome,  which  is  like  that  of  Ji.  rAUwscens,  a  stouter  species  which  has 
the  areolatiou  of  the  leaves  smaller  and  close,  and  a  monoecious  intlor- 
escence. 

12.  B.  muralis,  Timm.  Monoecious:  ])ulvinate  or  cespi- 
tose  tufts  whitish  green  ;  stems  ^  to  2  cm.  long :  lower  leaves 
oblong-lanceolate,  the  u])per  long-lingulate,  une(|ual  sided  at 
the  very  i)apillose  apex,  closely  revolute,  thus  ap])earing  mar- 
ginato  ;  costa  broad,  passing  beyond  the  apex  into  a  more  or 
less  elongated  liair-point ;  areolation  small,  indistinct  in  the 
u]»per  part,  loosely  rectangular  and  hyaline  in  the  lower :  male 
llowers  gemmiform  in  separate  branchlots  ;  •a])sule  ovate-oblong 
or  subcylindrical,  regular,  brown;  lid  long-boaked,  slightly 
curved  ;  teeth  attached  to  a  very  narrow  membrane,  closely 
twisted;  anmdus  compound.  —  Fl.  jMegap.  220;  Bryol.  Eur. 
t.  151).  Jh'i/um.  7n^(rale,  Linn.  Spec.  PI.  1117.  Ihrtula 
muralis^  lledw.  Fund.  Muse.  ii.  92 ;  Lindl).  Trichost.  2.39. 

ILvn.  On  rocks,  Pennsylvania  [T.  C.  Porter);  California  {liolnndor); 
Charleston,  S.  C.  {J.  Donnell  Smith);  Norfolk,  Virginia  {James);  on  stone 
walls,  Lodi,  Xew  Jersey  (Austin). 

Very  variable  in  the  size  of  the  plants  and  of  the  capsule,  and  in  the 
shape  of  the  leaves,  which  are  lanceolate  or  obtuse  or  even  obcordate  at 
the  a^iex,  with  the  hair-like  point  varying  in  length. 


fM 


120 


IJIlYACEiE. 


[liarbula. 


§  4.  Unguiculat^.  Plants  longer^  cespitose :  leaves  linear- 
lanceolate ,'  arcolation  close^  tninute^  chlurophyllose  above, 
Iiyaline  or  yellowish  at  base ;  costa  iiaAed,  not  2)rolon(jed 
into  a  /iair-j)oint ,'  2^^^i^haitiani  shcathiny :  Jloirers  di<G- 
cions :  teeth  of  the  peristotne  lony,  closely  twisted,  attached 
to  a  very  short  fnenibrane. 

13.  B.  unguiculata,  Ilodw.  In  soft  briglit  or  dirty  i^rcon 
tufts :  leaves  narrowly  ovate  and  oblong,  linear-laneeohite, 
generally  blunt  at  the  apex  or  mucronate  by  the  exourrent 
costa,  j>lane,  concave  and  revolute  on  the  borders  from  tlie 
middle  downward,  carinate  and  flat  on  the  borders  in  the  ui)|)or 
part,  where  the  green  arcolation  is  closely  papillose  and  indis- 
tinct ;   perichictial  leaves  hyaline  to  near  the  apex :    calyptra 

T  narrow,  long-beaked,  reaching  a  little  below  the  conical  long- 

rostrate  straight  or  curved  lid  :  capsule  oblong-elliptical  or  sul> 
cylindrical,  regular  or  subincurved ;  teeth  purple,  twisted  two 
or  three  times  ;  annulus  none.  —  Frond.  Muse.  ii.  92,  and  Muse. 
Frond,  i.  59,  t.  28 ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  142,  143.  Jiryuni  unyiiicu- 
latum,  Dill.     Tortula  xmyuiculata,  lioth  ;  Lindb.  Trichost.  241. 

IIab.  On  damp  black  soil,  along  fences,  on  rocks,  stones,  etc. ;  vory 
common  and  variable. 

A  number  of  forms  are  described  by  authors,  as  Vars.  cusp'ulata,  apicu- 
lata,  microcarjxt,  obtUNifolla,  fasligiata,  etc.,  whose  characters  are  indi- 
cated by  their  names.  Most  of  these,  if  not  all,  are  found  in  N.  America; 
tlie  last  only  is  alpine. 

14.  B.  Jooriaua,  Muell.  Loosely  cespitose,  small,  bright 
green,  easily  moistened  and  soft ;  stems  simple  or  with  a  short 
terminal  innovation  :  leaves  slightly  crispate,  erect,  open  when 
moistened,  linear-lanceolate  from  a  half-clasping  narrowly  oblong 
more  pellucid  base,  obtuse,  acute  or  short-mucronate,  slightly 
revolute  ton^ard  the  base ;  costa  yellow,  scabrous  on  the  l)ack, 
excurrent ;  cells  of  the  arcolation  rectangular  and  large  toward 
the  base,  minutely  hexagonal,  very  chlorophyllose,  distinct  and 
scarcely  papillose  toward  the  apex  ;  perichaetial  leaves  erect, 
long-sheathing,  oblong,  acuminate,  not  mucronate :  capsule 
erect,  small,  oblong,  on  a  short  reddish  pedicel ;  teeth  very 
slender,  hair-like,  split  to  near  the  base,  reddish.  —  Bull.  Torr. 
Club.  V.  49,  and  Ilegcnsb.  Flora,  Iviii.  77. 

Hab.  Clayey  ground,  near  Baton  Rouge  (Dr.  Joor).  Specimens  doubt- 
fully referred  to  this  species  by  Austin  are  ticketed  as  from  Tort  Royal, 
S.  C.  (Austin). 


Barbula.] 


LIIYACE.E. 


121 


The  author  roniarks  that  it  is  somewhat  like  li.  unpvicnlata.  Indoed, 
from  tlio  cliaraotors  above  Riven,  tlie  ditTeronce  is  unimportant.  Ji.  liuv- 
cndii,  Aust.  (('oult.  Bot.  Gaz.  ii.  81M.  described  from  sterile  specimens, 
api)ears  refcral)ie  to  tliis  sju'cies.  The  short  stt-ms,  the  leaves  crispatc 
wiu'ii  dry.  ovate  and  lanceolate-oblonji  and  subcarinate,  somewhat  obtuse, 
minutely  apiculate,  with  borders  narrowly  recurved  at  base,  the  cosla 
minutely  papillose  on  the  back,  etc.,  arc  characters  that  are  indicated  in 
li.  Joorldiid. 

15.  B.  fallax,  Hcclw.  Plimts  loosely  and  widely  cesjtitose, 
(]usky  green,  reddish  brown  when  dry  ;  stems  rudieulose  at  the 
base  of  the  innovations :  leaves  s(inarrose  or  recurved-spreadins!^, 
tN>isted  when  dry,  lanceolate  or  linear-lanceolate  from  a  more 
enlarged  base,  connate,  revoluble  on  the  borders ;  cells  of  the 
areolation  minute,  sliortly  papillose,  yellowish,  diaphanous, 
e(iual  to  the  base  ;  jteriduetial  leaves  half-sheathing,  the  inner 
bright  green,  the  outer  brownish  green  or  ferruginous:  calyptra 
(leseending  lower  than  in  Ji.  tinfjuicuhita :  capsule  ovate- 
oblong,  gradually  narrowed  to  the  orifice,  slightly  imnirved, 
brown  ;  lid  pur})le,  subulate,  nearly  a^  1<>'>S  ^^  tbe  capsule  ; 
teeth  very  long  and  many  times  closely  twisted;  annulus  none. 
—  Muse.  P'rond.  i.  02,  t.  24;  ]>ryol.  Eur.  t.  147.  Tortida 
vnherhis.,  Smith  ;  Lindb.  Trichost.  250. 

IIai!.  Iiocky  Mountains  (Druinutond);  Fort  Edward,  Xew  York,  and 
Monroe  Co.,  Peinisylvania  (James)',  College  Hill,  Easton  (7'.  C.  Porter)', 
Ontario,  Canada  (Mrs.  lioi/). 

Of  the  numerous  varieties,  the  more  marked  are  Var.  brcvicaulis,  Bruch 
&  Schimp.,  with  simple  and  shorter  stem,  and  shorter  capsule,  lid,  and 
peristome;  and  Var.  brei'ifolia,  Scluiltz,  densely  cespitose,  with  ovate- 
lanceolate  leaves. 

10.  B.  subfallax,  IVIuell.  Much  resembling  the  last,  but 
differing  in  its  pale  green  color,  tlie  leaves  not  ])licate  at  base, 
the  cells  of  the  areolation  minutely  ])aj)illose,  roimd-quadrate, 
soft,  more  distinctly  rectangular  and  pellucid  at  the  base,  the 
))erichjetial  leaves  longer  and  larger,  spreading,  revolute  on  the 
borders  like  the  stem-leaves,  slightly  sheathing  at  base,  the 
cells  of  the  areolation  longer  and  narrower,  the  capsule  on  a 
short  purj)le  flexuous  pedicel,  and  the  annulus  simple,  per- 
sistent. —  Bot.  Zeit.  XX.  338.  Ii.  fallax,  SuUiv.  Pacif.  K.  Kep. 
iv.  186. 

Hab.  Cajon  Pass,  Sierra  Nevada  (Blgelow);  near  San  Francisco 
(liolander);  San  Jose  Valley  (Bauer). 

Except  the  presence  of  a  simple  scarcely  distinct  annulus,  the  specific 
characters  are  unimportant. 


-h 


I! 


t. 


!■;■ 


I'  ^ 


122 


BRYACE.E. 


[Jiarlmii. 


''i'l 


f- 


17.  B.  recurvifolia,  Scliimp.  Tufts  roddisli  brown  ;  stems 
eloiulcr:  liavi's  sjtri'jidiiij^'  or  curved  backward,  loosely  imbri- 
cate and  slii,dilly  twisted  when  dry,  broader,  shorter  and  more 
solid  than  those  of  JJ.falku',  acutely  carinatc,  papillose  on  both 
faces;  borders  plane,  erect  above,  rellexed  near  the  base;  costa 
brown  to  the  ajiex  ;  areolation  as  in  JJ./a/la.v,  the  basilar  celli, 
only  a  little  lari,'er,  quadrate  and  rectangular:  calyplra  very 
narrow,  long-subulate,  covering  a  third  of  the  capsule  :  c.ipsule 
erect,  long,  cylindrical,  regidar,  reddish  brown  ;  lid  subulate, 
Ijeaked  ;  annulus  none.  —  Coroll.  141,  and  Syn.  170;  Aust. 
.Muse.  Appal.  Suppl.  Ji.  faU<i.i\  var.  recurrifoUn^  Wils.  I>r\(>l. 
lirit.  124.      Tortida  recurvifolia^  IJerk. ;  Liudb.  Trichost.  250. 

Hah.  Oh  rocks,  Ilobokcii,  N<\v  Jersey:  Niagara  Falls  (Ant<tiii]\ 
region  of  the  great  lakes,  Canada  (Maconn)\  Colorado  (11,  A.  Vane). 

18.  B.  Oruegeri,  Sonder.     Plants  very  loosely  and  widely 

cespitose,  reddish  brown  below,  ])ale  green  above  ;  stems  slender, 

divided  by  a  simple  innovation  at  the  apex  :  stem-leaves  distant, 

somewhat  twisted,  oj)en,  recurved  when  moist,  and  incurved  at 

the  apex,  oblong-lanceolate,  obtuse,  short-mucronate,  the  borders 

entire,  revolute  at  base;  nerve  thick,  subexcurrent,  green  ;  cells 

of  the  areolation  minutely  quadrate  and  green  at  base,  very 

minute  and  very  o])a(iue,  ])ai>ill()se  in  the  upper  i)art ;  i)ericha3- 

tial  leaves  larger,  broader  and  more  loosely  areolate  at  base : 

capsule  erect,  narrowly  cylindrical,  pale  ;  lid  obli(picly  rostrate, 

r.cute,   red ;    teeth    long   and    very   slender,   closely   twisted ; 

annulus  none.  —  Muell.  Syn.  i.  G18. 

II An.  Borders  of  the  Mississippi  River,  Louisiana  (C.  Mohr)\  Florida 
{Garhcr)\  sterile. 

10.  B.  cancellata,  INFuell.  Plants  loosely  cespitose,  sliort, 
slender,  sim])le,  crisj)ate,  yellowish  green  :  stem-leaves  erect, 
close,  linear-lanceolate,  obtuse  and  short-mucronate,  concave, 
deeply  canaliculate  with  a  thick  reddish  costa,  rugose  on  the 
back,  narrowly  reflexed  toward  the  base  ;  cells  of  the  areola- 
tion small,  regularly  rectangular  at  base,  smaller,  quadrate, 
dark  green  and  pa])illose  above ;  periclijctial  leaves  narrowed 
and  lanceolate-acuminate  from  the  sheathing  base,  with  a  looser 
more  ellij)tical  areolation  :  pedicel  red,  flexuous :  lid  conical, 
oblique,  as  long  as  the  cylindrical  capsule  ;  teeth  cancellate 
(fontinaloi'l),  very  slender  and  smooth,  purple,  split  to  near  the 
base.— Regensb.  Flora,  hi.  483  (1873). 


Barhula.] 


BUYACE.E. 


123 


Il.vn.     Texas,  Dallas  CiMinty  {J.  Hull). 

Much  liko  iho  last,  iMit  (litl't'iing  in  the  long  tocth  of  the  conical  thin 

peristoma,  appcndieMiiato  likt;  thoso  of  a  FontimiUs. 

-<•.  B.  brachyphylla,  Sulliv.  Plants  loni;,  densely  cespi- 
tosc,  fastigiiitt'ly-ljraMciiiiii;,  ra<litMiU>se  tlioir  >vli<)lo  length : 
leaves  open,  ovate,  narrowed  U)  the  outuso  apex,  thiek,  dark 
brown,  the  borders  recurved  all  around  ;  costa  stout,  j)ereurrent : 
calyptni  sliort :  capsule  cylindrical,  erect;  lid  loiiif-rostrate; 
teeth  twisted  half-wav  around  or  scarcelv  so  nuu'li,  attached  to 
a  very  narrow  nienihi'ane.  —  Pacif.  \l.  liep.  iv.  LSO,  t.  '1;  Sulliv. 
&  Les({.  ^lusc.  Bor.-Ain.  Exsicc.  n.  1  •)()'=. 

Haii.     Near  Benicia,  California  [Bbjdov;). 

21.  B.  purpurea,  Muell.  Dilt'ers  from  tlie  ]»recedlng 
species  in  its  small  riyid  purple  tut'ts,  the  short  steins  divi<le(l 
above  into  a  few  short  branches,  naked  below  :  stem-leaves  few, 
open,  spreading  when  moist,  ])urplish,  oblong  and  broader  in 
the  lower  part,  then  oblicjuely  lanceolate,  blunt  at  the  ajiex,  tho 
costa  thick,  purple,  canaliculate,  the  cells  of  the  areolation 
thick,  small,  reddish,  quadrate,  in  the  upper  part  rouiuled, 
smaller  and  more  oblitpie :  ca]»sule  small,  ovate,  with  a  broad 
orilice  when  deoperculate,  the  calyptra  long,  embracing  its  base. 
—  liegensb.  Flora,  Iviii.  78  (1875).  Ji.  bnicJii/p/njUK,  Sulliv.  &, 
Lesq.  Muse.  IJor.-Am.  Exsicc.  (ed.  2),  n.  Kia,  in  part,  tide  ]\Iuell. 

IIab.  On  rocks  near  Oakland,  California,  mixed  with  B.  vircsccns 
(Bolamlcr). 

22.  B.  rigidula,  Schimp.  Tufts  brown  or  dirty  green  ; 
stem  straight:  leaves  open  or  a  little  recurved,  long-lanceolate, 
earinate,  with  borders  recurved  in  the  uj^per  i)art,  revolute  in 
the  lower,  nearly  smooth  and  very  entire ;  basilar  areolation 
rectangular,  narrow,  the  up])er  minutely  quadrate,  disthict ; 
costa  ]>ercurrent ;  perichjvtial  leaves  scarcely  distinct  from  the 
upper  stem-leaves :  caly])tra  long-beaked,  often  half-contorted: 
ca])sule  erect  or  slightly  curved,  nearly  cylindrical,  chestnut- 
color,  polished;  pedicel  straight,  reddish;  lid  short-beaked, 
obliciue ;  teeth  attached  to  a  short  membrane  with  nodose  seg- 
ments, free  or  partly  coherent,  obli(jue  or  slightly  twisted ; 
aunulus  simple,  narrow.  —  Syn.  (ed.  '2), 'J()(].  T'richosto^ninn 
rir/ididum,  Smith,  Fl.  Brit.  iii.  1*238 ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  176. 
Tortula  rigidula.,  Lindb.  Trichost.  249. 

Hak.  Rocky  Mountains  (Brummond);  Russian  River,  California 
(Bolander)\  Vancouver  Island  [Lyall). 


1 

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124 


BRYACn^. 


[liarbutd. 


ii;{.  B.  vinealis,  Ummi.  Alliod  to  Ji.fafkw:  idunts  more 
robust,  Kliortcr,  in  small  rciMisli  ft'iTuginous  tufts:  leaves 
pprcadini;  or  Kulnvcurvcd,  ercct-iiicurved,  inilfriciitc  wiu'ii  dry, 
the  iii»i>ei'  flexuoiis  at  the  acute  apex,  more  narrowly  lanoeolatt; 
from  the  ovate  hase  ;  eosta  hrowii,  suhexeuireiit ;  cells  of  the 
basilar  areolation  broader,  rectan<,'ular,  chloroithyllose,  the 
ujjper  minute,  round,  infhited  or  very  slijjjhtly  papillose;  peri- 
cha-tial  leaves  Ioniser,  half-sheatliini;,  more  abruptly  narrowed, 
subulate  :  calyi)tra  reaehint^  the  middle  of  the  cajisule,  subiilate- 
-|"  beaked  :  cajtsule  narrowly  clliptical-oblonLT,  rei^ular  or  slightly 

incurved,  reddish-brown,  on  a  strong  purjdish  pedicel  ;  lid  nar- 
rowly conical,  obrK|uely  rostrate  ;  teeth  shorter,  jialer,  twisted 
once  or  once  and  a  lialf  around ;  basilar  mend)rane  short, 
punctulate ;  annulus  doid)le,  broader.  —  IJrid.  IJryol.  Univ. 
i.  8!}0;  IJryol.  Eur.  t.  148;  Sulliv.  &  Lesq.  Muse.  lior.-Am. 
Exsicc.  (ed.  2),  n.  180.  IWtuld  rinecdis,  Sj»ruce ;  Lindb. 
Trichost.  241>,  and  Hot.  Not  is.  ISOo,  77. 

IlAn.  Moist  or  shaded  rocks,  California  {Hlgeloio,  Ihlander,  Watson); 
very  common  in  California  and  cxtrcmuly  variable. 

24.  B.  flexifolia,  Ilampe.  Differs  from  JS.  vinealis  in  the 
leaves  crisped  when  dry,  reflexed  when  moistened,  the  borders 
revolute,  tlie  capsule  narrower  subcylindrical,  dark  red  or  brown, 
and  the  teeth  miu'h  twisted.  —  Linnrea,  xxx.  450. 

IIah.  On  the  ground  in  the  Sierra  Xevada,  CaHfornia,  at  3,500  feet 
altitude  (liaucr)\  common  in  California  (liolandvr). 

From  the  examination  of  a  large  number  of  specimens  we  find,  contrary 
to  Ilampe's  description,  the  operculum  sometimes  as  long  as  or  even 
longer  than  in  B.  vinealis.  The  author  says  that  it  is  only  one-third  of 
the  length  of  the  capsule,  and  that  the  '  :th  of  the  peristome  are  reddish, 
then  white  or  very  variable  in  color,  and  he  compares  it  to  U.  seinitorta, 
Sulliv.,  from  which  it  is  very  distant.  This  and  other  species  of  the 
JB.  vinealis  gioup  are  most  difficult  to  separate,  and  their  number  may  be 
either  reduced  or  indefinitely  increased. 

25.  B.  virescens,  Lesq.  Differs  from  JB.  vinealis  in  its 
longer  stems,  dark  brown  in  the  lo\ver  part,  pale  green  above, 
the  leaves  longer-lanceolate  from  the  base,  undulate,  with  bor- 
ders revolute  to  the  apex,  the  areolation  twice  as  large  and 
com])osed  of  oval  or  round  distinct  cells,  the  perichaetial  leaves 
open,  the  lid  shorter,  the  peristome  less  closely  twisted,  and  the 
annulus  broader.  —  Trans.  Am.  Phil.  Soc.  xiii.  4. 

IlAn.     On  rocks  among  redwoods  near  Oakland,  California  ( Bolander). 
This  species  is  intermediate  between  B.  JlexifoUa,  Ilampe,  and  B.  semi' 


liarbula. 


UIIYACK-E. 


12,' 


tortti,  Siilllv.  It  dlffors  from  Iho  last  in  tlio  rovohite  bonlers  of  ilio 
l(>n.t;<>r  loaves,  tho  poristoiuu  longer  twisted,  and  attacbud  to  a  bruudor 
basilar  nicinbnme. 

-0.  B.  cylindrica,  Scliinip.  Miu^h  like  /?.  viMalln,  differ- 
ing ill  tho  iMoro  hIcikIci'  tlt-xiious  stums,  tiic  lower  leiives  distant, 
loni^-lanct'olato,  tho  n\)\)QV  close,  lanceolate  at  base,  narrowly 
lanceolate  and  subulate  above,  recurved  when  moist,  some- 
what twisted  when  dry,  deeply  concave,  verruculose,  tho 
borders  recurved  toward  tho  base,  the  costa  narrower,  the 
perichictial  leaves  similar,  tho  capsule  slightly  longer,  cylindri- 
cal or  subelliptical,  the  peristome  twisted,  and  the  annulus  com- 
posed of  u  triple  row  of  cells.  —  Syn.  (ed.  *2),  '208.  li.  vine((lin, 
xawjlaakluy  IJruch  &  Schimp.  IJryol.  Eur.  Tortnla  inauldiia, 
DeXot.(?).  Tortula  cylindrical  Lindb.  Bot.  Notis.  1^05,  70. 
B.  Jieecheyi^  Les(p ;  Watson,  IJot.  Calif,  ii.  87"J. 

IIah.     Same  as  tbe  last,  and  ofton  mixcil  with  It. 

As  Schimpcr  romarks,  it  is  ditlicult  to  soparato  this  spoclos  from  tlie 
loose  forms  of  the  preceding.  The  capsule  is  lon!:;<>r  and  has  a  longer 
pedicel.  This  and  the  following,  considered  as  varieties  of  li,  vinealis, 
were  mixed  and  distributed  in  Sulliv.  &  Lesq.  Muse.  Bor.-Am.  Kssicc. 
(ed.  2),  n.  131,  as  li.  vinenlis,  var.  Jldcrida.  We  have  more  recently 
received  for  comparison  an  original  specimen  of  Tortula  i)i!iiilini(i,  De 
Not.,  which  apparently  differs  in  its  shorter  more  ovate  cylindrical  cap- 
sule, and  the  borders  of  the  leaves  reflexed  from  below  the  middle  only. 
It  scents,  therefore,  to  be  a  diitinct  species,  but  the  specimen  is  incom- 
plete, the  capsule  being  old  and  empty. 

27.  B.  elata,  Dur.  &  IMont.  Plants  dirty  yellowish  green, 
stronger,  dividing  by  two  innovations  from  below  the  flowering 
apex :  leaves  a])pressed,  slightly  crispate  at  the  a[)e\',  open, 
erect  when  moist,  loosely  imbricate,  tho  lower  smaller,  narrowly 
lanceolate,  acute  from  the  decurrent  ovate  enlarged  base ; 
borders  entire,  revolute  from  above  the  base  to  near  the  apex, 
"where  they  are  flat  or  slightly  recurved ;  ui)i)er  leaves  much 
longer,  linear-lanceolate  from  the  ovate  base,  acute  or  blunt  at 
the  apex ;  cells  of  the  areolation  larger,  quadrate,  j)ellucid  at 
base,  very  small,  opaque,  minutely  papillose  above;  pericha3- 
tial  leaves  lanceolate-subulate  from  the  enlarged  base,  with  a 
loose  pellucid  areolation :  capsule  ellij)tical-oblong,  large,  dark 
purple,  like  its  pedicel ;  lid  long,  of  the  same  color ;  annulus 
pale,  compound.  —  Fl.  Alger. ;  Muell.  Syn.  i.  020. 

II AB.  Near  San  Francisco  (liolandcr),  mixed  with  the  two  preceding 
species. 


i; 


? 


i  1 . 
1 


It.        T.  r 


12G 


BUY  VCEiE. 


[Barhula. 


sm 


.:  m 


The  more  distant  loaves,  less  open,  recurved  when  moist,  the  stem- 
leaves  (>vale,  decurrent  at  base,  and  especially  the  larger  broader  capsule 
with  longer  twice-twisted  teeth,  etc.,  separate  this  species  from  li.  vhicalis. 
The  above  d(!scription,  made  from  the  examination  of  a  large  nunilx-r  of 
specimens,  sliglitly  dil'l'iTs  from  that  of  Mueller.  But  this  author  has 
compared  specinu'iis  and  confirmed  their  identity  with  the  foreign  plant. 

28.  B.  rubiginosa,  Mitt.  Closely  related  to  the  prcced- 
ing  in  the  form  and  areolation  of  the  leaves,  and  to  U.  vineaUa 
in  the  size  and  mocle  of  growth,  but  differing  from  both  in  the 
leaves  merely  appressed  and   curved  when  dry,  in  the  much 

"f"  shorter  lid,  whose  length  is  half  that  of  the  capsule,  in  the 

absence  of  a  peristome,  and  in  the  annulus  composed  of  a  triple 
row  of  cells.  —  Journ.  Linn.  Soc.  viii.  27,  t.  5.     Pottia  ruhUji- 
nosa^  Watson,  13ot.  Calif,  ii.  302. 
IlAn.     Noi tlnvest  America  (Doufjlas). 

29.  B.  semitorta,  Sulliv.  Plants  short,  simple,  loosely 
cesi)itose  :  ui)per  leaves  longer,  tufted,  erect,  half-clas])iiig  at 
base,  horizontal,  linear-lanceolate,  with  flat  borders  and  a  thick 
porcurrent  costa:  calyptra  long  and  narrow,  twisted;  lid  en- 
larged at  base,  subulate,  blunt  at  the  ape  c,  slightly  inclined  :  cap- 
sule erect,  regular,  cylindrical-oblong ;  teeth  long,  half-tAvisted  ; 
anmilus  simj)le,  narrow,  ]KM'sistent.  —  Pacif.  R.  Pep.  iv.  18G,  t.  3. 

IIau.     Near  Bonicia,  California  (Bir/cloio). 

Comparable  to  B.  hrnchyplnjlla,  Sulliv.,  with  which  it  is  mixed,  differ- 
ing in  the  shorter  calyptra  descending  only  to  the  '  ise  of  the  longer  lid, 
the  peristome  less  twisted,  the  leaves  tufted  at  the  top  of  the  stems, 
squarrose-spreading,  gradually  tapering  from  near  the  base  and  not 
abruptly  narrowed  to  the  apex. 

30.  B.  artocarpa,  Lesq.  Densely  cespitose;  stems  slender, 
short,  generally  ;^im]>1e:  lower  leaves  short-ovate  at  base,  lanceo- 
late above,  shortly  cusjtidate  by  the  stout  excurrent  costa,  the 
upper  longer  and  longer  lanceolate-stibulate ;  cells  of  the  areo- 
lation small,  round-quadrate  above,  rectangular  and  slightly 
broader  at  base ;  pericha?tial  leaves  large,  clasping  at  base,  con- 
tracted above,  subulate,  erect :  capsule  ovate-cylindrical,  short, 
slender,  contracted  at  the  orifice;  lid  with  along-subulate  more 
or  less  curved  beak  ;  teeth  slender,  whitish,  once  twisted  ;  annu- 
lus simple,  persistent. — Trans.  Am.  Phil.  Soc.  xiii.  4;  Sulliv.  & 
Lesq.  Muse.  Am.-Bor.  Exsicc.  (ed.  2),  n.  133. 

IlAn.  On  the  ground,  Monte  Diablo,  California  (Bolamler) ;  ^ronterey 
{Watson).  Resembling  the  following  species  in  aspect,  the  characters  of 
the  leaves,  and  form  of  the  capsule,  whicli,  however,  is  annulate. 


liarbula.] 


DRYACE.E. 


127 


31.  B.  gracilis,  Schwacgr.  Densely  tufted  ;  plants  short, 
olive  or  dusky  green,  siin[)le  or  with  few  innovations  :  leaves 
o])en,  ereet,  strict,  loosely  imbricate  when  dry,  smooth,  ovate- 
lanceolate,  acuminate  by  the  excurrent  brown  stout  eosta ; 
l)orders  revolute  from  the  base  to  the  middle  ;  areolation  round, 
miinite  but  distinct,  rectangular  at  the  base  ;  pericluetial  leaves 
large,  reflexed  on  the  borders,  with  a  long  flexuous  point:  ea|)- 
sule  small,  ovate-oblong,  solid,  more  or  less  incurved;  lid  narrow- 
ly rostrate;  teeth  short,  reddish,  twisted ;  annulus  none.  —  Suppl. 
i.  lli'),  t.  o4;  IJryol.  Eur.  t.  145.  Ihrtuhi  (jracilis,  Sclileich. ; 
Lindb.  Trichost.  249. 

IIau.     Crevices  of  limestone  rocks,  IJrattleboro,  Vermont  {Ffost). 
Distinguished  from  li.  J'allax  especially  by  the  suberect  straight  leaves, 
the  loug-euspidatc  pericluetial  leaves,  the  shorter  small  capsule,  etc. 
§  5.  CoN'voujivE.     IHants  dennehf  cespitose:  leaves  bri'jht  or 
ycUoirish  green,  chlorojj/ii/llose,  twisted  when  dry  ;  basilar 
areolation  loose  ;  peridia  tial  leaves  lonr/sheat/iinf/  or  cott^ 
volute:  caj)suh  sinall,  elliptical-ovate,  subincnrved,  brown ; 
teeth  of  the  funnel-like  purple  peristome  very  long,  twisted. 

32.  B.   CCnvoluta,    Iledw.     Plants  short,   in   dense  tufts, 

bright  green  above  :    leaves  oj)en  when  moist,  twisted  when 

dry,  narrowly  lingulate-lanceolate,  with  flat  borders,  acute  or 

apiculate  by  the  excurrent  costa ;  basilar  cells  quadrangular, 

the  upper  close,  round,  subopafpie,  minutely  papillose  ;  peri- 

ciuetial  leaves  convolute,  the  up]>er  closely  sheathing,  obtuse  or 

sliort-ajiiculate :    capsule  oblong-cylindrical,   incurved,  reddish 

brown,   on  a  long  yellow   pedicel ;    annulus  large,  compound, 

revoluble.  —  Muse.   Frond,   i.   80,  t.    32;  Bryol.  Eur.   t.  154. 

Tortula   convoluta,  Schrad. ;  Lindb.  Trichost.  248. 

IIau.  On  the  ground;  British  America  (Z>r»m»((;H(0;  Kaceoon  Moun- 
tains, Alabama  (Lc»qiierenx)\  Enoii  Valley,  Pennsylvania  (Jamef)\  Oak- 
land (Uif/clow),  and  on  burned  trunks,  Ukiah,  California  (Bolandcr). 

33.  B.  Olosteri,  Aust.  Known  only  from  sterile  i)lants, 
and  closely  related  to  the  last,  characterized,  according  to  the 
author,  l)y  its  sublinear  or  oblong-Ianceolatc  subcarinate  remark- 
ably granulose  leaves,  -ery  slightly  recurved  on  one  of  the  mar- 
gins below  the  middle,  with  a  minute  hyaline  point;  leaves 
often  strongly  recurved  at  the  apex. — Coult.  Bot.  Gaz.  i.  29, 
and  iv.  30. 

IIau.  New  Jersey  (^?fstm);  Gainesville,  Florida  (TJai-end).  In  Rau 
&  Ilervey's  catalogue  united  with  B.  Cruegeri,  a  very  dilTerent  species. 


/ 


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-11  ^ 

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vil 

'  fi^ 

128 


BRYACEyE. 


[IJarbula. 


34.  B.  agraria,  Iledw.  MonoGcious :  plants  short  and 
simple,  closely  tufted,  with  few  leaves:  leaves  close,  erent, 
spatulate-lanceolate,  involute  on  the  borders ;  costa  yellow,  ex- 
current  ;  cells  of  the  basilar  areolation  large,  the  upper  smaller, 
hexagonal,  not  opaque;  inner  j)erichfetial  leaves  two,  convohito, 
rounded  to  a  blunt  apex,  loosely  radiculose  :  male  flowers  on  a 
short  basilar  branch,  with  leaves  convolute,  acuminate,  erect : 
calyptra  long-beaked,  reaching  to  the  middle  of  the  capsule : 
ca])sule  annulate,  oblong-ovate  or  subcylindrical  and  slightly  in- 
curved, dark  red,  on  a  comparatively  long  reddish  pedicel ;  lid 
long,  narrowly  conical  ;  peristome  twisted  to  the  left.  —  Muse, 
Frond,  iii.  17,  t.  6 ;  Muell.  Syn.  i.  G04.  I^rt/um  agrariiov.., 
Swartz,  Prod.  139. 

II AB.  On  stones  and  stone  walls;  Key  West,  Floricla  (Pourtalen, 
Gnrber,  J.  Donnell  Smith);  Apalaohicola  (Drummond). 

This  species,  generally  found  in  the  West  Indies,  is  referable  to  a  sepa- 
rate section,  Jli/ophiladelphiis,  Muell.,  relate;!  to  the  Convolutce,  especially 
by  the  involute  stem-leaves  and  tlie  convolute  pericliastial  ones.  Its 
niona'cious  inflorescence  and  the  flat  teeth  twisted  to  the  left  are  char- 
acters at  variance  with  those  of  that  section. 

35.  B.  Raui,  Aust.  Plants  very  short,  gregarious,  sulv 
cespitose  :  leaves  tufted,  crispate,  spatuhite-ovate,  cymbiforin, 
concave,  acuminate  or  apiculate,  smooth,  flat  on  the  borders ; 
costa  stout,  subexcurrent ;  basilar  areolation  loose,  the  upper 
obscure,  of  nearly  round  unequal  cells ;  i)ericha3tial  leaves 
thinner,  convolute,  often  blunt,  thinly  costate  :  flowers  dioecious, 
the  male  i)lants  much  smaller  tlian  the  fertile  ones,  with  leaves 
obscurely  erose-dentate  and  distinctly  costate  :  caly})tra  reach- 
ing the  middle  of  the  capsule,  which  is  on  a  very  slender  pedicel 
1  cm.  long,  erect,  cylindrical-oblong,  costate  when  dry ;  lid 
long-conical,  rostrate,  erect ;  teeth  long,  closely  twisted  ;  annu- 
1ns  narrow. —  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  vi.  43. 

Hau.     On  rocks,  Matagorda  County,  Texas  {R.  G.  BecIuIoU). 

30.  B.  Donnellii.  Dioecious:  stems  2  to  5  m.m.  long: 
leaves  involute,  crispate  when  dry,  open,  s])atulate-oblong  or 
ovate-lanceolate,  acute  or  submucronate,  deeply  canaliculnte- 
concave,  somewhat  scabrous  on  the  back,  obscurely  serrulate  at 
the  apex;  costa  stout,  sidjpercurrent :  fruit  unknown. —  7hr- 
tula  Donnellii^  Austin,  Coult.  Bot.  Gaz.  iii.  31. 

Hab.  Banks  of  tlie  St.  Lucie  River,  Florida,  witli  li.  ngraria  (J.  Don- 
nell Smith).    Apparently  a  variety  oi  one  of  tlie  two  preceding  species. 


Barbula.] 


DKYACE.E. 


129 


§  6,  ToRTUOS.E.  Plants  more  robust :  leaves  longer^  Vnear- 
lanceohde,  Jfexnons,  clrr/tate-crispate  ichen  dry ;  basilar 
areohUion  hose,  hijaline:  capsule  thin  ;  basilar  tiienibrane 
none  or  scarcely  visible. 

37.  B.  CSBSpitosa,  Schwaogr.  IMoiKTcions :  plmis  loosely 
ccspitosc,  variable  in  size,  soft:  leaves  long-linear,  iiuicronate 
by  the  strong  yellowish  costa,  more  or  less  undulate :  male 
flowers  in  axillary  short  pedieellate  buds  of  two  or  threes  leaves: 
capsule  oblong-ovate,  more  or  less  ineurved,  subeylindrieal,  gil> 
hous  at  base,  reddish,  on  a  long  flexuous  j)edicel,  twisted  when 
dry;  teeth  very  long,  jmrple,  twiee  or  thrice  closely  twisted; 
nnnulus  none:  spores  minute,  greenish,  translucent,  smooth. — 
Suppl.  i.  120,  t.  31 ;  Sulliv.  Mosses  of  U.  States,  27.  B.  cir- 
rliata,  Brid. ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  140.  7?.  humilis,  Iledw.  Spec. 
Muse.  110,  t.  25.     Tortula  humilis,  Brid. ;  Lindb.  Triehost.  251. 

Hah.  IJoots  of  trees  in  grassy  places;  common,  especially  in  the  hills 
of  the  Southeastern  States,  and  very  variable. 

38.  B.  tortuosa,  Web.  &  3Iohr.  Dia'cious ;  in  large,  more 
or  less  compact  tufts ;  stems  generally  long  (two  to  four  cm.), 
dichotomous,  tomcntose-radiculose  toward  the  base :  leaves 
densely  imbricate,  twisted-crispate  Avhen  dry,  spreading  and 
ficxuous  when  moist,  linear-lanceolate,  undulate  from  a  thin 
pale  colored  base,  short-cuspidate  by  the  stout  excurrent  costa ; 
pericluTtial  leaves  erect,  half-sheathing,  narrowly  acuminate, 
whitish :  capsule  ovate  or  oblong-cylindrical,  more  or  less 
arcuate,  soft,  yellowish  when  fidl  of  spores,  brown  when  old ; 
lid  narrowly  conical-rostrate  ;  teeth  very  slender,  much  twisted  ; 
onnidus  none.  —  Bot.  Tasch.  205;  liryol.  Eur.  t.  151.     Jiryuni 

ortuosum,  Linn.    Tortula  tortuosa,  Ehrh. ;  Lindb.  Triehost.  253. 
riAn.     Goat  Island,  Niagara  Falls;  Lancaster,  and  Alleghany  Moun- 
tains, Pennsylvania;  Ontario,  Canada;  New  Ihuuswick,  etc. 

39.  B.  fragilis,  Bruch  &  Schim]).  Dio'cious:  widely  cespi- 
tose;  stems  erect,  close  and  straight,  simi)le  and  dichotomous, 
tomentose-radiculose  at  base :  leaves  densely  imbricate  and 
appressed,  lanceolate-subulate  l)y  the  excurrent  semitcrete 
whitish  costa,  flat  and  crenulate  on  the  borders,  ihln  and 
hyaline  at  l)ase,  minutely  areolate,  densely  chlorophyllose  and 
papillose  on  both  faces  in  the  upper  part :  capsule  regular  or 
slightly  incurved,  ovate-oblong;  lid  oblitpie,  long-beaked  from  a 
conical  base ;  teeth  very  slender  and  papillose,  twisted  two  or 


y- 


!';■. 

* 

-/- 


^ 


130 


chyace.t;. 


[Barhiila. 


Vi'ii     ) 


4 


iff  Wi 


-f 


three  times;  annulus  none.  —  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  G39.  Didi/modon 
Jrar/ilis,  Hook.  &  Wils.  in  Driimm.  Muse.  Amer.  n.  127.  Jor- 
tidafrar/illSy  Wils. ;  Lindb.  Trichost.  253. 

IIab.  Kocky  Mountains  (JJriimmond);  Lake  Superior  (A;iafisiz)\ 
Ausable  Kiver,  base  of  the  Adirondack  Mountains,  New  York  {Lcsque- 
reux)\  limestone  rocks,  New  Jersey  {Auntin).    Very  rarely  fertile. 

§  7.  S(2UARiios^.  Plants  long^  widely  and  loosely  cc.yntosc: 
leaves  of  equal  size  the  wliole  lenyth  of  the  stem,  lo/iy-lan- 
ceolate,  squarrose  ;  cells  minute,  chloro2)hyllose,  loose  at  the 
base :  floioers  dioecious,  axillary. 

40.  B.  squarrosa,  Brid.  Tufts  yellowish  green,  not 
tomentose-ratliculose :  leaves  densely  tufted  at  the  toj)  of  the 
fertile  i)hints,  sheathing  at  base,  recurved  and  incurved,  squar- 
rose, twisted-crispate  when  dry,  long-lanceolate,  undulate  on 
the  borders,  serrate  at  the  a[)ex;  costa  thin,  excurrent  or  ])er- 
current ;  i)ericha3tial  leaves  half-sheathing:  innovati«)ns  bearin*' 
sometimes  a  number  of  pericha3tia,  each  with  a  single  fruit : 
calyptra  very  narrow,  fugacious:  cai)sule  small,  ovate-oblong  or 
cylindrical,  a  little  curved;  pedicel  long,  reddish  below,  yel- 
lowish in  the  upjjcr  part;  teeth  very  long  and  slender,  tu ice 
convolute,  with  short  constricted  articulations,  pale  purple, 
very  jtajnilose  and  fugacious;  annulus  narrow,  sim])le.  —  Bryol. 
Univ.  i.  883 :  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  152.  PleurochOite  squarrosa, 
Lindb.  Trichost.  253. 

Hab.  On  the  ground,  at  the  roots  of  pines,  near  Lebanon,  Tennessee 
(J.  Robinson);  Texas  (  Wright).  Extremely  rare,  and  only  sterile  speci- 
mens as  yet  found  in  North  America. 

§8.  Syntriciii.'e.  Plants  robust:  leaves  oblong.  Ungulate  or 
ovate-spatulate  ;  cells  small,  thick,  chlorophyllose,  p(q)illose, 
hexago7ial  above,  larger,  hyaline  and  hexagonal-rcctan g ular 
below :  calyptra  large :  capside  oblong  or  cylindrical,  gen- 
erally subarcuate,  on  a  stout  pedicel ;  teeth  attached  to  a  long 
tubular  membrane  spirally  tessellated,  entire  or  rardy  per- 
forated or  cribrose. 

41.  B.  subulata,  Beauv.  Monoecious:  loosely  cespitose; 
plants  short,  simple  or  divided,  radiculose  at  base :  leaves  ovate 
and  spatidate-oblong,  pointed  or  more  or  less  long-mucronate  by 
the  excurrent  costa,  entire  or  serrate  at  the  apex,  plane  on  the 
borders,  either  entire  or  surrounded  by  a  border  of  yellowish 
lonfj  thick-walled  cells :  male  floAvers  on  short  lateral  branches : 


,,i!.''! 


Barbula.] 


BRYACEiE. 


131 


tubular  hai:c  of  the  peristome  very  long ;  annulus  double.  — 
Prodr.  43;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  IGO,  IGl.  liryum  subulatum,  Liini. 
Sp.  PI.  inc.     ToHula  subulata,  Iledw.;  Lindb.  Trichost.  'i-t'J. 

Var.  subinermis,  Scliimp.  Leaves  shortly  mucrouate  by 
the  excurrent  costa,  with  a  less  distinct  border  :  capsule  shorter 
and  shorter-pedicellate.  —  Syn.  187. 

Var.  mutica,  Schimp.  Leaves  shorter,  broader,  blunt  at 
the  aj)ex,  not  margined,  but  reflexed  on  the  borders. 

Var.  angUStata,  Sehimp.  Leaves  longer  and  narrower, 
linear  with  a  narrow  thick  margin  :  capsule  very  narrow,  cylin- 
drical, subarcuate. 

II AB.  Western  Arizona  (liigclow),  and  at  the  Big  Tree  Grove,  Cali- 
fornia {liolandcr);  Koclcy  Mountains  (£".  Hall)-,  Twin  Lakes,  Colorailo 
(Wolf  it  liothrock)]  British  Columbia  (J/acown),  a  variety  with  entire 
borders  and  long  hair-like  points. 

Lindberg,  1.  c,  remarks  on  the  synonymy  of  this  species  and  its  nume- 
rous varieties,  that  upon  examination  of  numerous  specimens  of  the  dif- 
ferent forms  he  caunot  find  one  with  characters  distinct  enough  to  sepa- 
rate it  as  a  species.  The  surface  of  the  leaves  is  more  or  less  papillose, 
sometimes  smooth,  the  costa  passes  above  the  apex  in  a  short  or  long 
imicro,  the  borders  are  marginate  by  one  or  two  rows  of  longer  yellowish 
cells,  or  entire  with  an  unchanged  areolation,  the  lid  and  the  capsule  are 
variable  in  length,  the  peristome  whitish  or  reddish  brown,  and  the 
annulus  broad  or  narrow. 

42.  B.  inermis,  Muell.  Differs  fr'>m  the  preceding  in  the 
leaves  more  solid,  oblong,  obtuse  or  blunt  at  the  apex,  the 
borders  not  margined,  very  entire,  revolute  in  the  upj)er  jiart, 
tlie  areolation  smaller,  more  o})aque  and  dense,  and  the  cajisule 
shorter.  —  Syn.  i.  624.  Tortula  inermis^  Mont. ;  Lindb. 
Trichost.  241.  li.  subulata,  var.  inermis,  Bruch  &  Schimp. 
Bryol.  Eur.  t.  161,  in  part,  and  167. 

IIab.    California,  near  the  Rio  Colorado  (BUjcloio). 

43.  B.  mucronifolia,  Bmch  &  Schimp.  IVIode  of  growth 
as  in  B.  subulata,  from  which  it  differs  in  the  leaves  a  little 
shorter  with  inmiarginate  borders  reflexed  toward  the  ])ase,  the 
areolation  looser,  the  costa  excurrent  into  a  longer  smooth 
point,  the  lid  and  the  pedicel  of  the  cai»sule  shorter,  the  annulus 
broader,  the  tubular  often  perforated  memln-ane  nearly  half  as 
long,  with  shorter  teeth,  and  the  male  flowers  smaller.  —  Bryol. 
Eur.  t.  162.  Tortula  tvucronifoUa,  Schwaegr.  Supjtl.  i.  1-j6, 
t.  34.     T.  subulata,  var.  hnmfoUa,  Lindb.  Trichost.  242. 

Hab.    Bare  ground,  limestone  rocks,  banks  of  streams,  etc. ;  not  rare. 


'i  ^«$i  ( 


y- 


^^m 


I  -I 


132 


BRYACEuE. 


[Barbula. 


k 


44.  B.  laBVipila,  Bruch  &  Scliimp.  Monoecious :  j)lant3 
long  and  robust,  in  dense  tufts,  diohotomous,  tomcntose-radieu- 
lose  at  base :  leaves  glaucous  green,  brownish  when  old,  open 
or  reeurved  at  the  apex,  oblong-obovate  and  s])atulate,  entire  or 
surrounded  by  a  broad  yellow  margin  of  round-hexagonal  cells, 
rounded  and  eniarginatc  at  the  apex ;  costa  reddish-brown, 
passing  above  into  a  white  filiform  mucro,  either  smooth  or 
dentate  at  the  apex;  upper  areolation  very  dense:  capsule 
oblong-cylindrical,  slightly  arched,  solid,  dark  brown ;  [)etlicel 
short,  purplish,  twisted  to  the  left  when  dry ;  lid  slender, 
conical ;  tubular  membrane  one-third  the  length  of  the  peri- 
stome ;  teeth  closely  and  many  times  twisted.  —  Bryol.  Eur.  t. 
104.  Tortilla  loivijnla^  Schwaegr.  Suppl.  ii.  C6,  t.  120  ;  Lindb. 
Trichost.  245. 

IlAii.  Foot  of  Monte  Diablo  (Bolandar) ,  and  Duncan's  Mills,  Cali- 
fornia (  Watson)\  Nevada  (Watson)\  Vancouver  Island  (Lijall). 

45.  B.  latifolia,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Dioecious :  plants  ir- 
regularly and  loosely  cespitose,  dark  green  or  blackish :  lower 
leaves  distant,  oblong-obovate,  the  inner  tufted,  lingulate,  close, 
spreading,  twisted  or  complicate  when  dry ;  costa  vanishing 
below  the  cmarginate  apex  or  passing  a  little  beyond  it :  cap- 
sule short-pedicellato,  oblong-cylindrical,  brown ;  basilar  mem- 
brnne  of  the  peristome  one-third  its  length ;  teeth  long,  many 
times  twisted;  annulus  simple,  narrow.  —  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  1G4. 
Tortula  latifolia^  Ilartm. ;  Lindb.  Trichost.  243. 

HAn.  On  fence-posts  close  to  tlie  water  of  a  creek  near  San  Rafael, 
California  (Bolander);  on  trunks  of  Alnus  viridis,  Colorado  (E.  Hall). 

46.  B.  ruralis,  Iledw.  Dioecious :  plants  Avidely  tufted, 
whitish  green  above,  brown-ferruginous  below :  leaves  close  at 
the  a])ox,  more  distant  along  the  stem,  recurved-squarrose  from 
the  middle,  half-clasping  or  subsheathing  at  base,  large,  oblong, 
rounded  or  cmarginate  at  the  apex,  the  costa  passing  above  into 
a  long  flexuous  whitish  spinulose  awn  ;  inner  pericha3tial  leaves 
ovate,  costatc,  acute :  capsule  oblong,  subincurved,  on  a  long 
pedicel  reddish  at  base  and  yellowish  above ;  operculum  long, 
conical-acuminate  ;  peristome  very  long,  tubulose  nearly  to  the 
middl'^ ;  teeth  purple,  closely  twisted.  —  Fund.  Muse.  ii.  02; 
Bryol.  Eur.  t.  1G6.  Bryum  rvrale,  Linn.  Sp.  PI.  1116.  Tor- 
tula  ruralis^  Ehrh. ;  Lindb.  Trichost.  246. 

IlAB.  On  dry  rocks,  old  trunks,  sterile  ground,  etc.  Especially  com- 
mon on  the  Pacific  slope. 


Barbula.] 


BRYACE^. 


133 


■^ii^l 


B.  INTERMEDIA,  Brill.,  differing  from  tlie  last  chiefly  in  the  concave 
scarcely  carinate  leaves,  the  borders  reflexed  only  in  the  middle,  and 
tlio  hair-point  less  spinulose,  is  recorded  in  liau  &  Ilervey's  catalogne  on 
uncertain  anthority.  No  specimen  of  this  species  has  been  observed  iu 
North  America  so  far  as  we  know. 

47.  B.  papulosa,  MuoU.  Dioecious :  plants  in  irregular 
loosely  spreading  tut'ts,  green  when  moist,  dark  brown  when 
dry  :  loaves  erect-spreading,  the  lower  ovate,  the  upper  obovate- 
ppatulate,  fiddle-shaj)ed  (panduriform),  very  concave,  slightly 
acuminate  or  rounded  or  obcordate  at  the  apex,  papillose  on  the 
hack,  with  a  short  hair-point  prolongation  of  the  costa,  which 
bears  on  its  papillose  upper  surface  crowded  slightly  i)edieellate 
gcnnnte,  each  composed  of  2  to  5  clustered  roundish  green 
cells  :  fruit  unknown.  —  Syn.  i.  598.  Tortula  pajnlloscij  Wils. 
liryol.  Brit.  135,  t.  44  ;  Lindb.  Trichost.  '244. 

IIah,  Trunks  of  elm  trees,  Massachusetts  {J.  L.  Eussell);  Pennsyl- 
vania, New  Jersey  and  Delaware  (James)',  common  around  Philadelphia. 

48.  B.  Muelleri,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Very  similar  to  J?. 
ruralis,  differing  in  its  bisexual  inflorescence,  larger  and  more 
compact  tufts,  the  leaves  more  densely  crowded  on  the  stem, 
oi)en,  not  reflexed,  broadly  oblong-obtuse  or  rounded  to  a  slightly 
Pl»inulose  awn,  carinate  in  the  middle,  with  borders  more  or  less 
re  volute  in  the  lower  part,  the  costa  reddish  and  somewhat 
hirsute.  —  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  1G8.  Tortula  princejjs,  DeNot. ; 
Lindb.  Trichost.  247. 

IIab.  Common  on  decaj-ed  tnniks  in  California  (Bolander,  Kcllorjg, 
Watson);  Oregon  (JVevius,  E.  Hall);  Nevada  and  Western  Montana 
( Watson). 


4 


-r 


Tribe  IV.   GRDDllE^E. 

Plants  repeatedly  dichotomous  by  innovations.  Leaves 
opaque ;  areolation  hexagonal  or  linear-sinuous  in  the  lower 
part,  minutely  round-hexagonal,  punctiform  and  chlorophyllosc 
iu  the  upper.  Calyptra  mitriform,  partly  or  entirely  covering 
the  capsule,  rrrely  cuculliiorm,  smooth  or  furrowed,  often 
hairy.  Cajisule  erect,  generally  regular,  on  a  straight  or  arcuate 
pedicel.  Peristome  generally  perfect,  simple,  with  the  teeth 
short,  flat,  entire  or  diversely  lacerated  or  lacunose  or  divided 
into  filiform  secments. 


It,:  < 
ill 


■f 


:  Mil   ■!■ 


ii 


134 


BKYACEiE. 


[CinciJ(Zo<M«. 


45.  CINOLIDOTUS,  Bcauv. 
Aquatic,  floating  in  long  and  wide  greenish  black  tufts  at- 
tached by  basilar  radicles,  fasciculate,  rarely  dichotomous. 
Leaves  open,  thickisli,  composed  of  parenchymatous  cells,  very 
minute  and  chlorophyllose  toward  the  apex  ;  costa  stout,  pa])il- 
lose  on  the  back.  Flowers  dioecious,  the  female  terminal  on 
])rimary  branchc.:' ;  the  male  either  terminal  or  agglomerate  on 
short  secondary  branches,  becoming  lateral  or  terminal  by  age. 
Calyptra  conical,  cucullate,  solid.  Ca})sulc  immersed  or  emerg- 
ing, thick.  Teeth  of  the  peristome  cut  into  multiple  filiform 
divisions,  coherent  below,  free  above,  papillose,  reddish. 
Annulus  none.     Spores  large,  vcrruculose. 

1.  0.  fontinaloides,  Beauv.  Leaves  long,  lanceolate, 
somewhat  flexuous,  curved  when  dry,  mucronate  by  the  ex- 
current  costa  :  fruit  generally  abundant,  nearly  immersed  in  the 
pericha3tial  leaves :  capsule  ovate-oblong,  soft,  sulcate  when 
di-y  ;  teeth  large,  purple,  cleft  from  below  the  middle  into  two 
or  three  filiform  simple  lacinias  connected  toward  the  base  by 
cross-bars  or  trabeculate.  —  Prodr.  52 ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  277. 
Ti'ichostoynmn  fontinaloides^  Iledw.  Muse.  Frond,  iii.  36,  t.  14. 
Hah,  On  stones  in  the  bed  of  a  creek,  Ontario,  Canada  (3/acoun), 
sterile  specimens. 

46.  GRIMMIA,  Ehrh.  (PI.  2.) 
Plants  more  or  less  compactly  tufted  or  pulvinate,  rooting  at 
the  base  only.  Leaves  close,  open,  rarely  sccund,  lanceolate, 
often  piliferous  at  the  apex ;  borders  generally  entire,  rarely 
erose-denticulate  at  the  apex ;  surface  more  or  less  papillose. 
Peristome  (rarely  absent)  simple,  of  16  teeth,  transversely  arti- 
culate, lanceolate,  entire  or  more  generally  variously  split, 
pajullose,  purple,  hygroscopical.     Annulus  generally  present. 

Subgenus  I.    SCHISTIDIUM.     (PI.  2.) 
Arcolation  minutely  quadrate  or  punctiform  in  the  upper 
part  of  the  leaves,  the  surface  nearly  smooth  or  with  minute 
sparse  papillaj.     Flowers  monoecious.     Calyptra  small,  lobate, 


■\ 


!Ji- 


Grimnila.] 


BrvYACE.E. 


135 


covering  the  lid  only.  Ca})sule  immersed  or  on  a  short  straight 
pedicel.  Lid  broadly  convex,  cuspidate,  falling  off  with  the 
columella.     Teeth  lanceolate,  cribrose,  rarely  rudimentary. 

1.  G.  conferta,  Funck.  Leaves  oblong  or  ovate-lanceolate, 
acuminate,  ()pa(iue,  with  a  short  denticulate  hair-point ;  Vmrders 
slightly  inllated  above  on  the  right  side,  reilexed  toward  the 
])a.se :  cai)sule  ovate-globose;  lid  broadly  convex  at  base  with  a 
short  apioulate  beak;  teeth  lanceolate,  s])lit  and  cribrose;  "• 
annulus  none.  —  Moos-Tasch.  18,  t.  I'i;  Schimp.  Syn.  190. 
tSc/iistidlu)n  confertum,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  23'2; 
Sulliv.  Mosses  of  U.  States,  30.  Grimmia  a])oca)'p((,  var.  coii- 
fo'ta,  3Iuell.  Syn.  i.  777. 

Var.  obtusifolia,  Schimp.     Leaves  shorter  and  broader,      -t 
obtuse,  bright  green.  —  Syn.  200. 

Var.   compacta.     Stems   short,   compact;    tufts  slender,    ~f 
mostly  sim})le,  compressed. 

IlAr.,  On  rocks,  wo.t  or  dry,  plains  and  mountains;  var.  obtusifolia, 
in  shaded  places,  common;  var.  compacta,  Lake  Superior  (Macoun). 

Differs  from  G.  apocarpa,  especially  in  the  leaves  erect  and  blackish 
when  dry,  with  borders  less  recurved,  the  costa  stouter,  dilated,  promi- 
nent on  the  back,  and  more  channelled  above,  the  capsule  smaller, 
paler,  of  thinner  textxu-e  and  almost  pellucid,  the  beak  of  the  lid  bli  at 
and  slightly  shorter,  and  the  teeth  more  cribrose  and  somewhat  lacerate, 
oranc'C-colored,  fragile  and  fugacious. 

Cr.  srr.iNcruvA,  Aust.  (Conlt.  Bot.  Gaz.  iii.  31),  described  from  sterile 
ppeeimens,  is  said  to  differ  from  G.  conferta  in  the  leaves  mnticous,  not 
hyaline-apiculate,  the  margins  less  recurved  and  the  cells  of  the  areola- 
tion  much  smaller.  In  G.  conferta,  var.  obtusifolia,  the  leaves  are 
obtuse  and  not  liyaline-pointed>  and  in  all  the  forms  of  that  species 
the  margins  are  not  reflexed  or  only  sli<Thtly  so.  The  author  compares 
the  species  also  to  Zygodon  Mougeotii,  with  wh'ch  it  was  found,  and 
finally  remarks  that  the  species  is  chiefly  characterized  by  the  muticous 
snbincurved  apex  of  the  leaves,  and  that  in  the  upper  part  of  the  leaves 
the  cells  are  often  broader  than  long  and  slightly  obscure. 

2.  G-.  ambigua,  Sulliv.  Closely  resembles  G.  conferta^ 
from  which  it  differs  in  the  larger  perichostial  leaves  prolonged 
upward  into  a  long  scabrous  hyaline  liair-point,  the  oval-oblong 
capsule,  the  scarcely  perforated  teeth,  and  the  cuculliform 
calyptra.  —  Icon.  Muse.  i.  66,  t.  41.  Schistidium  ambiguum, 
Sulliv.  Mem.  Am.  Acad.  n.  s.  iv.  170,  and  Mosses  of  U.  States, 
86. 

IlAn.  Dry  rocks;  Santa  Fe,  New  Mexico  (Fendler)\  near  Easton, 
Pennsylvania  (James,  E.  Baur). 


i(i 


if 


im 


I 


f 


-t 


13G 


HIiYACE.E. 


[Grimmia. 


!';  f 


3.  G.  apoca~'pa,  IK'dw.  ^lore  robust  and  not  as  densely 
tufted  as  the  j)reeedinL!; :  leaves  open  from  an  ereet  base 
when  moist,  lanceolate  from  the  enlarged  concave  base,  earinate 
above,  recurved  on  the  borders,  often  hyaline-denticulate  at  the 
aj)ex  ;  costa  vanishing  below  the  apex  or  excurrent  into  a  rough 
pellucid  point:  caj)sule  ovate,  thick;  lid  purple  with  a  longer 
acuminate  beak;  peristome  dark  purple,  with  broader  nearly 
entire  scarcely  perforate  teeth;  annulus  none.  —  Muse.  Frond. 
i.  11!),  t.  39.  Jiri/n.ui  ((pocar/xttn,  Linn.  Sp.  PI.  1115.  Schii^ti- 
(Uu7n  (ijK)ca)'2n!v>,  Hruch  &  Schim}).  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  '233,  234 ; 
Sulliv.  3[osses  of  U,  States,  30. 

Var.  gracilis,  Nees  &  Ilornsch.  Stems  longer,  slender: 
leaves  sjireading  all  around  or  iiu'lined  to  one  side:  fruits 
lateral  by  prolongation  of  the  innovations. 

Var.  rivularis,  Xees  tt  Ilornsch.  Loosely  ccsi»itose,  fasci- 
culate-branching, blackisli  green  :  leaves  ovate-lanceolate,  blunt 
at  the  aj)ex :  capsule  turbinate  and  wide-mouthed  wlun  empty. 

IIais.  On  stone,  rooks,  ^vi^\h,  etc.,  rarely  on  wood;  the  first  variety  on 
dry  rocks  in  mountains;  the  second  conunon  on  rocks  in  streams. 

4.  G.  platyphylla,  3Iitt.  Leaves  incurved  and  imbricate, 
broadly  ovate,  blunt  at  the  apex  or  produced  into  a  short 
diaphanous  j)oint  by  the  percurrent  thick  costa,  revolute  on  the 
borders ;  pericluetial  leaves  broadly  oval,  oblong,  angular, 
obtuse  at  the  apex,  loosely  areolate,  Avith  long  delicate  meshes 
to  near  the  apex.  —  Journ.  Linn.  Soc.  viii.  20. 

IIau.     Davis  Utrsiits  (Tai/lor). 

This  species,  says  the  author,  is  in  appearance  like  G.  apocarpa,  var. 
stricia,  but  the  leaves  are  more  than  twice  as  wide  and  imbricated  both 
in  the  wet  and  dry  state,  the  perichuitial  with  very  lax  areolation  for  two- 
thirds  of  their  length. 

5.  G.  Agassizii.     Stems  short;  branches  fasciculate  at  the 

apex :  leaves  appressed  w^hen  dry,  erect  when  moist  and  shining, 

blackish,  linear-lanceolate  from  a  slightly  broader  base,  obtuse 

and  coarsely  sparingly  dentate  at  the  apex ;    costa  vanishing 

below  the  apex  ;  pericha>tial  leaves  longer  and  obtuse :  capsule 

oblong ;  beak  of  the  lid  short  and  obtuse ;  teeth  dark  red,  thick 

and   entire    below,   pale    and    cribrose    above.  —  ScJdstidiuni 

Agassizii^   Sulliv.  &  Lesq.  Muse.  Bor.-Am.   Exsiec.   n.  137 ; 

Sulliv.  Mosses  of  U.  States,  104. 

Had.  Rocks  washed  by  the  waves;  Lake  Superior  [L.  Agassiz,  184S). 
Closely  allied  to  G.  maritima,  from  which  it  differs  in  the  longer  uar- 


m 


Orivmia.] 


BRYACEiE. 


137 


rower  lincar-lancGolatc  leaves,  marked  at  the  obtuse  apex  by  a  few  largo 
toelli  and  more  iiiirrowly  oostato,  the  more  compact  areolrtioii,  the  short- 
beaked  obtuse  lid,  the  teeth  pale  red  and  cribrose  in  the  upper  part  only, 
etc. 

0.  G.  maritima,  Turn.  Densely  tufted,  dark  green  or 
blackisli :  leaves  elosely  imbrieate,  curved  and  more  or  less 
twisted  when  dry,  lanceolate-acuminate  or  mucronate,  and  cari- 
nate  by  a  thick  excurrent  costa ;  borders  nearly  flat :  capsule 
obovate,  truncate;  teeth  minutely  cribrose,  ferrujjjlnous.  —  Muse. 
Ilibern.  tivJ,  t.  3.  Schist idiutn  i/uiritimum,  Bruch  &  Schimp, 
13ryol.  Eur.  t.  235  ;  Sulliv.  Mosses  of  U.  States,  30. 

Uai}.    Sea  coast,  on  rocks  at  Nahant,  Massachusetts  {Lesqucrcux). 

SuBGKNus  II.    SCOULEIIIA. 

Plants  of  largo  fine  growth,  dichotomous.  Leaves  thick, 
chlorophylhjse.  Capsule  immersed,  globose,  on  short  lateral 
branches.  Operculum  fixed  and  persistent  upon  the  colmnella. 
Peristome  of  IG  teeth,  divided  into  32  short  broadlv  lanceolate- 
subulate  segments,  inflexed  when  moist,  erect  when  dry. 

7.  G.  Scouleri,  Muell.  Plants  dark  green  or  black  :  stem- 
leaves  imbricate,  open,  spreading  when  moist,  broadly  ovate, 
obtuse,  carinate,  flat  on  the  borders,  dentate  from  the  middle 
upward ;  costa  strong,  brown  ;  cells  round  or  hexagonal,  inflated 
or  thick-walled  above,  larger,  Rub(]uadrate  and  pellucid  at  base ; 
jiericluetial  leaves  similar :  caly})tra  glabrous :  capsule  large, 
globose-turgid,  thick,  dark  brown,  with  a  broad  orifice ;  lid 
small,  flat,  with  a  short  conical  apex.  —  Sj  i.  ii.  G54.  iScouleria 
iKjuatica,  Hook,  in  Drumm.  Muse.  Amer.  n.  03,  and  Bot.  Misc. 
ii.  33,  t.  18  ;  Schwaegr.  Suppl.  iv.,  t.  315. 

II AB.  On  rocks  in  running  water,  upon  tlie  Pacific  slope;  Portage 
River  {Sconler,  who  gave  specimens  to  Drummond);  on  granite  rocks  in 
Merced  River,  California  (Bolandcr);  Columbia  liiver  (LijaU);  near 
Portland,  Oregon  (Morris,  E.  Hall);  Spokan  Falls,  abundant  {Watson). 

A  beautiful  and  remarkable  species,  related  to  CincUdotiis  in  its  mode 
of  growth  and  the  exserted  columella,  and  to  Grimmia  in  the  areolation 
and  other  characters. 

Subgenus  III.    GASTEROGRIMMIA. 

Plants  in  short  compact  tufts.  Leaves  short.  Inflorescence 
monoecious.  Capsule  emergent  or  immersed,  borne  on  a  short 
arcuate  pedicel,  ovate,  ventricose  on  the  lower  side.    Lid  mamil- 


-tT^ 

^fl 

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lit 

: 

Hi 

liifr 


•  I 


138 


BUYACEiE. 


[Orimmia. 


111 


t 


M 


4 


late.    Poristomo  nono,  or  comj)OScd  of  sjilit  and  pcrfonited  teeth. 
Aniuiliis  distinct. 

!^.  G.  anodon,  IJnich  &  Schimp.  Plants  in  dcnso  slender 
wliitisli  liairy  tiilts:  lower  leaves  small,  loosely  imUricate,  ovate- 
laneeolate,  blunt  at  the  apex;  ni)i)er  and  perielnetial  leaves 
niueli  larger,  oblong-lanceolate,  concave,  piano  on  the  borders, 
j>assing  into  a  nioro  or  less  elongated  serrate  hairy  j»oint : 
capsule  ovate-globose,  ventricose,  thin-walled,  enlarged  at  the 
oi'ifice  when  enii)ty ;  lid  large,  plano-convex,  nnibonate; 
annulus  simple.  —  IJryol.  Eur.  t.  'JoG ;  Muell.  Syn.  i.  780. 

llAii.  LiiiK'stcme  rocks,  bast; of  tliu  East  Iluiubohll  Moiuitains,  Xt;vaila 
{Wtd.saii);  Murriston,  California,  and  Ogdon,  Utah  {LdplKtm);  C'ailon 
City,  Colorado  {nran<h'jct)\  St.  John,  New  Brunswick  (Junics). 

9.  G.  plagiopodia,  Iledw.  Plants  short,  loosely  adhering 
in  comiiact  grayish  green  tufts :  lower  leaves  imbricate,  oval- 
oblong,  obtuse,  the  ni)per  larger,  acuminate,  prolonged  into  a 
hair-point,  concave,  flat  on  tlvo  borders;  costa  vanishing  below 
the  ajiex  :  cajisule  oblong,  wide-mouthed  when  emj)ty ;  tee 
lacerate  and  liliform,  laciniato  above,  entire  from  the  mi(' 
downward,  spreading  open  when  dry,  dark  orange ;  annulus 
doid)le,  persistent.  —  Spec.  Muse.  76, 1. 15  ;  Bryol.  E>ir.  t.  'J.'JG. 

Var.  pilifera.  Stems  erect :  the  up])er  and  esj)eciaily  the 
perichietial  leaves  with  a  longer  hair-point;  perigonial  loaves 
longer,  the  inner  ones  ovate-acute,  the  outer  with  a  short  hair- 
j)oint. — G.  Brandef/eiy  Aust.,  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  vi.  4i3  C?). 

IIaii.  Tlie  variety  on  rocks  in  the  Rocky  Mountains,  Colorado  (E. 
Ildll,  lirandcjec)',  on  a  fossil  bone,  Missouri  {Cope);  Ontario,  Canada 
{Mucunn). 

Of  G.  Ih'awlegei,  Austin,  we  have  seen  only  a  sterile  plant,  asrcoing 
exactly  with  tliose  of  the  variety  described  above,  and  the  characters 
taken  from  the  fruit,  as  described,  are  exactly  those  of  G.  playiopodla. 

SuRGExus  IV.    GRIMMIA,  proper. 
Leaves  hair-jiointcd.      Calyptra  lobate-mitriform.     Capsule 
regular,  emergent  or  exserted  on  an  arcuate-pedicel.    Teeth 
cribrose  or  lacunose. 

*  Flowers  mojicecious. 

10.  G.  pulvinata,  Smith.  Plants  glaucous  green  or  gray, 
pulvinate  :  lower  leaves  lanceolate-acuminate,  the  upper  oblong- 
lanceolate,  narrowed  or  rounded  to  a  slightly  rough  hair-jjoint : 


i 


.  r' 


Grinuuin.] 


KUYACE.E. 


139 


capsule  n'v'iilarly  oval,  distinctly  striate,  costatn  when  dry, 
jK'iidciit  tVoiii  a  yellowish  curved  pedicel;  lid  convex  at  base, 
rostrate;  teeth  loii^,  densely  articulate  below,  slii;htly  per- 
forated and  irregularly  iJ-Ii-cleft  at  the  apex,  purple;  annulus 
large,  revolul)le.  — Engl.  Hot.  t.  IT'JS;  IJryol.  Kiir.  t.  'S.VX 

Var.  obtusa,  Muell.  Capsule  shorter,  jjedicellate,  ovate- 
globose;  lid  obtusely  luaniillate.  —  JJi'i/jjtodoH  oUnsun,  JJrid. 
iiryol.  Tniv.  i.  198. 

Hau.  On  rocks,  California  (liiAinvIfr,  Palmer)',  Arizona  (Ilif/rlnw); 
Nevada.  Utah,  Western  Montana,  and  Wasliini^ton  Territuiy  (  II '((/.sou). 
Tlio  variety  at  Fort  Colville  (Lijall),  and  Cache  Creek,  British  America 
(Macoun). 

*  #  Flowers  dimcioits. 

11.  G.  COntorta,  Hruch  &,  Schimp.  Plants  of  medium  size 
in  loose  soft  green  tufts,  becoming  black  toward  the  base : 
leaves  incurved-sjtreading,  crispate  when  dry,  lanceolate  toward 
the  base,  linear-subulate,  diaphanous  at  the  apex  or  with  a  very 
short  hair-point,  carintite-concave  aid  rectirved  on  the  borders 
at  base,  coinplicate-carinatc  above,  only  the  young  ones  green, 
the  others  blackish  brown  ;  cells  of  the  areolation  comj>aratively 
large,  (piadrate,  sinuous  toward  the  apex,  longer  and  hexagontd- 
rectangular  toward  the  base,  partly  ehloro])hyllose  and  partly 
diaj)hanous ;  pericha3tial  leaves  sheathing  at  base,  open  and 
subulate  above :  caj)sule  oval,  smooth,  soft,  small  comi)ared  to 
the  size  of  the  j)lants,  inclined  on  a  slightly  arcuate  i)edicel ; 
lid  convex-conical,  obtuse,  erose  at  the  base ;  teeth  bifid  to 
below  the  middle  or  lacunose,  reddish  brown  ;  annulus  large,  of 
a  triple  row  of  cells.  —  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  24H ;  Lescj.  Mem.  Cal. 
Acad.  i.  13.     Dicranum  contortniit^  Wahl.  Fl.  Carp.  1340,  t.  4. 

IIab.     Shade  of  the  Wig  Trees,  California  ( L'o/coi t/t-r);  sterile. 

The  ehararters  of  the  plants  and  leaves  ajjree  with  the  above  descrip- 
tion of  Schimper,  but  the  specimens  art;  sterile,  and  the  species  is,  there- 
fore, still  doubtful  for  this  continent. 

12.  G.  hamulosa,  Lesq.  l*lants  blackish,  in  irregular 
loose  tufts:  leaves  nnequally  imbricate,  snbfascicidate,  homo- 
mallous-falcate  when  dry,  subhomomallons,  erect  and  hook- 
shaped  when  moist,  narrowly  lanceolate-subulate ;  costa  stout, 
vanishing  below  the  apex ;  areolation  long-quadrate  or  equi- 
lateral at  base,  irregularly  quadrate  above;  pericha^tial  leaves 
longer  and  longer  acuminate-subulate :  capsule  oval,  smooth, 
thick,  brown,  emergent  and  inclined  on  a  somewhat  long  curved 


, 

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140 


BllYACE^. 


[Grimmia. 


pedicel;  teeth  sliort,  lacerate  or  perforate;  anniilus  none. — 
Mern.  Calif.  Acad.  i.  14. 

IlAn.     Gravelly  soil,  ^Mount  Dana,  at  10,000  feet  altitude  (Bolander). 

llescMubh^s  the  precciliug  species,  but  is  very  distinct  in  tlie  liainu'.oso 
lionionialloiis  leaves  witli  long  subulate  opaque  uuiticous  points,  in  the 
);i'g(>  capsule  on  a  longer  curved  pedicel,  tlie  absence  of  annulus,  etc. 

VI.  G.  torquata,  Grev.  Soft  and  fragile,  in  dense  con- 
vex liifls,  bright  green  above,  blackish  brown  below  and  radi- 
culose  at  base:  leaves  erect,  spreading,  spirally  curved  when 
dry,  oblong-lanceolate,  the  lower  blunt,  the  u|)per  witii  a  short 
nf*  hair-point,  canaliculate  by  a  slender  costa;  borders  plane;  cells 

of  the  ui)per  areolation  thick,  punctiforni,  those  of  the  lower 
part  long,  linear,  yellowish,  with  thick  greenish  walls.  Flowers 
and  fruit  unknown.  —  Scot.  Crypt.  Fl.  t.  199.  G.  toi'ta,  Nees 
ifc  Iloinsch.  IJryol.  Germ.  1.  179,  t.  24.  Zyyodon  torquatus^ 
Liebni. ;  jMuell.  Svn.  i.  C82. 

II  An.  Near  tlie  Highlands,  Rocky  Mountains  of  British  North  America 
{Driiiinixmd);  Vancouver  Island  (Macoiin). 

In  oni'  specimen  tlie  leaves  are  twisted  and  crispate  at  the  top  of  the 
ster.is,  nr.u'h  like  those  of  Zyyodon  Californicus,  whicli  tliey  also  resemble 
in  shape  and  color. 

14.  G.  Muhlenbeckii,  Sehimj  Tufts  greenish  white,  soft, 
more  or  less  compact;  stems  erect,  dichotomous,  or  branching 
by  innovations  from  near  the  apex :  leaves  densely  imbricate, 
spreading  and  tm'uing  upward  from  the  middle,  erect  when 
dry,  long-lanceolate,  concave  at  the  somewhat  eidarged  base, 
carinate  toward  the  apex,  })lane  on  the  borders ;  the  lower  with 
a  short,  the  upper  with  a  long  rough  hair-point :  ca])sule  small, 
emergent  upon  an  arcuate  pedicel,  inclined  or  pendent,  oval, 
smooth,  thin,  yellowish  brovvn ;  lid  convex  at  base,  obtusely 
a])iculato-rostellate ;  teeth  lanceolate,  mostly  entire,  sometimes 
bifid  or  perforate  at  the  apex,  reddish  brown;  annidus  sim])le, 
narrow.  —  Syn.  212.  G.  incurva,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Bryol. 
Eur.  t.  243,  not  Schwaegr. 

IlAB.     Mount  Dana,  California,  at  11,000  feet  altitude  {Bolander). 

15.  G.  Watsoni.  Plants  flexuous  or  erect,  loosely  cespi- 
tose,  dark  or  blackish  green  below,  pale  green  at  the  aj)ex : 
leaves  irregularly  imbricate,  0})en,  variously  curved,  flexuous 
when  dry,  abruptly  very  much  falcate-reflexed  when  mois- 
tened, narrowly  lanceolate  from  the  somewhat  enlarged  base, 
flat  on  the  borders  or  slightly  reflexed  near  the  base,  muticous 


Griiiania.] 


BRYACE.T]. 


141 


or  iii)icnlate  with  a  very  short  pclhicid  point  by  the  porcnrrent 
costa,  entire  or  sliglitly  crenuLite  at  the  apex:  capsule  ovate- 
obloncr,  very  obscurely  striate,  emeri^ent  on  a  somewhat  long 
arcuate  pedicel ;  teeth  lanceolate,  nearly  entire,  split  or  per- 
forated near  the  apex  only ;  columella  persisting  after  the 
(Ifliisci'uce  of  the  lid  as  a  subulate  point  longer  than  the  teeth, 
naked  or  filamentose  when  young ;  lid  and  calyjjtra  as  in  G. 
tricJiophylla ;  annulus  narrow,  of  a  simple  row  of  cells. — G. 
anclstrodes,  Lesq.  ]V[em.  Calif.  Acad.  i.  13. 

IlAiJ.  On  rocks,  Dardanellos  Cauon  (Bolander) ;  Aklerney,  Marin  Co., 
California  (  Watson). 

A  fino  species,  differing  from  G.  Callfornira  in  the  scarcely  hair- 
pointed  leaves,  the  oval-obl>ing  capsule  without  a  distinct  colltnn  and 
scarcely  plicate  when  dry,  the  persistent  columella,  and  the  narrow 
simple  annulus.  It  is  probably  the  moss  figured  by  Sullivant  in  Pacif.  H. 
licp.  iv.  t.  4,  figs,  l*  and  .T,  on  which  he  remarks  (page  187)  that  it  repre- 
sents a  variety  differing  from  the  typical  forms  of  G.  ('allfornica  in  the 
strong  abrupt  recurvalions  of  the  loaves.  The  characters  mentioned 
above  show  it  to  be  distinct  from  G.  Californica,  as  well  as  from  G.  anciS' 
trades,  to  which  it  has  been  referred. 

16.  G.  trichophylla,  Grev.  Plants  soft,  loosely  tufted, 
yellowish  green :  leaves  open,  flexuous,  slightly  crisi)ed  when 
dry,  the  lower  lanceolate,  shortly  awn-pointed,  the  upj)er  oblong 
at  base,  linear-lanceolate  upward  to  a  long  nearly  smooth 
diaphanous  point,  carinate-concave,  borders  recurved  toward 
the  base;  cells  of  the  areolation  transversa  1y  oval,  rectangular 
toward  tlie  apex,  linoar-sinuous  toward  the  base,  the  marginal 
quadrate;  jierichaitial  leaves  three,  broad-oblong,  sheathing  to 
the  middle,  abruptly  narrowed,  lanceolate-subulate :  ca])sule 
ellij)tical,  8-costate,  thhi,  yellowish  brown,  horizontal  or  declined 
upon  a  long  curved  j)edicel,  flexuous  and  nearly  erect  when 
dry ;  lid  Avitli  a  long  straight  beak  ;  teeth  long,  irregularly 
bifid  to  the  middle,  or  lanceolate-subulate  and  more  or  less  dis- 
tinctly split  along  the  divisural  line,  red,  connivent  in  a  cone 
when  dry ;  annulus  large,  com])ound,  falling  in  fragments.  — 
Scot.  (:ryi>t.  y\.  t.  100  ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  244. 

Var.  meridionalis,  Schimp.  Plants  longer,  more  densely 
tufted,  slender  :  leaves  shorter,  with  a  longer  hair-roirit :  caj)- 
b\\\ii  smaller,  subglobose,  less  distinctly  costate  ;  teeth  smaller. 
—  Svn.  '213.     G.  ancistrodes,  Mont. 

IIau.  On  erratic  blocks,  both  the  normal  form  and  the  variety,  Cali- 
fornia (lii'jeluio,  liolandcr,  Palmer,  B.  W.  James). 


-f 


142 


BRYACE^E. 


[Grimmia. 


17.  G.  Olneyi,  SulHv.  Vary  similar  to  G.  trichoj^hylla^ 
fliffcring  in  the  leaves  'anceolate  from  a  more  enlarged  ovato 
base,  more  rigid,  not  Hexuous,  with  a  more  compact  areulation, 
and  the  borders  flat  and  not  retlexed  toward  the  base,  the  cap- 
sule smooth,  not  furrowed  when  dry,  the  pedicel  shorter,  and 
the  lid  somewhat  shorter  beaked :  the  peristome,  the  calyptra, 
more  dcej)ly  split  on  one  side,  and  the  annulus  are  the  same  in 
both.  —  Mosses  of  TJ.  States  37,  and  Icon.  Muse.  67,  t.  42; 
Sulliv.  &  Lesq.  Muse.  Bor.-Am.  Exsicc.  n.  141. 

Had.    On  flat  dry  or  wet  rocks;  Eastern  States,  not  rare. 

18.  G.  Oalifornica,  Sulliv.  In  loose,  sometimes  wide 
tufts :  I'javes  open,  erect,  lanceolate,  carinate-concave,  reflexed 
on  the  borders  ;  costa  excurrent  into  a  short  hyaline  denticulate 
hair-point:  capsule  obovatc,  sub})yriforni  and  pendent  from  a 
short  arcuate  i)edicel ;  teeth  short,  irregularly  bifid  at  the  apex. 
—  Pacif.  K.  R  >p.  iv.  187,  t.  4,  excl.  var. 

II An.     On  rocks,  California;  common. 

The  lid,  calyptra  and  annulus,  and  the  general  facies  are  the  same  in 
this  species  as  in  the  two  preceding.  G.  trichophi/lla  has  the  stems 
longer,  less  crowded  and  more  slender,  the  leaves  flexuous,  the  capsule 
prominently  rihbed  when  dry,  and  longer  flexuous  pedicels,  while  G. 
Olneyi  has  the  leaves  canaliculate-concave,  not  recurved  on  the  borders, 
and  linear-lanceolate  from  an  ovate  base. 


,4,  Ji^ 


+ 


Subgenus  V.    GUEMBELIA. 

Plants  erect.  Leaves  open,  not  crispate  when  dry,  solid, 
generally  hair-i:)ointed,  flat  on  the  borders.  Calyptra  mitrate 
and  fivo-lobed,  or  oblique  and  more  highly  split  on  one  side, 
thus  a]ipea.-ing  half-cucullate,  half-mitrate,  or  distinctly  cucul- 
late.  Ca})sule  erect  on  a  straight  pedicel,  exserted  or  rarely 
immersed,  regular,  not  costate. 

*   Cah/ptra  lohate-mitrate. 
^-  Floirers  moncecious. 

19.  G.  D^^nniana,  Smith.  Plants  short,  small,  whitish 
green,  ])ulvinate  :  leaves  soft,  ])ale  green,  blackish  brown  when 
dry,  the  lower  small,  lanceolate-acuminate,  the  upper  much 
longer,  narrowly  lanceolate,  gradually  tapering  into  a  long 
nearly  smooth  diaphanous  hair-point ;  borders  slightly  thicker 
toward  the  apex  ;  perichoitial  leaves  longer,  with  the  hair-point 


Grimmia.] 


BRYACEiE. 


143 


as  long  as  the  lamina :  capsule  gvibexserterl,  small,  thin,  oval  or 
oblong,  yellowisii,  with  a  short  conical  obtuse  orange-colored 
lid  ;  teeth  nearly  entire,  or  slightly  perforated  toward  the  apex, 
rellexed  when  dry  ;  annulus  broad,  of  a  triple  row  of  cells,  per- 
sistent. —  Fl.  Brit,  iii.  1198;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  249.  G.  obtusa, 
SchAvacgr.  Supi)l.  i.  88,  t.  '25  ;  Muell.  Syn.  i.  796. 

Var.  curviseta.     Pedicel  longer,  llexuous. 

Had.  On  rocks,  Wliite  Mountains  [Oakes,  Jcuiics);  the  variety  at 
Monitor,  California  (Lapham) ;  Yakima  River,  Cascade  Mountains  (  Wat- 
son). 

20.  G.  OoloradensiS,  Austin.  Pulvinate-cespitulose  ;  the 
stems  1  cm.  lono-  or  less,  fastigiatelv  branching:  leaves  sub- 
erect,  lanceolate  or  sublingulate,  carinate,  muticous  or  the 
upi)er  hyaline-apiculate,  more  or  less  thickened  on  the  borders  ; 
areolation  very  minute,  dense,  somewhat  pellucid,  a  little  larger 
at  the  base ;  costa  slender,  vanishing  far  below  the  apex  ;  peri- 
cha)tial  leaves  erect,  broader,  loosely  areolate  at  base,  often 
subdenticulate  on  the  borders,  long-hyaline,  mucronate,  serrate, 
costate  to  below  the  apex :  capsule  on  a  very  short  straight  pedi- 
cel, globose,  with  a  broad  orifice ;  teeth  pale  red,  short,  broad, 
subcribrose  at  the  ai)ex,  spreading  open  wdien  dry,  incurved 
when  moist ;  lid  and  calyptra  not  seen.  —  Coult.  Bot.  Gaz.  ii. 
109. 

IlAB.    Colorado  (Branderjce). 

The  author  saj's  that  this  species  is  one  of  the  smallest  (  f  the  genus. 
The  absence  of  the  lid  and  calyptra  renders  the  relations  of  tliis  moss  un- 
certain. The  characters  of  the  leaves  and  areolation,  the  form  of  the 
capsule,  and  the  peristome  are  those  of  G.  Donniann,  var.  vhnvintu,  whose 
leaves  are  muticous  or  shortly  hyaline-apiculate;  but  the  p(Hlicid  is  lonj?. 

21.  G.  OVata,  Web.  &  Mohr.  ]\i  )rc  rolnist  than  the  last, 
pulvinate  or  subcespitose :  lower  leaves  much  smaller  than  the 
comal  ones,  ovate,  lanceolate-acute,  the  coma!  obloiig-concave 
aiul  reliexed  on  the  borders  in  tlie  lower  part,  narrow  ly  lanceo- 
late and  carinate  above,  tapering  to  a  somewhat  long  nearly 
smooth  hair-point;  pericha'tial  leaves  larger,  sheathing:  caj)- 
sule  distinctly  exserted,  oval  or  oblong-ovate,  of  thick  texture, 
light  l)rown  ;  lid  obliquely  and  obtusely  short-beaked;  teeth 
long,  split  to  the  middle  into  two  unequal  segments,  or  lacerate 
and  cribrose  in  the  u]>per  part,  purjtle,  spreading  when  dry; 
annulus  broad.  —  Itin.  tSuec.  l.'}2,  t.  ii,  fig.  4;  Schwaegr.  ISuppl. 
i.  85,  t.  24 ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  254. 


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•f 


144 


BRYACEyE. 


[Grimmia. 


Var.  afflnis,  r>rueli  &  Schiinp.  More  robust:  capsule 
largo,  witii  shorter  pedicel,  scarcely  exserted :  leaves  with  a 
longer  hair-point. 

IIab.  Top  of  Blount  Marcy,  New  York  (Lesquerenx)',  Western 
Nevada  ( ]yatson);  Twin  Lakes,  Colorado  ( ]Volf&  Ruthrock) ;  the  variety 
at  Sante  Fe,  New  Mexico  (Fendler),  and  in  the  liocky  Mountains  {E, 
Hall). 

•h-  ^-  Flowers  dioecious. 

22.  Gr.  Pennsylvanica,  Schwacgr.  Plants  robust,  rigid, 
tufted  or  more  or  less  widely  cespitose,  dark  green  :  stem-leaves 
lanceolate,  gradually  acuminate,  submuticous,  enlarged,  con- 
cave, and  reflexed  toward  the  base ;  perichaitial  leaves  longer, 
ta])ering  into  a  short  rough  hair-point :  capsule  nearly  im- 
mersed on  a  pedicel  not  half  its  length,  oblong-ovate,  smooth 
when  dry;  lid  conical-rostrate,  erect;  teeth  purple,  broadly 
lanceolate,  split  and  cribrose  above;  annulus  large.  —  Suppl. 
i.  1)1,  t.  25 ;  Sulliv.  Mosses  of  U.  States,  37,  and  Icon.  Muse. 
08,  t.  43  ;  Sulliv.  &  Lesq.  Muse.  Bor.-Am.  Exsicc.  n.  138. 

Hats.  On  rocks,  hills  and  mountains  of  the  central  and  southern  sec- 
tions; common. 

23.  G.  calyptrata,  Hook.  Plants  larger,  in  dense  loosely 
adhering  glaucous-green  whitish  tufts :  lower  leaves  gradually 
smaller,  lanceolate,  short,  with  a  short  pellucid  point,  the  comal 
and  perichiutial  much  longer,  lanceolate  from  an  oblong  slightly 
broader  base  and  tapering  into  a  rough  hair-point  reaching 
liighcr  than  the  top  of  the  capsule ;  borders  flat  or  slightly  re- 
curved :  calyi»tra  campanulate-mitriform,  irregularly  rugose, 
plicate,  o-G-lobate,  covering  the  capsule  nearly  to  its  base  :  cap- 
sule on  a  jK'dicel  equalling  it  in  length,  oblong-oval,  smooth 
when  dry,  slightly  constricted  tinder  the  broad  orifice ;  lid  coni- 
cal-rostrate ;  teeth  lanceolate,  very  cribrose  nearly  to  the  base; 
annulus  none.  —  Hook,  in  Drumm.  Muse.  Amer.  n.  GO  ;  Sulliv. 
&  Lesq.  i\[usc.  Bor.-Am.  Exsicc.  n.  139 ;  Sulliv.  Icon.  Muse, 
i.  GO,  t.  44.     GHemhelia  calyptrata^  Muell.  Syn.  i.  775. 

II All.  liocky  Mountains,  California,  New  Mexico,  etc. ;  not  rare  on  the 
western  slope. 

24.  G.  leucophSBa,  Grev.  Stems  ratlier  stout,  in  wide 
silver-gray  tufts :  lower  leaves  very  small,  ovate-lanceolate, 
acuminate,  without  hair-point,  the  upper  oblong-lanceolate,  con- 
cave at  the  lower  part,  prolonged  into  a  long  very  rough  hair- 
point,  decurrent,  plane  on  the  borders,  narrowly  costate ;  peri- 


Gri7nmia.] 


BIlYACEiE. 


Ho 


chaetial  leaves  half-sheath  in  g,  erect :  capsule  included,  elliptical 
or  broadly  oblong,  contracted  at  the  mouth,  smooth  when  dry, 
brown  ;  lid  conical  at  base,  short,  obtusely  beaked  ;  teeth  2-3- 
cleft  to  the  middle  or  cribrose  below,  purj)le,  si)readin<^  when 
dry;  annulus  large.  —  Wern.  Trans,  iv.  87,  t.  6,  and  Scot. 
Crypt.  VI  i.  284 ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  257. 

II All.     On  flat  dry  sandstone  rocks,  in  large  patches;  common  in  the 
southern  and  middle  sections,  and  in  California. 

*  *  Cahjptra  cucullate:  Jioicers  dioecious. 

25.  Gr.  commutata,  Ilueben.  Tufts  loose,  blackish  green  ; 
stems  slender,  long,  decumbent  and  naked  below  when  old : 
lower  leaves  very  small,  lanceolate,  loosely  imbricate,  the  upper 
abruptly  much  longer  and  tufted,  open,  curving  up  from  the 
middle,  concave  at  base,  nearly  tubulose  above,  with  a  short 
nearly  smooth  hair ;  perichjetial  leaves  broader,  i)ale,  the  inner 
broadly  sheathing,  linear-lanceolate  above,  witli  a  longer 
pellucid  hair :  calyptra  descending  to  the  middle :  caj)S'.ile  in- 
cluded, bro.adly  oval,  thick ;  lid  acuminate  from  tlie  conical 
base,  or  short-beaked,  acute  ;  teeth  2-3-cleft  to  below  the  middle, 
or  nearly  entire  and  lacunose,  purple,  spreading  when  dry ; 
annulus  very  broad,  dehiscent. — Muscol.  Germ.  185;  Bryol. 
Eur.  t.  256.  Dryptodon  ovatus^  Brid.  Bryol.  Univ.  i.  202. 
Guembelia  ovcdis,  Muell.  Syn.  i.  774. 

IIar.  California  (lilgelow),  and  Monterey  (  Watson) ;  Chippewa  Falls, 
Wiscon:in  (Lapham). 

26.  G.  montana,  Bruch  &  Schimp  In  short  compact 
tufts,  similar  in  aspect  to  G.  ovata  ;  tufts  smaller  :  leaves  ovate- 
oblong  at  base,  lanceolate  above  and  passing  into  a  pellucid 
hair  variable  in  length,  very  concave,  ])lane  or  erect  on  the 
borders:  capsule  oblong,  brown,  thin,  subexserted  upon  a  short 
straight  or  slightly  flexuous  pedicel ;  lid  short-beaked  ;  teeth 
short,  irregularly  split,  cribrose  above,  s))rcading-recurved  when 
<lry;  annulus  none.  —  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  250.  Guembelia  inontana^ 
Ilampe,  Bot.  Zeit.  iv.  125. 

Var.  brachyodon.  Tufts  smaller:  leaves  with  a  shorter 
hair-point :  lid  shorter,  broadly  conical,  mamillate  or  with  a 
short  obtuse  beak.  —  G.  brachyodon^  Austin,  Bull.  Torr.  Club, 
vi.  45. 

Var.  truncata.  Capsule  ovate-globose  ;  lid  short-conical ; 
teeth  truncate.  —  G.  Jamesiij  Austin,  1.  c.  43  ;  Watson,  Bot. 


IMIi:^ 


f 


ii 

w 

, 

•f 

\ 

m.k 

i 

if 

him 


\\m 


i 


146 


BIITACE^. 


[Grimmia. 


k 


Calif,  ii.  378.  G.  orbicularis^  James,  Bot.  King  Exp.  40.^  ;  not 
IJnu'h  it  Schimp. 

llAii.  On  scliistose  rooks  and  granite  boiildors,  Mission  Dolores,  Cali- 
fornia {liolandcr,  Brewer,  Lapham);  in  Nevada,  in  the  IJittorroot  Moun- 
tains of  Western  Montana  and  Idaho,  rnd  on  Kettle  liiver,  British  America 
(  WnfHon). 

Tlie  arcolation,  texture  and  conformation  of  the  leaves  in  both  the 
varieties  are  the  same  as  in  tlie  normal  form;  the  tufts  only  are  smaller 
and  til",  hair-points  generally  shorter.  But  .Sehimper  remarks  (Syn.  Lid  e  ".. . 
2<)4)  tliat  he  has  received  specimens  from  Norway  with  smaller  tufts  and 
the  leaves  shortly  hair-pointed.  Austin  describes  the  ralyptra  of  (,', 
Jamcsii  as  cucuUate-campanulate,  slightly  xmequally  lobate  at  base.  It  is 
indeed  large  and  cucullate,  but  merely  undulate  not  distinctly  lobate  at 
base,  or  the  same  as  in  G.  montana.  The  teeth  are  generally  truncate  by 
maceration  in  var.  hrachyodon;  but  in  well-preserved  specimens  they 
have  exactly  the  characters  of  the  European  form.  T'.^  greater  and  only 
marked  dilTerence  is  in  the  shorter  lid,  but  this  is  not  a  constant  char- 
acter, as  in  some  of  the  well-preserved  American  specimens  the  lid  is 
obtusely  rostrate  and  only  slightly  shorter,  as  it  is  shown  in  Bruch  & 
Schimper's  figures  of  the  species. 

27.  G.  alpestris,  Sclileich.  plants  in  compact  glaucous 
green  tufts :  leaves  gradually  larger  from  the  base  of  the  stem 
upward,  lanceolate  from  an  oblong  base  to  a  nearly  smooth  ]u]- 
lucid  hair-point,  concave  and  canaliculate  ;  borders  ]>lane ;  outer 
pericluetial  leaves  broad,  the  inner  shorter  and  narrow  :  cnly]i- 
tra  large :  capsule  oblong-cylindrical,  emergent  on  a  short 
straight  pedicel  ;  lid  convex,  conical-obtuse ;  teeth  nearly 
entire,  somewhat  lacunose  toward  the  apex  ;  annulus  compound, 
persistent.  —  Nees  &  Ilornsch.  Bryol.  Germ.  ii.  139,  t.  21; 
Bryol.  ICur.  t.  251.  GuemheUa  alpestris^  Ilampe,  1.  c. ;  Muell. 
Syn.  i.  772. 

Hab.  On  rocks  at  Fort  Colville  and  Pend  d'Oreille  Lake  {Lyall)\ 
Utah  (Watson). 

Mitten  remarks  (Journ.  Linn.  Sec.  viii.  20)  that  all  Lyall's  specimens 
are  very  dark  green,  but  otherwise  the  same  as  the  European  form. 

*  *  *   Cahjptra  cncidlate-lohate :  dioecious. 

28.  G.  unicolor,  Grev.  Plants  widely  cespitose,  dark 
green  or  black ;  stems  slender,  naked  and  decumbent  below : 
leaves  erect-spreading,  imbricate  when  dry,  linear-lanceolate 
from  an  ovate  base,  blunt  or  obtuse  or  thicker  at  the  apex : 
calyj)tra  long-rostrate,  mitriform-cucullate  :  capsule  erect,  oval- 
oblong,  emergent  on  a  thick  somewhat  long  pedieol  ;  lid  long- 
beaked,  straight  or  curved ;  teeth  orange,  very  closely  articu- 


Racotnilrlum.] 


liRYACE^. 


147 


"^ 

ll 

p 

1 

late,  louj^-laccriite  or  split  to  below  the  ir'ddle,  erect  when  <lry ; 
niiiiulus  very  broad,  of  a  tri2)le  row  of  cells.  —  Scot.  Crypt.  Fl. 
t.  V2H  ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  t>GO. 

!Ia».  Kooky  Mountains  {Drumjnnnd);  T^oar  River  Oap,  White  Moun- 
tains (Jiuncs);  Nipogon  lliver,  Lake  Superior  (^1.  Smith);  Thundor  Bay 
(Macoun). 

47.  RACOMITRIUM,  Brid.  (PI.  2.) 
Plar;tR  generally  of  large  size,  widely  and  loosely  cespitose, 
scarcely  radiculose,  branching  by  dichotomoas  innovations, 
simple  and  fastigiate  or  fasciculate  by  lateral  more  or  less  un- 
equal branchlets.  Leaves  close,  nearly  ecpial,  not  tufted  at  the 
top  of  the  stems,  long-lanceolate,  muticous  or  piliferous,  canalic- 
ulate-concave, recurved  on  the  borders ;  cells  close,  minutely 
quadrate  in  the  upper  part  of  the  leaves,  sinuous,  linear 
and  long  in  the  lower  part.  Flowers  dicecious.  Fruit  acro- 
genous  or  from  secondary  short  branchlets.  Calyptra  conical 
at  base  and  mitriform-subulate.  Capsule  oblong-cylindrical, 
narrowed  at  the  orifice,  mostly  erect.  Lid  narrow,  subulate. 
Teeth  of  the  peristome  long,  irregularly  2-3-cleft  to  below  the 
middle  or  divided  into  two  filiform  nodose  nearly  equal  seg- 
ments, erect,  rarely  spreading  when  dry.  Annulus  compound, 
revoluble. 

Subgenus  I.     (  AMPYLODRYPTODON. 

Plants  regul  .rly  :lichot  »mous,  prostrate.  Cells  minute  and 
rounded  above,  linear  tov.'ard  the  base  :  costa  narrowly  two- 
winged  above  on  the  back.  Pedicel  arcuate.  Teeth  long,  bifid 
to  near  the  base. 

1.  R.  patens,  Hueben.  Plants  olive-green,  fragile,  in  wide 
loose  flat  tufts :  leaves  open,  long-lanceolate,  muticous  ;  costa 
Bubpercurrent :  capsule  inclined  or  pendent,  emergent,  oval, 
yellowish  brown,  red  at  the  orifice ;  lid  straight  or  obliquely 
rostrate ;  teeth  purple,  papillose ;  membrane  orange ;  armulus 
very  broad.  —  Muse.  Germ.  199;  P  himp.  Syn.  226.  Bryum 
pate?is,  Dicks.  Fasc.  Crypt,  ii.  6,  t.  4.  Trichostomum  patens^ 
Schwaegr.  Suppl.  i.  151,  t.  37.     Dryptodon  patens^  Brid.  Bryol. 


iiti 


■  •  ■    "■ 

1*1  ■ 

"  ^*  ■' 

Mm.' 

a  : 

B|s 

.  >  ■ 

^^V  ' 

^Hp.-^ 

f 

^^  ' 

I 

/I* 

K 

i 

148 


BllYACE^. 


[Racomitrium. 


$kl 


mt 


Univ.  i.  192.     Grimmia  patens^  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Bryol.  Eur. 
t.  24G. 

Hah.  Between  Fort  Colvillo  and  the  Rocky  Mountains  (Lrummond^ 
Lyall);  on  rocks,  White  Mountains  (James). 

Subgenus  II.     DRYPTODON. 

Plants  fastigiately  branching ;  innovations  simple.  Cells 
quadrate  or  oval  above,  generally  erose,  very  narrowly  linear 
and  sinuous  at  the  base. 

2.  R.  aciculare,  Brid.  Loosely  and  irregularly  cespitoso, 
bright  >r  dark  green,  rigid,  naked  below :  leaves  more  or  less 
turned  to  one  side,  oblong  at  base,  lanceolate,  obtuse,  entire,  or 
the  upper  marked  at  the  apex  by  a  few  small  distant  hyaline 
teeth  :  cai)sule  oblong-cylindrical,  brown,  erect ;  lid  long,  nar- 
rowly subulate  or  acicular-beaked ;  teeth  cleft  to  below  the 
middle.  —  Bryol.  Univ.  i.  219;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  262.  Jirt/iim 
aciculare,  Linn.  Sp.  PI.  1118.  Grimmia  acicularisy  Muell. 
Syn.  i.  801. 

Hab.    Wet  rocks,  waterfalls  in  mountains;  not  rare. 

3.  R.  depressum,  Lesq.  Plants  yellowish  brown,  in  wide 
loosely  comjiressed  tufts  ;  stems  very  long,  scarcely  branching  : 
leaves  loosely  imbricate,  appressed  when  dry,  open  and  homo- 
mallous  when  moist,  broadly  ovate,  dilated  and  semi-auricled  at 
the  decurrent  base,  lanceolate  above,  obtuse,  entire  or  slightly 
distantly  denticulate  at  the  apex ;  costa  flat ;  cells  of  the  auri- 
cles quadrate  or  broadly  equilateral,  more  or  less  granulose,  the 
basilar  linear  and  continuous,  the  upper  broadly  ovate  :  capsule 
subcylindrical,  not  narrowed  at  the  orifice,  immersed  on  a  short 
pedicel  scarcely  half  as  long  as  the  lateral  fruit-bearing  innova- 
tions ;  teeth  rarely  bifid,  mostly  tripartite  with  unequal  free  or 
cohering  smooth  segments.  —  Mem.  Calif.  Acad.  i.  14. 

Had.    Falls  of  the  Yosemite  {Bolander). 

The  species  resembles  in  size  and  color  R.  protensnm,  var.  cataracta- 
rum,  but  differs  in  the  broader  and  larger  leaves  inclined  to  one  side, 
more  obtuse  and  generally  denticidate,  as  in  R.  aciculare,  the  thin  base 
somewhat  enlarged  into  a  narrow  auricle,  whose  reticulation  is  broad- 
quadrate  like  that  of  a  Dicranum.  The  wide-mouthed  capsule  is  nearly 
exactly  cylindrical,  sometimes  slightly  curved;  the  teeth  are  more  irregu- 
larly divided  than  in  J?,  protensum,  and  the  articulations  more  distinct. 

4.  R,  Nevii,  Watson.  Related  to  Jl.  aciculare  in  the  color 
of  the  plants  and  form  of  the  loaves,  but  differing  essentially 


Uacomitrivm.] 


BRYACE.E. 


149 


ill  the  short  podieol,  and  the  quadrate  areolation  of  the  uj)i)er 
part  of  the  leaves;  on  the  other  hand,  in  the  short  pedicel  of  the 
narrowly  oval  or  subcylin<lrieal  capsule  this  species  resenihles 
the  last,  from  which  it  differs  in  tlie  form  of  the  leaves,  tlie 
color  of  the  jdants,  the  more  regular  division  of  the  teeth  of  the 
peristome,  etc.  A  distinct  very  fine  intermediate  form.  —  I?ot. 
Calif,  ii.  381.  Grimhiia  Xecii^  ^luell.,  Kegensb.  Flora  (1873), 
hi.  483,  and  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  v.  G. 
II AU.     Portland,  Oregon  (A*.  D.  Ncvias,  1873). 


Srn.iExus  HI.     IIACOMITHIUM,  proper. 

Plants  nodose  by  short  numerous  lateral  fasciculate  branches. 
Male  flowers  lateral.  Fruit  acroujenous  or  sublateral.  Teeth 
generally  divided  into  two  long  liliform  segments. 

5.  R.  Sudeticum,  Bruch  &  S^^himp.  Plants  loosely  cespi- 
tose,  dirty  green,  slender,  naked  below :  leaves  spreading, 
divaricate,  erect  when  dry,  long-lanceolate,  gradually  acuminate 
to  a  short  pellucid  denticulate  apex :  calyptra  nearly  smooth  at 
the  apex:  cajjsule  on  a  short  pedicel,  very  small  in  comparison 
to  the  size  of  the  plants,  elliptical  or  obovate ;  lid  conical-ros- 
trate, shorter  than  the  capsule  ;  teeth  j)urple  ;  annulus  largo, 
rcvoluble.  —  Brvol.  Eur.  t.  2G4.  Trkhostonuon  tSwfeticum, 
Funck,  Stirp.  Crypt.  R.  inicrocaipoiiy  Iledw.  and  Brid.,  and 
Griinniia  microcarpa,  Muell.,  in  part. 

IlAn.  On  exposed  rocks;  Kooky  Mountains  (Drummoud);  Spokan 
Falls  (Watson);  Alleghany  Mountains  (SulUvant);  Fainnount  Park, 
Philadelphia  (James);  Stoney  Creek,  Pennsylvania  (E.  A.  liau);  Cats- 
kill  and  White  Mountains,  etc. ;  not  common. 

Easily  confounded  with  Ii.  patens,  hut  distinguished  hy  its  more  slen- 
der stems,  the  upper  leaves  with  diaphanous  denticulate  points,  and  the 
capsule  half  as  large,  on  a  short  st.aight  or  slightly  inclined  pedicel. 

0.  R.  heterostichuir  B?  id.  Tufts  more  or  less  extensive 
and  irregular,  grayish  green ;  plants  long,  dichotomous,  erect  or 
j)rostrate ;  branches  somewhat  fasciculate  :  leaves  open  or  fal- 
cate-secund,  long-lanceolate,  subulate  to\a  pellucid  remotely 
dentate  point,  variable  in  length,  more  or  less  plicate  :  caly]»tra 
papillose  at  the  apex  only:  capsule  elliptical  or  obovate,  thin, 
slightly  constricted  under  the  orifice  when  empty,  yellowish 
brown  ;  lid  erect  or  curved,  subulate,  half  the  length  of  the  cap- 
sule ;  teeth  variable  in  length  ;  annulus  large,  yellow.  —  Muse. 


Y- 


t 


150 


BllYAC'l'LK, 


[liacoinitriuin. 


i 


-^ 


-f 


-f 


Rueeut.  Suj)}»l.  iv.  79 ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  2G5.  Trichostotnwn  htter- 
ostk/ium,  IIc.mIw.  Muse.  Froud.  ii.  70,  t.  25. 

IIau.  On  rocks,  liucky  Mouiituius  (E.  llaU)\  Oregon  (iVcttu.s); 
Alaska  (I\i'll<«j(/)',  Fori  C'olvilh;  {Li/dll), 

Plants  variable  in  the  length  and  Ihiekness  of  the  stems,  sometimes 
long  and  very  slender,  in  the  leaves,  which  are  either  without  or  with  a 
very  short  i)elliicid  point,  and  in  the  capsule,  which  is  sometinujs  very 
small  anil  pediccdlale. 

7.  R.  fasciculare,  \*r'u\.  1.  c.  Stems  lonij,  prostrate,  dirty 
green  or  brownish  ;  ln-auehes  nodose,  with  laseiculate  short 
braiiehlets  :  leaves  spreadiui^,  incurved  or  reeurvod,  narrowly 
laneeolate,  linear  i'njui  an  ovate  base,  niuticous  at  the  aj)ex: 
calyjttra  paj)illose  to  near  the  l>ase  :  capsule  oval  or  obloiit;-, 
solid,  on  a  thick  ])edicel;  lid  subulate-acute,  shorter  than  the 
capsule,  creuulate  at  base  ;  teeth  nearly  regularly  split  their 
whole  lent;lh  into  two  filiform  nod(>.;e  scLi^ments  ;  amiulus  lai'uc 
—  JJryol.  Eur.  t.  207.  Trkhofitoinnnifusclcnlare^  Schrad.  ,Sj)i(il. 
Fl.  Germ.  Gl  ;  Schwaeo;r.  Suppl.  i.  105,  t.  88. 

IIau.  On  rocks,  Alleghany  Alonntains  (Snlllvaid)',  foot  of  Mount 
Marcy,  New  York;  White  Momilains;  Alaska,  etc. 

8.  R.  varium.  Very  similar  to  the  last,  but  differing  in 
its  larger  size,  the  leaves  ovate-lanceolate,  oljtuse  or  the  upi)er 
with  a  short  entire  hair-j)oint,  the  eosta  percurrent,  basilar  cells 
of  the  borders  few,  oblong-reetangular,  the  lower  long,  con- 
fluent, erenulate,  the  medial  oblong  with  transvei-se  walls  more 
distinct,  the  upper  round-quadrate  ;  perichtetial  leaves  siiort, 
broadly  ovate,  convolute  :  capsule  long-pedicellate,  shining,  the 
subulate  lid  nearly  as  long ;  teeth  very  long,  narrow.  —  (irlm- 
mia  {Rhacomitriimi)  I'aria^  ]Mitten,  Journ.  Linn.  See.  viii.  21. 

IIau.     l?ritish  Cohunbia  (Li/all,  DoHylaa);  Observatory  Inlet. 

The  author  remarks  that  the  leaves  are  intermediate  between  those  of 
R.  fasciculdre  and  Ji.  canesrens,  wanting,  however,  the  loosely  areohito 
auricles  at  the  base  of  the  latter,  and  that  the  moss  needs  further  observa- 
tion, but  can  scarcely  be  co  usidered  as  a  form  of  R.  fasciculare. 

0.  R.  microcarpum,  Brid.  I.e.  Plants  smaller  than  in  the 
last,  ramulose-nodose  :  leaves  crowded,  spreading  and  diversely 
curved  or  falcate-seound,  more  enlarged  at  base,  lanceolate 
to  a  short  diaphanous  serrulate  point ;  cells  of  the  Avhole 
lamina  linear,  nodulose:  capsule  small,  eylindrlcal-ellijitieal 
or  somewhat  club-shaped,  thin,  soft,  yellowish  brown  ;  lid  short- 
beaked  ;  annulus  large,  revoluble.  —  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  208.  Tricho' 
stomum  microcarpum,  Funck,  1.  c. 


r'""v:)ff -yi  V, 


liucoinitrlum.] 


BRYACEiE. 


lol 


ITaii.  Moist  rocks  in  mountains;  Allr^hany  Mouiiliiins  (Snllivdnt); 
White  Mouiilaiiis  (James);  (.)rt'gun  (Hull)]  t'(»Mir  d'Alono  Lakf,  liluUo 
(  WatHon). 

10.  R.  lanuginOSUm,  l>ri«l.  Tufts  very  wi<k',  thick,  i»ray- 
ish  white;  jdaiits  loii;^  aiui  sU'IkKt,  (licijotoinous  nml  rainulosc; 
lateral  hrauehes  mmierous  :  leaves  very  close,  lonix,  n|(eii,  erect 
or  i('iMirve<l  and  fak'ate-seciiiid  at  the  aju'v,  narrowly  cost  ate, 
narrowlv  lanceolate,  Ijonleird  from  the  middle  uiiward  l»v  a 
pellucid  ciliate-dentate  jiajiillose  meiuhrane,  liradually  passinij 
into  a  iielhicid  more  or  less  deeply  ciliate-dentate  p(»int  ;  cells  of 
the  mari^in  very  small,  ])unctiform,  those  of  the  lamina  linear, 
deeply  crcnulate  :  calyptra  rou^h  at  the  apex  only:  capsule 
ohlong-ovate,  solid,  with  a  short  roui^h  jtedicel ;  teeth  lonj^, 
rei^ndai'ly  hilid  ;  annnlus  very  broad.  —  .Muse.  Kecent.  Sn|)pl. 
iv.  79;  IJryol.  Eur.  t.  2(il).  T'rldiostomani  lunxijiiioi^inn,  Iledw. 
Muse.  Frond,  iii.  .'5,  t.  '1.  T.  Canadmse^  Michx.  Fl.  J*or.-Am. 
ii.  'JUG  ? 

II AB.     On  granite  rocks  in  mountains;  coinnion. 

11.  R.  Canescens,  J>rid.  1.  c.  riants  in  loose  wide  flat 
yellowish  tijreen  or  whitish  tufts;  stems  erect,  dichotomous  ; 
lat>.  al  branchlets  short:  leaves  si)read in lt,  curved  uj)  or  down, 
often  turned  to  one  side,  oblong  at  base,  deeply  carinale,  ^ith 
borders  reflexed  from  the  base  to  the  apex,  lanceolate  to  a 
pellucid  crenulate  i)oint  or  blunt  at  the  apex,  paj)illose  over  tlu^ 
whole  surface:  cnlyptra  with  a  \uu<f  subulate  ])oint,  rouuh  at 
the  apex  only:  ca])sule  conical,  narrow  at  the  oritice,  ani:;ular 
when  dry,  coriaceous,  on  a  Iotil;-  |iurjtle  pedicel,  which  is  flattened 
and  twisted  to  the  left  when  dry  ;  lid  acuti;  or  needU'-sha|)ed, 
as  lonjjj  as  the  caj»sule,  erect  or  obli(pie  ;  antiulus  and  peristome 
as  in  the  last  species.  —  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  'JTO,  271.  Tricliostomuhi, 
canescens^  Iledw.  Mu^c.  Frond,  iii.  o,  t.  .'5. 

Var.  ericoides,  Bruch  ct  Schimp.  Lateral  branches  short, 
obtuse,  very  numerous,  airi^ren^atcd,  nodose :  })ellucid  point  of 
the  leaves  short.  —  It.  ericoides,  Brid.  1.  c.  78. 

Var.  lutescens.  Leaves  lonijer,  yellowish,  pellucid,  the 
surface  mostly  smooth  or  indistinctly  papillose  ;  borders  of  the 
hyaline  point  denticulate  (not  rugose-papillose)  :  capsule  scarce- 
ly plicate,  not  angular  M'hen  dry. 

II AB.  On  rocks  in  mountain  districts;  the  first  variety  on  rocks  in 
arid  places.  Sitka  {liisc/ioff),  and  Oregon  [Hall);  the  second  on  shaded 
rocks,  California  {Bolander}. 


-/- 


im 


152 


BRYACILE. 


[Ili'dwi'jia, 


48.  HEDWIGIA,  Kli.li.    (PI.  ±) 

Sterns  (Ik-liotoinous  and  fastii^iatt'-r.itnosc,  railiculoso  at  base. 
Leaves  8-i-anke(l,  |»a|iill(»He  eH|tecially  on  the  baek  ;  eells  of  the 
areolation  all  in  di.stinct  series,  very  small,  quadrate  or  rect- 
anjjjular,  more  elongated  and  sublinear  in  the  middle  of  the 
himina  toward  the  base  only.  Flowers  gemmiform,  mon<eeious, 
Calyptra  eonieal-mitrate,  entire,  covering  the  lid  only,  fugacious. 
Capsule  globose,  immersed  in  the  periehajtium.  Lid  broadly 
convex. 

L  H.  ciliata,  Ehrh.  Loosely  ccspitose,  pale  green:  leaves 
S)>reading  all  around,  curved  up  at  the  apex,  or  tin-ned  to  one 
side,  densely  iml)rieate  when  dry,  concave,  oblong-lanceolate, 
narrowed  to  a  short  apex  rendered  pellucid  by  the  absence  of 
chlorophyll,  crenulate  on  the  borders,  subdecurrent  and  yel- 
lowish at  the  point  of  insertion  ;  ])erichootial  leaves  diaphanous, 
longer-acuminate,  flexuous,  eiliate  on  the  borders :  <-alyptra 
smootli  or  with  a  few  hairs:  capsule  globose,  light  brown,  n-d 
at  the  orifice;  collum  short,  inflated ;  lid  ])lano-ct)nvex  with  or 
without  mamilla.  —  Ilann.  Magaz.  1781,  109;  Iledw.  ]Musc. 
Frond,  i.  109,  t.  40;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  '272,  273.  JJryum  clliatam^ 
Dicks.  Crypt.  Fasc.  iv.  G.  Pilotrichum  ciliatiwi,  ]Muell.  Syn. 
ii.  1G4. 

Var.  leuCOphSBa,  Scliimp.  IVIore  robust  and  more  densely 
falcate :  leaves  broader,  without  chloroi)hyll,  i)ellucid  two-thirds 
of  their  length. 

Var.  secunda,  Schimp.  Stems  slender,  long,  ]irostrate : 
leaves  less  crowded,  secund,  with  a  short  pellucid  i)oint. 

Var.  viridis,  Schimp.  Leaves  bright  green  to  the  a})cx  or 
nearly  so. 

Var.  striata,  Schimp.  Leaves  plicate,  rcflexed  on  the 
borders,  vellowish  green  :  lid  convex-conical. 

IlAii.  On  rocks;  very  common,  and  variable  according  to  the  localities. 
Var.  viridis  is  not  rare  on  the  perpendicular  face  of  large  boulders  of 
sandstone  or  granite  in  shaded  or  humid  places. 

49.  BRAUNIA,  Bruch  &  Schimp. 

Plants  widely  cespitose,  diffusely  branching,  stolonifcrous. 
Leaves,  areolation,  and  inflorescence  as  in  Hedwigia.     Calyptra 


llruuiila.] 


DIlYACKvK. 


153 


large,  ciiouUato,  descending  to  the  middle  or  to  the  base  of  the 
faj»8ule,  loiig-bcaked,  smooth,  fuscous.  Capsule  long-pcilleellate, 
narrowly  eiliptieal,  regular,  suhineurved,  with  a  short  oheonical 
dillluent  eollum,  rarely  suhglobose,  with  u  narrow  orilice,  wide- 
mouthed  when  deo|iereulale. 

SuKGENus  I.  PSEUDOnPtAUNIA. 

Leaves  diajihanous  at  the  apex,  not  plicate  ;  areolation  (piad- 
rate  on  the  borders,  ehtiigated,  linear  or  ecpiilateral  in  the 
middle,  fusiform  toward  the  apex,  paj)illose  on  the  back.  C;\\)- 
Hulc  long-pedicellate,  pyriform  or  turbinate ;  lid  short-conical, 
mamillate. 

1.  B.  Californica,  Lesq.  Plants  in  loose  tufts,  diversely 
nnich  divided  ;  branches  erect,  julaceous,  generally  thicker  at  the 
upex,  simple  or  divided  into  short  branchlets,  sometimes  flagel- 
late :  leaves  ajtpressed  when  dry,  spreading  when  moist,  sul>- 
decurrent  at  base,  from  oblong  to  broadly  ovate,  narrowed  into 
a  pellucid  more  or  less  elongated  crenulate  flexuous  apex; 
borders  reflexed  :  capsule  lateral  by  elongation  of  the  bram-hes, 
pyriform,  distinctly  necked,  truncate  and  enlarged  at  the  orilice 
when  emi)ty.  —  Trans.  Amer.  Phil.  8oc.  xiii.  8;  iSuUiv.  &  Les(}. 
Muse.  IJor.-Amer.  Exsicc.  (ed.  2),  n.  226 ;  Sulliv.  Icon.  31usc. 
ISui>i)l.  41,  t.  27. 

Var.  pilifera.  Leaves  more  abruptly  acuminate  into  a 
pellucid  jioint :  capsule  more  enlarged  at  the  orifice  when  dry, 
and  more  distinctly  plicate.  —  Hedicigia  pilifera^  Mitt.  Journ. 
Linn.  Soc.  viii.  45. 

IlAij.  Metainorphic  rocks  in  the  mountains  of  California;  Monte 
Diablo,  etc.  {Bolander)\  the  variety  on  rocks,  Vancouver  Island  {Lyidl). 
Common  on  the  Pacific  Coast  and  very  variable. 

Modified  as  the  genus  is  here  it  includes  both  the  genera  Ilcilwiriidium 
and  Braimia  of  Bruch  &  Schlmper.  In  the  description  of  />.  CdUfoniica, 
Sullivant  (loon.  Muse.  Suppl.  41)  rightly  remarks  that  this  species  does 
not  fall  naturally  into  any  of  the  genera  of  Schimper's  lIcdwhj'uicoiK  ; 
that  it  has  the  short  plicate  capsule  of  Ilcdicigidium,  and  very  nearly  its 
calyptra  and  operculum,  the  long  pedicel  of  Brannla,  and  somewhat  the 
Bam.e  shape  of  leaf  and  areolation;  but  that  the  genus  lirannta  differs  espe- 
cially in  its  long  smooth  elliptical  capsule,  the  long  operculum  and  calyp- 
tra, and  the  leaves  opaque,  not  pellucid  to  the  apex.  The  moss  described 
above  has  also  a  degree  of  aflSnity  with  Ucdwigia,  but  a  difference  equally 


/ 


^ 


; 


•v 


• ) 


m 


m 


154 


BRYACE.E, 


[Coscinodon. 


•vvcll  markotl  in  some  of  the  characters,  especially  in  tlie  long  pedicel  ami 
tlio  leaves  reilcxed  on  the  borders.  It  ditfers  from  JJraunla  in  the  form 
of  the  capsule,  and  the  leaves  not  plicate,  but  papillose  on  the  back.  Tiio 
Jledici'jica',  like  the  Cinclldotctt,  are  dadocarpous  mosses,  the  flowers 
being  terminal  on  short  lateral  branches.  Mueller  places  them  in  the 
Jlupitacciii  as  speeies  of  P'dutiichuin  or  Ncckera,  while  Mitte-;  refers 
them  to  the  Leucodoatc(£. 


Tribe  V.    OUTIIOTPJCIIE^E. 

Plants  tufted.  Stems  dicliotoniously  fastigiaie  by  innovu- 
tions,  short  and  erect,  or  long,  cree])ing  and  decumbent  witli 
short  erect  flowenng  branchlets.  Leaves  e<jual  except  at  thi; 
base  of  the  innovations,  reflexed  or  scjuarrose  when  moist,  siili- 
imbricatc  or  cirrate-crispate  wlien  dry,  terete-costate,  opaijuc, 
minutely  j)aj)illose;  areolation  minute,  ])unctiform,  cliioro- 
phyllose  in  the  ujiper  part,  hyaline,  Ioniser  and  narrow  or 
rectangular-hexagonal  in  the  lower.  Caly})tra  miti-iforin,  sub- 
cylindrical,  furrowed  or  plicate,  generally  hairy  (intlated  and 
cucullate  in  A))ipJioridium  and  Drummondla).  C'a2)sule  on  an 
erect  pedicel,  immersed  or  emergent,  symmetrical,  erect,  often 
striate.  Lid  straight-beaked.  Peristome  simple  or  double, 
rarely  none,  the  outer  of  S  bigeminate  broadly  lanceolate  teeth, 
or  of  10  geminate  flat  teeth  distantly  articulate  (bifid  to  the 
base  in  Ptt/cho?)ntnum)  ;  the  inner  of  8  or  10  free  cilia. 

50.  COSCINODON,  Sprengel.  (PI.  4.) 
Leaves  piliferous,  loosely  reticulate  at  base,  not  cris])ate. 
Calyptra  covering  the  capsule  to  the  base  or  to  the  middl;'. 
Lid  very  large.  Teeth  of  the  peristome  broadly  lanceolate,  dis- 
tantly articulate,  generally  very  cribrose,  rarely  entire,  granu- 
lose,  dark  purjile. 

1.  0.  pulvinatus,  Spreng.  Dioecious:  plants  densely 
tufted,  glaucous  or  Avhitish  green :  leaves  oblong  aiul  concave 
at  base,  j)licate  in  the  middle,  lanceolate  to  a  pellucid  slightly 
denticulate  hair-point :  caj)sule  ovate,  somewhat  emergent,  nar- 
rowed to  the  pedicel,  wide-mouthed  when  empty ;  lid  nearly  as 


Coscinodon.] 


BRYACE.E. 


155 


Ml] 


l()n<j;  as  tlic  capsule;  tectli  more  or  less  cribrose,  reflexcJ  when 
j,.y.  —  Eiiik'it.  Stud.  Crypt.  -JHl ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  'J;JO.  G'run/nia 
ci'lbrotid,  lledw.  Muse.  Frond,  iii.  73,  t.  31.  C.  cribrosus,  Spruce  , 
Muell.  Syii.  i.  705. 

IIai!.     Alaska  {Ilnrrhiffton). 

'2.  0.  Wrightii,  Sulliv.  Very  small,  densely  tufted,  dirty 
or  whitish  green :  leaves  closely  imbricate,  broadly  oval  or 
obovate,  concave,  spcjon-shaped,  erose-denticulato  from  below 
the  a])ex,  rapidly  narrowed  to  a  serrate  hair-point  twice  as  long 
as  the  leaf  and  formcfl  bv  the  stout  excurrent  costa;  Ijasiiar 
aret)lation  loose,  pelhicid,  ol)l(jng,  that  of  the  up])er  part 
smaller  and  oblong-oval,  chlorophyllose  in  the  middle,  ])t'llu('id 
toward  the  apex :  flowers  mona'cious,  the  male  on  tei'ininal 
bi-anchlets:  ealyi)tra  descending  to  below  the  middle  of  the 
capsule,  pluriplicate :  caj)sule  innnersed  on  a  very  short  slightly 
curved  ])edicel,  erect,  oval-oblong,  truncate  at  base,  thin,  smooth 
when  dry;  lid  conical,  rostellate ;  teeth  purple,  lanceolate, 
irri'gularly  2-3-cleft  at  the  aj)ex,  cribrose  at  the  base;  amudus 
large,  falling  off  in  fragments.  —  ^Mosses  of  U.  States,  38,  t.  4, 
and  Icon.  ]Musc.  i.  71,  t.  45;  Sulliv.  &  Lesq.  Muse.  Bcn'.-Am. 
Ivxsicc.  n.  132.  Grimmia  Wr  i  <j  ht  i  I,  A.  Am^VywW.  Torr.  Club, 
vi.  40. 

Har.  On  rorks;  San  Marcos,  Texas  (  Wrbjht);  SanLe  Ft',  New  Mexico 
(FiU'llcr)',  Canon  City,  Colorado  {linunli'ijc.c). 

3.  0.  Raui.  Plants  cesj)itose,  dii'ty  green  :  leaves  obovate, 
loosely  ind)ricate  or  spatidate,  ra)>idly  acuminate  into  a  some- 
what long  denticulate  pellucid  iiair-j)oint,  jdane  ami  entii'e  on 
the  borders;  costa  stcnit,  vanishing  below  the  slightly  erosi'- 
<lentate  apex:  flowers  mona'cious,  the  male  in  separate  axillary 
buds  near  the  base  of  the  f^ericluetial  leaves:  calyj»tra  large, 
plicate,  covering  the  capsuh'  to  the  middle:  capsule  oblong- 
oval,  rounded  or  snbtruii'ate  at  base,  thin;  lid  with  a  broad 
conical  beak;  teeth  lanceolate,  acuminate  at  the  a)>ex,  entire, 
s))lit  merely  or  perforated  here  and  there  on  the  line  of  <livi- 
sion,  erect  when  moist,  open  when  <lry;  annulus  broad,  ])er- 
sisti'iit.  —  (h'immia  {Coscinodon)  Raue!^  Austin,  Hull.  Torr. 
Club,  vi.  46. 

liAH.     Colorado  {Tirnndc(/ee), 

A  fine  spocies,  separated  from  the  preceding  l)y  the  leaves  nearly  entire 
on  the  borders,  the  costa  vanishing  bolow  the  apex,  the  iutlorescence,  the 
peristome,  etc. 


156 


BRYACE.E. 


[Ptijchomitrium. 


61.  PTYCHOMITRIUM,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  (Pi.  2.) 
Pliints  of  various  size,  fiiseiculutL'-siibcespitoso,  branching  by 
Binijjle  innovations  from  tlic  base.  Leaves  long,  often  curlin<'; 
cells  of  the  areolation  niiimte,  round  or  quadrate,  opaque  in  the 
upper  part,  linear-elliptical  or  hexagonal-rectangular  at  base. 
Calyptra  covering  the  capsule  to  the  middle,  plicate,  naked  or 
squamulosc,  sublobate  on  the  borders.  Capsule  symmetrical, 
erect,  on  a  long  straight  pedicel.  Lid  acicular.  Teeth  nar- 
rowly linear-lanceolate,  long,  divided  to  near  the  base  into  two 
subulate  free  or  partly  agglutinate  rarely  entire  segments. 
Annul  us  large,  compound. 

Subgenus  L     PTYCHOMITRIUM,  proper. 

Plants  large,  in  soft  tufts.  Leaves  narrowly  lanceolate, 
acuminate,  dentate  at  the  apex.  Capsule  single  or  many  from 
the  same  pcricliaitium.  Teeth  equally  filifoi'm-bilid.  Flowers 
monoecious. 

1.  P.  Gardner!,  Lcsq.  Tufts  dark  green:  leaves  close, 
oblong,  with  borders  slightly  reflexed,  lanceolate,  acuminate, 
sharply  denticulate  above :  calyptra  smooth :  capsule  oval 
oblong  ;  lid  long,  needle-form,  persistent ;  teeth  thick,  generally 
cleft  nearly  to  the  base  into  three  blood-red  segments  ;  annulus 
compound.  —  Mem.  Calif.  Acad.  i.  IG. 

IIab.     On  rocks;  Dardanelles  Cufion,  California  {Bolander). 

The  species  differs  from  the  European  7*.  polijplnjlliua  in  its  larcjor  size 
and  green  color,  the  leaves  shorter,  broader,  and  more  acutely  dentate, 
the  basilar  areolation  longer,  the  upper  quadrate  and  more  compact,  the 
shorter  pedicel,  the  pale  brown  capsule  longer  and  with  a  larger  lid,  the 
teeth  broader  and  trifid,  the  anr.uhis  narrower,  etc.  The  male  flowers  are 
rarely  axillary,  but  generally  placed  two  or  more  at  the  base  of  the  vagi- 
nule  within  the  perichaitium. 


Subgenus  II.     NOTARISIA. 

Plants  very  small,  loosely  tufted.  Leaves  shorter,  muticous, 
entire.  Capsule  solitary,  shorter-pedicellate.  Teeth  narrower, 
linear-lanceolate  and  entire,  or  broader  and  divided  above  into 
two  or  three  unequal  segments,  sprc  iding  when  dry. 


Piychomitriiim.] 


^! 


BRYACE/E. 


157 


2.  P.  incurvum,  Sulliv.  Plants  dark  green  or  yellowish 
brown  when  ohl :  leaves  erect,  slightly  incurved  when  moist, 
twisted-crispate  when  dry,  the  lower  very  small,  gradually 
larger  toward  the  toj)  of  the  stems,  linear-lanceolate,  more  or 
less  obtuse,  thick,  opaque,  plane  on  the  borders ;  costa  broad, 
vanishing  with  or  below  the  apex;  perichajtial  leaves  similar: 
male  buds  axillary  or  cladogenous :  calyptra  mitriforni,  cover- 
ing the  capsule  to  below  the  nii<hlle,  split  and  plicate  to  the 
base  of  its  long  beak :  capsule  oval,  erect ;  teeth  10,  long- 
subulate,  distantly  articulate,  entire,  ])apillose.  —  flosses  of  U. 
iStates,  •'}5,  and  Icon.  Muse.  (58,  t.  39.  Weisiiiti  tucurva, 
Schwaegr.  Suj^  (.  ii.  51,  t.  IIG.  J*,  j^ifsillum,  Urucli  &  Schiinj). 
Lond.  Journ.  Bot.  (184o)  ii.  005,  not  Bryol.  Eur. ;  Sulliv.  Muse. 
Allegh.  n.  185.  Griniinia  Jlookeri,  Drumm.  Muse.  Anier. 
n.  61. 

II AB.  On  exposed  rocks,  especially  samlstono;  Eastern  New  York, 
and  soutliwanl  to  Georgia;  very  coiumon  in  .Southern  Ohio;  Canada,  near 
Niagara  Falls  {Dnuniiiond). 

8.  P.  Drummondii,  Sulliv.  Larger  than  the  last  and 
more  loosely  tufted,  the  leaves  more  o])en,  sjireadhig  and  re- 
flexed  when  moistened,  lanceolate,  more  distiiu-tly  acute  and 
denticulate-serrate  on  the  borders  :  peristome  attached  far  be- 
low the  orifice  of  the  capsule,  the  teeth  shorter,  joined  in  j)airs, 
closely  articulate,  s})lit  at  the  apex  into  two  or  three  irregular 
short  segments  ;  annulus  wanting,  and  spores  larger.  —  flosses 
of  U.  States,  86,  and  Icon.  Muse.  05,  t.  40.  (irinitnia  Dnim- 
mondu\  II<»ok.  &  Wils  Wils.  in  Hook.  Journ.  Bot.  (lS-41)  iii. 
90,  t.  8,  and  iv.  422,  t.  2.),  B. 

IIa];.     On  trees,  from  Southern  Virginia  and  Tennessee  southward. 

4.  P.  pygmSBUm,  Les(p  &,  James.  Plants  very  small, 
olive-green  •  leaves  close,  spreading  when  nu)ist,  twisted  when 
dry,  linear  from  the  more  enlargetl  ovate  base,  muticous,  dark 
green,  smooth;  costa  vanishing  far  below  the  ajiex:  nuile 
flowers  axillary  in  buds  at  the  base  of  the  periehoitium :  calv})- 
tra  large,  covering  the  cajiisujc  to  its  base  :  capsule  on  a  shoit 
reddish  ])edicel,  ovai,  with  a  collum  one-third  as  long  as  the 
sporangium  ;  teeth  nc^'ly  equal,  linear-subulate,  papillose,  red- 
dish, joined  in  pairs  at  base,  some  connate  their  whole  length  ; 
articulation-^  indistin^'t.  —  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xiv.  186. 

IIau.  On  stones  (?)  near  the  Noosho  River,  Kaunas,  and  al  Bolivar, 
Missouri  {E.  Hall). 


ffllll 


158 


BRYACEiE. 


[Ghjiihomitrhm. 


|i  ;  :  i 


m4 


■1  nl 


i!  ■ 


li'i. 


This  species,  the  smallest  of  the  genus,  is  distinct  in  its  small  size,  the 
obscure  arcolation  in  the  upper  part  of  the  leaves,  the  cells  hyaline  and 
liexagonal  at  the  base,  the  well-marked  neck  of  the  capsule  extending  one- 
tliird  of  its  length,  and  the  teeth  united  in  pairs,  entire  or  agglutinate  their 
whole  length. 

52.  GLYPHOMITRIUM,  Brid. 

Plants  very  small,  simple  or  sparingly  branched,  tufted. 
Leaves  ovate  and  lanceolate,  opaque ;  i)ericha3tium  long,  the 
inner  leaves  sheathing  nearly  to  the  apex.  Flowers  monoecious, 
axillary.  Calyptra  large,  descending  to  below  the  base  of  the 
capsule,  many  times  split  and  plicate.  Capsule  globose,  solid, 
erect,  on  a  somewhat  long  pedicel.  Lid  conical-acuminate. 
Teeth  of  the  peristome  IG,  lanceolate,  very  entire,  api>roximate 
in  pairs,  with  hyaline  borders.     Annulus  none.     Si)()res  large. 

1.  G.  Canadense,  Mitten,  Leaves  lanceolate,  tapering  to 
an  acute  or  blunt  jxjint.  the  borders  recurved  from  the  base  to 
the  middle  ;  cell.;  oblong  near  the  base,  narrower  at  the  angles, 
gradually  becoming  n  -and  above ;  periclutitial  leaves  very 
broadly  ovate,  convoloite,  short-apiculate :  calyptra  rugose  at 
the  apex  :  cajtsule  oval,  on  a  short  jjedicel  5  or  6  m.m.  long.  — 
Journ.  Linn.  Soc.  viiL  21. 

IIab.     Ihitish  America  (Dnimmond). 

L'esenibh's  tl-.e  European  (,'.  iJnviesli,  but  differs  in  the  oval  capsule, 
the  short  pedicel,  and  the  shorter  stems. 


I'l'lii;.^ 


+ 


53.  AMPHORIDroM,  Sehimp.  (PI.  2,  as  Zi/godon.) 
plants  soft,  yellowish  or  dirty  green  above,  black  or  brown 
below.  Leaves  soft,  carinate,  crisjiate  when  dry.  Flowers 
iHoniecious  or  di(L'cious ;  j)ericha3tium  sheathing.  Calyptra 
cncullatc,  small,  fugacious.  Capsule  short-pedicellate,  without 
])erlslome,  contracted  under  the  oriHce,  urceolate  when  dry  and 
empty. 

1.  A.  Lapponicum,  Sehimp.  Monoecious:  stems  brittle, 
2  to  4  cm.  long :  leaves  lanceolate,  acute,  the  uj)per  longer, 
spreading  or  curved  back  when  moist,  crispate  when  dry, 
bright  green  when  young;  costa  vanishing  below  the  apex: 
male  flowers  in  axillary  sometimes   aggregate  buds :    cajjsule 


Ami^horidinm.] 


BllYACEiE. 


159 


cmerL^ont,  brown,  recldish-striatc,  oval,  with  an  inflalod  neck 
nearly  as  long  Jis  the  sj)orangiuni ;  pedicel  short,  ])ale.  —  Syn. 
247.  (ji/ninostomian  J,(ipjwnict/m,  Iledw.  Muse.  Frond,  iii. 
10,  t.  5.  Zygodon  Lapponcus^  Briich  &  Schimp.  Bryol.  Eur. 
t.  •206  ;  Sulliv.  Mosses  of  U.  States,  ?>'!. 
Ham.     Fissures  of  rocks;  most  abiiiulant  in  the  mountains.     June. 

2.  A.  Mougeotii,  Sehinii»,  Differs  from  the  last  in  its 
larger  niore  })ulvinate  tufts,  the  plants  slightly  curling,  yellowish 
green  above,  ferruginous  below,  with  few  radicles :  the  leaves 
longer  and  narrower,  with  borders  recurved  toward  the  base, 
the  j)ericluiitial  enlarged,  not  tubulose,  sheathing  near  the  base 
only,  narrower ;  the  ca})sulc  on  a  pedicel  twice  as  long  and  dis- 
tinctly emergent,  the  beak  of  the  lid  longer  acicular ;  and  the 
flowers  dioecious.  —  Syn,  248.  Zygodon  Mougeotii^  IJruch  & 
Schimp.  Rryol.  Eur.  t.  20G  ;  Sulliv.  1.  c. 

IIaij.  White  Mountains;  Wissahickon,  near  Philadelphia  (James), 
sterile. 

3.  A.  Californicum.  Dia?cious:  plants  soft  and  loosely 
])ulvinate,  yellowish  green  above,  ferruginous  and  rarliculose 
below:  leaves  very  crisi)ate  and  twisted  when  dry,  spreading 
and  flexuous  when  moist,  narrowly  lanceolate,  acuminate, 
deeply  canaliculate-carinate  ;  costa  excurrent ;  borders  revolute 
below,  flat  and  remotely  sharply  denticulate  above  ;  upper  areo- 
lation  minute,  quadrate,  not  inflated  ;  pericluetial  leaves  nar- 
rower and  more  acute,  not  sheathing,  slightly  subrevolute  on  the 
borders :  cajjsule  small,  oval,  urceolate,  subexserted  on  a  short 
somewhat  arcuate  pedicel :  male  j)lants  stouter.  —  Zygodon 
Cali/ornicus,  IJampe ;  Muell.  Ijot.  Zeit.  xx.  801  ;  Lesq.  Trans. 
Amer.  Phil.  Soc.  xiii.  0 ;  Sulliv.  Icon.  Muse.  Sup])l.  47,  t.  82. 

Had,  On  shaded  rocks;  San  Jose  Valley,  California  (linuer);  Darda- 
nelles Canon,  etc.  [Bolandcr);  near  the  British  boundary  (Lyall). 

The  fertile  i^lants  had  not  been  discovered  by  Ilampe,  who  considered 
the  inflorescence  as  probably  dl<L'cious. 

4.  A.  Sullivantii.  Plants  long,  slender,  flcxuons,  in  loose 
intricate  yellowish  brown  tufts,  beset  with  a  few  buntlles  of 
radicles  sometimes  attached  to  the  apex  of  the  leaves :  leaves 
remote,  recurved-spreading,  lanceolate  from  the  slightly  decur- 
rent  base,  concave,  entire,  with  borders  reflexed  up  to  the 
middle,  complicate,  distantly  serrate  upward ;  costa  ))ercur- 
rent :  flowers  and  fruit  unknown.  —  Zygodon  Sidlirantii^ 
Muell.  Syn.  i.  079 ;  Sulliv.  Mosses  of  U.  States,  32,  and  Icon. 


160 


BRYACEiE. 


[Amphoridium. 


h 


■ft I  .i? 


■',1 

i 


ph 


f 


Muse.  i.  51,  t.  32;   SuUiv.  &  Lesq.  Muse.  Bor.-Ain.  Exsicc. 
n.  114.     Syrrhojyodoii  excelsiis,  Sulliv.  Muse.  Allofrli.  n.  170. 

Ham.  Rocks  on  the  top  of  Grandfather  Mountain,  North  Carolina 
{Gray  &  Siillivant);  summit  of  Black  Mountains,  in  same  State,  on 
brandies  and  rocks  (Lcsquereux). 

5.  A.  caespitOSUm.  Much  like  A.  MougeotH  in  size  atid 
aspect,  differing  in  the  leaves  erect  at  base,  oj)en  and  incurved 
toward  the  apex,  gradually  acute,  distantly  serrulate,  the  basilar 
cells  oblong-rectangular,  ovoid  in  the  middle,  round  above.  — 
Didymodoii  ccespitosus,  Mitt.  Journ.  Linn.  Soc.  viii.  18. 

II AB.     Vancouver  Island  {Lyall). 

54.  DRUMMONDIA,  Hook.  (PI.  2.) 
In  wide  compressed  tufts,  the  stems  divided  into  long  creeping 
shoots  with  very  short  branches.  Leaves  crowded.  Calyj)tra 
large,  cuculliform,  originally  conical,  as  in  SchlotJieimia.  Teeth 
of  the  peristome  IG,  short,  truncate,  entire,  densely  trabeculate, 
smooth  and  thin. 

1.  D.  clavellata,  Hook.  Tufts  dark  green,  blackish  in- 
side ;  stems  prostrate,  naked,  radiculose  on  the  lower  side  the 
whole  length  ;  branches  numerous,  short,  erect,  often  prolonged 
hito  long  creeping  shoots  around  the  tufts:  leaves  open-erect, 
ovate-lanceolate,  blunt  or  acute,  concave,  firm,  costate-sulcate 
to  near  the  apex ;  areolation  dense,  j)unctiform ;  perichietial 
leaves  similar:  flowers  dioecious,  ternii)ial  or  lateral  by  innova- 
tions: calyptra  inflated,  somewliat  j)licate  at  base,  reaching  to 
the  base  of  the  capsule :  capsule  terminal  on  sliort  erect 
branches,  short-pedicelled,  ovate-globose,  microstome,  thin, 
quite  smooth  ;  lid  obliquely  rostrate  ;  annulus.none.  —  Drumm, 
Muse.  Amcr.  n.  62 ;  Muell.  Syn.  i.  687 ;  Sulliv.  Mosses  of  \J. 
States,  32,  and  Icon.  Muse.  52,  t.  33.  Jlacronntritwi,  Schwaegr. 
Gifmnostomwin  prorcjyens^  Ilodw.  Spec.  3Iusc.  35,  t.  3. 

IIah.     On  trees;  Northern  and  Middle  States;  common. 

55.  ULOTA,  3Iohr.    (PI.  2.) 
Leaves  long,  lanceolate,  flexuous,  crisi)ate  and  twisted  when 
dry ;  cells  at  the  middle  of  the  concave  base  linear  and  chloro 
phyllose,  enlarged  and  liyaline  on  the  borders.     Flowers  monce- 


Vlota.] 


BRYACE.E. 


IGl 


cious,  the  male  rjjcmmiform.  Calyptra  yellow,  deeply  split  at 
base,  obtusely  jdieate,  generally  covered  with  long  tlexuous 
yellowish  iiairs.  Capsule  exserted,  narrowed  into  a  long 
eolluni,  twisted  to  the  left  when  dry.  —  Wcissia,  Ehrh. 

*  Primanj  stems  creeping :   leaves  scarcehj  crispcUe  when  dry. 

1.  U.  Drummondii,  Brid.  Tufts  yellowish  green  :  leaves 
linear-hniceoiate  from  an  ovate  base,  the  eonial  longer :  male 
Howers  axillary:  ealyptra  somewhat  hairy:  capsule  exserted  on 
a  long  pedicel,  ovate-clavate  or  fusiform,  obscurely  8-sulcate, 
light  ])rown,  distinctly  8-costate  to  the  base  when  old  ;  lid  coni- 
cal-acuminate, whitish  at  the  apex,  yellow  at  base;  teeth  10, 
whitish.  —  Bryol.  Univ.  i.  299.  Orthotricluon  Druniiiiondii^ 
(4rev.  Scot.  Crypt.  Fl.  t.  115;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  210.  Weissia 
J)nfnnno)idii,  Lindb.  Muse.  Scand.  28. 

IIaij.     Canada  {Druiinnond). 

We  have  boon  imable  to  liiiil  tlii«!  species  in  any  of  the  sets  of  Driim- 
mond's  mosses,  though  Schiniper  mentions  it  as  sent  from  Canada  by 
Dninunonil.  Like  the  folk)\ving  it  is  distinct  from  all  the  other  species 
in  its  long  creeping  stems,  and  from  U.  LudwljU  in  its  more  robust 
habit,  the  form  of  the  capsule,  etc. 

2.  U.  Ludwigii,  ]jrid.  Stems  somewhat  creeping  or  de- 
cumbent: leaves  linear-lanceolate,  ])lane  or  slightly  undulate  on 
tlie  borders,  o])cn  Avhen  moist,  slightly  twisted  when  dry :  cap- 
sule clav.'ite-])yriform,  thin,  yellowish  brown,  abruptly  contracted 
and  ])licate  at  the  orifice  wlien  deoperculate  and  dry;  teeth 
erect  when  dry,  close,  whitish,  with  irregular  fugacious  frag- 
inents  of  an  internal  membrane  as  cilia.  —  Muse.  Bocent.  Supj)l. 
iv.  112;  Schimp.  Syn.  254.  OrtJiotricJunn  Liidmcjil.,  Brid.  1.  e. 
ii.  G ;  Schwaegr.  Suppl.  i.  2.  24,  t.  51 ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  225  ;  Sulliv. 
3Iosscs  of  U.  States,  34.     ^Velssia  coarctata.,  Lindb.  1.  c. 

IIaij.  Small  trunks  and  branches  of  trees;  common  in  mountainous 
regions. 

*  *  Leaves  cirrate-cri spate  inhen  dry. 

3.  U.  CUrvifolia,  Brid.  1.  c.  Tufts  loose,  yellowish  brown 
or  black  ;  stems  erect  from  a  decumbent  base :  leaves  linear- 
lanceolate,  acutely  carinate,  jilane  on  the  borders,  densely  ])apil- 
lose:  ealyptra  deeply  bbate,  pale:  capsule  small,  shorter- 
pedicellate,  ovate,  striate,  costatc  to  the  base  when  dry ;  teeth 
bigeminate,  separated  to  the  middle,  lacunose  at  the  apex ;  cilia 


^- 


•  r 


ii\ 


I'll 

m 


r,  if t  ■  li 


in:,: 


'HI  i 


mil.  H 

if::    ', 


i! 


^ 


162 


BRYACE.E. 


[Ulota. 


8,  of  a  (loul)le  row  of  cells,  equal  in  Icnirth.  —  Ort/iotrichfon 
curvifolitmi.,  Walil.  Fl.  Ui\)i).  303 ;  Biyol.  Eur.  t.  220.  Weis.'^ia 
curclfolid,  Lindb.  1.  c. 

]Iaij.     Ciiuada  (Dnnnmond,  fido  Schimpcr). 

As  in  the  case  of  II.  DniiiDiiondli,  we  liave  been  unable  to  find  this 
specios  in  any  of  our  sets  of  Druinmond's  mosses. 

4.  U.  Bruchii,  llornscli.  Leaves  linear-lanceolate  from  an 
enlarujcd  ovate  concave  base,  long,  flexuous,  twisted  when  dry ; 
j)eri('lKetial  leaves  erect,  snlcate  lengthwise  at  base ;  basilai- 
cells  long  and  narrow,  vermicular,  thick-walled ;  those  of  the 
borders  enlarged,  quadr.ate:  calyptra  deeply  split,  very  hairy: 
capsule  e.vserted  on  a  long  pedicel,  oval,  long-necked,  !S-striale, 
])yi'if<)rni  and  narrowed  at  the  orifice  when  empty;  teeth  lung, 
bigeminate,  reflexed  when  dry;  cilia  8,  rarely  10,  filiform,  as 
long  as  the  teeth,  or  when  10  .alternately  longer  and  shorter.  — 
Brid.  IJryol.  Univ.  i.  794.  Orthotrichmn  coarctatain.,  and  0. 
dihitatinn.,  Bruch  &  Schimp.,  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  227.  0,  JJruc/iit\ 
Wils.  Bryol.  Brit.  188,  t.  45 ;  SuUiv.  Mosses  of  U.  States,  34. 
JVeissia  Jiruchii,  Lindb.  1.  c. 

Hah.     White  Mountains  {Oakcs)\  Upper  Canada  (Dn<»i»iO))(Z). 

Similar  to  O.  crlspum,  but  more  robust,  the  leaves  less  crispate,  ratlier 
twisted  wIr'u  dry,  the  capsule  larger,  contracted  and  narrowed  at  the 
mouth  when  dry. 

5.  U.  crispa,  ]5rid.  Tufts  soft,  yellowish  green  on  the 
outside,  ferruginous  within  :  leaves  similar  to  those  of  the  last 
s|)ecies,  crispate  when  dry :  calyptra  very  hairy  :  capsule  oval, 
with  a  very  long  collum  descending  to  near  the  base  of  the 
short  pedicel,  constricted  under  the  oritice,  much  lengthened, 
fusiform,  deeply  sulcate  when  dry  and  empty ;  teeth  8,  con- 
fluent, rarely  separated  into  10,  lanceolate ;  dividing,  line  dis- 
tinct ;  cilia  8,  stouter  and  shorter  than  in  the  last.  —  Muse. 
Kecent.  Supi)l.  iv.  112.  Weissia  idojihi/lla,  Ehrh.  Beitr.  i.  191. 
OrtJiOtriehnm  crispum,  Iledw.  Muse.  Frond,  ii.  90,  t.  35;  Bryol. 
Eur.  t.  228  ;  Sulliv.  1.  c. 

Var.  minor.  Plants  smaller ;  leaves  subovate  at  base.  — 
IT.  intermedia,  Schimp.  Syn.  (ed.  2)  305? 

Haij.  Trunks  and  branches  of  trees  on  mountains;  not  rare.  The 
variety  near  Lake  Huron,  British  America  (Druuvnond,  n.  153). 

0.  U.  Americana,  Mitt.  Differing  from  W.  crispa  only  in 
its  shorter  stem,  the  leaves  twisted-crispate  (not  appressed- 
twistcd,  as  described  by  the  author),  the  base  of  the  leaves  sub- 


Ulota.] 


BRYACE.E. 


1G3 


oval,  not  generally  as  enlarged  as  in  L^.  crispa,  resembling  in 
tliat  point  those  of  L^.  criKpuhi.  — Joiirn.  Linn.  Soc.  viii.  tiO. 

IIah.  Lake  Huron  (T()dd)\  British  America  (Druminond,  n.  loo,  with 
IT.  Bruchii). 

As  completing  the  diaguosls  of  the  species,  the  author  says  tliat  the 
cells  in  tlie  middle  of  the  lanceolate  part  of  tlie  leaves  number  three 
witliin  llu!  thousandth  part  of  an  inch,  and  only  two  in  U.  crinpn,  and 
two  and  a  lialf  in  U.  crhimhi.  In  the  plants  we  have  examined  from 
Drummond's  sets,  the  corresponding  cells  of  U.  americuna  are  generally 
broader  than  in  U,  cris]><i.  The  l)order3  of  the  leaves  also  are  flat  and 
entire,  not  recurved  nor  suberose  as  (lescril)ed  by  Mitten.  Specimens  are 
frequently  much  mixed  in  the  Drummond  sets,  and  it  appears  tliat  in  our 
sets,  at  least,  n.  l')-\  merely  represents  a  variety  of  U.  crisjxt,  apparently 
the  U.  intermedia  of  fScliimper. 

7.  U.  crispula,  IJrid.  Differing  from  ir.  crispa  in  its 
smaller  size,  the  green  color  of  the  tnfts  becoming  ferrnginons 
or  brown  with  age,  the  leaves  a  little  shorter  and  broader,  more 
twisted-crispate  when  dry,  the  cai)snle  shorter  and  with  shorter 
neck,  thin,  more  nan-owly  striate,  pale  yellow,  shortened  pyri- 
form-truncate  and  open-mouthed  or  slightly  contracted  nnder 
the  orifice  when  dry  and  empty,  and  in  the  shorter  teeth.  — 
Bryol.  Univ.  i.  793.  Ortliotrichunt,  crispulum,  Brucli;  IJryol. 
Eur.  t.  228  ;  Sulliv.  Mosses  of  U.  States,  34.  Weissia  cnqnduy 
Lindb.  1.  e. 

II An.  With  the  former,  but  more  common;  plains  and  hilly  districts 
of  tlie  middle  and  nortliern  zones. 

H.  U.  phyllantha,  Brid.  Densely  tufted,  greenish  brown  : 
loaves  long,  linear-lanceolate,  much  twisted  and  beautifully  cir- 
cinate ;  eosta  percurrent,  often  thickened  and  bearing  at  the 
ajiex  an  agglomeration  of  small  brown  articulate  cylindrical 
bodies:  flowers  and  fruit  nnknown.  —  Muse,  Recent.  Suj)pl.  iv. 
113.  Orthotrichum  phyllanthnm,  Steud. ;  Bryol.  Enr.  t.  223. 
0.  fasciculare,  LaPyl. ;  Brid.  Bryol.  Univ.  i.  790.  Wcissia 
phyllantha^  Lindb.  1.  c. 

IlAn.  Trunks  of  trees,  Oregon  (E.  Hull);  Vancouver  Island  (Wood)] 
Newfoundland  ( LaPylaie). 

*  *  *  Leaves  striate^  rigid. 

9.  U.  HutchinsiSB,  ^chim]).  Tufts  greenish  brown;  plants 
erect,  brittle  when  dry:  leaves  close,  imbricate,  rigid  when  dry, 
erect,  slightly  open  when  moist,  oblong-lanceolate,  acute  from 
the  ovate  base  ;  borders  refl'.'xed  :  calyptra  very  hairy  :  caj^sule 
on  a  more  or  less  long  pedicel,  gradually  narrowed  to  a  long 


'\V 

!  '  tf  i 

'li.  I ' 


t 


/ 


-f 


164 


BRYACE.E. 


[Vlota. 


i>,ij ' 


II 


1,*-       •' ! 


m^  ' 


[If  tf  1 

1     '' 


t     't 


i 


f 


collum,  oval,  8-striate  its  whole  Icni^tli,  8-plicate  when  dry, 
yellowish,  gradually  narrowing  to  the  oriflec  when  dry;  teeth 
8,  linear-lanceolate,  l)lgeniinate,  entire  or  bifid  at  the  apex,  re- 
ilexed  when  dry;  cilia  8,  a  little  shorter  than  the  teeth. — 
CoroU.  41.  OrthotricJiton  Ainericanict/i,  Beauv.  Prodr.  80.  0. 
Ilutc/nnsice^  Smith,  Engl.  Bot.  t.  2523;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  226; 
Sulliv.  Mosses  of  U.  States,  34.  Wcissia  Ainericcaia,  Lindb.  1.  c. 
IIah.    On  granite  rocks  in  the  mountains,  common. 

10.  U.  Barclay!,  Mitt.  Plants  short,  loosely  cespitosc, 
yellowish  ])rown  :  leaves  erect,  oj)en  when  moist,  apj  pressed 
when  dry,  obovate,  concave  at  base,  lanceolate,  acute  or  acumi- 
nate, carinate,  ])lane  on  the  borders ;  costa  vanishing  below  the 
apex;  upper  cells  angularly  round,  smooth,  the  lower  oblong, 
hyaline:  calyptra  conical,  with  a  few  short  hairs:  capsule 
broadly  oval,  passing  down  to  a  long  pedicel,  thicker  in  the 
up]»er  part;  teeth  8,  bigeminate,  with  15  or  10  articulations, 
linear,  j)unctulate ;  cilia  8,  narr<"  as  long  as  the  teeth. — 
Journ.  Linn.  Soc.  viii.  20;  Sulliv.  icon.  Suppl.  75,  t.  50. 

II An.     Sitlca  (linrchiy). 

Similar  to  Orthotrichnm  Japonicnm,  Sulliv.  &  Lesq.,  in  Pvogers  Xorth 
Pacif.  Expl.  Exped.,  and  the  two  may  represent  varieties  of  one  species. 

56.  ORTHOTRICHUM,  Iledw. 
Plants  ])ulvinate,  rooting  at  base  in  the  axils  of  the  branches. 
Leaves  striate  when  dry ;  cells  of  the  areolation  round-hexago- 
nal or  oval,  more  or  less  chlorophyllose,  minutely  pa])illose  or 
rarely  smooth  in  the  upjier  part,  the  lower  larger,  hexagonal- 
rectangular,  hyaline.  Flowers  generally  moncreious,  the  male 
in  se])arate  lateral  buds.  Calyj)tra  campanidate-mitrate,  split 
and  carinate-plicate  at  base,  deei>ly  sulcate  at  the  apex,  hairy  or 
naked.  Capsule  generally  immersed,  8-lC-striate,  rarely  smooth 
when  dry.  Peristome  simple  or  double,  the  outer  of  8  bigem- 
inate or  of  10  geminate  teeth,  the  inner  of  8  or  10  cilia.  Annu- 
lus  none  or  very  narrow.  —  Dorcadion^  Adans.,  in  Lindb.  Syst. 

*  Plants  of  medium  size :  leaves  solid,  striate :  capsule  more 
or  less  exserted  ;  peristome  simi^lc. 

1.  O.  anomalum,  ITedw.  Stems  erect,  mostly  simple : 
lower  leaves  distant,  the  upper  densely  crowded,  open,  ovate- 


Orthotrichum.] 


BRYACEE. 


165 


laiK'C'olutc,  rcvolutc  on  llie  borders,  distinotly  jiapilloso ;  basi- 
lar arooliilion  rectangular,  the  ui)j>er  rouiul-hcxagonal :  (•alyj)tr{i 
dirty  brown,  balry  :  eajtsule  ex.serted  on  a  comparatively  long 
ludicel,  ovate-oblonj:;,  indistinctly  Kl-striate,  constricted  in  the 
middle  when  dry;  teeth  light  yellow,  erect  when  dry;  cilia 
none  or  rudimentarN .  —  Miisc.  F -ond.  ii.  lO'J,  t.  37;  Brvol. 
Eur.  t,  'JIO.     O.  scuati'k;  lirid.  Hryol.  Tn-v.  i.  270. 

Hah.  On  liinestouw  rocks;  Niagara  Falls;  SaK'ui,  Mass.;  Ontario, 
Ciiiiada;  Iiocky  Mountains,  etc.;  rare.  A  (lout)tful  form  from  tlio 
Wiislioi!  Moinitains.  Novaiia  (  ll'd/.soji).  wilh  thifker  more  papillose  and 
muri'  re  Vol  lilt'  loaves,  closer  areolation,  and  nion;  pilose  calyplra,  is  nicn- 
lioiied  l>y  James  (Bot.  King  E.\p.  4U:i;  liot.  Calif,  ii.  ;J83). 

2.  O.  ISBVigatum,  Zett.  Like  the  last  in  size  and  aspect, 
(litTerini;  in  the  very  hairy  calyptra,  the  capsule  not  striate  and 
|>crfectly  smooth  when  dry,  the  teeth  very  papillose  and  more 
closely  articulate,  with  rudimentary  cilia,  and  in  the  narrower 
l)asal  cells  of  the  leaves.  —  Schimp.  Uryol.  Eur.  Suppl.  t.  2; 
.lames,  JJot.  Kint;  Exp.  402. 

11  An.     I'ah-Ule  Mountains,  Western  Xevada  (  H'afso)i). 

o.  O.  CUpulatum,  Ilolfm.  (Jrowingin  more  or  less  dense 
tut'ts,  of  a  dirty  green  or  brownish  coli»r :  leaves  close,  sj)read- 
iug  when  moist,  oblongdanceolate,  retlexed  on  the  borders ; 
cells  very  small  toward  the  a[)ex  :  calyptra  camjianulate,  shorter 
and  bro.'ider  than  in  0.  attonudurn^  slightly  hairy,  pale  reddish 
brown:  capsule  half-emergent,  globose-ovate,  .short-necked,  IG- 
striate,  the  slriiu  more  or  less  dark  yellow  and  alternately  .short 
and  longer,  IG-costate  and  urcecdatc  when  dry  and  emj)ty ; 
litl  pale  yellow,  deep  orange  at  ba.se,  short,  straightd)eaked  from 
its  convex  base  ;  teeth  1(5,  free  to  the  base,  ])ale  yc  How,  spread- 
ing star-like  when  dry.  —  Deutschl.  Fl.  ii.  2(5 ;  Jiryol.  Eur.  t.  209. 

Var.  minus,  Sulli\.  Plants  short,  closely  jndvinate,  black- 
ish green:  leaves  more  distinctly  revolute  on  tlie  borders,  some- 
what narrower:  ca))sule  shorter.  —  Icon.  Suppl.  Gl,  t.  44.  O. 
Lescurii,  Aust.,  3Iusc.  Appah  n.  1G3,  and  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  vi. 
:'.41. 

Var.  Peckii,  Sulliv.  1.  c.  Capsule  subovatc,  8-striato  :  calyp- 
tr.i  distinctly  hairy. —  0.  Pcckh',  Aust.,  Muse.  Appal,  n.  1G2; 
Peck,  Kep.  X.  Y.'Univ.  (1873),  xxv.  71.  O.  cupulatum  (?), 
Druuim.  ^lusc.  Amer.  (Coll.  IT.)  n.  SI. 

Var.  Porteri,  Sulliv.  1.  c.  Capsule  S-  (rarely  16-)  striate, 
longer-pedicellate. —  O.  Porteri^  Aust.,  11.  cc,  n.  101,  and  vi.  341. 


i- 


nm 


n 


m 


rr 


■ I"  IflllHWIJf  •■ 


1G6 


llKYACEiE. 


[Orlltolrichuin. 


^:':'^: 


t 


Var.  parvulum,  Sulliv.  1.  c.  Plants  of  small  size :  loaves 
narrower:  capsuU'  H-striato. —  O. panudum,  Milt.  Joiirn,  Ijiin. 
Soc.  viil.  lia.  (J.  AStun/iii,  Sulliv.  &  Lc'S(|.  3Iu.se.  IJor.-Ain. 
Exsiec.  n.  117,  in  jtart. 

Ham.  Dry  rocks,  in  tlin  inltMle  districts;  Ultiali,  California  {lioluwlcr}; 
tlu!  tirst  variety  on  liiuestoine  rocks  along  the  Ohio  Ul\Qr  {LcHqwrcnx); 
the  second  in  New  York  (/Vc/i*);  the  third  in  Pennsylvania  (Porter);  the 
last  in  New  Mexico  (  ]\'ri<ilit), 

4.  O.  Sturmii,  Ilopja^  &  nornsch.  TuftH  k'SH  oomiiael, 
greenish  black  or  brown:  leaves  o])e«i  and  recurved  when  moist, 
revoluto  on  the  whole  marj^in,  especially  when  <lry,  acutely 
carinate;  upper  areolation  densely  papillose,  the  h.asilar  rect- 
angular or  vermicular,  nodulose  near  the  base,  (|uadrate-e(jual 
at  the  aiiLjles :  calyptra  very  hairy :  caj)sule  immersed,  oval, 
short-necked,  with  H  very  obscure  strlie,  slii^htly  constricted 
under  the  oriHce  when  dry  and  empty,  and  there  H-costate, 
smooth  in  the  middle ;  teeth  pale-yellow,  not  as  distinctly 
punctate  as  in  the  precedinuf,  erect,  slightly  incurved  when  dry; 
cilia  none  or  rudimentary.  —  Kegensb.  Flora  (1819),  ii.  81); 
Bryol.  Eur.  t.  Ii09. 

ii...B.     Kocks,  Yoseniite  Valley  {Holandcr);  Nevada  {Watson). 

T).  O.  Texanum,  Sulliv.  Plants  large,  loosely  pulvinatc, 
brown  or  blackish  green  :  leaves  loosely  imbricate,  erect-oj)en 
when  (by,  sj)reading-recurved  when  moist,  deejdy  earinate- 
costate  or  subj)licate  from  the  middle  to  the  apex,  linear-lanceo- 
late ;  borders  reflcxed  all  around ;  upper  areolation  opaque, 
punctiform,  slightly  papillose ;  lower  cells  longer  and  oblong, 
pellucid :  calyptra  long,  covering  the  capsule  to  the  base,  very 
hairy :  capsule  immersed  on  a  short  pedicel,  oblong-obovatc, 
short-necked,  distinctly  8-costate  its  whole  length  when  dry ; 
lid  with  a  short  straight  beak ;  teeth  8  and  bigeminate,  or  1() 
geminate  and  adjacent  in  jiairs,  whitish  yellow ;  cilia  IG,  rudi- 
n'.entary  and  rarely  seen.  —  Mosses  of  U.  States,  33,  and  Icon. 
Muse.  53,  t.  34 ;  Sulliv.  &  Lesq.  Muse.  Bor.-Amer.  Exsicc.  n. 
122  (excluding  diagnosis). 

Var.  globOSUm,  Lesq.  Stems  sliorter :  leaves  erect  when 
moist :  capsule  shorter,  globose,  emergent  upon  a  somewhat 
longer  pedicel,  with  a  brown  shining  calyptra.  —  Mem.  Calif. 
Acad.  i.  17. 

Had.  Texas  (Wright);  New  Mexico  (Fendler);  on  rocks,  California 
{Bolander};  Colorado  (Wolf  &  llothrock). 


OrthotrichuiH.] 


nUVACK/E. 


167 


Tlio  sppi-lfs  Is  much  liko  O.  Sturuill,  but  dlfTors  In  tlio  l.irgor  plants, 
with  louijcr  iiiinnwiT  tnorc  ivciu'vcil  iind  sprcadhijj  icavos,  a  moro  hairy 
o.ilyptia,  a  li)n,;,'('r  capHulo  pronilucnlly  S-riblicd  tliruuylioul  whou  dry,  and 
an  UuuiV  \>vv\sUnm\  tiiou^'ii  more  or  loss  rudimentary. 

•  ).  O.  Douglasii,  I)iil»y.  Similar  to  O.  Tcjntnum^  dilTi-riiij^ 
ill  tlu'  loaves  distinctly  rt'volutt'  on  tlic  bofders,  tlic  u|t|i('r  aroo. 
latioii  )ii-(iiniiic'ntly  j)aiiillos(',  the  calyptra  moro  ciilari^'cd  at 
base,  the  capsule  cxscrtcd  on  a  Koincwliat  loiii^cr  pedicel,  the 
lid  l()ii!:;er-rost rate,  and  in  the  shorter  and  broader  teeth  with- 
out traces  ol"  cilia.  —  Geiiev.   Soc.  IMiys.  Mem.  xix.  lil).'},  t.  1, 

'it,'.  -• 

*  *  J*crintotnc   doiihh\  the   inner  of  8   cilia :    aijtsulc  ribbed 

in  hen  dry. 

7.  O.  rupeotre,  Schleich.  Plants  loni;,  loosely  ces)»itose, 
decumbent:  leaves  spreadini^,  recurved  when  nioist,  strict, 
rii^id  and  imbricate  when  dry,  oblonfjj-lanoeohite,  revoluto  or 
involute  on  the  borders;  upper  areolation  very  small,  scarcely 
distinct,  the  basilar  narrowly  rectaiM^iilar,  more  or  less  vermicu- 
lar near  the  costa,  minutely  papillose  on  both  faces  :  calyj)tra 
campamdate,  covered  witli  yellow  hairs:  capsule  emeri^ent  or 
subeiiK'rL;"ent,  broadly  ovate,  decurrent  into  a  sliort  neck,  faintly 
S-striate,  pale  yellow  when  youiiij^,  reddish  brown  when  old, 
truncate  when  dry  or  slightly  constricted  in  the  middle,  8- 
ribbed  in  the  upper  part  only;  lid  convex,  sliort-beaked  ;  teefji 
Hi,  in  pairs,  lonuf,  close,  distantly  punctate,  often  perforated 
alonu"  the  dividinj^  line,  ])alo  yellow,  erect  wlien  dry ;  cilia 
stout,  of  a  (b)ublu  series  of  cells,  nearly  as  long  as  the  teeth, 
yellowish.  —  Schwaegr.  Sui>pl.  i.  2.  27,  t.  53  ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  217. 

Il.vn.  On  rocks,  Yoscmito  Valley  (Bolandcr);  Nevada  (Watson)', 
Colorado  ( II'o//ct  Hothrock). 

Tlio  species  varies  in  its  more  or  loss  loose  or  compact  tufts,  the  stems 
sliort  or  elongated,  and  the  calyptra  more  or  less  villous.  It  has  the  same 
appearance  as  O.  Sturmii  and  O.  Tcxanum,  the  characters  of  the  peri- 
stome essentially  separating  the  species. 

8.  O.  Bolanderi,  Sulliv.  Plants  shorter,  ccspitose,  black- 
ish green  :  leaves  closely  ind)ricate,  recurved-sj)reading  when 
nioist,  oblong-lanceolate,  blunt  at  the  apex;  borders  reHexed  at 
the  base  only;  upper  areolation  round,  angular  or  square, 
bistromatic,  slightly  papillose,  loose  and  elongated-oval  toward 
the  base :  calyptra  liairy :  capsule  half-emergent,  oblong-oval, 
8-eostate    under    the    orifice,   short-pcdicelled    and    obscurely 


W$ 


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Eli 


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^ 


168 


B?tYACE^. 


[Orthotrlchum. 


necked ;  lid  rostelhite ;  tooth  10,  geminate,  long-lanooolate, 
transversely  densely  i)unctulate,  lineolate,  veflexed  when  dry; 
cilia  S,  robust,  as  k)iig  as  the  teeth,  of  u  double  row  of  punctate 
cells.  —  Icon.  ^lusc.  Suppl.  (34,  t.  40. 

IlAii.     On  rocks,  f'alifoniia  {liolandcr). 

Allied  to  th".  hist,  (litt'cring  ossentially  In  tlio  teeth  of  the  peristome,  the 
lo;igcr  capsule,  the  bistroniatic  cells  of  the  leaves,  etc. 

0.  O.  Watsoni,  James.  Plants  loosely  cespitoso,  green, 
yellowish  below;  stem  simple  or  rarely  divided:  leaves  soft, 
open,  retloxed  when  moist,  lanceolate  from  the  more  enlarged 
erect  base;  borders  rcvolute  all  around;  uj)per  arec^lation  with 
long  bifurcate  papilhe :  calyj)tra  moderately  hairy:  cajtsule 
short-pedicellate,  emergent,  oval,  without  a  Tieck,  distinctly  cos- 
tate  when  dry,  and  constricted  under  the  broad  oritice;  lid 
short-beake<l ;  teeth  smooth,  distantly  articulate,  closely  con- 
luite  in  ])airs,  yellowish  white  ;  cilia  stout,  of  a  double  ]-ow  of 
cells,  ])unctate.  —  Dot.  King  Exj).  401  ;  SuUiv.  1.  c.  To,  t.  54. 

IlAis.  Damp  shaded  rocks,  AVest  Humboldt  Mountains,  Xovada,  at 
5,5U0  feet  altitude  (  Watson). 

Allied  to  ().  Tcatnam,  differing  in  its  color,  in  the  broader,  softer, 
more  rcliexed  leaves,  the  long  forked  papilhe,  the  peristome,  etc. 

10.  O.  aflBne,  Schrad.  Tufts  loose,  dark  green :  leaves 
ojien  or  slightly  recurved,  lanceolate-acuminate,  very  })apillose; 
borders  retlexed  all  around:  calyi)tra  conical-mitrate,  greenish, 
with  few  spare  short  hairs,  covering  nearly  the  whole  sporan- 
gium :  ca}»sule  of  a  thin  tissue,  emergent,  narrowly  oval,  de- 
fluent  into  a  coUum  nearly  as  long  as  the  sporangium  and 
covering  the  pedicel  at  its  base,  sulcate  and  elongated  when 
dry,  jiale  yellow,  its  stride  slightly  darker-colored  ;  lid  convex, 
rostellate,  ]>ale  yellow  ;  teeth  bigeminate,  sometimes  split  along 
the  divisural  line,  ])ale  yellow ;  cilia  8,  filiform,  as  long  as  the 
teeth.  —  S])ic.  Fl.  Germ.  07  ;  Bryol,  ICur.  t.  210. 

IIau.     Trunks  of  trees,  Lake  Superior  {Af/assiz). 

The  species  is  easily  confounded  v.-ith  the  following,  though  very  dis- 
tinct in  its  nearly  nakod  calyptra,  its  smaller  size,  shorter  pedicel,  etc. 

11.  O.  alpestre,  Ilornsch.  Tufts  compact,  brownish 
green  :  leaves  lanceolate,  deei»ly  carinate,  revolute  and  minutely 
crenulate  on  the  borders;  u])pt'r  areolation  minutely  jumctate, 
papillose,  loose,  linear  or  equilateral,  partly  chIon)])hyllose  at 
base:  calvptra  nearly  smooth,  coverinij:  three-fourths  of  the 
capsule,  pale   yellow,  ttirning  blackish  at   the  apex :   ca])sule 


Orthoti'ichwn.] 


BRYACE.^. 


169 


emergent,  oval  or  sliglitly  obovate,  broadly  striate,  urecolatc 
when  empty  and  dry  ;  teeth  connate  in  i)airs,  j)erl'orated  at  the 
apex,  ]»unetate;  cilia  as  long  as  tlie  teeth.  —  Scliinip.  Ooroll. 
42;  Bryol.  Em.  t.  21:3. 

Var.  majas.  i^Iore  robust,  glaucous  green:  leaves  broader, 
reflexed  on  the  borders;  cells  with  longer  simjtle  or  double 
papilhe:  teeth  longer,  entire,  minutely  punctate. —  0.  aJpeatre^ 
var.,  Sulliv.  Icon.  Muse.  Suppl.  09,  t.  51.  0.  occidentale,  James, 
Bot.  King  Exp.  402. 

TIau.  Upper  Canada,  to  the  Rocky  Mountains  {Drimimond)]  Utah, 
{Watsim). 

12.  O.  Speciosum,  Xic^  Plants  longer  than  in  the  last, 
yellowish  green:  leaves  cl(»se,  open,  recurved  when  nutist, 
densely  verrucose,  long-lanceolate,  comi)licate  in  the  u]>per 
],art  ;  boi-ders  revolute  all  around  :  calyptra  large,  campaiuilate, 
covering  nearly  the  whole  capsule,  densely  covered  with  yellow 
flexuous  hairs:  capsule  thin,  cylindrical-oblong,  ])alo  yellow, 
narrowed  into  a  short  collum  and  comparatively  long-i)edicelled, 
generally  emergent,  smooth  when  em])ty  or  merely  narrowly 
costate  near  the  orifice,  obscurely  8-])licate  when  dry;  teeth 
bigeminate,  ])erforated  at  the  apex  ;  cilia  generally  8,  rarely  10, 
yellowish,  densely  }»aj»illosc,  more  or  less  sinuous,  com])osed  of 
two  ro^vs  of  large  cells.  —  Sturm,  Deutsch.  Fl,  ii.  17;  Bryol. 
Eur.  t.  217.  0.  ch'f/a/is,  Schwaegr. ;  liichards.  Frankl.  Narr. 
A]»p.  28;  written,  Journ.  Linn.  Soc.  viii.  24. 

Var.  polycarpum.  Stem-leaves  very  short,  erect,  ap- 
pressed,  dai'k  green,  most  of  them  with  male  flowers  in  the 
axils;  comal  leaves  longer:  calyptra  dark  brown,  deej)ly  pli- 
cate, slitrhtlv  hairy. 

Var.  Raui.  Stems  shorter :  capsule  exsertcd  on  a  longer 
pedicel ;  teeth  pellucid,  distinctly  articulate ;  cilia  longer 
(always?)  than  the  teeth. —  ('.  Jiauei\  Austin,  Bull.  Torr. 
Club,  vi.  843. 

IIaij.  Trunks  of  trees;  ])lains  and  mountains.  Widely  distributed 
and  extrciiiely  variable;  the  varieties  in  tlie  mountains  of  Colorado  (Hull, 
lirundc'jcc). 

O.  il('(ja)is,  Srhwaeijr.,  is  one  of  the  nunioin  .-;  varieties  of  this  species, 
differinii  from  tlie  normal  C'jiin  in  the  smooth  capsule  and  the  stems  more 
slender  and  shorter.  O.  llniiiffthi',  Aiist.  I.  c.  ;U;^,  is  another  form  of  it, 
dilferitip;  merely  in  tlie  short  and  less  nnnu'rons  hair--  of  the  eapside.  Tlio 
speeimens  were  collictcd  on  roeks  in  ^'nlora(hj  by  Mrs.  Mary  P.  Haines, 
We  have  seen  no  specimens  of  var.  iiaui. 


f 


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W 


il^lW.-i?.*:  .■¥— . 


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t 


170 


BRYACE^E. 


[Or</io<rtc/m?n. 


-t 


13.  O.  Hallii,  Sulliv.  &  Lcsq.  Plants  small,  loosely  ccspi- 
tose;  slo.ns  siTn])le,  divided  l)y  basilar  iiiiiovations:  leaves 
spreading,  linear-lanceolate,  Ijlunt  at  the  apex  ;  borders  revo- 
lute  from  the  base  to  the  middle ;  upper  areolation  dense,  with 
round  papillose  cells;  i)ericha!tial  leaves  similar:  calyptra  large, 
slin'htly  hairy,  covering  the  capsule  to  its  base :  ca])side  sub- 
im.nK'ised,  oval,  on  a  short  thick  ])edicel  entirely  coveret-  ))y  the 
tube  of  the  vaginule,  distinctly  8-costate  when  dry  and  slightly 
contracted  under  the  orifice;  lid  conical,  apiculate;  teeth 
whitish,  in  pairs,  vermiculose  ;  cilia  shorter,  slender,  fugacious. 
—  Suliiv.  Fcon.  3Iusc.  Supj)!.  G8,  t.  45. 

II AB.     On  trees;  Rocky  Mountains  {K.  Hull), 

14.  0.  SOrdidum,  Suliiv.  &  Lesq.  Plants  short,  loosely 
ces{)itose,  brownish  green:  leaves  close,  spreading,  the  u]'])cr 
open,  erect,  lingulatc-lanceolate,  gradually  narrowed  to  the 
apex,  retlexed  or  rcvolute  on  the  borders,  irregularly  <juadi-ato- 
areolatc  and  ])ai)illosc  in  the  upper  part ;  basilar  cells  (puid- 
rangular,  longer  and  linear  near  the  costa:  ca]y])tra  slightly 
villous:  cai»sule  innneivsed,  obovate,  delluent  f'-om  a  slightly  in- 
flated short  coUum  to  a  short  pedicel,  plicate-costate  when  dry, 
enlarged  at  the  oriiice  ;  lid  convex,  short-beaked  ;  teeth  bigemi- 
nate,  broadly  i)erforate  from  the  middl  >  upward  along  the 
dividing  line  ;  cilia  8,  smooth,  nearly  as  long  as  the  teeth,  of  a 
double  row  of  cells,  enlarged  at  base.  —  Aust.  Muse.  Ajjpal. 
n.  1G8  ;  Suliiv.  Icon.  Muse.  Su])pl.  G7,  t.  49. 

IIau.  On  trees,  generally  in  wooded  swamps;  Massachusetts  (Lcsquc- 
reux,  JdDU's);  New  York  {An.-idn). 

15.  O.  Kingianum,  Lesq.  With  the  aspect  of  0.  IcGvi- 
(/atio/),  from  which  it  differs  in  the  leaves  mendy  retlexed  on 
the  borders,  not  rcvolute,  with  the  basal  areolation  longer  aiul 
narrower,  the  calyptra  with  thin  scattered  hairs,  the  cajisulo 
scarcely  emergent  on  a  shorter  ]iedicel,  longer,  cylindrical  when 
empty,  the  j)eristome  double,  the  limer  of  8  stout  cilia,  com- 
posed of  a  double  series  of  cells.  —  Mem.  Calif.  Acad.  i.  18; 
Suliiv.  Icon.  Muse.  Suppl.  74,  t.  55. 

Hab.     On  rocks,  near  the  Falls  of  the  Yosemito  (liolander), 

*  *  *  Plants  small,  one  cm.  long,  or  less. 

16.  O.  Ohioense,  Suliiv.  &  Lesq.  I'lants  more  or  less 
widely  ccspitose,  yellowish  green  above,  dirty  brown  Avithin ; 


Orthotrichuin.] 


BRYACE.E. 


171 


stems  ;il)()tit  Olio  cm.  long,  braneliiiig  by  innovations  :  loaves 
close,  spruiiding  when  moist,  oblonj^  at  base,  lanceolate,  blunt 
at  the  ajiex,  revolute  on  the  bonlers,  smooth  on  both  faces; 
areolation  distinct,  the  ui)i)er  cells  small,  round,  the  lower 
lari^er,  (juadrani^'ular  near  the  border,  gradually  longer  toward 
the  costa  :  calyjttra  more  or  less  hairy  :  ca|)sule  oljlong-ovate, 
very  shtn-tly  j)e(licellate,  immersed,  slightly  inflated  at  the 
collum,  iletluent  into  the  vaginule,  pale  yellow,  jiyriform-cam- 
panulate  and  distinctly  8-striate  when  dry  and  rmpty  ;  teeth  .'^, 
bigeminate,  thickly  jnmctulate;  articulations  distant,  5  to  7; 
cilia  shorter  than  the  teeth,  of  a  double  row  of  cells.  —  !Musc. 
Am.-Bor.  Exsicc,  ed.  li,  n.  ISI ;  SuUiv.  Icon.  Muse.  Suppl.  0(3, 
t.  48.  O.  Caiuulense,  Sulliv.  &  Lcsq.  Muse.  13or.-Am.  n.  I'Jl; 
ISulli\ .  Mosses  of  U.  States,  ;J4. 

Var.  citrinum.  Leaves  dark  green,  narrower:  capside  thin, 
yellow. —  O.  cUri/ixm,  Aust.,  Muse.  Appal,  n.  170. 

IlAli.     On  treos;  Ohio  and  MiiMlo  Statt's,  coininon. 

Kc.'scnib'u'.s  the  two  following  hpticies,  but  it  is  ;i  little  larger  and  easily 
known  by  the  straw-colored  capsule  not  constricted  under  the  orilioe,  the 
whitish  calyptra,  and  the  dirty  reddish  tet;lh. 

O.  Canadense,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  (Lond.  Journ.  Bot.  ii.  0(57),  bascil 
on  Drunun.  ^Iiisc,  Ainer.  n.  14'.)  and  151,  is  not  recognizable  among  the 
specimens  in  our  sets  of  Drununond's  mosses,  and  remains  a  doubtful 
species.  It  is  characterized  as  dilfering  from  O.  pulcns  in  its  smaller  cap- 
sules, longer  pedicels,  and  rusty  red-colored  teeth. 

17.  O.  fallax,  Schimj).  IMants  very  small :  leaves  oblong 
to  above  the  middle,  lanceolate  to  a  sharjdy  acute  point ;  cells 
of  the  ujtper  areolation  rotnid,  iiiHated,  the  basilar  broadly 
rectangular,  sinuous ;  pericluetial  leaves  shorter :  calyptra  nearly 
naked,  broadly  eami)anulate :  caj)sule  immersed,  subglt;bosc 
with  a  short  neck,  abru[)tly  enlarged  from  the  base  and  truncate- 
oblong  when  dry,  marked  v»'ith  8  orange-colored  stria^ ;  teeth 
8,  bigeminate,  not  easily  se})arating,  yellowish,  retlexed  when 
dry;  cilia  8,  short,  whitish  yellow,  of  simi)le  cells  or  of  a  double 
row  of  cells  near  the  base  only.  —  Syn.  '2(\i.  0.  piunihim^ 
Schwaegr.  Sup})l.  i.  2.  22,  t.  50,  in  j)art  (figs.  0,  11);  Bryol. 
Em-,  t.  211. 

Var.  truncatulum,  Aust.  Capstdo  narrower,  oblong,  cy- 
lindrical when  dry;  cilia  as  long  as  the  teeth.  —  Bull.  Torr. 
Club,  vi.  344. 

IIab.    The  variety  at  the  base  of  old  buildings,  Illinois  {UaU)\  rare. 


4 


t.  f 


■Si 


dm. 


I  -1 1 


M 


III  '  I ' 


■fc  i 


?:r'- jif' 


j^ 


•^ 


172 


BRYACE^. 


[OrtJtotrichum. 


18.  O.  brachytrichum,  Sdiimp.  Plants  short,  al)out  one 
cm.  loni;-,  in  j)alt'  giTt-n  tufts,  blackisli  and  streaked  Avith  yellow 
when  old;  leav  .s  oblong-lanceohite,  the  u])per  longer,  linear- 
apieulate,  acutely  earinate,  subrevolute  or  reflexed  on  the  bor- 
ders :  male  flowers  terminal  on  se[»arate  branches  :  ealyj)tra  j)ale 
straw-color,  bearing  a  few  short  hairs  at  the  a])ex :  capsule  thin, 
oblong,  subcylindrical  in  connection  with  a  somewhat  long 
collum,  light  brown  passing  to  yellow,  with  8  dark-colored  stria', 
ribl>ed  when  dry;  teeth  8,  small,  bigeminate,  entire,  with  large 
j>unctulate  areoles ;  cilia  8,  smooth,  as  long  as  the  teeth.  —  Les«j. 
&  James,  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xiv.  14U.  O,  obtusi/oUtaji,  Drumm. 
Muse.  Amer,  n.  157. 

llAiJ.     On  trees;  Upper  Canada  to  tlie  Kocky  Mountains  {Drununond). 

19.  O.  StrangU latum,  P»eauv.  Plants  very  small,  in  small 
loose  dirty  gri'cn  tufts,  half  a  cm.  long:  leaves  half-spreading 
when  moist,  linear-lanceolate  from  an  oblong  base,  angularly 
j)oin(ed  or  blunt  at  the  apex,  revolute  on  the  borders;  upper 
areolation  round,  small,  close,  slightly  papillose,  long  and  (puid- 
rangular  toward  the  base;  pericluL'tial  leaves  long<'i',  erect, 
somewhat  sheathing:  calyptra  nearly  naked:  ca])sule  short- 
pi'dicelled,  half-enjergent,  oblong-obovate,  distinctly  S-costate 
when  dry,  strongly  constricted  under  the  orifice,  dirty  brown 
when  old;  lid  conical,  obtusely  apiculate;  teeth  8,  bigeminate, 
dirly  yellow,  granulose,  reflexed  when  dry ;  cilia  strong,  as  long  as 
the  teeth,  formed  of  a  double  row  of  cells.  —  Prod.  81 ;  Schwaegr. 
Snpj.I.  ii.  2.  ;];],  t.  54;  Sulliv.  :\rusc.  AUegh.  n.  128,  Mosses  of  U. 
States,  Sn,  and  Icon.  :\Iuse.  57,  t.  3G. 

IIah.     On  trees,  rarely  on  rocks;  very  common. 

#  i;:  ^-.  *   Cajysule  cxserted,  long-cyUndrical  when  dry. 

20.  O.  tenellum,  Bruch.  Plants  very  small,  tufted  :  lower 
leaves  broadly  lanceolate,  the  up])er  longer-lanceolate,  revolute 
on  the  borders,  acute  or  blunt;  areolation  large,  not  ])a])illoso: 
caly])tra  long  antl  narrow,  yellowish  green,  rarely  pilose :  capsule 
emergent,  oblong-cylindrical,  decurrent  to  a  long  collum  cover- 
ing the  whole  length  of  the  ])edicel,  broadly  reddish-striate, 
broadly  costate  an<l  constricted  under  the  orifice  when  dry  '^'id 
empty;  lid  short;  peristome  short,  the  teeth  bigeminus  %  biiid 
at  the  apex,  jiale ;  cilia  a  little  shorter,  of  a  double  seric  of 
cells.  — Brid.  Bryol.  Univ.  i.  78G ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  L'li'. 


Orthotrlchum.] 


BRYACE.E. 


173 


ITab.  On  trees,  at  the  base  of  the  Kocivy  Mountains  {E.  Hall,  Wolf 
ik  liothrock). 

21.  O.  COnsimile,  Mitt.  Plants  very  small,  in  loose  yel- 
lowish green  tufts :  h.'aves  o]>('n,  recurved  when  moist,  soft, 
ol^long  at  base,  gradually  narnnvly  'anceolate,  with  borders 
revolutc  all  around,  obscurely  papillose  ;  cells  rectangular,  nearly 
dia])hanous  toward  the  base,  round  and  small  in  the  uj)pi'r  ])art: 
calyptra  with  few  hairs:  caj)sule  without  ci)llum,  oval,  exserted 
upon  a  pedicel  longer  than  the  capsule,  marked  with  8  yellow 
striic,  narrow,  subllnear,  enlarged  at  the  orilice  or  urceolate  and 
S-plicate  when  dry;  lid  red-margined,  convex-apiculate ;  teeth 
11),  joined  in  pairs  .it  the  base,  with  7  or  8  articulations,  ])alo 
yellow,  minutely  pn])illose  on  both  faces;  cilia  8,  as  long  as  the 
teetli,  enlarged  at  base,  smooth.  —  Journ.  Linn.  Soc.  viii.  2-4; 
Sulliv.  Icon.  Muse.  Su]i])l.  50,  t.  43. 

IIac.     Vancouver  Island  (Lyall). 

Allicil  to  O.  pulcliellnin,  difYcring  ospooiallj'  in  the  shorter  and  broader 
capside,  the  teeth  papiUose,  not  venniculale,  tlie  cilia  only  8,  entirely 
smooth,  and  the  leaves  uniformly  papillose.  From  ().  cyluKlrocaypnui  it 
is  distinguished  by  its  shorter  capsule  and  somewhat  longer  pedicel,  and 
by  the  soft  longer  taper-pointed  leaves. 

22.  O.  cylindrocarpum,  Losn.  Plants  short,  slender, 
loosely  ])ulvinate,  dark  green  :  leaves  ap]>ressed  when  dry,  erect 
when  moist,  long-lanceolate  from  the  enlarged  base,  blunt- 
pointed  ;  borders  revolutc  to  near  the  ajiex  ;  ui)j)er  areolation 
in  dense  ovate-quadrate  minutely  papillose  cells,  basal  loose, 
oblong  and  (piadrate  :  calyptra  large,  more  or  less  hairy,  covering 
the  capsule  to  near  the  base:  capsule  long-})edicelle(l,  cylindrical 
or  nan-owly  oval,  \ya\q  green  or  yellowish,  8-striate,  narrowly 
8-costate  when  em])ty ;  lid  conical-apiculate ;  teeth  1(>,  close,  in 
pairs,  granulose;  cilia  8,  stout,  of  a  d(Mible  series  of  cells, 
nearly  as  long  as  the  teeth.  —  Trj'.ns.  ^Vmer.  Phil.  Soc.  xiii.  (5,  and 
Proc.  Calif.  Acad.  i.  17;  Sulliv,  Icon.  ]>ruse.  Sup|)l.  70,  t.  xt'l. 

IIah.     Eoeks  and  trees,  Oakland  and  Dardanelles  ("anon  ( liolauiirr). 

O.  Coultert,  ^Mitten  (.Journ.  Linn.  Soc.  viii.  20),  differing  in  the  leaves 
a  little  more  distinctly  papillose,  tht>  ealyptra  covered  with  short  appressed 
hairs,  and  the  cilia  shorter  than  the  tt'(Mli.  is  evidently  a  mere  variety.  As 
sliown  in  Snliivant's  figure,  Uw.  hairs  uf  the  calyptra  are  always  appressed, 
and  the  cilia  slightly  shorter  than  the  teeth,  though  sometimes  as  long. 
This  form  was  sent  from  California  by  Conltcr. 

2'{.  O.  psilocarpum,  James.  Plants  tninute,  cespitulose, 
blackish  green;  stems  about  5  n).m.  long:  lower  leaves  gradii- 


1^ 


f*il 


y- 


li 


174 


BRYACE^. 


[Orlhotrichiim. 


1  T  I     ■ 


''  (I 


SHI  V("^  ''     I      '^ 


A 


ally  longer  from  theLasc  npwanl,  ol)long-lanccolate,  .  ''ifulatoat 
tliu  blunt  aj)cx,  the  borders  revolute;  areolation  comparatively 
loose,  the  ujiper  cells  round,  granulosa  and  minutely  paj)ill(jse, 
the  lower  cpiadrate  near  the  borders,  quadrangular-oblong  near 
the  costa:  caly])tra  large,  naked:  capsule  subimmersed,  broadly 
oval  or  globose,  cylindrical-oblong  when  empty,  thin,  with  a  thin 
whitish  e})iearp,  not  striate  nor  plicate;  lid  ])lano-conve.\',  obtuse ; 
teeth  10,  geminate,  granulose ;  cilia  8,  short,  very  slender. — 
Trans.  Amer.  Phil.  Soc.  xiii.  110;  Sulliv.  &  Lesq.  Muse.  Bor.- 
Am.  Exsicc,  cd.  2,  n.  180 ;  Sulliv.  Icon.  Muse.  Suppl.  08,  t.  50. 
0. pnsilban^  iNIitt.  Journ.  Tjinii.  Soc.  viii.  25? 

IIai!.  Poniisylvania,  on  poplars,  and  Massachusetts  {Jamcs)\  South 
Carolina  (Unrcnd).     Early  sprinc;. 

A  very  fino  distinct  species.  O.  pnsillum,  Mitt.,  is  descrihed  as  having 
the  capsule  8-plicate  when  dry.  This  does  not  agree  with  tlie  characters 
of  O.  ps!lorar])ui)i,  but  specimens  comnuniicatcd  by  the  author  do  not 
differ.  Specimens  of  O.  psilocarpnm,  with  a  description,  were  distributed 
by  James  as  early  as  1S58. 

2i.  O.  exiguum,  Sidliv.  Plants  extremely  small,  in  loose 
dark  green  tufts;  steins  five  m.m.  long,  simple  or  fastigiate- 
branching:  leaves  linear-oblong,  obtusely  acuminate,  open,  erect, 
slightly  recurved  on  the  borders,  punctiform-areolate  ami  mi- 
nutely ]ia])illose  in  the  upper  part;  basilar  cells  loose,  quadran- 
gular or  (piadrate-oblong :  flowers  dicecious;  male  i)lants  gemmi- 
form,  terminal  in  smaller  plants  than  the  fertile  :  calyptra  naked, 
or  rarely  with  a  few  appressed  hairs:  capsule  subimmersed, 
oblong-oval,  broadly  and  obscurely  costate,  truncate  at  the 
broad  orifice;  lid  hemisj)herical-ai)iculate;  peristome  d<nib]e, 
the  outer  of  10  geminate  teeth,  the  inner  of  8  lanceolate  cilia, 
broader  than  the  teeth,  white,  punctulate,  composed  of  a  double 
series  of  cells.  —  Mosses  of  U.  States,  33,  and  Icon.  Muse.  55, 
t.  35. 

II An.    TJase  of  trees,  Santce  Canal,  South  Carolina  [liavenel). 

*****  Outer  perifitoinc  of  10  tcet/i,  the  inner  of  S  or  16 
cilia  ;  capsule  not  ribbed^  smooth  when  dry:  pkDits  large: 
Jhncers  rnona'cious. 

25.  O.  leiocarpum,  Pjruch  &  Schimp.  Plants  of  medium 
size,  loosely  fasciculate,  cesjiitose  :  leaves  open,  recurved  when 
moist,  ovate  at  base,  long-lanceolate  above,  the  borders  revo- 
lute,  and  sm-face  papillose:  calyptra  campanulate,  with  few 
hairs:  ca2)sule  short-pedicellate,  immersed,  its  collum  detluent 


Orthotrichum.] 


CnYACE.E. 


175 


to  the  sliort-iiakod  vaglmile,  ovate,  soft,  pale  yellow,  smooth 
wlien  empty  and  slightly  contracted  under  the  orifice;  teeth 
linear,  sejtarating  along  the  dividing  line  or  hilid,  revolute  when 
dry;  eiliti  10,  deeply  erose,  i)iinctnlate,  yellow.  —  Bryol.  Eur. 
t.  220.  O.  strk(t(()n,  Iledw.  Muse.  Frond,  ii.  {)[),  t.  oO,  in  part 
(fig.  9).     0.  Jior/eri,  SuUiv.  Mosses  of  IT.  States,  n:i 

II An.  On  treos  in  the  woods.  Upper  Canada  (Dnuninund);  Lake 
Superior  (A'jaftsiz).     Very  rare  in  America. 

20.  O.  pallens,  Brueh.  I'lants  in  soft  pale  green  tufts: 
leaves  soft,  ohlong  and  long-lanceolate,  blunt  or  acuminate,  the 
borders  revolute  in  the  middle,  slightly  recurved  at  tlie  l)aso 
and  a]»ex  ;  areolatiou  papilh^se:  calyptra  conical-cam])anulate, 
])ale,  naked:  capsule  oblong,  with  a  collum  as  long  as  the 
s])orangium,  yellowish,  broadly  darker-striate  ;  cilia  10,  some- 
times o,  -ellowish,  very  thin,  as  long  as  the  dark  yellow  teeth. 
—  Jlrid.  *15ryol.  Univ.  i.  7SS  ;  ]]ryol.  Eur.  t.  218.  O.  J!of/cri, 
Brid. ;  Schwaegr.  Suppl.  i.  2.  10,  t.  53;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  212,  and 
Sui>pl.  t.  8. 

IIab.     lioclc  Eiver,  British  Columbia  (Lyall). 

Tliis  species  is  quoted  by  Mitten  (Journ.  Linn.  Soc.  viii.  23),  but  we 
liave  seen  no  American  specimens. 

#*#*#:)(:   Capsule  ribbed:  2>h()its  smull. 

27.  O.  pulchellum,  Bmnton.  Plants  in  small  loose  irregu- 
lar tufts,  ])ale  green  :  leaves  oj)en,  flexuous  when  moist,  ciu-ved 
or  slightly  cris])ate  when  dry,  soft,  linear-lanceolate  from  a 
slightly  enlarged  ovate  base,  acuminate  ;  borders  rcflcxcd  in  the 
lower  part,  ])lanc  above;  areolatiou  very  minutely  punctii'orm 
and  papillose  in  the  u})perpart,  loose,  pale  and  smooth  towMi'd 
the  ])ase  :  calyj)tra  campanulate,  naked,  i»ale  yellow,  brownish 
at  aj)ex  :  caj)sule  small,  oblong,  short-necked,  thin,  yellowish, 
exserted  on  a  somewhat  long  pedicel,  twisted  to  the  left  when 
(hy,  cylindrical,  somewhat  costate  and  constricted  uinlei*  the 
brown  orifice  when  old  ;  teeth  long,  approximate  in  ])aii-s,  rc- 
ilexed  when  dry,  dark  orange;  cilia  1(»,  comi)osed  of  a  single 
series  of  cells  here  and  there  ap))endiculate,  ferruginous.  —  Smith, 
Engl.  liot.  t.  1787  ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  223. 

Var.  longipes,  Sulliv.  IV'dicel  a  little  longer :  teeth  and 
cilia  generally  10. 

Had.     Oregon  (IldU);  Coal  Ilaibor,  Alaska  {Hnrrhififon). 

O.  Columfilcuin,  Mitten  (Jouni.  Linn.  !Soc.  viii,  2-t),  is  accordiu;:;  to 
SuUivant's  note  iu  his  herbarium  a  variety  willi   sliorLer  pcricluetial 


■Ji  |: 


•   I 


y 


If 


'.If. 


ml 


/( 


M 


ii 
i' 


Hii 


^t 


ii 


176 


1]UYACE-E. 


[Orlhulrichum. 


leaves,  the  mrilo   flowers  on  short  terminal  branches,  the  capsule  sub- 
cxsitUm]  on  a  short  pedicel,  and  the  teeth  and  cilia  8. 

28.  O.  diaphanum,  Scln-ad.  Plants  smnll,  soft,  in  irregu- 
lar loose  oftc'ii  scattcrLMl  briiilit  grcoii  tut'ts  :  leaves  ereet,  ol)lonff- 
lanceolate,  narrowed  ii'to  a  lanceolate  serrate  liyalino  i)oint, 
borders  rellexed :  calyj)tra  tliin,  naked  or  with  a  few  hairs: 
capsule  immersed,  thin,  oblong,  short-necked,  pale  yellow, 
obsoletely  sti'iate  and  nearly  smooth  when  dry;  teeth  equi- 
distant, linear-lanceolate,  pale  yellow,  reflexcd  Avhen  dry;  cilia 
10,  filiform,  of  a  simple  row  of  cells.  —  S2)icil.  Fl.  Germ.  GO; 
Bryol.  Eur.  t.  "J  11). 

Hah.     San  Marcos,  Texas  (Wright). 

20.  O.  canum,  ^Mitten.  Much  like  the  last,  differing  in 
the  shorter  fragile  hyaline  j)oint  of  the  leaves,  the  longer  calyp- 
tra  beset  with  short  hairs  and  co\ering  nearly  the  whole  ca]> 
sule,  the  capsule  emergent,  the  teeth  bigeminate,  and  the  cilia 
comi)Osed  of  a  double  row  of  cells.  The  author  remarks 
that  in  a])pearance  it  is  like  0.  j^ymilum.  —  Journ.  l^inn.  Soc. 

viii.  *2(). 

IIai!.     British  America  {Drummond);  San  Marcos,  Texas  {Wright)  ? 

We  liave  not  found  in  Drnmmond's  mosses  any  specimen  representing 
this  species.  A  note  in  Sullivant's  herbarium  states  "  tliat  tlie  parcel 
witli  \\'riglit's  specimens  has  two  forms,  one  referable  by  its  foliage  to 
O.  didphanuin,  the  other  appears  to  be  O.  canum,  Mitten."  Tliis  obser- 
vation is  confirmed  by  dissection,  except  that  the  calyptra  of  this  sup- 
posed O.  cdnniii  is  without  hairs. 

****#■**  Leaves  obtuse. 

80.  O.  rivulare,  Turn.  ]\[on{Dcious :  plants  long,  pros- 
trate, jKiulent,  often  floating,  naked  and  simj)le  below,  fascicu- 
lately  ramose  ami  densely  foliate  in  the  upjier  part,  blackish : 
lower  U>aves  distant,  ovate-lanceolate,  the  n))per  close,  lingulate, 
obtuse,  smooth  and  revolute  on  the  borders  ;  upjier  areolation 
punctit'orm,  the  lower  narrowly  rectangular:  calyjttra  cam- 
panulate,  entirely  naked,  blackish  :  capsule  short-]»edicellatP, 
ovate,  its  collum  shorter  than  the  sporangium,  yellow,  with 
darker  stria^,  slightly  contracted  below  the  apex  and  costate  its 
whole  length  when  dry  ;  cilia  8,  somewhat  longer,  and  8  shorter 
than  the  orange  teeth,  hyaline,  curving  upward.  —  Muse.  Hib. 
00,  t.  8  ;  Bryoh  Eur.  t.  210. 

f  Jai?.  On  roots  of  trees  and  ])osts  in  water,  Anderson  Valley,  Cali- 
foniia,  couunon  {Bidandcr);  Oregon  lllall);  etc. 


Orlltotr'ufiiDn.] 


IJUYACn.E. 


177 


11.  O.  obtusifolium,  Sclir;i<l.     Dld-cious 


.lant 


S    SIllM 


11, 


iiTi'i;'iil;irly  jMilviiiah',  jniK'  t^i-i'cn  or  yellowish  iibovc,  brown  \>o- 
low:  leaves  lialf-spreadiiii;  iVoiii  the  iiiiiMle  when  moist,  imbri- 
cate when  <li-y,  o\al,  ohloiiix-ohtnse  and  slin'hlly  scri'iilate  at  the 
hyaline  ajx'x,  concave,  |iapilIose  on  the  hack;  jterich.'utial  leaves 
smaller,  sheathins^  :  calypti-a  coverinuj  the  capsule  to  the  iniihlN', 


)t  I 


not  nau'v, 


hu 


t  ronixli  and  (larker-colorcd  at  thea|)e\:  capsule  on        _j 


;i  very  short  jiedicel,  innnerse<l,  oval,  with  a  lou'^  ilelluent  colluiii 
yellowish,  with  8  dai'ker  striic,  fnri'owed  its  whole  length  when 
dry;  lid  conical,  acuminate;  teeth  H,  hin-eminati',  rellexeil  when 
di-y,  vcrmiculose,  j!a])i!Ios'.'  on  the  outside,  pale  oran^i'  cnhu-; 
cilia  8,  yellow,  nearly  as  h  oad  as  the  teetii,  of  two  seri(  s  of  (h-IIs. 
—  Swartz,  Muse.  Suec.  00,  \.  4;  IJryol.  Kur.  t.  •Ji)8.  ().  i:oj>ri  (V;, 
SuHi\'.  iV'  !.es(|.  Muse,  Hoi'.-  Vm.  Exsicc.  ed.  "J,  n.  17  1. 

IlAii.  ISi'itish  Aj)iorica  { l>i'ii.'iiii()n<l);  on  i>oiil,ir  trees  iieai-  Klh;!.  in 
tlie  Ailiroiulacks  (L('S(ji(er(ii.r) ;  I'eiuisylviuiiii  (./((//(tn)  ;  ( )Mt;iiii)  (  Mnroini). 

w2.  O.  Jamesianum,  Sulliv.  .Moud'cious:  plants  small, 
loosely  luilvinate,  pale  green  wlien  moi<t  :  lea\'cs  ohlong  or 
ohloni^danceolatc,    t»l)tuse,    re\dlute    (»n    the    borders,    strongly 


plane  on  the  b-irdci's,  jtapillose  ainl  l>eset  on  the  sm'taee  w  ith 
clavatc  brown  flensely  articulate  filaments  :  male  plants  smaller : 
caly])tra  ])ilose,  large,  covering  tlic  whole  capsule:  caiisulo 
emergent,  ovate,  its  collum  as  long  as  the  sjiorangium,  striate, 
yellowish  brown,  much  elongated  and  deeply  sulcate  when  dry 


-A 


pajiillose  :  ealyptra  witii  some  hairs:  capsule  mnnerscd,  pyri- 
form,  short-pedicellate  and  shoi-t-necked,  8-costate  when  <h-y 
and  constricteil  under  the  broad  orilice  ;  ])eristome  simple,  of 
1<)  distinct  teeth,  vermiculate  transversely  below  the  middU; 
and  lengthwise  above.  —  James,  Jjot.  King  Exp.  401;  Sulliv. 
Icon.  ]\Iusc.  Suppl.  71,  t.  .">;{. 

IIaij.  Oil  liuK'stoiic  rocks,  JCast  Humbolilt  Moui.tahis,  Nevada  (Wat- 
son):, Fort  St.  .laiiuvs,  IJritish  Coluiiibia  (Maroun). 

A  vory  'listiii't  species,  easily  disliii'^^uished  from  tlie  ]ireoeiliii':;  by  tlie 
lou','  piipilhe  on  the  siirt'aee  of  llic  iiMves,  tiie  pyriforni  cap,sul(>,  the  in- 
(loresceiiee,  siinplo  perist(^iiie,  etc. 

*****^**  PerlntoTDC  (Jouhh\  tin'  iidht  o/'  li)  Jren  cilia. 

88.  O.  Lyellii,  Hook,  ct  'J'ayl,  ])i«ecious:  plants  of  wide 
growth,  loosely  cespitose  or  puhinat",  green  :  l('a\-es  long, 
linear-lanceolate  from  the  oblong  I'tise,  sharply  acuminate, 
tlcxuous,  Sfpnirroso  "when  moist,  S(Mne\\  hat   twi-.ted   when  ^\v\.,        y; 


''m 


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i]KYAfi:.i:. 


[Orthotrichnin. 


niid  cinjity  ;  toclli  rcciirvod  wlicii  <lrv  ;  ciliii  Entail,  roddlsl),  as 
IdiiLj  :is  llic  tc'ctli,  sliL;Iitly  crosf  on  the  iicllucid  hordtTs. — 
JMiisc.  r.iit.  7(5,  t.  22;  15ryol.  Kiir.  1.  221;  Wils-.n,  Kn^.  l'„,i. 
I.  2s;u. 

V'wr.  papillosum.  Leaves  more  highly  I'lipiUuse. —  O. 
j)(f/>i7/(istf///^  Haiiiix',  Limuea,  xxx.  4^)8. 

llAii.  On  trct'.s  ill  Civliforiiia,  and  on  tlio  western  slopo  of  Xorlli 
America,  conunon.  Tlio  variety  is  s(;areely  worthy  of  notice,  as  tlic 
papilla!  vary  in  prominence,  even  on  the  same  specimens. 


'i     I 


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t'-in 


57.  MACROMITRIUM,  r.rid.    (Vl  2.) 

Caly[)tra  (•aiiii»aniilate-j>licate,  more  or  U'ss  dee[)ly  hiciniatcat 
base.  I\'ristome  noi>e,  or  sim|iU',  or  (U)ublc ;  tlie  outer  of  Ki 
leeth,  lanceolate,  tree  or  u'emiiiate,  i;ramilose,  whitish  or  I'cd- 
(lish  hrown;  the  inner  formed  of  a  more  or  less  enlari^'ed  iiicin- 
Itrane,  truncate  or  split  into  teeth  similar  to  the  outer  ones: 
an'.mlus  none  or  simple,  rarely  present. 

1.  M.  Sullivantii,  3Iuell.     riants  acrocarpous,  hecoinini,' 

]il(Mirocarpons  hy  innovations,  enlanu'led  and  loosely  cesjtitosc,  in 

Avide  deeund)ent  ci-eepiiiL;'  or  pendent  tufts,  reddish  brown  and 

ri^id:  leaves  crowded,  opiMi,  erect  when  moist,  closely  imbricate 

when  dry,  lanceolate  from  the  ufwntwed  decurrent  base,  njradu- 

ally  acuminate,  deeply  excavate   in    the  middle   of   the  base, 

carinate,  costati;   to  near  the   apex,  sliu;htly  r(>curved    on   tlie 

})ordi'i's ;    areolation    nearly  round,    dense,    slightly   ]iapillos(>: 

flowers  moud'cious,  the  male  in  axillary  or  terminal  buds;  outci- 

pcri<::onial  leaves  ovate,  the  inner  obovatc,  a])iculate,  hyaline, 

erose-dentate  from  the  middle  upwards :  calyptra  hairy,  eoveriuLT 

the  whole  capsule:  ca])sule  oval-cylindrical,  })licate  at  the  base 

r.nd  undei-  tlu'  orifice  when  dry,  emcru'cnt  on  a  slender  pedicel, 

about  one   cm.  long;  lid  conical,  sul)ulate ;  ])ei'ist()mG  aluKJst 

none,  the  outer  imjierfect,  the  inner  a  short  trimcate  meinbratie. 

—  Hot.  Zeit.  XX.  :)*)1.     J/.  Dregei,  SuHiv.  Mosses  of  V.  Stales, 

81,  and  Icon.  Muse.  59,  t.  37;  Sulliv.  tt  Lesq.  Muse.  l>or.-Am. 

Exsicc.  n.  12'^. 

H  M!.  On  the  bark  of  old  pine  trees,  top  of  Jonah  or  Bear  Mountain, 
Georgia  ( Lcsqiicrcu.r). 

2.  M.  Fitzgeraldi.  In  its  dark  brown  color,  its  sliort 
yellowish  branches  sparingly  fruiting,  and  also  in  the  very  iiairy 


HchU>tli(  /.  ./(7.| 


IJIIYACK.E. 


179 


('nly)itr:i  .'uid  tlu'  ubsonoo  of  :i  peristoiius  this  s])c'('i('s  closely 
rtsi'iiiWk'S  the  hist.  It  dii't'crs  in  the  h'ir«;i'r  distiiicllv  rihhod 
(•ii|isuh',  the  K'livi's  1()I1'j:(m  and  not  as  d('c|ily  concave  in  the 
middle  near  the  hase,  tlie  .shorliT  conical  blunt  lid,  and  the 
shorter  )tetlicel  co\ered  to  its  middle  hy  the  exsia'ted  vaninnh' 
Jiuvinj^  its  orifice  frinued  by  loni;  parajihyses  as  in  JA  h/i  npoill- 
oUfes^  Scliwaegr.  The  plant  also  apiirars  to  be  did'cious,  as  no 
male  flowers  could  be  found  u]M»n  tlie  s|»ecimens. 
llAi;.     On  tit'c-i,  I''|(iiui;i  (('.  11.  Fltziji  ftihl). 

;>.  M.  rhabdocarpum,  Mitt.  .MiMueci  as:  stemcreepini^s 
inoi'dinately  bi'aiichini:",  loosely  cesj>il(ise ;  leaves  ci'i-pate  when 
dry,  siiri'adint;"-oj»en  and  slightly  flexuose  when  iii<)i>t,  linear- 
hanceolate,  acute  or  obtuse  anil  sultapictilate,  flat  on  the  minutely 
ci'cnulate  borders,  carinate  by  the  |ii'rcuri'i'nt  yellowish  c<>sta; 
ba.silar  cells  objcnLT,  the  upi)er  i-ound,  j)apill<)se ;  pci-icli;etial 
k'aves  erect,  lanceolate,  narrowi'r  and  more  acute  at  tlie  ap(>x  : 
calyptra  sliL;htly  hairy,  straw-color,  coverini;'  the  capsule  to  the 
liase:  capsule  ov:d,  i^radually  nari'owed  to  tlu'  jxtiolc  and  to  the 
orifice,  distinctly  j)licate;  lid  subulan';  ])oristome  simple,  the 
teeth  short.  ])ale  and  iVa^ile.  —  .lourn.  Linn.  Soc.  xii,  lU'J; 
Austin,  Coult.  Hot.  (Jaz.  ii.  110. 
II All.     St.  Aui^ustine.  Kloriila  (J.  Donncll  Smith). 

4.  M.  mucronifolium,  Hook,  tt  Grev.  ^Monrocious:  sterns 
creeping;",  with  short  crowded  branches:  leaves  open-sjiread'Mt::, 
linear-lanceolate,  rounded  in  iiarrowintf  to  a  recurved  acumen, 
carinate  l)y  the  thick  costa,  entire,  convex,  ruijulose  leiiijthwise; 
upj)er  cells  minute,  round,  obscure,  the  lower  a  little  elongated 
on  the  borders:  calyptra  narrowly  conical,  covcriuLC  the  capsule 
to  the  base:  capsule  shortly  pedicelled,  urceolate,  the  orifice 
naked.  —  Brewst.  Edin.  Journ.  i.  IIC),  t.  4  ;  Mitt.  Journ.  Linn. 
Soc.  xii.  202. 

IIau.     Trunks  of  palms,  St.  Johns  Ilivor,  Florida  {('.  If.  Fitzgerald). 


'mm 


58.  SOHLOTHEIMIA,  IJrid.    (PL  2.) 

Differs  from  Jfacroinitriiov  in  the  campanulatc  caly]>trn,  not 
plicate,  and  constricted  at  base  by  the  involute  segments,  and 
in  the  teeth  of  tlic  outer  peristome  10,  spirally  revolute,  mark(>d 
by  a  lonp^itudinal  black  line,  generally  very  rugose,  fleshy, 
the  inner  more  or  less  ])erfcct,  often  rudiment;ny,  from  a  )>alo 


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TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


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Photographic 

Sciences 

Corporation 


33  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  MSSO 

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[Schli)lhi:iul'i. 


(colored    incmbraiio.      Capsule    cxaiiiiulato.      Li<l    {'ui)ulit'(inii, 
Hubulate,  thin. 

1.  S.  Sullivantii,  ^Incll.  Plants  in  douse  widely  oxpandod 
depressed  yellowish  i^recn  tufts;  juMinary  steins  creepinij, 
dens' Iv  ramose:  hranehes  verv  short,  erect,  fascieulate-rainose, 
closclv  ioineil  toLjether  hv  a  th'ck  felt  of  browix  radicles:  leaves 
very  elose,  reeurved-spreadinur,  linLjulate,  short-niueronate  l»y 
the  excurrent  thick  costa,  ventricose  and  a  little  plicate  at  base; 
surface  undulate-wrinkled  towanl  the  apex;  cells  round-hexa^o 
nal,  minute,  in  transverse  rows,  the  basilar  loose,  obloni^:  llowers 
moiuecious,  tiio  male  lateral,  in  open  short  pedicellate  buds: 
calyptra  covering  the  whole  cajtsule,  scabrous  at  the  aj)ex,  Tj-G- 
lobate  at  l>ase,  the  lobes  incurved  and  connivent :  capsule 
cylindrical-oblont;,!:^radually  narrowed  up  to  the  orifice,  oinerLrent 
on  a  pedicel  about  a  half  cm.  lont;;  teeth  1(5,  line:.r,  with  hyalin(i 
{U'ticidations;  cilia  10,  orange  color,  j)unctulate,  r.triolate  ;  basilar 
memluane  none  or  scarcelv  visible.  —  Syn.  i.  7;JC ;  SuIIiv.  ^Mosses 
of  U-  States,  85,  t.  t2,  an<l  Icon.  INFi  sc.  01,  t.  88.  tS.  rutji/olia^ 
Hook.  &  Wils.  in  UruniTU.  Muse.  Am.  (Col.  II.),  n.  85. 

IIau.    Bark  of  trees  in  the  Southern  States;  not  rare. 


I 

i: 

■  i^ 

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59.  ENOALYPTA,  Schreb.  (Pi.  2.) 
Plants  loosely  cos])itose.  Leaves  large.  Ungulate  or  spatulate ; 
cells  of  the  areolation  thick,  chlorophylloso,  covered  in  the  upj»er 
part  of  the  leaves  with  largo  divided  papilla),  loose,  rectangular, 
sometimes  reddish  brown  in  the  lower  part.  P^lowers  inoiitic- 
cious  or  dicpcious,  terminal.  Vaginule  cylindrical,  cappe<l  by 
a  conical  membrane.  Calyptra  very  large,  cylindrical,  cam- 
panulate.  Capsule  emergent  on  a  solid  pedicel,  erect,  regular, 
ribbed  or  twisted  wlien  dry.  Peristome  none,  or  simple,  or 
double,  very  variable.  Spores  generally  largo,  verruculose. — 
Leersia,  Iledw.;  Lindb.  Syst. 

♦  Peristome  none. 

1  E.  COn^mutata,  Xees  &  ITornsch.  Stems  about  one 
cm.  long:  leaves  ovate-lanceolate,  acuminate,  the  upper  longer- 
cuspidate  by  the  excurrent  costa,  slightly  transversely  plicate  in 
the  middle ;    basilar  cells  narrowly  oblong,    yellowish :    male 


Kiicahjptn. 


i)UVAri:.r. 


181 


fl(»\vt'rs  tcrrnin.'il,  on  short  lateral  hrauchos :  calyptra  loni;, 
(liscc'iidiiiix  f;ir  bt-low  the  haso  of  the  capsiih',  reiMisli  l»ro\vn  or 
chestnut  eoh)r  when  old,  irre<^iilarly  laeiniate  at  the  l»ase:  eaji- 
t<ule  eylindrieal-ovate,  ereet  or  sliuhtly  arched,  its  orilice  lialf- 
cuvered  by  a  thin  horizontal  nienil»rane;  annulus  sinijde,  r.arrow. 
—  Ilryol.  (ierin.  ii.  40,  t.  15;  Dryul.  Eur.  t.  lUS.  IJ.huirn, 
l)c\(.t.;  Muell.  Svn.  i.  514. 

IlAit.  Kissuros  of  rocks  in  alpine  loralilios;  Ilocky  Mountains  ( /)r'(m- 
)iii)ii<l):  Colorado  ( M)U"((/c.  K.  Hall);  Nevada  (  Watson);  liriLish  America 
ail. I  Alaska  [Macoun,  lluthiock),  etc. 

*  *  I*c)'isto})ie  of  10  hioi'e  or  l<ss  per/ret  teeth  or  noiic  in  the 

SiOne  fijftcies. 

-.  E.  vulgaris,  Iledw.  l^'aves  lintrulate,  apiculate,  twisting 
when  dry;  eosta  reddish,  percurrent  or  vanishinijj  helow  the 
n|te.v ;  are(»lati(>n  reetanLjular  at  base,  very  thin  toward  the 
niiddk',  narrower  and  yellowish  on  the  borders:  calvptra  cover- 
iiitX  the  whole  caiisule,  yellowish  ijreen,  thin:  cajisule  thin, 
cyHndrical-ovate,  exactly  cylindrical  when  dry,  obscurely  or 
niinutely  wrinkled  lengthwise,  jtale  yellow,  the  borders  of  the 
orifice  orange;  ]>orist«)nK'  trenerally  none,  conii)osed  when  ]»res- 
ciit  of  10  lineate  ]»ale  fugacious  often  truncate  teeth.  —  Spec. 
Muse.  00;  Urvol.  Eur.  t.  1U9. 

Ynw  obtusa,  Schiinp.     Leaves  obtuse.  —  Syn.  280. 

\i\r.  pilifera,  Schimp.  Stems  shorter:  leaves  narrower; 
cost  a  reddish,  excurrent  into  a  |>ale  yellow  hair. 

Var.  elongata,  Schimp.  Plants  robust  and  much  longer, 
in  dense  tufts:  leaves  broader. 

IlAn.  Fissures  of  walls  and  rocks;  alpine  regions  of  Xew  England, 
I^ocky  Mountains,  California,  Oregon,  and  Al.aska  ;  rare  in  America. 

^>.  E.  rhabdocarpa,  Schwaegr.  With  the  Inibit  of  the 
last :  leaves  oblong,  lanceolate  above,  nearly  plane  or  slightly 
concave;  costa  reddish-yellow,  vanishing  at  the  apex  or  ])assing 
up  into  a  more  or  less  elongated  yellowish  hair-jioint :  calyptra 
descending  below  the  base  of  the  capside:  capside  shorter, 
narrowly  ovate  or  cylindrical-oblong,  reddish,  witli  longitudinal 
brown  stria?,  deeply  and  regularly  furrowe<l  when  <lry;  teeth 
lanceolate,  distantly  articulate,  entire  or  here  and  there  irregu- 
larly ))erforated,  blood-red,  rarely  ])ale  or  absent;  anuulus  sim- 
ple, narrow,  —  Suppl.  i.  50,  t.  10  ;  liryol.  Eur.  t.  'JO.'J. 

IIau.  Alpine  and  subalpino  regions,  in  fissures  of  rocks;  Colorado 
(Downie);  Xevada  (Watson);  DiiLlsh  America  and  Alaska. 


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4.  E.  Ciliata,  ir<'<l\v.  Tu  loose  brii^ht  or  p.'ilc  iLi^i-ccii  tufts: 
leaves  soft,  <'oin|ilic;iti'-im'urvcMl  whcii  <li-y,  iiii<lul:ilc  on  tiic 
bonliTs;  costu  )iiili'  yellow,  vaiiisliiiii^  lu'luw  tlii'  apiculati!  apex 
oi"  passiiiLT  into  it;  liasilar  areolati(jii  loose,  nvMisJi  above: 
ealyittia  straw-color,  deseeiidiiij^  tar  Vh'Iow  the  base  oi  the 
capsule,  bordered  at  liase  hy  huiceolate  solid  whitish  or  oran<4'e 
!aciiiia':  ca]tsule  cylindrieal,  smooth,  slightly  (;oiistricted  under 
the  ori'iee  when  di-y;  |terislonu'  rarely  absent,  attached  below 
the  orifice,  t'ornie(l  of  KJ  nai'rowly  lanci'<»Iale  t<'eth,  sometimes 
divided  into  two  irreuular  scLcments,  sprcadiiii;-  whi'n  dry;  auuu- 
lus  none. —  Spec.  Muse.  (11  ;   IJryol.  Eur.  t.  •-!»MI. 

il.vn.  .ShudtMl  rocks  :iii.l  sdil,  in  mountain  rc-sious  of  New  England,  IIk; 
liocky  Mountains,  and  llii;  Pacific  slope;  not  rare. 

*  *  *  Peristome  st//ij>It\  re</i(hn\ 

T).  E.  Macounii,  Aust.  Differs  from  E.  apop/i>/sa(a,  Xees 
&  Hornseh.,  in  the  leaves  niuticous  at  the  ai)e.\',  the  c<>sta  van- 
ishing below  it,  the  ealyi)tra  fimbriate  at  base,  the  capsule  (not 
mature)  more  distinctlv  a|)ophysate,  and  the  teeth  shorter  and 
much  narrower.  —  C'oult.  Iv»t.  (Jaz.  ii.  07. 

IIau.     Stewart's  Lake  Momitains,  Canada  (}[nrn'ni). 

To  tiiis  diaLTiiosis,  which,  consideriii!»  tlic  iiinnalure  state  of  the  capsule, 
bIiows  an  essential  difference  from  tiie  European  K,  (ijinjilii/sutd,  tlie 
author  adds:  "calyptra  ahout  as  lar<;e  as  in  the  lari^cst  spccjmiMis  of  /,'. 
cilidtu,  lii^hl  fuscous  yellow  (the  frini^t!  l)rowu,  uniform,  narrow,  and  di-l- 
icate).  (U'nscly  i)apillose  ovcM"  the  whole  siu'facc;  pedicel  ri'ddisli,  minulily 
papillose,  rather  densely  so  above  the  middle.  mor«'  remotely  so  below  it,, 
slightly  twisted  to  the  rii^ht  in  dryini;;  apophysis  at  the  base  of  the  capsule 
very  larjii';  peristome  single,  tin;  teinhof  medium  length,  very  narrow  and 
liliform,  nnl,  more  or  less  split  into  two  ecpial  segments,  nodulose  and 
granulose;  leaves  much  crisped  when  fry,  straight  and  erect  when  n\oist, 
narrowly  Ungulate,  carinate,  broadly  revoluteon  the  margin,  very  ojjacpie, 
the  costa  ceasing  below  the  apex  and  densely  papillose  on  the  back;  jx-ri- 
cha'tial  leaves  much  smaller  and  thiinier,  theimiermost  scarcely  exceeding 
the  vaginide,  with  a  broad  subvaginal  base  and  a  Ungulate  very  obtuse 
apex." 

*  *  *  *   Cnpside  striate,  twisted  to  the  left ;  ^)e?7\s7o;;?6'  double. 

0.  E.  procera,  Brach.  Plants  densely  tufted,  long  antl 
robust;  leaves  Ungulate,  miiticous  or  apiculate,  t!ie  strong  costa 
ceasing  l)elow  the  ajH'x  or  rarely  passing  above  it ;  basilar  areo 
lation  re(Mish,  liyalinc,  separated  f'-om  the  up|>(r  by  a  red  /one: 
calyptra  descending  below  the  capsule,  find)riato  only  when 
young,  straw-color;    capsule   ovate,   cylindrical,    jjale   yellow, 


Knrdh/pta.] 


V,\IY\('K.¥.. 


IS:^ 


H-strintc,  twistcil  to  the  Icfl  ami  narrower  wlicii  <lry,  its  loiij^ 
purjilc  |ic(licil  ;_;•(■  IK  rally  twistcil  ti»  tlio  ri^ht  or  to  the  Kit  just 
uiHlcr  tlu'  caiisiiU',  tcctiiot'  tlic  outer  i»eristoiii('  li»,  loiiji,  lim-ar, 
marked  l»y  a  (li\iiliiiLC  lim',  "lislantly  articulate,  )iur|ilc;  inner 
jH'rislome  of  I'l  i-ilia,  o|)ji<)>ite  ami  similar  to  the  tcclli,  ydlouisli, 
very  j^ajtilhtsc,  altacheil  to  a  broad  yellow  mciulirauc  jirotrudiuLj 
into  1()  short  reddish  cilia  between  the  ti'i'th,  sonu'times  hilid  at 
base  and  cnmiivent  into  a  cone  when  <lrv  ;  amiulus  double. — 
JJruch  it  Schi'M)).,  J>'\vol.  Ktu'.  t.  -05.  A\  lo/irjijus,  31itt.  .Icniru. 
Linn.  S(»c.  viii.  l!U,  t.  a. 

Il.vii.     Shady  ravines,  IJriiJsh  Amci'ioa  (Dfitmimnt'l,  .V.nvxn;). 

Upon  <'x;iiiiiii;iticn  of  the  spociuicns  of  K.  Ioii'jIihk,  Mitt.,  in  all  of 
I)ruiini»onirs  sets,  tho  charartcM's  luivo  Itocu  found  iilciitii'al  witli  Uioso  of 
K.  prodrit :  tlii>  ]>];ints  inoniccious;  calyptra  p;i]iilli)<(',  it-i  borders  eniar- 
^inato,  orose  or  fimhriate  at  l)aso;  perielKetial  leiivcs  piiiferous;  capsulo 
spirally  striate,  etc.  'I'ln-  dilTcreiu'es  tiiat  ai)i)ear  in  tin;  eliarai'lers  indi- 
cated by  Mitten  result  from  the  unripeness  of  the  speeiaien  lie  had  for 
examination. 

7.  E.  Selwyni,  Aust.  Differs  from  tlio  precedinijf  species 
esj)eeially  in  its  smaller  size,  the  leaves  more  or  less  revolute, 
the  upper  ones  broadly  iinguiato  with  a  Ioul^  hyaline  haii'-point 
formed  by  the  exeurrent  oostr;,  which  is  densely  i)a]iillose  and 
reddish  downward,  and  in  the  minutely  and  n-motely  papillose 
calyptra  deseendiuL;"  much  below  the  base  of  the  eapside,  dee]»ly 
laeiniale  ami  brown  at  the  persistiuLC  base:  capsule  solid, 
stronu'ly  suleate  and  distinctly  twisted  to  the  ri'-ht,  c\Iindrical: 
peristome  ulabrous,  lon<x,  tlu;  outer  teeth  dark  red,  filiform, 
distantly  nodulose,  the  inner  vellow,  with  the  cilia  nearly  as 
loi  :j  as  the  teeth  and  arising  from  a  broad  membrane.  — Coidt. 
IJot.  Gaz.  ii.  101). 

II. vu.     Vaneouvcr  Island  {Maronn). 

Intcnnotliate  betweou  K.  prorrrd  and  F.  strcpfonirpn. 

^.  E.  Streptocarpa,  TTedw.  Ditrcious:  ])lants  robust  and 
of  larLre  size:  leaves  oblong-lin<jjnlat(>,  nmticous;  costa  reddi.sli, 
a.scending  to  the  apex;  ])ericli;etial  leaves  oblong  at  base, 
abruptly  narrowed  into  a  long  lanceolate  ]»oint:  calyjitra  very 
long,  jirolonged  much  below  the  base  of  the  capswle,  dirty 
brown:  c.ai)side  long  and  long-]»cdicellate,  cylindi'ical,  twisted 
to  the  left,  orange-striate,  spirally  furrowed  when  dry;  teeth 
filiform,  separated  to  the  base,  minutely  papillose,  j)in'])le,  eivct; 
cilia  Dunierous,  irregular,  more  or  less  connate,  half  as  long  as 


T 


4 


■  J 


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Ii 


,-' «: 


.:  t 

i  ;    ^«' 

1  (.-f- 

i  -  •■'{,' 

♦  ■ 

-^i*# 

;.;  Ii- 

'  4f»' 

life 

T 


184 


IMIVACK/E. 


[Calyinjierefi, 


11 


ii 


the  tcc'tli,  adlicriiii^  to  the  luiiMlc  to  :i  Id'ond  jxuictuluto  niuin- 

l,raiu'.  —  Spec.  Muse.  «il',  t.  Ki;  lli-yol.  Kur.  t.  'Hil. 

llAii.  IJriiMi  Aiiu;rica  (Dniininond);  All('L;liauy  Mountains  (.S'Hi//i;au<); 
Lunciistcr  <<>.,  Pennsylvania  {I'orlcr);  New  .Jersey  iliau};  California 
(Lujihain).     Not  yoL  fomul  t'liiilin^  in  Ani.rlea. 

60.  CALYMPERES,  Swartj^. 
Planls   small,    sjiariiigly    branehed.     Leaves   soft.      Calyplra 
twisted,  j»ersistent,  jdieate,  eoiislrieted  at  base  and  enclosing  IJie 
eaj>sule.     Cajtsule  erect  and  exserted.     Peristome  none. 

1.  0.  Richardi,  ^luell.  l)iteei(Mis:  plants  loosely  ees|»itose; 
stems  short  and  slender,  nearly  simple:  leaves  spreading  when 
moist,  oblong,  obtnse,  very  entire,  with  a  strong  eosta  vanishing 
at  the  apex  but  often  enlarged,  thick  and  covei'ed  with  articulate 
filaments  at  its  itoint:  ealvplra  yellow,  sli^htlv  scabrous  at  the 
apex:  eaj»  ile  short-j)edieellate,  ova);  lid  short,  straight,  conical, 
subulate.  —  Syn.  i.  524. 

Var.  Donnellii.  Leaves  longer  and  narrower,  f1(>xuous  and 
erect  or  open,  sjtreading  when  «lrv. —  ('.  DoiuiclUi,  .Vust.,  Coult. 
Bot.  Gaz.  iv.  15L  C.  Ilichanli^  Aust.  31usc.  Aj)pal.  Supj»l. 
n.  489. 

IIau.  Or»  trunks.  Florida  (Garhcr,  Ansl'in,  J.  Donniil  HinUh);  the 
variety  from  Uic  same  locality  (J.  Duniull  .Sniitli). 

2.  0.  disciforme,  Muell.  Plants  subces]»itose,  rigid, 
nearly  simple,  dirty  green:  leaves  rigid,  o|)en,  spreading  when 
moist,  the  lower  large,  oblong,  more  or  less  convolute,  mucronate 
by  the  excurrent  costa,  the  ui)j)er  broadly  ovate,  acute  with  a 
tliick  percurrent  costa,  bearing  in  the  middle  a  (h'use  cluster  of 
articulate  and  fasciculate  filaments;  u])per  areolation  minute 
and  minutely  j)ai)illose,  the  basilar  large,  cjuadrate,  hyaline  at 
the  margin:  calyptra  very  scabrous  upon  the  folds  and  at  the 
apex :  capsule  short-pedicellate,  oval ;  lid  conical,  obli(|ue.  — 
Limuca,  xxi.  1S8,  and  Syn.  i.  525. 

IIab.     Caloosa,  Florida  {Austin). 

3.  O.  (?)  crispum,  Aust.  Plants  short,  in  compact  tufts, 
brown  inside,  yellowish  green  at  the  surface :  leaves  strongly 
crispate  when  dry,  strict  and  suberect  Avlien  moist,  thin  at  the 
narrowed  base,  narrowly  })anduriform,  lingulate,  flat,  paj)illose, 
refuse  or  obtuse  at  the  apex,  hyaline-margined  and  loosely 
quadrate-areolate   in  the  lower  part,  very  densely  granulose- 


w 


Si/ri'f(opLHlou. 


VAIY.V  K.V.. 


18.*] 


ari'olatr  :m»l   itaiiillosc-crcmilati'  in   the   upper,  carinatc  liy  the 
vcllowisli   pcrciirrciit  c'(»sta.  —  Coiilt.   Hut.  (Jaz.  iv.   liM.     'V'//*- 
vli<>))odo)i  Ci)  tris/tits,  Aiist.  1.  c.  ii.  ltil>. 
ilAH.     Jiicksouville,  I'lurida  {J.  iJoniuU  Sinitli). 

61.  SYRRHOPODON,  Srhwac-r.     (PI.  2.) 
l)istiii<,niislio(l   from  ('nhjuipens  l)y  the   cuciillatc!   <liiiii<liatc 
('alvi>tfa,  the  pi'i'istoMie  uu(lL'VC'l<jpt'il  or  compost'd  of  10  laiu'co- 
l.ilc  entire  ^^enerally  liori/.unlal  teeth,  and  the  oritiee  of  the  cap- 
sule sonu'tiines  covered  l»y  a  tiiin  luenihrane  {('^>ijf/irtf;/nt). 

1.  S.  FloridanUS,  Snlliv.  Plants  roluist,  in  sornewiiat 
loose  tiil'ts,  iilaiicous-i^reen  above,  dirty  yellowisji  helow  ;  stenuj 
sini]'le  or  fastiniate-raniose,  more  or  less  radietilose  and  tonien- 
t!)se  the  \vli(»le  length:  leaves  close,  eivct,  ovate-ohloni;  at  the 
clas|iini,'  l)ase,  linear-lancoolate  ahove,  aj>iculate,  concave- 
canaliculate,  minuti'ly  areolate,  opa(|ue,  (thtusely  serrulate'  from 
the  middle,  hilaniellate  upward,  the  lamelhu  coarsely  and  irregu- 
larly serrate;  costa  thick,  semitereti',  |;apillose,  vanishing'  at  or 
helow  till'  apex:  Ijowi'rs  dicecious,  hecomini^  lateral  hy  innova- 
tions: calyptra  descendinii"  to  the  base  of  the  capsule  :  capsule 
siihi'lliptical  or  merely  cylindi-ical,  erect,  of  a  thick  texture; 
pt'dicel  about  I  cm.  loui; ;  lid  with  a  very  lonsjj  aciculate  beak  ; 
peristome  simple,  of  10  short  teeth  attached  far  bt-low  th(^ 
orilice,  connivent  to  near  the  middk',  distantly  articulate,  ])alo 
yellow  without  divisural  line.  —  ]\Iosses  of  V.  States,  ;>l,  and 
Icon.  Muse.  40,  t.  HI  ;  SuUiv.  tt  Lesfj.  Muse.  IIor.-Amer.  Exsicc. 
n.  113.  tS.  ulbovafjinatus.  Hook.  &  Wils.  in  Druinm.  Muse. 
Amer.  (Coll.  II.),  n.  37;  Sulliv.  Muse.  Allegh.  n.  171;  not 
Schwaeti^r. 
II An.     On  decayed  logs  and  stumps;  liOiiisiana,  Florida,  etc. ;  not  rare. 

ti.  S.  Texanus,  Sulliv.  Kesembles  the  last  in  size  and 
asj)ect :  stem-leaves  twisted  when  dry,  erect  when  moist,  lont^ 
linoar-lingulate  from  the  broader  clasjdni;  base,  blunt  at  the 
apex,  canaliculate-concave;  borders  ])elluciil,  irrcLTuIarly  ciliate- 
dentate  by  linear  cells;  basilar  arcolation  lar^e,  (piadrate, 
])cllucid,  the  U])per  very  small,  sulxpiadrate,  oj»a(pie,  papillose; 
costa  very  stout,  percurrent,  spinulose  on  the  back  :  ilowers 
di(Pcious  (male  plant  unknown)  :  caly|)tra  coverini;  nearly  the 
whole   capsule,   rugulose   from    the   middle   upward :    ca})sule 


ill 


r« 


\  , 


% 


Ml 

^^h  \ 

186 


IIIiYAClLE. 


[■''>l/frlioj)Oi-lini. 


I 

f! 


!'f  I: 


oNiitt',  cyrmdi'iciil,  sU'IkUt,  ctjiitracti'd  at  ihc  orilicL' ;  pi-iliccl 
(•(im|i;ir:itiv»'ly  i<':i.i;  (al»t»iil  two  ciii.)  ;  lid  Unv^  and  siihulatt'- 
iMstralc;  tccili  slmrt,  n»l)iisl,  iaiu-colatc,  oldusf,  willi  two  or 
tlircc  iiroiniiit'iit   articulations.  —  Mosses  ot"  U.  States,  lUo,  and 

Icoi;.  .Mii>c.  Sii|.|.l.  :;-j,  t.  liO. 

II.m;.  Sum  Man'os,  'I't'X.'is  (  W'rl'iht,  who  first  coIKh'IimI  tlic  moss, 
tlioiigli  sUTiloj;  .Soiilhern  .SUilt's,  Iruiu  Norlli  Ciirolinn  to  l-'lurida,  not 
rare. 

Tlio  Ii'uvt's  often  Ix'iir  at  tln^  n]w\  a  cluster  of  oblong  articulutu  bodies, 
like  those  of  ^[iil(ii:uiHniuiu  ijaltifilrc, 

Tuiiii:  VI.     TKTKAIMIIDE.E. 

Plants  loosclv  tul'ti'd.     Stems  slender,  erect  or  verv  short. 

Lower  K-aves  very  small,  di^tant,  squamil'orm,  the  u|>jier  longer, 

ck)se  and   tul'tinn"  at   the  aj»ex  of  the  stems.     Flowei's  monte- 

cious,    terminal,    the    male     i^cnnnit'oi'm.       Calyptra    conical, 

mitrate.     Cajtsnle  cylindrical  or  oval.     I'eristonie  t'ornuMl  of  the 

o])erculum  lllleil  witii  cellular  niatter  and  cleft  into  four  parts. 

Annulus  none.     Sjtorcs  very  small. 

The  'i'<  (riip}iidca\  ])i.'irrU<'(V  and  Schlstnslfiicd'  ronslitiUi!  three  \M)cn- 
liar  j;roui>s  witii  no  uiaik<>d  analo;,'y  to  any  oilier  trllx'  ot 'mosses.  Tiic 
iirst  are  related  by  the  eulyplra  to  liie  OrHtiitrirJicv.  and  l)y  the  form  and 
areolation  of  iIk;  leaves  to  the  Dnjciv,  Tlie  urowtli  of  the  Discclica'  \a 
that  of  Kpliniii  rum  :  their  peristome  like  that  of  'rr>'iii<ito<h>n.  Ilampo 
considers  DiNccliiiin  imduiii  as  an  annual  lidrtraiidit.  The  Schlstosteficiv 
have  tilt!  soft  texture  of  the  SjiUicltnca',  and  for  that  reason  are  considered 
by  ijchimper  as  most  nearly  related  to  that  tribe. 

62.  TETRAPHIS,  Iledw.    (PI.  2.) 

Stems  lonir,  branching  l;y  inno'.ations  from  under  the  apex. 

Leaves  broadly  lanceolate,  costate  to  below  the  apex.     Calyptra 

coverint:;  tlie  cajisnle  to  the  middle.     Caj)side  cylin(b'ical,  borne 

on  a  lonuc  straii;ht  or  i^enici:la;e  jiedicel.     Teeth  attached  below 

the   orilice,  somewhiit   lony;,   striate    on   the    back,   reddish.  — 

(jeon/i(t,  Ehrh. 

L  T.  pellucida,  ITedw.  Tufts  yellowish  ixrecn:  ])erigoniuni 
often  (U'formed,  cup-shajied,  of  broad  truncate  leaves,  enclos- 
ing: small  lenticidar  ureenish  hvaline  short-pedicellate  bodies: 
calyptra  very  thin,  whitish  below,  more  solid  and  reddish  above : 


Ti'trodnntiuiii.] 


IJUYACE.E. 


187 


(•:i|isul('  i^ri'cnisli  wlicii  lilK'tl,  Iti-owii  with  m<j;c  ;  pcMlici'l  sinootli, 

twistcfl  to  till'  left,  ill  the   lower   |>art,   to   tlit'  rii;lit  ;il)o\c. — 
Fiiml.   Muse.  ii.  >7,  t.  7,  f.  ol',  :iii<l  Sjicc.  Muse.  |.'),  t.  7  ;   llfvol. 

Kur.  t.  llHi.      Miitiini  jH Ihii-lilioii,  I.imi.  S|».  IM.  11(»'J.      (i<i>rijia 

Minhioai/KUiii,    Mlirli.  ;    AIiicll.    Syii.    i.    I>i0.  (J.    j)illacid(i^ 
K:il)c!ili. 
llAii.     Oil  tlccaycil  tniiiks  in  deep  woods;  coinnion. 

-.  T.  geniculata,  (Jir^cns,  DiflVrs  from  tlu'  lust  ii»  the 
ii|»|uT  leaves  loiiL^i-r  and  narrower,  liiiear-lanceolate,  aeinninatc, 
the  |K'ri_uoniiini  not  <let'ornie(|,  ami  the  ix-dicel  i;eiii<'ulate  in  the 
inidille.  —  .MIMe  in  iJot.  Zeil.  xxiii.  1."),');  Sehinjp.  IJryol.  luir. 
Siijijil.  y'cff<ij>/(is,  1,  t.  1. 

Hah,     Aluose  liivor  (L>jit[l]\  Silku  {liischnff,  linlhrock). 

63.  TETRODONTIUM,  Sehwae^n-. 
Plants   very   small,  tire<j,arious.      Stems  very   short,  Ix^ariiijj 
floweriiii^  neinmules  al  the  base  of  filiform  foliate  hraiiehlets. 
Cajisiile  thick,  oval,  covered  to  the  base  \)\  a  soWd  calyi)tra; 
])C'dieel  thick,  ri^id.     'I'eetli  short. 

1.  T.  repandum,  SchwacLrr.  IJasilar  innovations  erect: 
leaves  ovate-lanceolale,  rin'id,  reddish  brown,  dose  an<l  inibri- 
cati';  pericluL'tial  leaves  ovate  and  oblonu',  \ery  concave, 
obscurely  costate ;  periyonial  leaves  smalk'r,  thinner,  ecostate, 
like  those  of  the  branchlets  :  capsule  oval,  its  orilice  emar^i- 
nate  between  the  teeth;  lid  conical,  erect,  short.  —  Smj»ii1.  ii. 
Kt'J  ;  IJryol.  Kur.  t.  107.  Tctra})his  r(j>((n<f<(,  Kinu-k  ;  Xees  in 
Sturm's  Deutsehl.  Fl.  ii,  fasc.  17,  t. ;  Sclnvaegr.  Su]»i»l.  ii.  21, 
t.  107. 

IIaii.  On  shaded  rocks  near  the  Glen  House,  and  at  Dixvillc  Xotch, 
White  Mountahis  (James)',  very  rare. 

i  TiiiHE  VII.     DISCELIE.E. 

Plants  very  small,  nearly  without  stems,  i^emmiform,  i^rc- 
g.inous,  produced  from  a  ]iersistent  jirothallium,  did'cious. 
Leaves  obloncj-lanceolate,  niuticous  at  the  apex,  ecostate; 
periclift'tial  leaves  lontjer ;  areolation  loose,  in  lonj^  hexa^onal- 
rh(Miiboidal  meshes.  ^lale  plants  in  the  same  ])rothaliimn  as 
the  female  ones ;  antheridia  small ;  parapliyses  numerous,  sub- 


i-iill 


m 


I 


I'l" 


|! 


i^!| 


i   il 


m 

w 


-/- 


188 


i5i:vArK.i:. 


[DiHcclium. 


cl.'ivatt'.  Ciilyf>tra  Hj)lit  its  wlioK-  KiiLTth  on  one  side  ami  opciuMl, 
j^t'iicnilly  rcniaiiiin'ijj  attaclicil  to  tin*  jicflicfl  ])y  its  ('(Histriclfd 
base,  ('apsiilc  (»\;iti'-L;l(il»(iM',  (•criiiiuus,  thick,  on  a  loiii;  ri'<l(|i>li 
jtiMliccl  twistcil  to  thu  rii;lit,  tlie  si»(»raiiu"ium  fn-c,  I.iil  larLfc', 
convex,  ('(Miical.  'IVctli  of  the  peristome  1<5,  sin»|»h',  slrioiate, 
recMish,  split  from  the  base  to  the  niidtlle  along  tlio  tlivisural 
line ;  artieuhitions  distant. 

64.  DISOELIUM,  Urvl. 

The  only  <^enus,  with  the  eharaeters  of  tiie  tribe. 

1.  D.  nudum,  I>rid.  The  only  s|teeies,  eharaeterized  above. 
—  Hryol.  Univ.  i.  IJO*) ;  IJryol.  Kur.  t.  'JOT.  JJiyta/i  ntuiuni, 
Diclvs.  Fase.  i,.  7,  t.  l(». 

Hau.     Clayey  yioiuul;  Cuiitoii,  Illinoia  (./.  U'o//).     A  very  rare  spfcics. 

Tumi:  Vlir.  SCIIlSTOSTEGhLK. 
Plants  annual,  j)roduee(l  from  a  jtei'sistent  eonfervoidal  pro- 
thallium.  Stems  very  tender  and  delieate,  radieulose  at  base, 
mostly  simple,  of  two  forms,  the  sterile  frondiform,  with  leaves 
vertieally  inserted  ami  conlluent  at  their  base,  the  fertile  frondi- 
form in  the  lower  part,  or  naked,  bearing  the  flowers  at  the  apex 
■with  a  few  minute  tufted  and  horizontally  attached  leaves;  areo- 
lation  loose.  Flowers  terminal,  loosely  gemmiform ;  anthers  and 
archegonia  few,  without  paraphyses.  Csdyptra  minute,  narrowly 
mitriform,  covering  the  lid  only.  Cajisule  small,  subglobose, 
soft,  on  a  long  soft  pedicel,  with  distinct  sporangium,  thick  col- 
umella, and  small  convex  li«l.    Peristome  none.    Sjwres  minute. 

65.  SCHISTOSTEGA,  Mohr. 
The  oidy  genus,  with  the  ciiaraete.n  of  the  tribe. 

1.  S.  OSmundacea,  Web.  &  Mohr.  Plants  widely  and 
loosely  cespitose,  about  one  cm.  long,  bright  or  glaucous 
green,  brown  below,  from  a  golden  yellow  shining  prothallium  : 
segments  of  the  compound  leaves  rhomboidal,  the  simple  ones 
lanceolate,  very  soft ;  arcolation  rhomboidal,  slightly  chloro- 
jihyllose :  flowers  diieciou.^! :  lid  short,  with  a  red  border. — 
Bot.  Tasch.  1)2 ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  279.     JWnium,  Dicks.  1.  c.  i.  3, 1. 1. 


JJissodon. 


ir  V.\.i:.K. 


189 


E    ■      1   ■       * 

IB'' 
IB  ' 


ITAn.  On  flio  irroiind,  nutlcr  tin'  sliiulf  «>f  rnrks;  Snnil  I-a!;".  \»'\v 
York  (('.  II.  I'lrkW  near  tin-  I'mlili;  Jlouso  ami  tlio  Dixvill.-  Nuttli, 
White  Mountains  (FoMtr,  Jainis). 

Tnini:  IX.     SPI.ACIINK/K. 

Plants  nnniinl  or  jx'nMinial,  ixrcLjarious  or  cnspitoso,  iuorcnsincj 
wlu'ii  jtcrciinial  by  snbfl(»r;il  iniKtvatlons  and  tlidiotoitioiislv 
fastiiriatc.  Leaves  hroailly  eostate;  arenlatioti  cotnjtoscil  of 
lar<;e  soft  pareiicliyinatose  ei'lls.  Flowers  teriiiiiial,  nintm'cions 
or  did'cioiis,  rarely  I.isexual,  the  male  tjiseoiil  with  larire  |ie(lieel- 
late  aiitheridia  and  elavato  paraphyses.  C'alyptra  eiK-idlate  or 
niilrate  and  split  on  oni'  side,  al»rnptly  constricted  al  hase, 
rarely  oonieal  and  entire.  Capsule  with  an  apophysis  varyiiit; 
in  shape  and  size,  ereet,  rej^ular,  loiii^-pedieellate,  with  free 
8j)oran;,du!n  and  persistent  colinnella.  Lid  convex-eonieal  or 
heinisjiliei-ieal.  I'eristonie  rarely  aliscnt,  of  lO  i^eininate  or  8 
bigeniinatu  lineardaneeolate  Hat  teeth,  transversely  artieulato, 
minutely  piuietulate,  very  hygroseupical.  Anmdus  none. 
Spores  minute. 

1.  C(ili/j)(i'a  ynitrlforyn.,  constricted  at  hitKi" :  npophyiiis  uniform 
in  color,  not  cnhtnjcd  u'ith  (I'jc. 

66.  DISSODON,  (Jrev.  it  Arn. 
Leaves  ohovatc  or  ovate-oblong,  spatulate,  entire;  cells  very 
loose,  sliorter  in  tho  upjier  )>art  of  the  leavi's,  longer  and  rect- 
angular toward  the  base,  thin  and  a  little  ehlorophylloso. 
Ca)>sule  erect  or  cernnous,  oval,  defbient  to  an  obconical  collum, 
on  a  solid  pediccd  narrowed  at  bas(».  Lid  convex  oi-  conical, 
obtuse.  Teeth  of  the  peristome  IG,  geminate,  linear-lanceolate, 
acute  or  truncate,  yellowish.     Sj)()res  large,  granulose. 

1.  D.  Hornschuchii,  (Jrev.  ^  Arn.  Stems  radiculoso  : 
lower  leaves  small,  broadly  ovate,  distant,  the  upjter  close, 
imbricate,  much  larger,  broadly  oblong,  narrowly  eostate,  shin- 
ing grocn  :  capsule  erect  on  a  short  thick  pedicel,  obovate  with 
the  long  neck,  thick,  chestnut-color,  very  short  when  deoper- 
culate  and  empty,  witli  a  broad  oritice  ;  lid  persistent  upon  the 


I 


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H;  ■ 


100 


BRYAf'K/K. 


[DiNHO'lnn. 


'm 


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1 

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; 

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f 


tliick  f'f.];im<'lln ;  tcolli  short,  Iniiifatf,  ]»ifi<l  or  iiorfonifr  nlonir 
tlic  <Ii\  i*-iii;il  Hiic,  vdlow. —  I'Miiili.  .Mem.  Wcrii.  Soc.  iii    I'Jl  ; 
JJryol.  Mill'.  1. -"^I.     <Vy.s7y////;//  sj>/(tc/(iH)Hk'Sy  Iloriisi'li.,  Uti;ciisl>. 
Flora  (is-J(i),  iii.  IMO. 
Hah.     Twill  I,;ik("<.  Colorado;  Oregon  {Doiouic). 

'-'.  D.  Froelichianus,  Cln-v.  Sc  Am.  1.  o.  In  looso  tufts: 
leaves  ohioiii.'  ami  liiiLTnIate,  olitiise  or  Iduiit  at  the  a|te\-,  eon- 
rave,  Lrradiiallv  iaru,(r  and  loosely  imlirieate  from  the  hase  f»f 
the  stems  to  the  top,  pale  Lrreeii,  veiT  thin:  male  and  female 
flowers  on  sejiarate  Innovations  <»r  i»ise.\iial :  eapsnle  erect  or  siil»- 
cenmous,  ohovate-pyriform  with  a  eolhim  :is  loni;  as  the  spitran- 
fjinjn,  (lark  oran'je,  l»ee(»mini;  s|therieal  an<l  eompi-esseil  wlien 
(leopercnlate ;  iieilic'el  IJ  e.  m.  loni;,  twisted  to  the  left  when 
dry;  lid  eftnieal,  ohtnso;  oolumella  ('ontraete(l  into  the  cap- 
Hide;  teeth  rmear-laneet)l;ite,  appro\im:ite  in  pairs.  —  iJryoJ. 
Knr.  t.  li^L*.  Sjih(c/inuin  Fralk/iinHitin^  lledw.  Muse.  Frond, 
iii.  1)0,  t.  40. 

Jl.vn.     IJocky  ]\roMnt:iiiis  ( />r((»iU(o»'/,  K.  llitU). 

n.  D.  Splachnoides,  (irev.  iSc  Am.  1,  e.  Phmts  lar^e,  in 
loose  tufts,  lii-een  ahove,  hlaekisji  within:  leaves  ^i-adually 
larger  ujiwai'd  fron  the  base  of  the  innovations,  oUloni;  or 
ohovate  or  lini^idate  :  "a|tsule  loni;-pedieellate,  erect,  oval,  with 
an  inflated  eolliim  perforated  with  stomata,  oran'j:e-coIored, 
glohose-turhinate  when  dry  and  empty;  lid  convex-conical, 
ohtuse,  often  pei-sistent  upon  the  columella;  teeth  lon^u",  linear- 
hmeeolate,  yellow,  ecjuidistant.  —  Hryol.  Fur.  t.  'JS:}.  ir</,sm 
splxcliiioiifeti^  Sehwaeiir.  Suppl.  i.  03,  t.  17.  Ki'munhm.  sphirli- 
iiolihti^  IJrid.  liryol.  L'niv.  1.  '234.  Weisia  tnrbliKita,  Drumm. 
Muse.  Amer.  n.  04. 

IIau.     Marshy  spots  near  York  Factory  (Drnmmond), 

67.  TAYLORIA,  Hook. 
Plants  in  loose  tufts,  diehotomous  by  hinovations,  r.idiculose. 
Leaves  open,  erect,  spatulate,  sharply  acuminate,  coarsely  and 
obtusely  dentate  above.  Teeth  of  the  peristome  10,  attached 
far  below  the  orifice,  entire  or  bifid,  linear-lanceolate  or  loricate, 
very  lonijj  and  hygroscopical,  connivent  when  moistened,  re- 
flexed  and  ap])ressed  to  the  capsule  or  circinatc-pendent  when 
dry.     Spores  very  small,  green  or  yellow. 


Trtraplodmi.] 


iniVAf  K.i:. 


101 


1.  T.  serrata,  nnidi  it  Sdiitup.  Tufis  l»ri^'lit  <j:nMii ; 
fcrtiU'  sirins  curvcfl  <lo\v!J  atltasc:  leaves  IniiLr,  s|i:itiil:itt',  ani- 
miiiaU',  rccii'vcfl  .u  the  a|»c\  ;  custa  vaiiisli'm^'  luluw  lln-  ajx'X  : 
capsiih'  rt'.Misli  lirnwii,  cnfi,  uiih  a  Iuiilt  iiillattd  (•(.lliuu  ; 
|i('iH('cl  loii<_',  rcdilisli,  ol'tcii  ijcuiculatc  at  Ikisc  ;  cnlniiiclla  iii- 
rliKlcM;  I'nl  short,  coiiical-ol.tiisc.  —  I'.rynl.  Kiir.  t.  'J^l,  2^r». 
Sj)liir/itii'/n  sirritfiihi^  Ilrdw.  Spec.  Miisc.  i)'.\,  t.  S. 

\'ai-.  flagellaris,  IJnich  S:  Scliiiii|».  I'.ranclics  slcinltT, 
nscciiiliii'^  liiirlicr  than  the  siiltccr.iiiitii«<  cajisiilt'. —  SjiliK-lnintn 
JJd'IcHiirc,  \\v'u\.  r>rv<»l.  I'niv.  i.  -17. 

1 1. Ml.      Fori  Colvillt'  (^..'/"");  Otf-on;    \h\sk:\.  (KrUnnij,  Jtlsrhnf). 

'V.  Ti.Nt  IS,  Schinip.  (Syii.  mI.  l'.  :'.<■>(>).  I"'!-;  <i'nsiclrrf(l  liy  Kiiropi'iiii  aii- 
llinrs  ;is  u  viiricly  of  tlio  lust,  lias  hfcii  scut  to  Srliiiup'T  finiii  (Jivciihmil. 
ll  (lilTiMs  ill  iK'ilm  inorc  sIiMidcr.  'totter,  ami  iiiori'  Inosrly  <'csi>iio"'«';  leaves 
liroailly  siialiil;ite,  slioilly  ;ieuiniiiate,  very  thin,  ainl  iiioi-e  loosely  areolate; 
capsule  smaller,  with  a  broad  oiilice;  iieijicel  more  slender;  rulumella  lom;- 
oxscrteil;  teeth  dark  jiurple;  sixnc-.  nearly  twice  lar:,'i'r  .unl  li>:>liiie. 

-.  T.  SplachnoideS,  n<)'»k.  (ircLrariousor  irrcLriilaily  :niil 
loosely  ci'sjiitose;  stems  soft,  iiiiich  divideij:  !ea\('s  tlaeeid, 
longer  than  in  the  itrccediiiLC  species,  loiii^-sp.'itidate,  laneeojate- 
ai'umiii.atc,  uiu'<|ii:illy  and  coarsely  dentate  to  tlic  middle:  male 
buds  of  tlircc  leaves,  terminal  on  lonir  distantly  foli.ate  Iir.incli- 
lets:  capsule  erect  or  siibeernnoiis,  elliptical-(»l»lonef,  soft,  •j-rceii- 
isli-\('llo\v  when  (ilK'd,  contracted  to  ;i  narrow  cylindrical  neck, 
the  wlioli'  reilnced  to  half  its  Ien<rth  when  dry;  pedicel  very 
loiiLT,  j'alc  red;  lid  conical,  variahle  in  leiiLTth,  capiiin^-  the  per- 
sistent columella;  leeth  \('ry  hnv^,  tlntnLT-sh.apefl,  pur]»lc  ami 
cleft  tlu'ir  whole  lenuth  with  .ai^e,  involiitt'  under  the  orijice  of 
the  capsule  W'lu-n  m(»ist,  reflexi'd,  sinuous  and  twistecl  when 
dry,  llexihle  when  l>re;ithed  n|>oii.  —  (>uari.  .loiirn.  Sci.  ii. 
144,  and  ^Nfiisc.  Kxot.  t.  l".") ;  Ilryol.  I-air.  t.  lisd.  J/ooA-rria 
sp/ar/t/ioi'.^efi,  Schleich. ;  Scliwaei;r.  Siijijil.  i.  *J.  .'>4(l,  i.  1(H). 

Hah.  Kocky  Mountains  of  r.ri'i'-li  Anicrioa  (/);-»)/i»io»J);  Wostllum- 
boldt  Mountains,  Nevada  (  Wnlsou). 

2.  Cahj2itra  very  small^  cmilcdJ^  cncuUntc :   a}H>])Jnjsifi   discol- 
ored ict'th  a(it\  ohovate^  conical  or  utubrdla-fonn. 

68.  TETRAPLODON,  Umch  X-  Schimp.    (I'l.  4.) 
Plants  densely  cespitose,  ])ulvinate,  perennial;    tufts  mixed 
with  a  radiculose  tomentum.      Leaves  oblong,  ovate  or  obovato 


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192 


BRYACE.E. 


[Tctraploiloii. 


or  lancoolatG-subulate  at  the  ajicx ;  reticulation  more  dense. 
Flowers  monrccious ;  male  flowers  gemniaceous,  caiiituliforiii, 
sessile  in  the  nxils  of  the  leaves  or  terminal  on  separate  branehi's. 
Calyptra  conical,  cucullate,  inclined.  Capsule  thick,  with  a 
solid  thick  generally  long  aj)oj)hysis  covered  with  stomuta. 
Teeth  of  the  peristome  shorter,  bigemiiiate,  solid,  dark  Durple, 
reflexed  when  dry.     Spores  ve/y  small. 

1.  T.  angustatus,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Tufts  compact, 
green  outside,  ferruginous  within;  stems  slender,  varying  in 
length,  much  divided:  leaves  soft,  ]»assing  from  the  oblong  base 
into  a  very  long  yellowish  flexuous  subulate  point,  serrate- 
dentate  from  below  the  inid<lle;  costa  excurreut  into  the  point: 

'■f-  caj)sule  short-pedicellate,  small,  with  larger  pyriform  ajjophysis; 

lid  highly  convex  or  obtusely  ctuiical;  teeth  approximate  in 
pairs.  —  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  'J'^S ;  Seliiiwp.  Syn.  'JO'I,  Sj>I((dii}ii)n 
anf/KStatxni,  Linn.  fil.  Meth.  ^lusc.  I];];  Iledw.  Muse.  Frond,  ii. 
37,  t.  12.     S.  sctaceum^  Michx.  i'l.  ii.  '2S7. 

IlAU.  Wliite  Mountains;  Adiroiulacks;  Lake  Superior;  Rocky  Moun- 
tains; not  rare. 

2.  T.  mnioides,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Plants  more  robust : 
leaves  close,  imbricate,  obovate-oblong,  very  concave,  more  or 
less  al)ru])tly  narrowed  into  a  flexuous  yellowish  acumen; 
borders  entire,  yellow;  costa  percurrent:  jiedicel  longer,  solid, 
dark  orange,  ])urple  when  oM,  enlargi';g  above  into  an  obconical- 
oblong  daik  ])ur]tle  apophysis  longer  than  the  fawn-colored  oval 

-4-  capsule,  which  when  empty  is  cylindrical  and  narrower  th.an  the 

'  a])ophysis;  teeth  litiear-lanceolate,  first  joined  in  fours,  then  bifid, 

orange-colored.  — Bryol.  Eur.  t.  2-^9 ;  Schimj).  Syn.  .'iO-t.     Sphich- 

man  innioides^lAnu.  til.  1.  c.  IG;  Tledw.  3Iusc.  Frond,  ii.  oo, 

t.  11.     S.  vrccolatum,  Iledw.  1.  c.  o9,  t.  13. 

IlAu.  Catskill  and  Adirondack  Moiuitaiiis  {Oldci/,  Lrtif)nrtr>i.r);  Wliite 
Mounlaiiis  {Jdiitcn);  Rocky  Mountains  {Dnnnuionil);  Sitka  (Hitn-inr/ton). 

3.  T.  auatralis,  Sulliv.  &  Lesq.  Tufts  more  or  less  compact ; 
plants  soft,  slender,  green  above,  brownish  and  radiculose  below, 
simi)lo  or  sparingly  fastigiate-ramose  :  U'aves  soft,  distant,  erect, 
long-lanceolate,  gradually  narrowly  acuminate,  distantly  and 
coarsely  dentate,  sometimes  nearly  pinnatilid,  rarely  entire; 
costa  ending  with  the  ap^^x ;  areolation  very  loose,  oblong- 
hexagonal  :    flowers  moncccious  and   dioecious ;    nuile  flowers 


Splxchniim.] 


BRYACEiE. 


193 


<liscoi(l,  oai)itulif<»rm,  terminal  on  separate  smaller  more  slender 
plants,  or  genunifonn  and  axillary  on  the  fertile  ones:  oalyptra 
conical,  not  split,  scarcely  covering  the  hemispherical-conical 
ohtusely  apiculate  lid:  caj)snle  oblung-oval,  small,  its  apoph.ysis 
a  little  broader  and  longer  than  the  sporangium,  gradually 
narrowed  to  a  thick  pedicel  lesp  Oian  a  cm.  long;  teeth  joined 
in  pairs,  attached  near  the  orifice.  —  Muse.  Bor.-Am.  Kxsicc.  n. 
151 ;  Sulliv.  ^Mosses  of  U.  States,  olj,  t.  4,  and  Icon.  Muse.  97, 
t.  o8.  Sitlachuion  setaceum^  Hook.  «fc  Wils.  in  Drumm.  Muse. 
Am.  (Col.  II.),  n.  liV. 

Hah.  .Swamps  near  the  coast,  from  Now  Jersey  to  Florida;  ospocially 
poiiimon  in  coilar  swamps  on  the  dung  of  mules.  Also  found  on  Isle 
Madam,  Cape  nrcfoii  (-/.  A.  Allen). 

4.  T.  urceolatus,  Bruch  ifc  Schimp.  Tufts  eom]>act,  solid, 
yellowish  green  on  the  surface,  j)ale  brown  or  reddish  and 
densely  radiculosc  within:  leaves  loosely  imbricated,  oblong  or 
obovate,  subcochleariform,  abruptly  narrowed  into  a  flexuous 
awn-sha[»ed  point,  very  entire;  costa  very  narrow,  ending  below 
the  )H)int ;  cells  rectangular,  narrow,  thick-walled:  male  tlowers 
nt  first  terminal,  then  thro\vn  aside  and  lateral  bv  innovations: 
calyptra  comjjaratively  large,  split  and  laciniate  at  base,  straw- 
colored  :  cajisule  short,  cylindrical,  slightly  longer  thatj  its  broad 
obovate  apophysis,  becoming  broader  and  black  with  age,  nar- 
rowed to  a  thick  short  pedicel ;  teeth  short  and  geminate,  narrow, 
orange-colored.  —  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  209. 

II  An.  Alpme  regions  of  the  Iloc.^y  Mountains  {Dnimmond)'^  Colorado 
{hoicnic)',  rare. 


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69.  SPLAOHNUM,  Linn.  (PI.  4.) 
Plants  mostly  annual,  loosely  cespitose ;  branches  soft,  slender. 
Lower  leaves  distant,  open,  the  upper  tufted,  with  a  soft  costa 
and  areolation  very  loose.  Flowers  dioecious,  rarely  momeclous, 
the  male  terminal  and  discoid,  on  slendei  naked  branches. 
Calyptra  small,  conical,  slightly  sjdit  or  mostly  entire  at  base, 
soft  and  fugacious.  Capsule  long-])edicolled,  small,  oval  or 
short-cylindrical,  or  with  a  larger  apophysis  increasing  after 
maturity,  becoming  pyriform  or  globose  or  umbrella-shaped  and 
diversely  colored.  Columella  capped,  generally  exserted  after 
the  separation  of  the  lid.     Teeth  of  the  peristome  IG,  linear, 


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194 


BRYACEiE. 


[Splachnum. 


I  Ml 


\ 


geminate,  orange-colored,  formed  of  a  double  lamina,  the  outer 
tliicker  and  papillose,  the  inner  loosely  and  thinly  areolute. 
Sj)ores  very  minute. 

1.  S.  Wormskioldii,  ITornem.  Monopcious:  perennial,  in 
soft  dense  tufts  re<ldish  and  radiculose  within ;  steii-.s  verv 
slender,  dichotomous:  leaves  very  soft  and  loosely  nrcolate, 
ovnl,  mutieous  or  more  or  less  long-acuminate,  narrowly  costate: 
male  flowers  terminal  on  long  slender  branches:  capsule  small, 
elli})tical  or  suhglobose,  about  .as  long  as  the  ovate  apoi)hysis, 
shorter  and  turbinate  whon  einj)ty,  first  green,  then  dark  brown, 
stomatose;  columella  not  exserted  from  the  empty  capsule ;  teeth 
small,  yellow,  subequidistant.  —  Fl.  Dan.  t.  1059 ;  JJryol.  Eui-. 
t.  21)1. 

ILvn.    Pciit  bogs  of  Arctic  America,  Greenland,  etc. 

2.  S.  sphSBricum,  Linn.  fil.  Dioecious :  loosely  cespitose, 
annual ;  stems  short :  lower  leaves  small,  ovate-acuminate,  the 
ui)per  much  larger,  broadly  obovate  from  the  narrowed  base, 
acuminate,  entire  or  obscurely  dentate :  capsule  oval,  fuscous ; 
ai)oph}sis  broader,  subglobose,  dark  red,  shining,  perforated 
by  stonuita  in  its  ujiper  j)art ;  pedicel  long,  slender,  flexuous ; 
lid  convex,  mamillate ;  teeth  large,  linear,  obtuse,  a])])roximat(! 
in  pairs,  orange.  —  Meth.  Muse.  33,  t.  1,  fig.  1;  Bryol.  Eiu'. 
t.  292. 

IlAn.     Rocky  Mountains  {Dntmmond). 

3.  S.  vasculosum,  Lmn.  Dioecious:  luennial  or  perennial; 
tufts  soft,  bright  green :  leaves  large,  distant,  the  lower  sul)- 
orbicular,  the  upper  broadly  obovate,  obtusely  acuminate,  entire ; 
costa  ending  below  the  apex:  male  plants  more  slender,  Avith 
smaller  and  more  distant  leaves:  capsule  short,  cylindrical,  red- 
orange,  on  a  large  spherical  minutely  tuberculose  dark  purple 
or  bluish  black  apophysis,  irregularly  wrinkled  when  dry;  lid 
hemis])herical,  yellow;  teeth  in  pairs,  short,  orango-colo'-ed. — 
Sp.  PI.  ed.  2,  1572  ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  294. 

HAii.     Hudson's  Ray  (Drninmond)\  Sitka  {Bischoff). 

4.  S.  ampuilaceum,  Linn.  Monoecious  and  dioecious : 
loosely  cespit(  o  ;  stems  generally  short,  annual  or  biennial : 
lower  leaves  lanceolate,  the  upper  obovate,  long-lanceolate, 
acuminate,  more  or  less  coarsely  serrate  above,  very  soft,  pale 
green :  capsule  small,  narrowly  oval,  cylindrical,  yellowish ; 
apophysis  large,  enlarged  upward,  i^yriform,  soft  and  fleshy, 


Splachniim.] 


BRYACE^. 


195 


purple  when  old,  gradually  narrowing  to  a  long  purple  pedicel ; 
lid  highly  convex  or  short-conieal,  obtuse ;  teeth  approximate 
or  united  in  i)airs,  yellow. —  S^).  PI.  1108  ;  IJryol.  Eur.  t.  "JDS. 

IIaij.  Cranberry  swamps  of  Ohio,  New  England,  rennsylvania.  New 
Jersey,  and  northward ;  rare. 

f).  S.  rubrum,  Linn.  1.  c.  Dicceious:  loosely  tufting, 
annual  ;  stems  short :  leaves  large,  open,  recurved  at  the  apex, 
enlarged  in  the  middle  from  a  narrowed  base,  more  abruptly 
narrowed  and  lanceolate,  long-acuminate  upward,  distinctly 
sei-rate  from  below  the  middle  :  niale  ])lants  much  smaller,  with 
smaller  leaves :  capsule  small,  oval-truncate,  thin,  membrana- 
ceous, dirty  yellow;  apoi>hysis  very  large,  campanulate, 
umbrella-shaped,  purple,  on  a  very  long  reddish  pedicel ;  lid 
highly  convex ;  teeth  IC,  large,  densely  articulate,  joined  in 
])airs  at  base  and  sometimes  at  the  apex,  the  dividing  line 
effaced  at  the  apex.  —  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  295. 

IlAn.    Rocky  Mounlains  {Drummond);  Maine  {A.  Young). 

6.  S.  luteum,  Linn.  1.  c.  Differs  from  the  last  only  in  the 
leaves  not  as  coarsely  dentate,  and  the  umbrella-like  a])0])hysi8 
convex  and  bright  yellow ;  the  teeth  are  a  little  narrower.  — 
Ih'vol.  Eur.  t.  296.  /S.  melanocaulon^  Schwaegr.  Suppl.  ii.  1. 
'2S,'t.  109;  Mitten,  Journ.  Linn.  Soc.  viii.  22. 

IIab.  Western  North  America,  from  several  collectors,  accord  in?  to 
written,  who  states  that  specimens  collected  by  Burke  in  the  Rocky  Moun- 
tains show  an  extraordinary  variation  in  the  capsules. 


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Tribe  X.    PHYSCOMITRIE^. 

Plants  annual  rarely  biennial,  small,  gregarious  or  sub- 
ces])itose,  of  soft  texture,  sparingly  branching  by  innovations. 
Leaves  comparatively  large,  soft,  composed  of  large  thin 
hyaline  hexagonal  or  rhomboidal-oblong  cells,  and  with  a  thin 
loosely  areolate  costa,  obovate  or  spatulate-acuminate. 
FloA\'ers  monoecious  or  dicecious,  the  male  discoid,  axillary, 
terminal  only  in  young  plants.  Calyj)tra  tetragonal,  vesicular 
when  young,  cucullate  or  mitriform.  Capniie  o\al  or  s])herical, 
erect,  regular  or  cernuous-gibbous ;  the  sporangium  free, 
adherent  to  the  capsule  by  filaments.  Lid  convex  or  mamil- 
late.    Peristome  none  or  simple  or  double. 


196 


BRYACE^. 


[Pyramiiiula. 


\M 


70.  PYRAMIDULA,  Brid. 

Calyptra  large,  enclosing  the  caitsule,  dehiscent  hy  a  lateral 
cleft.     Orifice  of  the  capsule  naked.     Spores  very  large,  smooth. 

1.  P.  tetragona,  Brid.  Stems  short,  simple :  leaves  ovato- 
oblong,  gradually  acuminate  or  cuspidate  by  the  cxcurrent 
costn,  concave  and  entire  :  male  buds  at  the  base  of  the  fertile 
plants  :  capsule  globose,  short-pedicellate,  with  inflated  collum  ; 
lid  convex,  obtusely  apiculate.  —  Muse.  Recent.  Sui)pl.  iv.  20. 
Physcomitrium  tetragonum^  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Bryol.  Eur. 
t.  298;    Sulliv.  Mosses  of  U.  States,  52. 

11 AR.  Sandy  soil,  San  Marcos,  Texas  (  Wri<ihi)\  sandy  plain  near  tlie 
depot  at  Vincennes,  Indiana  (Lesquereux)\  plains  of  Colorado  (E.  Ilall). 

71.  APHANORHEGMA,  Sulliv.     (PI.  4.) 

Plants  g"'^"'^rlous  or  subcespitose,  Avhitish  green.  Stems 
short,  sparingly  dividing  by  innovations.  Flowers  moncccious 
or  occasionally  synoecious.  Calyi)tra  narrowly  conical,  mitri- 
form,  covering  the  upper  part  of  the  capsule  by  its  lobate  base. 
Capsule  immersed,  very  shortly  pedicellate,  sj)litting  in  the  mid- 
dle at  maturity,  without  decoloration  at  the  line  of  separatio'i. 

1.  A.  serratum,  Sulliv.  Lower  leaves  open,  flexuous,  the 
«pl>er  close,  nearly  erect,  oblong  and  spatulate-lanceolate,  short- 
acuminate,  serrate  from  the  middle  upward  ;  costa  percurront; 
basilar  cells  large,  rectangular,  the  marginal  often  yellowish : 
capsule  globose,  minutely  papillose  at  the  apex  :  spores  tuber- 
culate.  —  Mosses  of  U.  States,  52,  t.  4,  and  Icon.  JMusc.  95, 
t.  57.  Schistidium  serratum^  Hook.  &  Wils.  in  Drumm.  INIusc. 
Am.  n.  20 ;  Sulliv.  Mem.  Amer.  Acad.  n.  s.  iii.  CO,  t.  2,  C. 
Phijscomitriimi  serratum^  Muell.  Syn.  ii.  545. 

IIau.  Damp  clayey  ground,  river-banks,  road-sides  in  the  woods,  and 
in  open  cultivated  ground  In  the  Northern  and  Middle  States;  not  rare. 

72.  PHYSCOMITRIUM,  Brid.    (PI.  4.) 

Plants  simple  or  sparingly  branching  at  base  by  innovations. 

Calyptra  scarcely  descending  to  the  middle  of  the  capsule. 

Capsule  regularly  dehiscent  with  a  distinct  naked  orifice. 

1.  P.  immersum,  Sulliv.  Plants  small,  annual,  gregarious 
or  widely  subcespitose,  green :  leaves  large,  obovatc  or  lingr- 


Physcomilfium.] 


BRYACE^. 


197 


latp,  lanccohito,  acuminate,  more  distinctly  serrate  from  the 
iiiiat  ^'  uj)\var(l  than  those  of  ApJuiHorhf<jnia ;  niari^iiial  cells 
yellow:  male  flowers  terminal  on  young  plants,  becoming 
lateral  by  the  growth  of  the  fertile  innovations:  ealyi)tra  erect, 
litng-beaked,  niitrate,  (juadrilobate,  scarcely  reaching  to  the 
middle  of  the  lid  :  capsule  short-pedicellate,  immersed,  sub- 
globose ;  li<l  large,  hemispherical,  convex,  apiculate.  —  Mosses 
of  U.  States.  51,  t.  4,  and  Icon.  Muse.  U3,  t.  60. 

llAU.  IJiver  banks,  Suutliorn  Ohio  (Lea)\  Western  Pennsylvania 
(Les(/it('rcit.v);  South  Carolina  {liaccncl). 

DirtVrs  from  AplM.wrhvijiaa  na-rely  in  the  inflorescence,  the  dehiscence 
of  the  lid,  and  the  leaves  more  distinctly  serrate  by  yellowish  cells. 

'2..  P.  pygmSBUm,  James.  Plants  still  smaller  than  in  the 
last ;  stems  prostrate  at  base,  radiculose,  bipartite :  leaves  soft, 
whitish  green,  the  lower  distant,  flexuous,  the  up])er  loosely 
lut'tetl,  ovate-hmceolate,  slightly  serrate  ;  cost:<  jiercurrent  or 
vanishing  below  the  apex  ;  marginal  cells  transversely  oblong, 
in  5  to  7  rows:  capsule  oblong,  pyriform  when  em])ty ;  lid  com- 
paratively long ;  annuhis  narrow,  persistent ;  pedicel  twisted 
to  the  left.  — Bot.  King  Exp.  404. 

Had.  On  tlu;  ground  above  Parley's  Park,  in  the  WpUsatch  Moun- 
tains, Utah,  at  (!,.'J00  feet  altitude  {]Vatson)\  a  few  imperfect  specimona. 

The  small  size  of  the  plants  and  their  prostrate  black  radiculose  stems 
separate  this  species  from  all  its  congeners.  It  closely  resembles  P. 
llookvrl,  but  differs  in  its  size,  the  narrow  annulus,  etc. 

3.  P.  pyriforme,  Brid.  Densely  gregarious  or  widely  and 
loosely  cesj)itose  ;  plants  robust,  yellowish  green  :  leaves  open 
or  llexuous,  soft,  the  lower  distant,  ovate-lanceolate,  the  Uj»per 
tufting,  spatulate  or  oblong-lanceolate,  concave,  serrate  from 
the  middle  upward  ;  costa  vanishing  below  the  apex  :  calyptra 
large,  mitriform,  descending  to  the  middle  of  the  capsule  :  cap- 
sule large,  long-pedicellate,  orbicular-pyriform,  the  cells  stir- 
rounding  the  orifice  transversely  rectangular  in  multiple  series; 
lid  convex-conical,  obtusely  apiculate  or  rostellate.  —  Bryol. 
Univ.  i.  08  (under  G>/mnostomnm) ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  299.  Gi/ni' 
)iostom\im  pi/riforme^  Iledw.  F'und.  Muse.  ii.  87. 

II An.  On  wet  open  and  shaded  groimd,  wet  meadows;  very  common. 
The  variety  described  below  in  Florida  (Daniel  li.  Smith,  Garber). 

Plants  very  variable  in  size,  appearance,  color,  etc.,  according  to  habi- 
tat. Luxuriant  in  wet  places,  with  longer  larger  whitish  green  leaves 
and  longer  operculate  capsule,  on  reaching  dry  ground  it  gradually  be- 
comes short  and  yellowish,  Mith  shorter-pedicellate  nearly  globose  capsule 


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198 


BRYACE^. 


[Physcomitrium. 


and  shorter  mamillate  lid.  A  marked  variety  from  Florida  may  be  a  dis- 
tinct species.  It  has  longer  narrower  leaves,  very  flexuotis  and  nearly 
twisted,  deeply  dentate,  and  with  stronger  percurrent  costa.  The  lons^ 
slender  pedicellate  capsule,  with  a  short  obtuse  lid,  is  generally  gibbous 
on  one  side,  widely  eidiirged  at  the  orifice  and  cupulifonn  when  empty. 
Anotlicr  variety,  Gymnontomum  turtipett,  lirid.,  has  long  llt!XUous  sloiuler 
steins,  with  distant  narrowly  lanceolate  acuminate  leaves  dentate  at  the 
apex,  the  pyriform  capsule  distinctly  inflated  at  the  coUum  and  narrowed 
at  the  oritice. 

4.  P.  Hookeri,  Ilampc.  Much  like  small  forms  of  P.  2>>/fi- 
Jonie,  from  which  it  differs  in  the  broadly  oval  gradually  acu- 
minate leaves,  with  borders  entire  or  very  slightly  serrulate 
below  the  apex,  by  the  protrusion  of  the  marginal  cells,  the 
quadrate  smaller  upper  cells,  and  the  short  thick  pedicel  of  the 
oval  obconical  capsule,  which  is  slightly  constricted  under  the 
broad  orifice,  rugose  and  gradually  i)assing  into  a  tluck  unde- 
fined collum.  The  annulus  is  thick,  broad  and  persistent, 
adhering  to  the  oritice  or  falling  piecemeal.  — Icon.  Muse,  under 
t.  30.  Gyninostonium  turbinatum,  Mich.x.  Fl.  13or.-Am.  ii.  lJ80. 
6^.  kUifolium^  Drumm.  Muse.  Amer.  n.  16 ;  Schwaegr.  8uj)j)l. 
iv.,  t.  304,  V>.  P.  latifvUiimy  Lhidb.  Ofvers.  Akad.  xxi.  595 
(18G4).  P.  hians,  Lindb.  Manip.  Muse.  i.  51  (1870);  Sulliv. 
Icon.  Muse.  Suppl.  26,  t.  16. 

IIah.  Wet  meadows  and  marshy  fields,  in  the  Western  States,  often 
mixed  with  P.  pyrlforme. 

5.  P.  acuminatum,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Plants  shorter 
than  in  P.  ]}\jHforme^  generally  fitouter  and  less  divided :  the 
Itsav^s  ovate-lanceolate,  acute,  concave,  very  entire  or  obscurely 
serrate  at  the  apex,  yellowish-margined  at  the  base ;  costa  per- 
current or  excurrent :  calyptra  large,  sometimes  persistent  after 
maturity  of  the  capsule :  capsule  si)herical  with  inflated  col- 
lum, constricted  imder  the  oritice  when  empty ;  lid  short,  con- 
vex, apiculate  :  spores  large.  —  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  300.  Gymno&to- 
nnim  acuminatum,  Schleich.  Cat.  PI.  Ilelv.  ed.  4,  40. 

IlAU.     Texas  ( \Vri(jM)\  Illinois  (E.  Hall). 

6.  P.  turbinatum,  Muell.  ined.  Plants  ccspitose,  much 
divided,  straw-color :  leaves  open  and  flexuous,  oblong  and  nar- 
rowly lanceolate,  distinctly  acuminate  by  the  excurrent  costa, 
entire  at  the  apex ;  areolation  smaller  and  more  compact :  male 
plants  terminal :  capsule  long-pedicelled,  broadly  ovate-turbi- 
nate  ;  lid  small,  rostrate. 

Hab.    Texas  {Boll). 


Entosthodon.] 


BUYACE^. 


199 


From  imperfoot  specimens  kindly  communicated  by  Mueller  we  find 
that,  as  in  1'.  uniminatum,  the  leaves  are  entire  at  the  apex,  or  nearly  so, 
antl  the  form  of  the  operculate  capsule  is  nearly  the  same.  It  differs, 
iiowevor,  in  tlie  larger  leaves,  not  ovate  but  rather  linear,  the  capsule 
longer-pedicellale,  vithoiit  colluni,  and  the  lid  longer-mamillate  or  ob- 
tusely rostrate.  The  stems  are  nuich  longer  and  more  divided;  the  male 
brauches  long,  like  the  fertile  inuovatious. 

73.  ENTOSTHODON,  Schwaogr.  (PI.  4.) 
Plants  aniiuiil  or  reproduced  by  innovations,  simple  or  ])rancli- 
int;.  Leaves  variable,  even  in  the  same  species,  with  a  loose 
hyaline  soft  areolation.  Flowers  moncecious,  terminal,  the 
male  on  the  i)riinary  stems,  the  fertile  on  the  innovations  j 
antheri<lia  short ;  ])arai)hyses  inflated  at  the  apex.  Calyptru 
vesiculose-cucullate,  long-beaked,  shining.  Capsule  thick,  siil)- 
cernuous  or  })yiiform  in  connection  with  itscollum;  m:\rginal 
cells  rectangular,  in  many  transverse  series ;  lid  small,  j)lano- 
convex.  Peristome  attached  far  below  the  orifice,  either  very 
rudimentary,  or,  as  in  all  the  American  species,  of  IG  distantly 
articulate  teeth,  trabeculate  on  the  inside,  narrow,  confluent  at 
base.     Annulus  none.     Spores  large. 

1.  E.  Drummondii,  Sulliv.  Plants  ccspitose,  gregarious, 
vcllowish  trreen  ;  stems  very  short :  leaves  tufted,  obovate, 
lanceolate  or  lingulate-lanceolate,  concave,  more  or  less  dis- 
tinctly crenulate  l)y  the  prominence  of  the  yellowish  marginal 
cells :  capsule  short,  symmetrical,  oblong-pyriform  and  enlarged 
at  the  orifice  when  empty ;  pedicel  comparatively  long,  flexuous ; 
lid  convex,  apiculate;  teeth  linear-lanceolate,  dark  red,  granu- 
lose,  striolate  lengthwise;  articulations  distant:  spores  reddish 
brown,  subpapillose.  —  jNIosscs  of  U.  States,  51,  t.  4,  and  Icon. 
Muse.  91,  t.  55  ;  Sulliv.  &  Lesq.  Muse.  Bor.-Am.  n.  15G''-  B. 
ohtusifoUas,  Hook.  &  Wils.,  Drumm.  Muse.  Am.  (Coll.  II.) 
n.  36 ;  not  of  Hook.  fil.     Funaria  Drummondii^  Lindb.  3Iani]). 

Muse.  i.  G2. 

IIab.  Moist  clay  soil,  Louisiana  (I)ruinmond]\  near  Montgomery, 
Alabama  (Sullkant)\  rare. 

2.  E.  Bolanderi,  Lesq.  Plants  gregarious;  stems  longer 
than  in  the  last  species  :  stem-leaves  very  few,  the  upper  loosely 
tufted,    obovate,    lanceolate-acuminate,    with    borders    entire, 


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200 


BRYACE^. 


[Entosthodon. 


i! 


nil 


hy.'ilinc;  costa  short,  scarcely  j)assing  above  the  in'Khlle :  niak! 
flowers  ill  smaller  buds  at  the  base  of  the  fertile  ones:  capsule 
pyriform,  gradually  dcflueiit  to  a  long  slightly  iullated  cuMum; 
lid  highly  convex,  niamillate  ;  teeth  j)ale,  whitish,  granulose  ; 
articulations  and  dividing  line  very  obscure.  —  Trans.  Atp.er. 
Phil,  Soc.  xiii.  10;  Sulliv.  &  Les<j.  Muse.  I]or.-Ani.  (ed.  2), 
n.  230;    Sulliv.  Icon.  Muse.  Supj.l.  '2S,  t.  17. 

IIah.     On  clayey  soil  near  the  bay  of  San  Francisco  (liolnndir). 

A  very  dlslinct  species,  even  deviating  soiuewluit  from  llie  generic 
characters  In  Its  broad  very  soft  entire  leaves,  costatc  only  to  the  middle, 
whil(  In  its  iiillorescence  it  resembles  Fnnarid,  and  in  its  calyplra,  which 
is  five-lobcil  at  base  and  rather  mitrate,  it  is  like  a  I'hj/scointtriain. 

3.  E.  Templetoni,  Schwacgr.  More  or  less  densily  gre- 
garious :  stem-leaves  few,  distant,  the  ujiper  tufted,  broadly 
obovate  or  s])atulate-obloiig,  acuminate;  border  nari'ow ;  cells 
more  or  less  unecjual,  yellow  ;  eosta  dividing  below  the  acumen: 
capside  dclluent  into  a  long  coilum,  i>yriform,  obconical  and 
truncate,  furrowed  when  empty;  teeth  lanceolate-subulate, 
reddish,  ]>a])illose,  distantly  articulate;  articulations  j)romincnt 
on  the  sides:  spores  verruculose.  —  Suppl.  ii.  1.  44,  t.  113; 
Bryol.  Eur.  t.  302.  Wcisaia  Toiipletoai^  Ilook.  in  Curt.  Fl. 
Lond.  i,  t.     I'^Diaria  attcnuatd,  Lindb.  Mani]>.  Muse.  i.  03. 

llxu.    Swamp  near  Mendocino,  California  (Bnl'xnder). 

74.  PUNARIA,  Schreb.  (PI.  3.) 
Habit,  mode  of  growth,  form  of  leaves,  reticulation  and 
calyi>tra  as  in  the  preceding  genus.  Capsule  gibbous,  obtusely 
pyriform,  narrowed  to  a  more  or  less  elongated  curved  coilum ; 
pedicel  generally  long,  straight,  or  arcuate  above ;  lid  plano- 
convex ;  annulus  none  or  cotnpound  and  revoluble.  Peristome 
rudimentary  or  more  generally  double,  the  outer  of  10  teeth, 
very  hygrometrical,  obliquely  curving  to  the  right,  prominently 
trabeculate  on  the  inner  side  with  purj)le  stria),  pale  and  granu- 
lose on  the  outside,  connected  at  the  apex  by  a  small  reticulated 
disk;  inner  membrane  divided  into  10  cilia  opposite  to  the 
outer  teeth  and  adhering  at  the  base,  lanceolate  or  more  or  less 
rudimentary,  yellowish,  with  a  longitudinal  medial  line,  distantly 
papillose.  Sj^orangium  much  smaller  than  the  capsule,  attached 
to  it  by  loosely  entangled  filaments.     Spores  generally  large. 


Funaria.] 


BRYACEiE. 


201 


♦  Peristome  perfect :  annulus  none. 

1.  P.  Americana,  I.indb.  Plants  small,  greiijarlous  or 
loosely  ct'spitose  ;  istc'iii.s  very  short:  leaves  half  open,  ohlong- 
ovate,  aeuniinate,  loosely  areolate,  borders  nearly  entire;  eosta 
excurrent :  eapsule  ereet,  subeermious,  rut^ulose  at  the  lon<^ 
inflated  colliun ;  pedicel  short,  twisted  to  the  left  in  its  lower 
part,  to  the  right  in  the  upper  when  dry;  lid  conical,  obtuse. — 
Ofvers.  Akad.  xx.  iil)S,  and  xxi.  597;  Sulliv.  Icon.  Muse.  Su|)pl. 
30,  t.  19.  J'\  Muldenhcrffii^  Iledw.  fil.  in  Turn.  Muse.  Ilibern. 
lOG  (name  only) ;  Schwaegr.  Suppl.  .  2.  78,  t.  GO,  mainly,  excl. 
descr. ;  Sulliv.  Mosses  of  U.  States,  51. 

II AU.     roniisylvaiiia  {Muhlenbi  nj,  Jainea). 

±  P.  Mediterranea,  Lindb.  1.  c.    Plants  ^  to  1  cm.  long, 

loosely  cespitose  :  lower  leaves  distant,  oblong-lanceolate,  de- 
tlexetl,  the  u])j)er  open,  erect  or  spreading,  ovate-oblong, 
abruptly  narrowed  to  a  long  filiform  flexuous  actuncn,  ob- 
scurelv  serrate  or  nearlv  entire  above;  costa  vanishiuij  below- 
the  ajiex:  capsule  clavate-])yriform;  lid  convex-conical;  ]>odicel 
twisted  both  Avays  as  in  the  i)receding  species. —  /•'.  Mu/Jen- 
ber</ii,  Turn,  in  Kocn.  &  Sims,  Ann.  Bot.  ii.  198  ;  Hryol.  Eur. 
t.  803.  7''.  C(dr<irea,  Schimp.  Syn.  3*J0,  excl.  syn. ;  Watson, 
Bot.  Calif,  ii.  388,  in  part. 
IlAH.     California  (litf/elow,  liolander). 

3.  P.  calcarea,  AVahl.  Plants  slightly  larger  than  in  the 
former  species:  leaves  oblong-lanceolate,  gradually  narrowed  to 
a  straight  acumen,  sharply  serrate:  capsule  obovate,  turgid, 
with  a  long  less  inflated  collum ;  pedicel  longer,  twisted  to  the 
left  its  whole  length.  —  Vet.  Akad.  Ilandl.  xxvii.  137,  t.  4,  f.  2. 
2*\  Jlibeniica,  Hook,  in  Curt.  Fl.  Lond.  ii,  t. ;  Bryol.  Eur. 
t.  304. 

II An.    British  America  (Drummond);  Utah  (  Watson). 

4.  P.  serrata,  Brid.  Plants  short,  dirty  green,  loosely 
cespitose:  leaves  tufted,  oblong-lanceolate  or  lingulate-lanceo- 
late,  short-pointed,  serrate  above ;  costa  vanishing  below  the 
apex:  capsule  pyriform  on  a  long  pedicel  twisted  to  the  left 
when  dry;  lid  convex,  apiculate.  —  Muse.  Recent.  Suppl.  iii. 
70 ;  Sulliv.  Icon.  Muse.  89,  t.  54. 

IIak.    Moist  clay  banks  and  sand  rocks,  Southern  States. 

5.  P.  Californica,  Sulliv.  &  Lesq.  Plants  very  small,  pale 
green,  loosely  cespitose:   stem-leaves  few,  small  and  distant; 


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202 


IIRYACE.K. 


[Funaria. 


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f 


iijtj»('r  leaves  tufted,  ereet,  ol)l()n^,  short-pointed,  concave,  very 
entire;  areolalion  more  compact ;  cosla  subconlinuous:  capsule 
erect,  ohlouLT  or  oUovate,  syinnietrical,  t^radually  narrowini^  to 
tlie  shoit  colliiin  ;  pedicel  short,  straij^ht,  twisted  to  the  left;  lid 
convex,  sulx'onical.  —  !Musc.  IJor.-Ajuer.  Exsicc.  (ed.  ti),  n.  238; 
.SuUiv.  Icon.  Muse.  Suppl.  UO,  t.  IH. 
Ham.    Clay  soil;  Auburn,  Ukiah,  clc,  Califuruia  (Bolander)',  Orcf;on 

*  *  Anmilus  lar^/e,  re  volute. 

0.  F.  COnvoluta,  Ilamjte.  Plants  short,  loosely  cespitose: 
outer  leaves  spreadiniif,  with  borders  involute,  the  inner  con- 
volute, and  infoldiui^  the  pedic«'I,  oblontj-ovate,  acute,  entire; 
costa  jiercurrent:  capsule  ol)li(|uely  jtyrifonn,  more  or  less 
plicate;  pedicel  rather  long;  lid  umbonate,  acute.  —  J^innuja, 
XXX.  400. 

IIau.     Siena  Nevada,  California  (,/.  A.  Ilauer). 

Aceonliii!;  to  IIk;  aiUlior  this  si)ecies  resembles  F.  calveaerna,  Scliwaogr., 
diff(^riiii;  in  its  sliorter  leaves  with  a  smaller  areolalion,  the  lid  prominently 
uml)onate  (not  Hat),  and  the  teeth  yellowish,  not  blaekish. 

7.  P.  flavicans,  idichx.  Plants  soft,  loosely  cespitose: 
Rtem-leavcs  distant,  vei'y  small ;  upper  leaves  tufted,  large,  very 
soft  and  loosely  fireolate,  oblong-spatulate  or  obovate,  entire; 
costa  percurrent :  capsule  curved  downward  or  horizontal,  pyri- 
form,  gradually  attenuated  to  a  very  long  pedicel;  lid  })lano- 
convex,  subapiculato.  —  Fl.  15or.-Am.  ii.  3U8 ;  Sulliv.  Mosses  of 
U.  States,  50,  and  Icon.  Muse.  87,  t.  53. 

ILvn.     Moist  sandy  and  clayey  ground;  Middle  and  Sonthern  States. 

It  (lilYers  from  F.  hyrirometrica  in  the  pale  color  of  the  i)hint3,  espe- 
cially of  the  capsule,  the  leaves  more  abruptly  narrowed  into  a  long  llex- 
uous  point,  the  mouth  of  the  capsule  more  enlarged  and  less  oblique,  and 
the  spores  larger. 

8,  F.  hygrometrica,  Sibth.  Plants  variable  in  size, 
simple  or  divided  from  the  base:  comal  leaves  erect,  pressed 
together,  rarely  open,  oblong-ovate,  short-pointed,  entire,  cos- 
tate  to  the  apex :  capsule  arched  and  turgid  on  the  ujiper  side, 
pA'riform,  coriaceous,  reddish,  deejily  furrowed ;  pedicel  very 
long,  flexuous;  lid  convex.  —  Fl.  Oxon.  288;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  305. 
JlniiDH  h}/[/romet7'icum,  Linn.  Sp.  PI.  1110. 

Var.  calvescens,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Leaves  open-spread- 
ing, the  comal  flexuous  on  the  borders,  twisted  when  dry.  —  J^. 
calvescens,  Schwaegr.  Suppl.  i.  2.  77,  t.  65. 


JiartnimUi.]  UKYACE.E. 

Var.  patula,  Bruch  &  Schimj).  Comal  leaves  narrower, 
spread! II Lj;  eosta  percurreiit.  —  /'.  Jiacentlii,  Au.st.,  Couit.  l>ot. 
(III/.,  i.  -JU. 

IIaii.  Hiiro  c;rouii(l,  moist  sand  and  rocks;  very  common.  TIio  varie- 
ties mostly  in  tin.'  Sonlhcrn  .Stat('<^. 

9.  F.  microstoma,  nruch  it  Schini]*.  Differs  from  the 
last  in  its  smaller  size,  the  capsule  pyriform,  more  turLjitl  and 
tliieker,  dark  brown  and  sliinini,',  the  lid  much  smaller  and 
mamillate,  the  internal  |)eristome  very  imperfeet,  and  the  spores 
twice  as  lari^e. —  Hrvol.  Kur.  t.  IJlMl. 

IIau.  Moist  gravelly  ;,'r<)Mnil;  Soiia  .Sprini;s  on  tlio  Upper  Tuolumne, 
California  (Uulauihr)',  Illinois  (l'atUi\sun,  Scltneck). 

Tnini:  XI,     BAUTIJAMIE.E. 

Plants  perennial,  dichotomons  or  branching  by  subfloral 
innovations.  Leaves  varying  from  ovate-lanceolate  to  subulaie, 
costato,  i>apillose  on  both  faces:  areolation  minute  and  (piad- 
rate  above,  loose  and  hexagonal-rectangular  at  base.  Flowers 
bisexual,  mon<iH'ious  or  diojcious,  the  male  generally  disci/id  in 
the  dia'cious  species.  Calyptra  small,  cucullate,  very  fugacious. 
(■aj)sul'!  s])herical  or  nearly  so,  without  coUnm  or  with  an  indis- 
tinct one,  cernuous  or  rarely  erect,  plaited-striate  Avhen  dry  or 
rarely  smooth.  Lid  small,  muticous.  Peristome  none  or  sim- 
ple or  more  generally  double  with  the  segments  of  the  inner 
membrane  split  into  two  diverging  ])arts;  cilia  none  or  simple 
and  more  or  less  distinct.     Annulus  none. 

75.  BARTRAMIA,  Ilcdw.  (PI.  .3.) 
Stems  erect  and  dichotomous,  radiculose-toraentose  below. 
Leaves  opaque,  yellowish  green,  half-clasping  or  subdecnrrent 
at  base,  serrate  at  the  a})ex;  costa  round,  vanishing  with  the 
apex  or  passing  above  it  into  a  point  hispid  on  the  back. 
Capsule  globose  or  broadly  ovate ;  lid  small,  convex  or  obtusely 
pointed.  Teeth  of  the  outer  peristome  attached  to  the  basilar 
membrane  passing  above  the  orifice,  lanceolate,  transversely 
articulate,  lamellate  inside,  marked  on  the  back  by  a  dividing 
line.     Spores  minute,  hispid,  yellowish  brown. 


204 


BUYACE^. 


[liartraiina. 


III 


-h 


«   QipHulc  €rc<;t,  symmctriail :  jieriatume  none  or  nimple. 

1.  B.  Menziesii,  Turn.  I'lants  inorc!  or  less  di'iiscly  ccsjti- 
losc;  htciii.s  it  to  10  I'.rii.  loiiLj  t)r  more,  KiiiijtU'  or  h|»:iriiiL;Iv 
braiu'licd,  brown  within  tlir  tufts,  brij^ht  or  ytllowish  j^rciii 
above:  ii'iivt'S  clost-Iy  inibricati*,  erect  or  half  open,  concave, 
jdicate  and  reflexed  on  the  borders  at  the  enhir^^ed  ovate  base, 
hmceolatc,  nubuhite-dentate  above;  costa  stout,  j»er»in'reiit, 
rou^h  on  the  back;  jtericha'tial  leaves  similar;  peiii^onial 
broadly  ovate,  deeply  concave  at  base,  abruptly  lon^-subulatc, 
scabrctus  (»n  the  liack:  flowers  <li(ecious;  male  plants  siniple, 
shorter,  the  llowcrs  terminal  or  lateral  by  iiniovations,  L^cinniii- 
ccouh;  antheridia  curved,  yellowish  brown  with  numerous  lontij 
filiform  j»araphyses;  fruitini^  flowers  lateral  by  innovations: 
cajtsule  erect,  broadly  oval,  symmetrical,  pale  brown  ;  pedicel 
short,  1  to  1!  ni.m.  h)n<jj,  pale  red  or  dark  yellow,  twisted  to  the 
left ;  lid  coidcal,  obtuse  :  jieristome  simple,  of  10  short  lanceolate 
irregularly  articulate  reddish  teeth,  sometimes  rudimentary  or 
none. —  Koen.  &  Sims,  Ann.  Bot.  i.  O'JO,  t.  11,  f.  1;  Hook. 
Muse.  Kxot.  t.  07;  Schwaci;r.  Sup]>l.  iii,  t.  240;  Sulliv.  & 
Les(j.  Muse.  l>or.-Am.  Exsicc.  (ed.  2),  n.  251);  SuUiv.  Icon. 
Supi»l.  iiU,  t.  20.  Gli/p/iocarj)a  JJaucri,  llam}>e,  Linniua,  xxx. 
4.07. 

llAii.  C.'ilifornia,  not  rare;  Spokan  Falls  (  Watson).  The  normal  form 
on  sliadoil  ro(;ks  in  the  woods,  varying  on  dry  exposed  rocks. 

Tiie  species  varies  according  to  its  liabitat.  On  dry  exposed  rocks  the 
sfeiiis  are  shorter,  the  slic;litly  shorter  and  narrower  leaves,  appressed 
wlieu  dry,  are  open  ami  erect  when  moistened;  the  capsule  is  somewhat 
Ioniser  and  narrower;  the  peristome  eitlier  wanting  or  fragmentary  and 
rodufod  to  a  pellucid  membrane  more  or  less  irregularly  lacerated.  This 
is  the  variety  n.  200  of  the  Muse.  Exsicc.  (n.  2^)0  by  mistake),  and  repre- 
sents Glj/pliocMrpa  Jiaueri.  It  is  not  possible  to  ascertain  which  of  the 
two  forms  represents  the  original  species  of  Hooker,  as  no  author  appears 
to  have  seen  the  peristome  complete.  The  specimens  in  Taylor's  herba- 
rium have  longer  stems  and  short  oval  capsule,  like  the  noimal  form,  but 
no  peristome,  and  therefore  con'bine  characters  of  both  forms. 

2.  B.  SUbulata,  Bruch  &  Scliimp.  Plants  in  short  com- 
pact tufts  ;  stems  slender :  upper  leaves  more  densely  crowded, 
erect-open,  strict,  rigid,  ghuicous-green  when  youtig,  linear- 
subulate  and  sharply  serrate  above  the  ovate  half-clasping  base; 
costa  subpercurrent :  flowers  androgynous ;  antheridia  mixed 
with  the  archegonia  or  separated  by  a  single  leaf  only :  capsule 
on  a  strict  short  reddish  pedicel,  globose-ovate,  marked  from 


nartramin.] 


bittack.t:. 


205 


tho  rniddio  upwanl  with  ol  'rtcurt'  htriir,  furrowcd-plicato  when 

dry  and  «'iiij)ty  ;  lid  stnall,  coiiv«  x,  cotiical ;  tcfth  i-ithcr  prost'tit, 

narrow,  iiii«'(|iial  and  oranujc-colorcd,  or  absent  and  the  oritico 

surrotindt'd  l»y  a  short  thin  pellutid  mcnibrani'.  —  liryol.  Eur. 

t.  31."). 

IIau.  Colorado  (/JryjitZrj/ce);  Sitka  (Uulhrock);  Flower  Bay,  Alaska 
{Dall). 

3.  B.  striata,  IJrid.  Tufts  cotnpa<'t,  cflauoous-i^rcon  above  : 
loavcH  open,  t'rt'ct,  strict,  strai<;ht  and  fragile  wlicn  <lry,  lancoo- 
latc'-subulati',  serrate  a])ovo  ;  meshes  of  the  areolation  Hinaller 
than  in  the  preeedin<;  species;  costa  excurrent  into  a  spiiu'scent 
awn:  flowers  bisexual:  capsule  ovato-globose,  erect,  rarely 
slij^htly  cernuous,  suleatc-ribbed  when  <lry ;  peilicel  strict, 
obscurely  tetrai^onal  above  and  twisted  to  the  rii;ht  ;  lid  con- 
vox,  obtuse,  short-nianiillate  and  erose ;  teeth  either  reujular 
and  entire  or  irrej^uhir  at  the  borders,  perforated  aloiiix  the 
dividinir  line,  yellow:  spores  vi-rrucose.  —  ]Musc.  Kecent.  ii.  3. 
132,  t.  1,  f.  f);  15ryol.  Eur.  t.  3I(>. 

II AH.  Kooks  near  San  Francisco  {Jiohinder,  Gihhnni^);  Colorado 
{Parnj). 

*  ♦   Ciipatde  curved ;  lid  oblique  ;  jyf^riatome  double. 

4.  B.  ithyphylla,  IJrid.  1.  e.  Stems  lonj^cr  than  in  the 
last:  leaves  oj>en-erect,  strict,  eidar<;ed,  white  and  claspini^  at 
base,  linear-subulate  and  coarsely  serrate  above;  costa  thick, 
gradually  occupying  the  whole  lamina  above  :  flowers  bisexual : 
capsule  globose-oblong,  more  distinctly  cm'ved  and  (h'ejdy  fur- 
rowed when  <lry ;  lid  eonical-obtuse  ;  teeth  re<ldish  blown,  irreg- 
ularly perfo:  ted,  sometimes  bifid  at  the  apex ;  inner  segments 
yellow,  cleft,  much  shorter  than  the  teeth.  —  I>ryol.  Em-,  t.  317. 

IIau.  Fissures  of  rocks  on  mountains;  White  Mountains,  Adiron- 
dacks.  Hocky  Mountains,  Sierra  Nevada  and  Cascade  Motintains,  Sitka, 
etc.  Also  rarely  on  the  plains;  Fayette  Coanty,  Peiuisylvania  (Kubjht). 
Varies  with  shorter  fragile  leaves,  not  as  white  at  the  base,  and  not  as 
abruptly  narrowed  above  it. 

5.  B.  CEderiana,  Swartz.  Plants  slender,  loosely  tufted, 
dark  green  above :  leaves  open  and  recurved,  soft,  twisted  when 
dry,  narrowly  lanceolate,  plicate,  earinate  and  serrate  toward  the 
apex  ;  borders  more  or  less  revolutc  ;  costa  narrow,  pereurrent, 
serrate  on  the  back  above :  flowers  bisexual :  cajxsule  small, 
globose  or  ovate-oblong,  incurved  and  ribbed  when  dry ;  pedi- 
cel slender  and  slightly  curved,  of  medium  length;    lid  and 


m^ 


'M-« 


m 


1 


i 


206 


BRYACEvE. 


[Bartramia. 


poriistome  as  in  the  following.  —  Schrad.  Jonrn.  Bot.  iv.  180, 
7?.  gracilis,  Flocrke  ;  IMuell.  Syn.  i.  508.  J5.  (Ederi^  SLhwaen-r. 
Suppl.  i.  2.  40,  t.  59;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  318. 

ITah.  On  wet  rocks  in  mountains,  or  northward,  from  New  England  to 
the  iJocky  Mountains  and  Canada. 

Variable,  in  more  or  less  compact  densely  tomentose  tufts.  The  dark 
green  color  of  the  tufts,  the  slender  stems,  and  the  shorter  leaves  give  to 
this  moss  an  appearance  dilTerent  fiom  that  of  the  following  species. 

C.  B.  pomf^'ormis,  Ilcdw.  Tufts  deep,  flat  and  wide,  or 
smaller  and  pulvinate,  yellowish  green  above,  jiale  brown  and 
tomentose  within :  leaves  open  or  erect-spreading,  curved  or 
cirrhate  when  dry,  lanceolate,  carinate,  sharply  serrate  above, 
the  borders  revolute  from  the  middle  downward;  costa  per- 
T"  current  or  excurrent  into  a  short  spinulose  awn :  lowers  an- 
drogynous (male  and  female  flowers  contiguous)  :  capsule 
spherical,  long-pedicellate ;  outer  teeth  regular,  densely  articu- 
late ;  segments  shorter  than  the  teeth,  cleft  open ;  cilia  simple, 
short  or  rudimentary.  —  Spec.  Muse.  1G4;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  310. 
J3ri/nm  pomi.fortne,  Linn.  Sp.  PI.  1115. 

Var.  crispa,  Schimp.  Stems  and  leaves  longer,  narrower, 
cirrhate-twisted  when  dry:  capsule  short-pedicellate.  —  B. 
crispa,  Swartz. 

II AB.  Shady  banks  and  fissures  of  rocks;  common  on  the  eastern 
slope,  in  valleys  and  mountains;  Columbia  River,  Oregon  (llalL  Nci-'iu.s). 

7.  B.  Halleriana,  Iledw.  Plants  soft,  in  bright  green 
tufts :  leaves  long,  narrowly  subulate  froni  an  enlarged  whitish 
lialf-clasping  base,  serrulate  above,  spreading  all  around  the 
stems  or  inclined  on  one  side,  flexuous  when  dry :  flowers  as  in 
the  preceding  species:  capsule  on  a  short  curving  pedicel,  often 
binate,  becoming  lateral  or  as  if  axillary  by  the  continuous  inno- 
vations of  the  stems,  pale  brown ;  lid  very  small,  convex-coni- 
cal ;  teeth  dark  brown,  incurved  when  dry.  —  Muse.  Frond,  ii. 
Ill,  t.  40;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  320. 

IlAn.     Ilocky  ;^[ountains,  Portage  River  (Drummond). 

8.  B.  radicalis,  Beauv.  Plants  soft,  loosely  tufted,  glau- 
cous-green, tomentose  their  Avhole  length ;  stems  short,  j^rostrate 
at  base,  branching  from  below  the  floriferous  apex  :  leaves 
erect,  open  and  subsecund,  linear-lanceolate,  cuspidate  by  the 
excurrent  costa,  sharply  serrate,  ])apillose  on  the  inner  face 
only;  periduvtial  broadly  ovate,  .abruptly  and  narrowly  lo'ig- 
acurainatc  from   the   enlarged  base :    flowers  mona^cious,  the 


Ccnostomum.] 


BRYACE^. 


207 


male  gcmmaceous,  olosc  to  the  fertile  ones ;  pcrigonhil  leaves 
broadly  concave  at  base,  long-subi'late  above  :  cajtsule  on  a  long 
slender  flexnous  pedicel,  globose,  subhorizontal ;  lid  very  small, 
conical-apiculate ;  teeth  lanceolate-subulate  at  the  apex,  dark 
orange,  longer  than  the  segments;  cilia  short  or  rudimentary. 
—  Prodr.  44;  Sulliv.  Mosses  of  U.  States,  50,  and  Icon.  Muse. 
85,  t.  52. 

IIab.  On  the  ground  In  wet  springy  places  and  margins  of  swamps  in 
the  Southern  States;  not  uncommon. 

Allied  to  Ji.  rifjkJa,  a  European  species,  which  has  less  linear  leaves 
with  only  the  lower  surface  papillose,  relloxed  margins,  a  thick»'r  shorter 
pedicel,  and  an  oblong-globose  capsule  with  a  IhicUor  outer  membrane. 

B.  WiLSONi,  Muell.,  is  reported  in  Ran  &  Ilervey's  catalogue  as  found 
in  Xew  .Jersey  by  Auatin.  We  have  seen  no  other  mention  and  no  speci- 
mens of  it.  It  is  a  small  plant,  with  soft  subsecund  leaves;  capsules  ag- 
gregated in  the  same  pericluutium,  very  soft,  on  arcuate  pedicels,  glohose- 
pyriform,  without  peristome. 

76.  CONOSTOMUM,  Swartz.  (PI.  3.) 
Plants  erect,  in  small  compact  tufts,  fastigiatcly  l)ranching, 
toraentose-radiculose.  Stem-leaves  equal,  the  oomal  longer, 
densely  crowded,  imbricate  in  five  ranks,  the  stem  appearing 
pentagonal ;  areolation  of  the  leaves  tiie  same  as  in  Jiartnimia. 
Flowers  dioecious,  the  male  discoid.  Calyptra  cucullate,  per- 
sistent. Capside  long-pedicellate,  cernuous,  inflated,  obovate 
from  a  short  coUum ;  lid  small,  straight-beaked.  Peristome 
sim]»le,  of  10  solid  linear-lanceolate  teeth,  joined  into  a  cone 
and  agglutinate  at  the  apex. 

1.  0.  boreale,  Swartz.  Tufts  glaucous-green  above  :  lower 
leaves  lanceolate,  costate  to  below  the  aj)ex,  the  upjM'r  narrowly 
lanceolate,  longer  cuspidate  by  the  excurrent  costn,  all  carinate, 
sturate  above,  opaque  and  brittle;  ])erich;ctial  leaves  numerous, 
larger,  thiniuM', -with  a  slender  costa ;  outer  ]>erig()nial  leaves 
lanceolate  from  r,  broadly  concave  l)ase,  the  iniu'r  gradually 
shorter:  ca])sule  sulcate  when  dry,  cernuous;  teeth  latticed, 
pui  pie.  —  Schrad.  Neu.  Journ.  l>()t.  i.  8.  20,  t.  4.  Iir>/iiw  tetrnr/- 
on)/)}},  Dicks.  Fasc.  Crypt,  ii.  8,  t.  4.  Bartramia  conosto7na, 
r>ruch  &  Schimi>.  Bryof.  Eur.  t.  322. 

IIab.  "White  Mountains  (Oakcs,  James);  Adirondack  ^lountains 
{LesqiKrcux);  Rocky  Mountains  (Dnuiunond)',  Alaska  (Dull), 


-/- 


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208 


BRYACE^. 


77.  PHILONOTIS,  Brkl. 


[Philonotia. 


Plants  short,  reclining  at  base,  or  long  and  erect,  l)ranchin<y 
by  (lichotonious  innovations  and  by  fasciculate  branclileta  ver- 
ticillate  in  fours  at  the  floriferous  apex,  radiculoso-tonientose. 
Stem-leaves  nearly  equal,  small  for  the  size  of  the  plants,  erect 
or  a  little  inclined  to  one  side,  lanceolate,  sharply  serrate,  papil- 
lose  on  the  angles  of  the  areoles.  Flowers  nioncecious  and 
dioecious,  the  male  discoid  in  the  dioecious  plants.  Capsule 
long-pedicelled,  cernuous,  globose,  striate.  Lid  small,  oblique. 
Inner  peristome  distinctly  ciliate. 

1.  P.  Muhlenbergii,  Brid.  Dioecious:  plants  loosely  and 
widely  cespitose ;  branches  numerous,  nearly  simple,  slender, 
flexuous,  with  fasciculate  branchlets:  stem-leaves  erect,  sub- 
secund  on  the  fruiting  stems,  lanceolate,  acute,  remotely  cir- 
rhate,  bright  green  ;  costa  thick,  rusty,  excurrent ;  inner  perichaj- 
tial  leaves  much  smaller,   lanceolate,  obtuse,  tc-ader,   whitish, 

^  strongly    nerved :     capsule    globose,    horizontal,    very    short- 

necked,  ribbed;  lid  convex,  acuminate  or  mucronatc;  segments 
nearly  as  long  as  the  teeth;  cilia  2,  short,  rudimentary. — 
IJryol.  Univ.  ii.  22.  Bartramia  Muhlenbergii^  Schwaegr. 
Suiijil.  i.  2.  58,  t.  Gl.  B.  Marchica.,  Sulliv.  Mosses  of  U. 
States,  49. 

Var.  tenella,  Brid.  Very  small,  densely  ces]>itosc ;  branch- 
lets  5  to  10,  unequal,  secund  or  recurved,  short  and  slender; 
leaves  short,  lanceolate;  capsule  globose-oblong.  —  Bartramia 
tenella,  Muell.  Svn.  i.  481. 

II All.  Springs  in  sandy  hills  and  rocks;  common  in  Ohio  and  Pennsyl- 
vania. Tlie  variety  is  given  in  Ran  &  Ilervcy's  cafalogucon  Austin's 
authority  as  from  Florida.     It,  is  a  West  Indian  and  South  American  form. 

The  characters  indicated  by  Scliwaegrichen  and  Mueller  as  separating 
this  species  from  P.  Marchica,  Brid.,  are  not  important.  They  consist 
merely  in  the  munerous  long  simple  slender  fasciculate  branches,  which 
in  P.  Mdrcliica  arc  described  as  of  various  lengths,  and  in  the  inner  peri- 
cha;tial  leaves  much  smaller  than  the  external  ones,  obtuse,  strongly 
nerved  and  whitish,  while  in  P.  Marchica  they  are  as  longer  even  longer. 

2.  P.  Macounii.  Plants  very  short  and  slender,  loosely 
cespitose,  dirty  or   yellowish   green :    leaves  narrowly   ovatc- 

'i-  lanceolate,  long-acuminate,  subulate,  strongly  serrate  and  flex- 

uous   to    the    apex ;    areolation    quadrate,   slightly    papillose ; 


Philonotls.] 


BRYACE.E. 


200 


branch-leaves  smaller,  snhfalcate  ;  perigoiiial  leaves  open-erect 
or  soinewiiat  sj)rea(ling,  tlexuous,  lanceolate-acmninate  from  a 
broadly  oval  much  enlarged  base ;  pericluetial  leaves  longer, 
striate,  subulate:  capsule  ovate  or  subglobose,  greenish  yellow, 
cernuous,  on  a  short  thick  blood-red  pedicel ;  lid  conical,  acute; 
segments  a  little  shorter  than  the  teeth  ;  ciliir  none. 

IIaij.     Vancouver  Island  {Macoun). 

A  slonder  delicate  species  related  to  P.  Miildenberf/'ti,  differing  in  the 
lon^ei-aciuninate  subulate  leaves,  with  shorter  q'ladrate  and  less  papillose 
areolation,  the  perisTonial  leaves  longer  and  acuminate,  flexuous  at  the 
point,  etc.  The  form  of  the  capsule  is  the  same;  the  pedicel  shorter, 
thick,  not  geniculate  i.t  base. 

3.  P.  fontana,  Brid.  In  wide  more  or  less  compact  yel- 
lowish green  tufts;  stems  long,  simple  or dichotomous;  branch- 
lets  verticillate,  nearly  equal :  leaves  often  of  two  forms,  cither 
small,  ovate,  obtusely  pointed  and  appressed  to  the  stems,  or 
larger,  ovate-lanceolate,  acute,  erect  and  ojjcn  or  sccund ;  costa 
excurrent  into  a  short  bristly  point ;  pericluetial  leaves  linear- 
lanceolate,  plicate  at  the  base,  all  serrate,  papillose,  glaucous- 
green  and  opaque  :  male  flowers  broadly  discoid ;  inner  peri- 
gonial  leaves  ovate,  lanceolate,  spreading  above  the  erect  con- 
cave base,  blunt  or  subacute,  densely  serrate  :  ca))sule  on  a  long 
solid  slightly  flexuous  pedicel,  cernuous,  ovate-globose,  of  thick 
texture,  striate,  longer  oblong  and  ribbed  when  old  ;  lid  convex- 
conical,  acute;  teeth  purple,  lanceolate;  cilia  two,  as  long  as 
the  segments.  —  IJryol.  Univ.  ii.  18.  3fnium  fontanum^  Linn. 
Spec.  PI.  1110.  Bartramia  fontana,  Swartz,  in  Schrad.  Journ. 
Bot.  ii.  180  ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  324;  Sulliv.  1.  c. 

Var.  alpina,  Bi-id.  Plants  short,  densely  foliate  :  leaves 
shorter,  ovate-lanceolate  :  capsule  shorter  pedicelled. 

Var.  falcata,  Brid.  Branches  curved  at  top  :  leaves  longer, 
falcate ;  costa  thick,  light  brown. 

IIau.  On  Uie  borders  of  springs  and  rivulets,  and  on  moist  rocks;  very 
common.  The  first  variety  on  liigh  mountains,  tlie  second  near  springs 
in  valleys  and  on  mountains;  not  common. 

4.  P.  calcarea,  Schimp.  IMuch  like  the  last,  differing  in 
its  thicker  wider  bright  green  tufts  and  more  robust  stems; 
leaves  larger,  crowded,  secund  or  falcate-secund,  ovate-lanceo- 
late, those  of  the  male  branches  often  smaller  and  ind^ricate, 
all  loosely  areolate  with  a  stouter  costa,  the  perigonium  large 
and  open,  and  the  involucral  leaves  long-lanceolate  from  an  en- 


^ 


^ 


fl 


I 

.11. 

■  ■ ) 

1 

1 

210 


BRYACE.E. 


[Phllonotis, 


larged  base,  .acute,  the  costa  projecting  on  the  upper  face  -.  cap- 
sule on  a  very  long  subllexuous  pedicel,  oval-globose  or  exactly 
sj)herical,  oblong,  curved  and  closely  furrowed  when  dry  ;  t(H'th 
siiorter,  more  distantly  articulate,  and  the  cilia  nearly  halt  as 
long  as  the  segments.  —  Coroll.  8G.  JJartnunin  adcarea,  Bruch 
&  Schimp.  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  325  ;  Muell.  Syn.  i.  475. 

IIab.  Calciireous  springs,  hills  and  mountains;  raro.  Whito  ^fonn- 
tains  ( Oakes) ;  Iluniboldt  Mountains,  Nevada,  and  in  the  Uintas  (  W'utsnn). 

The  habitat  of  this  species  in  North  Aniorica  is  still  uncertain.  Tlie 
specimens  that  were  determined  and  distributed  under  this  name  in  Sulliv. 
&  Lesq.  Muse.  Bor.-Amer.  Exsicc.  (ed.  2),  n.  250,  have  been  considerod 
by  JSchimper  as  a  marked  variety  of  P.  J'ontuna,  or  as  an  intermediate 
form. 

5.  P.  Mohriana.  Dinpcious :  the  stems  short  and  stout, 
densely  foliate,  radiculose  below  ;  branches  thick,  unetpial,  gou- 
erally  short,  strict :  stem-leaves  also  very  strict,  open  in  a  dry 
or  humid  state,  dirty  yellow,  broadly  and  ex.ictly  lanceolate, 
long-acuminate,  indistinctly  plicate  lengthwise,  irregularly  con- 
cave at  base ;  borders  narrowly  revolute,  densely  serrulate- 
denticulate  at  the  a|)ex,  nodulose  in  the  lower  part  by  projoct- 
ing  papilhc;  costa  deeply  canaliculate,  excurrent  into  an  awn- 
like ])oint ;  cells  of  the  areolation  long,  narrow,  linear-punctate, 
papillose ;  pericha'tial  leaves  similar,  broader  at  base,  loosely 
reticulate :  ca|)sule  on  a  tlexuous  stout  red  ])edicel  as  long  as 
the  stem,  slightly  oblique,  larger,  globose,  ])licate ;  lid  minute, 
umbonate;  peristome  double,  normal. — jBartmmia  Mohriana^ 
Muell.,  Kegensb.  Flora,  Ivi.  482  (1873). 

IIau.     Decayed  trunks  in  deep  woods;  Louisiana  {Mohr). 

Differing  from  P.funtana  and  P.  calcarea  in  its  sliort  stature,  and  the 
leaves  very  strict,  lanceolate,  loosely  reticulate  and  very  papillose.  Dr. 
Mohr  remarks  in  a  li  iter  that  the  species  is  very  near  P.  Schlwnbcrr/eri, 
a  Mexican  species,  and  that  he  is  in  doubt  of  its  being  North  American, 
having  failed  to  find  it  again  in  Louisiana. 

Tribe  XII.    MEESTE^. 

Plants  varying  in  size,  simple  or  branching  by  innovations, 
radiculose-tomentose.  Leaves  3-8-ranked,  lanceolate  or  linear- 
oblong.  Calyptra  fugacious.  Capsule  long-pedicellate  and 
long-necked.  Lid  small,  convex  or  conical.  Peristome  double; 
teeth  of  the  outer  much  shorter  than  the  carinate-plicate  iimer 
membrane  (absent  in  Catoscopium)^  which  is  divided  mto  16 


Amhhjodon.] 


ERYACEiE. 


211 


ROtTTncntc,  sometimes  partly  cohering  by  the  lacerate  borders ; 
cilia  none  or  rudimentary. 

78.  OATOSCOPIUM,  Brid. 

Plants  slender.  Leaves  open,  erect,  lanceolate,  acutely  acu- 
minate with  a  strong  percurrent  costa ;  perieli.iptial  leaves 
longer,  half-sheatiiing  to  the  middle  ;  areolation  small,  quad- 
rate-oblong or  rectangular,  opaque.  Flowers  dicecious,  the 
male  gennniform.  Calyrtra  long,  narrowly  cucullate.  Cap- 
sule small,  globose,  tiiick,  dark  brown,  l)!ack  when  old,  polished, 
narrowed  by  its  short  coUum  to  the  twisted  i)edicel  (1  or  'J  cm. 
long).  Lid  short,  conical,  obtuse.  Peristome  simj)le ;  teeth 
short,  irregular,  punctulate.     Annulus  none. 

1-  0.  nigritum,  Brid.     The  only  species,  with  the  char- 
acters of  the  genus.  —  Bryol.  Univ.  i.  308,  t.  4 ;  Bryol.  Eur,       "^ 
t.  313.      Weisia  nitjrita,  Iledw.  Muse.  Prond.  iii.  97,  t.  39. 

IIau.  Lake  Superior,  in  boggy  meadows  {A(jassiz)\  Lake  Huron, 
Ontario  (Maconn). 

A  very  rare  species  in  North  America,  easily  known  by  its  small  globose 
blackish  capsules,  resembling  pinheads.  The  genus,  though  abnormal  in 
its  characters,  is  more  nearly  related  to  the  Meesleoe  than  to  any  other 
group  of  mosses. 

79.  AMBLYODON,  Beauv. 

Plants  short.  Leaves  remote,  few,  the  upper  tufted,  all  thin, 
soft,  very  loosely  areolate.  Flowers  bisexual  and  unisexual  on 
the  same  plants,  the  male  with  few  or  no  archegonia.  Capsule 
thin,  stomatose.  Lid  narrowly  conical.  Teeth  half  as  long  as 
the  narrow  segments  ;  cilia  none. 

1.  A.  dealbatus,  Beauv.  Leaves  oblong-ovate  and  lingu- 
Inte-lanceolate,  the  comal  only  minutely  serrate  toward  the 
acuminate  apex,  whitish  when  old,  twisted  when  dry;  costa 
dirty  brown,  vanishing  below  the  apex :  capsule  soft,  long- 
pyriform,  turgid  and  attenuated  to  a  long  neck,  which  is  i. 
abruptly  narrowed  to  a  long  fleshy  pedicel,  twisted  to  the  left 
when  dry:  spores  large.  —  Prodr.  41;  Bryol.  Eur.  t,  307. 
Bryitm   dealbatum,  Dicks.  Crypt.  Fasc.  ii.  8,  t.  5.      Meesia 


iii 


r 

i 
it* 

*■ 

1 

It 

i 

1 

III 

212 


UllYACE^E. 


[Mcesia. 


4  m  ' 


1      i. 


lUHill 


111 


+ 


4- 


iealhata,  Iledw.  Spec.  Muse.  174,  t.  41.  3Ieesia  Macoiuiii, 
Aust.  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  v.  22. 

Had.  IJoulors  of  rivulets  in  peat  bogs;  Mihvaiikie  (LeHqitereux,  Lap' 
liain);  Coloruilo  (liolhrock,  \VolJ')\  clay  ground  around  boiling  springs, 
Peace  River  country  (Macoun). 

An  examination  of  tlie  specimens  described  as  Mcesia  Macoiinii  proves 
them  to  be  evidently  ordinary  Amhlyodon  dcalbatua.  Though  the 
medial  nerve  is  said  to  extend  into  the  apex  it  is  found  in  all  the  leaves  to 
vanish  below  it,  as  in  the  normal  form.  The  specimens  are  in  a  poor 
state  of  preservation,  but  are  identifiable. 

80.  MEESIA,  Iledw.  (PI.  3.) 
Stems  long,  densely  cespitose,  with  few  branches;  innova- 
tions from  under  the  flowers.  Leaves  long,  linear,  narrowly 
lanceolate ;  meshes  of  the  areolation  small,  rectangular-hex- 
agonal, chlorophyllose.  F'lowers  bisexual,  moiKBcious  or  dioe- 
cious, the  male  discoid  with  elavatc  paraphyses.  Calyptra 
cucuUate,  fugacious.  Capsule  cernuous  from  the  erect  colluni, 
clavate,  thick-walled,  with  a  small  orifice.  Annulus  simple  or 
none. 

1.  M.  uliginosa,  Iledw.  Synoecious:  in  dense  short  tufts, 
green  above,  entangled  in  a  felt  of  brown  radicles :  leaves  8- 
ranked,  gradually  longer  upward,  the  comal  long-linear,  all 
blunt  or  obtuse,  the  borders  entire  and  revolute ;  costa  thick, 
vanishing  below  the  aj)ex  :  capsule  incurved,  narrowly  pyriforrn, 
chestnut-color ;  lid  conical-umbonate ;  peristome  orange  ;  annu- 
lus simple.  —  Muse.  Frond,  i.  1,  t.  1 ;  Bryol.  Ear.  t.  308.  Am- 
bli/odttm  idif/inosiim,  Beau  v.  Prodr.  41. 

Var.  alpina,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  More  densely  tufted : 
leaves  strict  or  turned  to  one  side :  capsule  and  pedicel  shorter. 
—  j\/.  a/pina,  Funck. 

Var.  minor,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Plants  short: leaves  erect, 
short,  niuticous  :  capsule  short,  thick,  and  short-pedicelled.  —  J/. 
minor,  Brid. 

Hab.  Boggy  places  and  in  wet  fissures  of  rocks  on  mountains;  Minne- 
sota, Ontario,  etc.,  not  rare;  the  varieties  in  the  White  Mountains. 

2.  M.  longiseta,  Iledw.  Syna?cious:  stems  long,  simple: 
loaves  remote,  the  lower  lanceolate,  shorter,  the  upper  long- 
lanceolate,  all  slightly  deciirrent,  open,  crispate  Avhen  dry ; 
borders  plane,  very  entire ;  costa  vanishing  below  or  within  the 


I'lbulclii.] 


IJIlYACEvE. 


213 


ficiite  apex :  capsule  erect,  oblonij-pyriform  at  the  collum,  cer- 
iiuous  above,  very  loiig-pedicelled,  pale  brown;  lid  conieal- 
obtuse;  teeth  of  the  outer  peristome  not  half  as  long  as  tlie 
segments;  annulus  Bim])le.  —  Muse.  Frond,  i.  oG,  t.  -1,  -2; 
Ijryol,  Eur.  t.  809. 
IlAi!.     Cranberry  swamps  in  Northern  Ohio;  not  rare. 

3.  M.  Albertinii,  Brueh  &  Sehimp.  Monoecious:  shorter 
and  nun'e  slender  than  the  preceding:  leaves  carinate,  blunt  or 
acute  at  the  aj)ex,  the  borders  relieved:  tlowers  all  unisexual : 
jiedicel  and  coUuni  shorter;  lid  umbonate;  teeth  very  short, 
perforated  in  the  middle  or  bifid,  scarcely  one-third  as  long  as 
the  scginents;  annulus  none.  —  JJrvt>l.  Eur.  t.  310. 

llAi!.     Swamps  near  York  Factory,  iJritisli  America  {Dntmmund). 

4.  M.  tristicha,  l>ruch  &  Sehimp.  Dicecious:  ])lajits 
widely  and  loosely  cespitose,  very  long,  dark  green  :  leaves 
three-ranked,  distant,  more  crowded  toward  the  apex,  half- 
clasping  and  decurrent  at  base,  squarrose,  carinate,  shar])ly  den- 
tate on  the  borders,  the  comal  longer  and  narrower:  male 
ilowers  discoid ;  perichietium  trigonal,  composed  of  six  leaves, 
narrowly  acuminate  from  a  very  broad  base  :  caj)sule  on  a  very 
long  pedicel,  pyriform,  incurved  from  the  long  erect  collum; 
lid  convex-conical,  alveolate;  teeth  short,  une(iual,  often  bifid; 
segments  appendi(;ulate,  linear,  very  long,  three  times  as  long 
as  the  teeth,  dirty  yellow:  sjtores  small.  —  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  Jill. 
Midnm  triquetrum,  Linn.  Sp.  PI.  1114. 

IIah.  Teat  bogs,  generally  with  M.  lowiiseta.  Lake  Superior  ( Agnssiz, 
Porter);  Closter,  New  Jersey  (Austin);  Washington  Terr.  (Lyall);  rare. 

81.  PALUDELLA,  Ehrh. 
Plants  loosely  and  .videly  cespitose  :  stems  simple  or  dividing 
by  a  simple  shoot  under  the  apex,  tomentose-radiculose.  Leaves 
all  equal,  close,  five-ranked,  decurrent,  erect  to  the  middle  ami 
there  abruptly  reflexed,  acutely  carinate,  irregularly  denticulate 
toward  the  apex  and  radiculose  at  base;  pericha^tial  leaves 
erect,  narrower,  flexuous,  subvaginate ;  areolation  round-hexag- 
onal, dense.  Flowers  dia?cious,  the  male  discoid  :  perigonial 
leaves  broadly  ovate,  apiculate.  Calyptia  long,  very  narrow, 
fugacious.  Capsule  long-pedicellate,  short-necked,  erect  or  sub- 
cernuous,  oblong,  smooth  when  dry.     Lid  convex,  short-apicu- 


-f 


}  H  -I  ^ 


i 


f 


21-1  BRYACE^.  [Puludelta. 

late.     Peristome  as  in  Webera,  the  outer  teeth  as  long  as  the 
carinate  linear  segments;  cilia  none.     Annuliis  double. 

1.  P.  SquarrOSa,  l^rid.  Characters  of  the  genus.  —  Muse, 
liecent.  Suii])!.  iii.  1'2 ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  .'U2.  JJryiun  squarrosum^ 
Ilc'dw.  Spec.  Muse,  ISO,  t.  44. 

JlAu.     IJo.^s  in  tlie  Kocky  Mountains  {Dnottmond)',  Ilerliimer  County, 
New  York  (liau).    A  very  rare  and  beautiful  moss. 


Tribe  XIII.    BRYE.E. 

Plants  varying  in  size.  Stems  simple,  branching  by  innova- 
tions, more  or  less  radicidose.  Leaves  eostate,  often  dentate; 
areolation  nearly  uniform,  j)arenchymatose  in  the  whole  laiuiii;i 
or  ])rosenchymatose  toward  the  a])ex,  generally  smooth.  IMalo 
Howers  gennniform  or  discoid.  Calyj)tra  cuculiate,  smooth. 
Capside  globose  or  ovate  or  i)yriform,  cernuous  or  horizontal  or 
pendent,  rarely  erect,  Avith  a  distinct  stomatose  collum,  long- 
pedicellate.  Lid  mamillate,  rarely  rostrate.  Peristome  rarely 
absent  or  simi)le,  generally  double  and  large;  outer  teeth  tv.vjs,- 
versely  barred,  marked  externally  and  lengthwise  by  a  medial 
line,  the  inner  formed  by  the  keeled  lanceolate  segments  of  the 
basilar  membrane,  alternating  with  the  outer  teeth,  sometimes 
adherent  to  them,  separated  or  not  by  one  to  three  filiform 
cilia,  either  nodose  or  appendiculate. 

82.  MIELIOHHOPERIA,  Hornsch. 
Flowers  lateral  at  or  above  the  base  of  the  stem  or  of  the 
annual  innovations.  Leaves  lanceolate,  shining,  serrate;  areo- 
lation narrowly  hexagonal-rhomboidal  or  linear,  uniform.  Male 
flowers  gemmiform  or  the  antheridia  in  the  axils  of  i)ericha3tial 
leaves.  Calyi)tra  cuculliform,  very  small  and  fugacious.  Peri- 
stome sim})le,  of  16  narrow  distantly  trabeculate  teeth  proceed- 
ing from  an  internal  carinately  IG-plicate  membrane.  Annulus 
large. 

1.  M.  nitida,  Nees  &  Hornsch.  Dia'cious  :  plants  in  com- 
pact tufts ;  stems  divided  into  fastigiate  slender  filiform  inuova- 


If 


Ltptobryum.] 


BJlYACEiE. 


215 


lions  :  leaves  small,  erect,  imbricate  when  dry,  lanceolate,  cos- 
talu  to  near  the  ^llar|)ly  sen-ate  apex  :  caj»sule  j»yrit'orm  or  oval, 
with  a  long  coilum,  symmetrical,  erect  or  ohli^uc;  petlicel 
slender,  ilexuous;  lid  short-conical,  obtuse;  peristome  simple; 
teeth  narrowly  linear,  with  nodose  articulations,  yellowish ; 
annulus  conipi)und,  rev(»lul>le.  —  IJryol.  Germ.  ii.  183,  t.  41; 
Uryol.  Eur.  t.  '6'!^.  W'eisia  JlicUc/i/io/eri,  Hook.  Muse.  Exot. 
t.  10. 

Var.  macrocarpa,  Muell.  Leaves  more  obtuse:  innova- 
tions clavate  and  more  densely  foliate.  —  Syn.  i.  liJiu.  Weidiu 
macrocarpa^  Drunim.  Muse.  Amer.  u.  74. 

II Au.    Kucky  Aluunlaius  (JJruiiu)iond). 


83.  LEPTOBRYUM,  Schimp. 
Plants  slender,  radicuh^se  at  base.  Leaves  narrow,  flcxuous, 
subulate,  glossy;  areolation  (as  in  Wtdera)  linear-rhoniboidul 
above,  the  lower  looser,  rectangular-hexagonal.  Flowers  bisex- 
ual. Calyi»tra  very  small.  Capsule  inclined  or  })endent.  Lid 
nianullate.  iVristome  double ;  articulations  of  the  intermediate 
cilia  appendiculate.     S])orangium  smaller  than  in  Jiri/unt. 

1.  L.  pyriforme,  Schimp.  Plants  loosely  cespitose,  soft, 
green,  glossy;  stem  short:  lower  leaves  distant,  narrowly 
lanceolate,  the  upper  tufted,  much  longer,  lanceolate-subulate, 
more  or  less  serrate  tow-ard  the  a])ex;  ]>nsilar  areolation  some- 
what broader  than  the  upj>er;  costa  excurrent :  capsule  oval- 
gloltose,  long-necked,  yellowish  brown,  glossy ;  pe<licel  long  and 
slender;  lid  apiculate  from  a  conical  base;  annulus  large. — 
Coroll.  04.  Mniani  pi/riforme,  Linn.  Sp.  PI.  1112.  J^rijum 
pyriforme^  Iledw. ;  Uryol.  ?]ur.  t.  355 ;  Sulliv.  INIosses  of  U. 
States,  44.  Webera  ^)y;vyc»r>;i<5,  Iledw.  Muse.  Frond,  i.  5, 
t.  3. 

IIah.    On  sandy  shaded  ground,  burnt  and  decaying  trees,  etc.;  very 
common. 

84.  WEBERA,  Iledw. 

Stems  slender.     Leaves  lanceolate,  glossy;  areolation  rhom- 

boidal-hcxagonal,  narrow,  more  or  less  linear. 

The  areolation  of  the  glossy  leaves  and  a  more  slender  costa  are  the 
essL'utial  characters  separating  this  genus  from  liri/uin. 


f- 


i-. 


\:.m 


»:  ; 


m 


^^■i^JSgE^S^t 


216 


miYACE^. 


[  Wehera. 


SuiujENUS  I.     POIITJA. 
Lower  loaves  siiuill,  distant,  tlie  ui>j)er  much  lonj^er,  tuftetl. 
Capsule  loni^-neekc'd,  ceriuious  or  horizontal.     Inner  niunil)rane 
narrow,  with  the  segments  entire,  and  cilia  none  or  very  .short. 
♦  I'7ou'ers  inomecioiis^  the  male  yemmiform  and  terminal. 

1.  W.  acuminata,  .Sehimp.  Lower  leaves  erect,  the 
Uj»j)er  lineMr-laneeolate,  irres^ularly  dentate  at  the  apex;  borders 
rellexed  toward  the  base;  costa  vanishing  under  the  aj)ex  or 
excurrent:  eajtsule  narrowly  elliptical,  on  a  long  pedicel  curved 
in  the  u]»per  part;  lid  long-conical,  acute  or  subrostellate,  red- 
dish at  the  base;  peristome  large;  segments  long  and  narrow, 
entire;  cilia  none.  —  Coroll.  G-1,  and  Syn.  330.  Voldia  acumi- 
nata., Ilojtjie  ifc  Ilornsch.,  Itcgeusb.  Flora,  ii.  1.  04.  Hrjum 
actnninatmn,  liruch  &  Schini]).  Jiryol.  Eur.  t.  343. 

IlAiJ.  Adirondack  Mountains,  m-ar  North  Elba  (Lisqucrciix);  Wis- 
consin {L(i})hain);  Colorado  {llvtfirock,  Wulf)',  Kocky  Mountains  (Z>;-j(;/i- 
mond,  llall). 

*  *  Antheridia  hypogynous^  axillary. 

2.  W.  polymorpha,  Schim]).  1.  e.  Loosely  cespitose : 
comal  leaves  open,  lanceolate  from  an  oblong  base,  sharj)ly  ser- 
rate toward  the  j)()int;  borders  rcHexed  at  base;  costa  vanish- 
ing below  the  .i])cx :  capsule  oval-oblong,  short-necked,  horizon- 
tal or  inclined,  constricted  under  the  orifice  after  the  dehiscence 
of  the  conical  obtuse  or  mamillate  lid  ;  ])edicel  straight  or  llex- 
uous;  inner  j)eristome  without  cilia.  —  Pohlia  polymorpha., 
IIopj)e  &  Ilornsch.  1.  c.  100.  liryxun  polymorpliutn.,  Bruch  ifc 
Sehimp.  IJryol.  P^ur.  t.  344. 

IlAii.  Oregon  (Hall)',  Mount  Dana,  California  (Bolander)',  Sitka 
{Bischoff). 

This  species  is  subject  to  many  varieties,  like  tlie  last,  from  whicli  it 
differs  in  its  smaller  less  solid  ovate-lanceolate  (not  linear)  leaves,  more 
distinctly  serrate,  the  areolation  shorter,  and  broader  at  the  base,  the 
costa  not  as  thick,  tlie  capsxde  shorter,  narrowed  under  the  orifice  when 
deoperculate,  and  the  lid  shorter. 

3.  "W".  elongata,  Schwaegr.  Cespitose  or  gregarious : 
comal  leaves  long-lanceolate,  open-erect,  narrowed  and  serrate 
at  the  apex,  recurved  in  the  middle,  thin ;  areolation  narrow, 
nen^'ly  linear  in  the  upper  part,  hexagonal-rectangular  below: 
capsule  narrowly  elliptical,  long-necked,  erect,  and  constricted 


Wehcra.] 


BRYACn.E. 


21: 


uiulcr  the  orifice  when  (leojiorculMte,  often  of  two  colors;  ju'ili- 
eel  hnuLT;  li«l  conical,  acute  or  ol»li(jiu'ly  rosti'llate  ;  inner  peri- 
stome with  one  or  two  more  or  less  j>erfeet  cilia,  or  none. — 
Spec.  Miisc.  IS.  Jii'i/ion  elotKjdtimt,  Dicks.  Crypt.  Fasc.  ii.  S; 
liryol.  Kiir.  t.  ii\^)\  SuUiv.  .Mosses  of  IT.  States,  11.  J'oAlia 
dontjiita,  IK'dw.  ^lusc.  Fri)ntl.  i.  IM),  t.  oO. 

Var.  humilis,  Schimp.  Stem  short:  leaves  shorter:  cap- 
sule small,  inclined,  short-necked,  constricted  under  the  orilice 
when  dry,  ivddish  brown  ;  pedicel  short. 

II. \n.  Cnviccs  of  rocks  in  mountiiins;  not  rare.  The  variety  in 
Colorado  (  iro//"i.t  liuthrock). 

4.  W.  longicolla,  Iledw.  Plants  longer,  more  densely 
tufted  than  in  the  precedimjf,  yellowish  Lfreen,  matteil  with 
brown  radicles;  steins  simple  :  h^wer  leaves  short,  s(|nainiforra, 
gradually  longer  toward  the  apex,  thinner,  with  a  broader  areo- 
lation  ;  bortlers  sharply  serrate  from  the  middle  upward  ;  costa 
narrow,  generally  vanishing  below  the  Jij»ex  or  jtercurrent,  of  a 
gl(»ssy  yellow  color:  cajisule  oblicpie  or  horizontal,  oblong- 
elhptical,  shorter  and  with  a  shorter  regular  collum,  solid,  dark 
orange  ;  lid  convex-conical,  uniform  in  color,  sometimes  with  a 
short  incurved  beak  ;  ])eristome  large,  yellow,  the  inner  more  or 
less  distinctly  ciliate.  —  Spec.  I\rusc.  IGl),  t.  41.  JJn/uni  longi- 
collnti},  Swartz,  ^lusc.  Suec.  49  and  99,  t.  G.  D.  donyatumy  var. 
alpinum^  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Hryol.  Eur.  t.  340. 

IIab.     Cascade  Mountains  (Lyall). 


;  ia 


111 


Ii 


^  '1 


H 


I 


• 


Subgenus  II.    WEBERA,  proper. 

Leaves  l.)roader,  more  loosely  tufted,  the  comal  not  as  rapidly 
elongated :  capsule  thicker,  short-necked,  inclined  or  pendent ; 
inner  memlnane  of  the  peristome  broader,  and  the  segments 
separated  by  smooth  cilia. 

*  Floicers  monoecious ;   the  antheridia  in  the  axils  of  comal 

leaves. 

5.  W.  nutans,  Iledw.  Cespitose :  lower  leaves  ovate- 
lanceolate,  entire,  the  upper  gradually  longer,  linear-lanceolate, 
serrate  at  the  apex ;  borders  flat ;  costa  thick,  tenacious,  red- 
dish, glossy :  capsule  oblong-ovate,  with  a  broad  orifice,  yellow- 
ish brown,  or  darker  when  old  ;  lid  highly  convex  ])apiilate  ; 
teeth  dark  orange,  pale  and  filiform  at  the  apex  ;  the  segments 


-h 


218 


nil  V  ACE. E. 


[  Wvbera. 


■f 


;!     J 


of  lilt!  iiiiKT  peristoiiu^  palo  yi'llow,  8|)lit  open  ;  li!".:;  -  or  1], 
HtroiiLjIy  Jirticuhiti",  as  l<»ii;^  as  the  trrtli  ;  aiiinihis  lariat',  revu- 
lulik'.  —  .Muse.  Frond,  i.  U,  t.  4.  /it'i/nm  nnt(i/iSy  Sohrcb, 
Spicil.  Fl.  Lips.  M  ;  Jiryol.  Eur.  t.  .'UT  ;  .Sulliv.  1.  c 

\':ir.  CSBSpitosa,  Sfliiiup.  SU-ms  loni,',  brancliiiiLj  by  intio- 
valii>iis  from  IjcIow  lliu  apex:  leaves  loii^fcr,  slii;litly  (k-xnous: 
capsule  narrower,  horizontal.  —  Coroll.  (>(»,  and  Syn.  ;{;{.'». 

N'ar.  bicolor,  Sehiin|).  Comal  leaves  shorter :  ('a|isiile  thick, 
loiiuj-nccivcd,  its  upper  half  darker  colored  than  the  lower;  pciji- 
cel  i^eniculate. 

Var.  longiseta,  Schimp.  .'^tems  short,  simple:  comal 
leaves  numerous,  lar^c,  spreading:  capsule  pi'udenl  upon  a 
loni;  pedicel. 

JIaij.  Moist  }i;rouii(I,  peat  l)0,i;3  ami  swamps  in  (he  plains,  ami  (issMios 
of  rocks  111  iuountaiiis;  common.  The  first  ami  last  varidifs  at  Twin 
Laltcs,  Colorado  (  ll'o// ct  liutltruck);  the  second  in  the  Wiiili'  Alouu- 
tains  iJiiiiir.-i)\  Alaska,  etc. 

0.  W.  CUCuUata,  Schimp.  Densely  cespitose ;  stems  sim- 
j)le  or  sparini^ly  branched:  lower  leaves  an<l  branch-leaves  sub- 
ind)ricate,  ovate,  concave,  obtuse,  entire,  the  upper  Ioniser,  nar- 
rowed and  serrato  at  the  ape.v,  often  cucullate,  soft  and  sul)- 
opacjue:  capsule  pendent,  thickish,  pyrifoi'ui,  short-necked,  soft, 
dark  brown  when  old;  teeth  short  and  narrow,  yelK)wish ; 
inner  seijments  very  thin,  pale  and  narrow,  separated  by  short 
fuiijacions  cilia.  —  Coroll.  G,  and  Syn.  ol)!).  Jiri/>on  cuoiUatmn^ 
Schwaegr.  Suppl,  i.  2.  94,  t.  08;  Jiryol,  Eur.  t.  84Ji ;  Sulliv. 
Mosses  of  U.  States,  44. 

IIau.  White  Mountains  (Gray,  Oakes,  James)',  Mount  Dana,  Cali- 
fornia {liolander). 

*  *  I^oioers  dlcucious  and  bisexual  in  the  same  species. 

7.  W.  cruda,  Schimp.  1.  c.  Stems  lone:,  sim])lo,  pnriilo : 
lower  leaves  ovate-lanceolate,  entire,  the  u])per  tufted,  Hexuous, 
spreadint^,  long  and  ribbon-like,  distantly  serrate  at  the  ajx'X  ; 
inner  floral  leaves  shorter,  erect,  narrowly  lanceolate,  Isolde:; 
yellow  and  ijlossy  ;  costa  vanishing  below  the  a))ex,  reddish  at 
base:  antheridia  of  the  monu?cions  plants  mixed  with  the  arche- 
gonia,  in  the  dioecious  disj)osed  in  the  axils  of  the  u])per  sulv 
discoid  ])eri!j:onial  leaves  :  eaj^sule  curved  or  horizontal,  oblong, 
ahort-necked,  yellowish  brown  when  mature,  narrowed  at  the 
orifice   and  ventrieose  at  base  when  empty;    peristome   pale 


Wrhrra.] 


nUYAPK/K. 


219 


yi'Ilow  ;    ciliu  l)iii;itc!  ami  tcnialc,  |)<rt'i'ct.  —  Jlryum  crudnniy 
►Sfluvl).  1.  c.  !S:j  ;   J}|'y(>l.  Kiir.  t.  iUS  ;   Siilliv.  1.  C. 
II AU.     Fissure:!  uf  I'ocJcn,  uii  inuiiiitHiii.s;  iiul  ruru. 

»  ♦  *  /'lowers  ilUvciOHS, 

i^.  W.  sphagnicola,  Schlmj..  plants  solitary  or  a  few  to- 
UctliiT,  ill  liit'ls  t>t"  Sjthiitjiintn  ;  sti'ins  dai  k  |iiir|tlf,  very  loiij^  ami 
slender,  hraiicliin^- :  lower  leaves  very  distant,  small,  ovale- 
acuininatt',  entire,  the  upper  ;j;radnally  longer  and  tultinij, 
linear-lanceolate,  serrate  at  the  ajiex,  lilossy  :  male  plant  shorter 
and  smaller  ;  |»erii;'onia  sulxliseoid  ;  antheridia  disposed  in  pairs 
in  the  axils  of  the  periijfonial  leaves:  capsule  inclined,  oblonij  or 
obovate,  pyriform,  pale  brown;  pedicel  very  lonu'.  —  C'oroll.  GO. 
lii'ijiun  ap/uttjnicoltt^  IJruch  it  Schinip.,  l>i-yol.  Kur.  t.  .'Ml). 

IIaii.  Ill  iH'Jit  l>(),i,'s  of  !i  small  valley  mar  llio  lop  of  Mount  Murcy  In 
till!  Atliroiitlack  Mountains  (Lvsqucnax). 

W.  .ScillMl'iati,  Si'liiiiii).  (linjvm  Srliimprrl,  MucII.  .Syii.  i.  IJ.")!),  a 
species  very  similar  to  U'.  nutans,  differing  nicroly  in  its  reddish  color, 
smaller  leaves  with  a  denser  areolaliou,  the  did'cious  infloresceuee,  and 
small  periHt(;iiie,  is  recorded  from  (Greenland  in  Schimp.  Syii.  ed.  li,  400. 

U.  W.  aunotina,  Schwaeu;r.  Loosely  cespitose ;  stems 
sluM't,  simi»le  or  emittiiiLf  from  the  base  slender  more  or  less 
elony,ated  branchlets,  biill/iierous :  lower  leaves  and  branch- 
leaves  small,  lanceolate,  not  deenrrent,  ijradually  lari^er  and 
closer  upward  ;  conial  leaves  Ioniser,  linear-lanceolate,  serrate  at 
the  ajiex,  reHexed  in  the  middle,  ]nir|»lisli  at  the  solid  base; 
costa  stroHij,  jiercurrent :  male  flowers  thick,  many-leaved ; 
antheridia  and  jiarajiliyses  axillary:  eajisule  oval,  somewhat  long- 
iiecked,  inclineil  on  a  rcddisli  pedicel;  teeth  yellowish;  sei^- 
ments  carinate  and  cleft;  cilia  ]»erfect.  —  Spec.  ]\Insc.  52. 
Jh'j/iint  annotinion,  Iledw.  Spec.  3Iusc.  IHo,  t.  4:} ;  IJryol.  Eur. 
t.  Do:} ;  Sulliv.  1.  c. 

ILvn.     Mountains  of  New  England  (Oakrs,  JumeH). 

10.  W.  Drummondii.  Plants  small,  loosely  cesj)itoso, 
radiculose  and  ferrui^inous  below,  crreenish  above;  stems  slender, 
simple  or  branchiuLC  by  innovations  from  the  apex,  pur])lisli 
below  the  leaves:  stem-leaves  small,  distant,  more  densely 
crowded  at  the  top  of  the  fertile  jilants,  ovate-lanceolate,  cari- 
nate-concave,  sometimes  ])iirplish  at  base;  borders  sliyiitly 
reflexed,  obscurely  denticulate  at  the  apex  ;  costa  strotiir,  ixreen, 
thick  and  coherent  at  base,  dissolving  at  the  apex  :  ca])sule  hori- 


-h 


i 

^, 

'      1                 1 

220 


BRYACE^. 


[  Webcra. 


i«; 


^1 


zoTital,  oval,  turgul,  very  large  in  proportion  to  tlie  size  of  the 
])]!iuts,  with  a  broad  oriHce  and  thick  texture;  lid  small,  hcmi- 
sph'Tical,  obtuse ;  outer  teeth  robust,  \i'llo\v  ;  cilia  short.  — 
JJryuin  JJi'umviondii^  Muell.  But.  Zeit.  xx.  828.  IS.  niUans^ 
var.  minor.,  Druiuni.  Muse.  Anier.  n.  liG3. 
IIab.     Iiocky  Mountains  (Drumniondji  Sitka  (Uarrxntjion). 

11.  W.  nudicaulis.  I'lants  densely  cesi)itose,  brown  be- 
low, greenish  above;  stems  short,  slender,  simple  or  rarely  inno- 
vated at  the  ajjcx,  naked  to  the  middle  or  above :  stem-leaves 
distant,  very  small,  broadly  ovate,  appressed  ;  the  comal  densely 
tufted,  erect,  o.'ate-lanceolate,  acute,  with  a  strong  costa  dis- 
solving below  the  apex;  borders  semi-revolute,  obscurely  den- 
ticulate above :  capsule  small,  obovate,  turgid,  gradually  nar- 
rowed into  an  obsolete  collum,  not  constricted  at  or  below  the 
orifice,  of  thick  texture,  fuscous,  horizontal  or  pendent  on  a 
short  flexuous  pedicel  (I  c.m.  long)  ;  lid  small,  convex-conical, 
mamillate  ;  iimer  segments  long,  narrow,  sometimes  united  at 
the  apex  by  irregular  laciniie;  cilia  none.  —  Jh'i/um  iiudlcaide^ 
Lesq.,  Mem.  Cal.  Acad.  i.  21  ;  Sulliv.  Icon.  Muse.  Suppl.  49, 
t.  34. 

Hab.     Mount  Dana,  California,  at  11,000  feet  altitude  (Bolandar). 
Closely  allied  to  the  last,  and  perhaps  a  variety  of  it. 

12.  W.  Bolanderi.  Plants  in  flat  loose  tufts,  vellowish 
green  ;  stems  simple,  foliate  :  lower  leaves  erect,  loosely  imbri- 
cate, lanceolate,  the  u])per  tufted,  close,  lon^^jr,  narrowly  lanceo- 
late ;  costa  vanishing  below  the  denticulate  ai)ex  :  male  plants 
slender,  the  perigonial  leaves  broadly  ovate,  concave  at  base, 
narrowed  into  a  long  flexiu^us  aciunen,  nearly  entire,  the  ])eri- 
cluDtial  similar:  capsule  inclined  or  horizontal,  short-ovate, 
somewhat  long-necked ;  pedicel  long,  reddish ;  lid  conical, 
apiculate  ;  outer  teeth  broad  and  short ;  the  segments  longer, 
witli  or  without  two  intermediate  rudimentary  cilia.  —  Urynm 
liohuuki'i.,  Lesq.,  Mem.  Calif.  Acad.  i.  22. 

IIab.     Foot  of  Mount  Dana,  California  (liolnndcr). 

The  longer  capsule,  of  a  thinner  texture  and  narrowed  at  the  orifice,  its 
longer  pedicel,  the  shining  color  of  the  plants,  the  narrow  strongly  den- 
ticulate leaves,  and  the  form  of  the  perigonial  leaves  separate  this  species 
from  the  preceding.  No  antheridia  were  found  in  the  axils  of  the  peri- 
chajtial  leaves.     It  has  the  appearance  of  IT.  rruda. 

13.  W.  COmmutata,  Schimp.  Plants  slender,  dusky,  not 
reddish  :  leaves  solid,  glossy,  o])en-erect,  imbricate  when  dry, 


Webera.] 


BKVACE.E. 


001 


the  lower  ovate  or  ovate-lanceolate,  shorter ;  the  upper  c^rad- 
ually  longer,  strict,  oblong  and  linear-lanceolate,  subcarinatc, 
retlexed  on  the  borders,  all  scarcely  decurrent,  more  or  less  ser- 
rate at  the  apex,  witli  a  purplish  costa  enlarged  at  the  base 
only:  male  plants  generally  siMi})le,  mixed  with  the  fertile  ones, 
more  slender;  antlieridia  axillary,  numerous,  mixed  with  nume- 
rous slightly  clavate  paraphyses  :  capsule  inclined  or  j)endent, 
oval-obUmg,  incurved  at  the  collum,  somewhat  turgid;  teeth  yel- 
low ;  the  inner  segments  broadly  lamellosc  ;  cilia  two,  ])erfect. 
—  Syn.  ed.  2,  403,  Jiri/ton  Zudirit/ii,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Bryol. 
Eur.  t.  3;)!.     J5.  comnn/tattmi,  "Watson,  15ot.  Calif,  ii.  3D1. 

IIaij.     Foot  of  Mount  Dana,  California  (yioitnu^er);  Uocky  Mountains 
(Hall/;  Cascade  Mountains  (Lijnll). 

14.  "W.  LeSCUriana.  Small,  loosely  and  irregularly  cespi- 
tose,  rarely  gregarious,  pale  green  (not  red  and  glossy)  ;  stems 
1  or  2  c.m.  long,  declined:  lower  leaves  distant,  smaller,  nar- 
rowly lanceolate,  the  upper  gradually  closer,  erect,  long-lanceo- 
late, all  obscurely  serrate  toward  the  apex,  the  strong  costa  dis- 
solvcil  at  the  point  aiul  decurrent  at  base:  male  plants  smaller; 
perigonial  leaves  erect,  concave  at  base,  subulate,  rigid,  the 
inner  much  shorter :  capsule  pendent,  pyrifonn,  twisted  above 
and  enlarged  at  the  orifice  when  dry;  pedicel  subgeniculate  at 
base  ;  lid  conical-apiculate  or  nuunillate  ;  teeth  linear-lanceolate, 
subulate,  pale  yellow  ;  the  segments  si)lit ;  cilia  solitary  ;  annu- 
Jus  double,  revoluble.  —  Bri/ion  Lescurianum,  SuUiv.  Mem. 
Amer.  Acad.  n.  ser.  iv.  171,  flosses  of  U.  States,  44,  and  Icon. 
Muse.  81,  t.  50.     Ii.  pidchellam,,  SuHiv.  Muse.  Allegh.  n.  101. 

IIau.     Moist  clay  banks  and  wet  sandy  ground;  not  rare. 

15.  "W".  carnea,  Schimp.  Gregarious  or  loosely  ccspitose, 
pale  green  :  lower  leaves  small,  distant,  gradually  closer  and 
larger  upward,  strict,  lanceolate,  the  comal  erect,  liiu'ar-Ianceo- 
late,  more  deeply  serrate  at  the  apex  ;  areolation  rhomboi<lal- 
hexagonal,  loose  ;  costa  rcldish  :  cajisule  horizontal,  inclined  or 
pendent,  oval,  soft,  thick,  fleshy,  short-necked,  shorter  and  sub- 
hemispherical  and  with  a  broad  orifice  when  dry ;  pedicel  red- 
dish, thicker  and  arcuate  above  ;  lid  large,  broadly  convex,  papil- 
late or  not ;  peristome  large,  the  teeth  solid,  orange-colored,  and 
the  segments  separated  by  two  cilia;  annulus  none.  —  Coroll. 
67.     Bryum  carneum^  Linn.  Sp.  PI.  1122  ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  353. 

Hab.    Gravelly  banks  of  brooks,  Canton,  Illinois  (  Wolf). 


Jr 


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222 


BRYACE^. 


[Weber  a. 


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10.  W.  pulchella,  Scliimp.  1.  c.  Closely  alHecl  to  the  Inst, 
differing  especially  in  the  reddish  color  of  the  more  divided 
shorter  steins,  the  shorter  leaves  Avith  more  compact  areolation, 
the  i)erigonial  broader  and  ovate-lanceolate,  and  the  perichagtial 
distinctly  serrate,  the  capsule  longer,  with  the  pedicel  erect  at 
base,  and  the  annulus  not  revoluLle  but  remaining  attached  to 
the  lid.  —  Bryarn  pulchdlam^  Iledw.  Muse.  Frond,  iii.  90,  t.  38 ; 
Bryol.  Eur.  t.  352. 

IIab.  Very  rare  in  Xortli  America.  Found  only  in  tlae  Cascade  Moun- 
tains, Britisli  Columbia  {Macoxm). 

17.  W.  Tozeri,  Schimp.  1.  c.  Plants  small,  loosely  cespi- 
tose,  pale  green,  soft,  mostly  simple  :  lower  leaves  distant,  obo- 
vate,  acuminate,  decurrent  at  base  ;  costa  none  in  the  lowest 
leaves,  decurrent  at  base  and  produced  to  the  middle  in  the 
upper ;  upper  leaves  closer,  narrower  and  longer,  the  perichaa- 
tial  smallest,  entire,  bordered  by  a  reddish  or  dark  green  margin 
composed  of  two  or  three  rows  of  narrow  cells ;  areolation 
large,  loose,  rhoinboidal-hexagonal :  male  ]>lants  smaller ;  peri- 
gonium  small,  ovoid,  the  inner  leaves  Ungulate,  acuminate,  red: 
capsule  pendent,  on  a  fleshy  pedicel,  arcuate  at  top,  ovate, 
regular,  short-necked,  soft,  passing  by  age  from  pale  dirty 
yellow  to  brown,  shorter  and  slightly  constricted  under  the 
broad  orifice  when  dry ;  lid  comparatively  large,  wdiitish,  con- 
vex-conical, mamillate ;  teeth  smaller,  pale  yellow,  the  inner 
segments  thin  and  hyaline ;  annulus  compound,  detaching  by 
fragments.  —  Bryxnn  Tozeri,  Grev.  Scott.  Crypt.  Fl.  v.,  t.  285  ; 
Bryol.  Eur.  t.  353. 

IIab.  Clayey  ground,  borders  of  ditches  and  roads;  Southern  Cali- 
fornia (Blijelov},  Bolander). 

18.  W.  albicans,  Schimp.  1.  c.  Tufts  soft,  glaucous- 
green  :  stems  simple,  2  to  8  cm.  long  or  more,  erect  or  inclined 
below,  reddish  or  dark  purple :  lower  leaves  ovate,  oblong, 
acuminate,  the  upper  oblong-lanceolate,  soft,  yellowish  or  pale 
green  ;  costa  vanishing  below  the  serrate  a])ex  ;  areolation  nar- 
rowly hexagonal-rhomboidal :  male  plants  simple  or  sometimes 
branching  from  under  the  flower-bearing  apex;  male  flowers 
discoid ;  external  perigonial  leaves  broad  and  concave  at  base, 
open  and  lanceolate  above,  the  inner  gradually  smaller,  bearing 
many  antheridia  and  paraphyses  in  the  axils  :  capsule  inclined 
or  pendent,  short-pyriform,  inflated  at  the  short  collum,  glau- 


lirywn.] 


DRY  ACE  yE. 


223 


cous-groon,  liccominfj  brown  by  ntro,  small  in  proportion  to  the 
size  of  tho  ])lants,  siil)t;lol)ose  and  truncate  or  lurbinate  and 
wide-mouthed  when  empty  ;  i)edicel  lonij,  generr.ily  reddish  and 
geniculate  at  base:  teetii  of  the  large  j)eristome  orange-colored; 
annulus  none.  —  Milium  albicans^  Wahl.  Fl.  Lapp.  ;>r)3.  Jiryum 
Wahle?ibe)\r/ii\  Schwaegr.  Suppl,  i,  2.  92,  t.  V) ;  Hryol.  Eur. 
t.  354 ;  Sulliv.  Mosses  of  U.  States,  45. 

Var.  nigricans.  Plants  sliort,  dirty  black,  in  more  com- 
pact tufts:  leaves  longer,  narrower;  areolation  ])e11ucid. 

llAi!.  Wet  sand,  borders  of  springs  and  rivulets.  Tlie  variety  on  per- 
pendicular limestone  rocks,  California  (  UoUinder). 

19.  W.  Bigelcvii.  Plants  long  and  slender,  loosely  cespi- 
tose,  repeatedly  branching  ])y  innovations,  ramulose  from  the 
apex  :  lower  leaves  on  the  stems  and  branches  small  and  distant, 
gradually  larger  upward,  open-erect,  oblong-ovate  (the  comal 
lanceolate-acuminate),  concave,  nearly  entire  or  obtusely  den- 
ticulate and  flat  on  the  borders ;  costa  thick,  percurrent  or 
vanishing  below  the  apex  :  male  flower  terminal,  gemmiform  or 
caj^itate :  capsule  long-pedicellate,  inclined  or  pendent,  pyri- 
form-ellijiticnl ;  teeth  closely  articulate,  the  inner  segments  split 
open,  separated  by  three  simple  smooth  cilia.  —  Bryum  Bige- 
lovi)^  Sulliv.,  Pacif.  R.  Rep.  iv.  187,  t.  5. 

IIah.  Banks  of  streams  above  Sonora,  at  the  base  of  the  Sierra  Xevada 
(B'lrieJow). 

Tlie  peristome  is  not  described  by  the  author.  lie  remarks  that  the 
yellowish  green  foliage,  the  shorter,  more  obtuse  and  nearly  entire  leaves 
with  close  areolation,  tlie  less  obovate  capsule,  and  the  capituliform  male 
flowers  separate  this  species  from  W.  alhicani^,  its  nearest  congener.  The 
species  is  by  this  aflinity,  or  by  the  characters  of  the  peristome,  a  W'cbcra. 
But  the  areolation  and  the  form  of  the  leaves  seem  to  refer  it  to  liryum. 


"^ 

p 

'1ft 

85.  BRYUM,  Dill.  (PI.  4.) 
Plants  perennial,  radiculose.  Leaves  with  a  solid  round 
costa,  generally  cxcurrent ;  cells  of  the  areolation  rhomboidal- 
hexagonal,  smooth,  loose,  solid.  Flowers  bisexual,  mono'cious 
or  difccious,  the  male  gemmiform,  rarely  discoid.  Calyptra 
narrowly  cucullate,  falling  off  before  the  ripening  of  the  cap- 
sule. Capsule  on  a  long  stout  pedicel,  pyriforni  and  passing 
into  a  solid  stomatose  collum,  regular  or  rarely  slightly  in- 
curved, coriaceous.     Lid  convex,  papillate.     Peristome  double  ; 


1 

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224 


BRYACEiE. 


[J5r7/wm. 


the  outer  of  long  linear  or  lanceolate  teeth,  closely  articulate 
below,  lamellate  inside  ;  the  inner  a  carinate  membrane  ascend- 
inir  to  the  middle  of  the  outer  teeth  and  there  divided  into  se"- 
inents,  which  are  adherent  to  the  teeth  or  free,  and  separated 
by  two  or  three  generally  appendiculate  cilia.  Annulus  gen- 
erally large,  compound,  revoluble. 

Subgenus  I.     CLADODIUM. 

Cilia  and  seijments  of  the  internal  membrane  adherinc:  to  the 
teeth  {Ptychostomum)^  or  free  and  witii  imperfect  or  rarely  per- 
fect inappendiculate  cilia  (Cladodiuni). 

*  Flowei's  bisexual  and  polygamous. 

1.  B.  arcticum,  IJruch  &  Schimp.  Plants  in  pulvinate 
purplish  tufts  :  lower  loaves  ovate-lanceolate,  the  ui)per  oblong- 
ovate,  all  acuminate,  bordered  with  a  brown  revolute  margin, 
dccurrcnt  at  base ;  costa  excurrent,  slightly  denticulate  at  the 
apex  :  capsule  pendent,  soft,  pyriform-clavate,  slightly  incurved, 
pale  yellow,  reddish  at  the  orifice ;  lid  small,  conical,  mamillate, 
yellow ;  peristome  small ;  cilia  2,  short :  spores  large,  verrucu- 
lose,  yellowish  green;  annulus  large,  revoluble.  —  Bryol.  Eur. 
t.  '{^d.  Vohlia  arrtica^  R.  Brown,  App.  Parry's  Voy.  Suppl. 
290 ;  Schwaegr.  Supj)l.  iii.,  t.  27-2»- 

Hab.  Melville  Island  (Parrij)\  summit  of  the  Kocky  ^Mountains, 
British  America  (Dnimmond,  Bourycaii);  foot  of  Mount  Dana,  Cali- 
fornia (lioUouler). 

ti.  B.  purpurascens,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Kesemblos  the 
preceding,  differing  in  its  wide  tufts,  longer  stems,  reddish 
leaves  with  narrower  scarcely  revolute  borders,  and  mucroiiato 
or  cuspidate  by  the  percurrent  smooth  costa,  the  narrower 
cajjsule  move  regular,  constricted  under  the  orifice  when  dry, 
tlu^  l:ir<j:('r  lid  and  smallei  smooth  si)ores.  —  Brvol.  Eur.  t.  3o6. 
I*ohUa  purpurascens,  R.  Brown.  1.  c.  297.  P.  arcHca,  var. 
2'>urpurascens,  Schwaegr.  Sui)pl.  iii.,  t.  272''- 

II Au.  Melville  Island  (Parry )\  Rocky  Mountains  (Bonrgeau,  accord- 
ing to  Mitten)  and  Rainy  Lake,  British  America  (Iluhhani). 

3.  B.  Brownii,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Plants  densely  ces))itose 
and  tomentose,  green  above:  leaves  narrowly  ovate-lan(!eolate, 
reflexed  on  the  very  narrowly  margined  borders,  slightly  den- 


^^^w^ 


Bryum.] 


BRTACE.E. 


oor; 


ticnlate  nhovc  aloncj  the  exeurrent  costa  ami  below  it ;  costa 
less  (k'cunviit  at  base  than  in  the  two  preceding  s]»eeies; 
braneli-leaves  narrower,  not  margined  ;  areolation  hexagonal- 
reetangidar:  male  and  female  flowers  sej)arate,  but  adjacent 
u]»on  tile  saini!  innovations:  cajtsule  |)en(lent,  ol^long-pyriform, 
regular;  lid  large,  convex-a]>iculate,  orange-colored;  jieristome 
large,  the  segments  split,  separated  by  two  long  smooth  cilia; 
aimulus  coni])ound,  very  large.  —  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  ooS.  I*ohlia 
l»'>/oldcs,  \{.  Ib'own,  1.  c.  290. 

IIab.  Melville  Island  (Pcot^)  ;  Rocky  Mountains  (7>o!(ry(vn(,  accord- 
ing U)  Mit(cii). 

The  llowi^rs  in  separate  involucial  leaves,  the  leaves  narrower,  slightly 
serrulate  at  tlie  apex  and  very  narrowly  margined,  the  parencliyinatose 
(hexagonal-rectangular)  areolation,  the  longer  narrower  capsule,  and  tlie 
very  hirg<!  annulus  sei)arate  this  species  fiom  the.  two  preceding.  The 
spores  are  large  and  verruculose. 

4.  B.  pendulum,  Schlmj).  Plants  densely  cespitose  and 
ramose  :  comal  leaves  close,  erect-sj)reading,  ovate-lanceolate, 
Iong-cusj»idate  by  the  excunvnt  costa,  smooth  or  dentate  at  the 
apex,  carinate-c(incave,  more  or  less  reflexed  on  the  nai-rowly 
margined  bt)r(lers,  rigid;  areolation  rhomboidal  in  the  up[)cr 
part,  rectangwlar  and  reddish  toward  the  base  :  male  flowers  few, 
bisexual,  genimiform  ;  antheridia  and  paraj)hyses  very  numer- 
ous :  cajtsule  inclined,  nearly  horizontal  or  ]»endent  on  a  flex- 
uous  pedicel,  oval  or  subglobose,  *vith  a  short  inflated  cDllum; 
lid  small,  conical-apiculate,  long-persistent ;  inner  j)eristome 
adhering  to  the  outer  teeth  ;  segments  and  cilia  detached  oidy 
in  fragments;  aimulus  large:  spores  smooth,  yellow.  —  Coroll. 
70,  and  Syn.  o40.  Ptt/chosto7ii}im  j^endidiim,  Ilornsch.  Jh'>/nin 
ceninit))},  I>ruch  &  Schimp.  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  331  ;  Sidliv.  ^Mosses 
of  U.  States,  45. 

IfAu.     On  the  ground,  rocks  and  decayed  trunks;  plains  and  mountains. 

Very  variahle  in  the  length  and  ramification  of  the  stems,  the  form  of 
the  more  or  less  elongated  capsule,  generally  pendent  hut  often  inclined, 
etc.  PLisily  confounded  with  li.  ciisiiiltrhun,  from  whieh  it  is  readily  dis- 
tinguished l)y  its  narrow-mouthed  capsule  and  its  acutely  apiculate  lid. 
It  also  resemhles  the  next  species. 

5.  B.  inclinatum,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Differs  from  the 
preceding  in  the  leaves  more  revolute  and  more  broa<lly  mar- 
gined, acutely  carinate  toward  the  apex,  the  reddish  brown 
costa,  the  flowers  generally  bisexual,  the  much  longer  sUuuler 
pedicel  of  the  capsule,  its  longer  coUum,  the  convex  shorter- 


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226 


BRYACE^. 


[Bryum. 


papillate  lltl,  and  the  inner  peristome  free  above,  the  segments 
of  the  membrane  being  long,  earinate  and  s])lit,  the  intermediate 
cilia  merely  rudimentary.  —  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  334.  Pohlia  in- 
dinata,  Svvartz,  JNIusc.  Suee.  45  and  9G,  t.  5,  fig.  11. 

llAB.  ijtones,  rocks  and  decayed  trunks;  plains  and  mountains. 
Common  on  the  Pacific  slope ;  rare  in  the  East. 

0.  B.  Warneum,  Bland.  Cespitose;  stems  radiculose, 
short,  simple  or  sparingly  branched  ;  innovations  on  short  round 
or  Hngelliform  branchlets :  stem-leaves  distant,  open,  ovate  or 
oblong-lanceolate,  short-cuspidate  by  the  excurrent  slightly  ser- 
rate costa ;  borders  narrowly  margined,  reflexed  below,  ilat  in 
the  upper  part ;  comal  leaves  numerous,  loosely  imbricate : 
flowers  moncecious,  rarely  bisexual ;  male  flowers  terminal ; 
antheridia  with  few  paraphyses:  capsule  long-i)edicelled,  abruptly 
pendent,  ovate  and  subglobose-j)yriform,  solid,  brown ;  lid 
mamillate,  persistent ;  teeth  solid,  orange-colored  below ;  seg- 
ments free,  narrow,  scarcely  sj)lit ;  cilia  none  or  rudimentary ; 
annulus  compound.  —  Brid.  Bryol.  Univ.  i.  075;  Br}ol.  Eur. 
t.  340. 

IIaii.    Foot  of  Mount  Dana,  California  (Bolandcr). 

Americ.ir  specimens  are  found  to  differ  slightly  from  European.  Tlu' 
tufts  are  generally  compact,  the  segments  of  the  inner  p(Mistoine  are 
more  or  less  split  open,  and  tlie  cilia  either  none  or  rmliinontary  or  some 
of  them  long  and  appendieulate;  the  leaves  also  are  less  distinctly  denticu- 
late at  the  apex,  and  bordered  by  a  distinct  margin  formed  of  2  or  3  rows 
of  long  narrow  cells.     This  form  appears  to  be  a  transition  to  the  next. 

7.  B.  BiddlecomiaB,  Aust.  Differs  from  JJ.  WcD-neiwi  in 
the  leaves  being  very  distinctly  margined,  revolute  on  the 
borders  and  very  obscurely  serrate  at  the  a])ex,  and  the  capsule 
larger,  with  muticous  or  minutely  papillose  lid :  stems  rather 
short,  branching  by  innovations,  often  flagelliform  as  in  Ji. 
Warneum :  leaves  cuspidate  by  the  stout  excurrent  costa  :  cajv 
sule  constri(;ted  under  the  mouth,  pale,  becoming  light  fuscous ; 
the  lid  rather  large.  —  Coult.  Bot.  Gaz.  ii.  110. 

IIah,    Colorado  [Misn  II.  J.  Biddlecome), 

From  an  examination  of  specimens  communicated  by  the  author  the 
essential  differences  are  in  the  form  of  the  capsule,  which  is  less  inflated, 
less  distinctly  pyriform,  and  broad-mouthed,  and  in  the  more  distinctly 
revo'  :te  borders  of  the  leaves. 

8.  B.  lacustre,  Brid.  Widely  cespitose;  stems  short, 
radiculose,  with  longer  branches :  leaves  solid,  chloro])hyllose, 
the  lower   distant    and   small,   broadly  ovate-acuminate,   the 


lirynnu] 


BRYACE^. 


227 


upper  largo,  open,  tuftetl,  broadly  oblong-acnminato,  cariiiate- 
concave,  with  borders  reflcxed  ;  areolatiun  large,  hexagonal ; 
costa  strong,  brownish,  vanishing  below  or  Avithin  the  very 
entire  aj)ex :  vaginule  covered  with  ])araphyses ;  flowers  bisex- 
ual :  capsule  on  a  slender  more  or  less  elongated  flexuous 
pedicel,  inclined  or  subpendent,  oblong-i)yriforin,  slit^htly 
incurved,  soft;  peristome  short,  as  in  U.  Warueiun.  —  Muse. 
Recent.  Sui)pl.  iv.  120 ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  332. 
IlAn.     reiiinsiila  of  Shumagin,  Alaska  {Ilan-inr/ton). 

9.  B.  flexuosum,  Aust.  IMants  loosely  cespitose ;  stem 
dividing  by  short  innovations,  erect:  leaves  j)ale  red,  erect, 
ovate,  subconcave,  acuminate,  plane  or  recurved  on  the  very 
entire  borders;  costa  strong,  j)ercurrcnt  or  cxcurrent :  flowers 
dia'cious  (?) ;  male  flowers  terminal,  large,  discoid :  caj)sule  on 
a  long  slender  flexuous  red  pedicel,  ovate-oblong,  l>ale,  subhori- 
zontal ;  lid  large,  depressed-conical,  minutely  mamillate  ;  inner 
peristome  adhering  to  the  teeth;  cilia  none.  —  Coult.  Bot.  Gaz. 
iv.  152. 

Had.     Gravelly  ground,  Blaekwater  River,  British  Columbia  (^facoun). 

Apparently  nearly  related  to  the  last,  if  not  a  variety  of  it;  differing  only 
ill  the  iiifloroscence,  which  appears  to  be  dioecious.  The  short  reddish 
steins,  and  the  long  llexuous  pedicel,  which  the  author  iudicates  as  dis- 
tinctive characters,  are  those  of  B.  lacuiitre. 

10.  B.  calophyllum,  II.  Brown.  I'lants  gregarious  or  sub- 
cespitose :  stem-leaves  distant,  round-ovate,  obtuse,  the  upper 
closer,  loosely  imbricated  in  loose  obtuse  gemmules,  the  lower 
broadly  ovate  or  oval-oblong,  narrowed  into  a  short  blunt  jioint, 
all  fleshy,  very  concave  and  entire,  with  the  border  ])lane  or 
slightly  recurved,  not  n.argined;  costa  vanishing  below  the 
apex ;  perichaitial  leaves  smaller  and  narrower,  the  inner  lan- 
ceolate :  male  flowers  gcmmiform  at  the  base  of  the  female  : 
capsule  pyriform,  short-necked,  slightly  contracted  under  the 
orifice  wdien  dry,  abruptly  pendent  on  a  long  strict  rigid  i)edicel ; 
segments  of  the  inner  membrane  yellow,  narrow  and  split ;  cilia 
none  or  solitary  and  rudimentary :  spores  large,  green,  smooth. 
—  App.  Parry's  Voy.  Suppl.  290.  Jj.  latifolium.,  Bruch  & 
Schimp.  Bryol  Eur.,  t.  339. 

IIab.  Melville  Island  (Parr?/);  Franconia  Mountains  (James)\  Santa 
Barbara,  California  ( 11^.  L.  Foster). 

11.  B.  uliginosum,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Stem  densely  rad- 
iculose,  branching  into  short  innovations:  lower  leaves  short, 


ilpi 


-^ 


[f!    ^ 
i 


,1' 


^    I 


"1'  ,m/.it^-;tv5'' 


t 


228 


BRYACE^. 


[Bnjum. 


ovjitc'-acuminatc,  the  comal  oljlong-ovate,  lanceolate,  cuspidate 
by  the  excurrent  costa,  bordered  by  a  brown  margin,  reflexed 
from  the  base  to  the  middle,  jdane,  and  obscurely  serrate  at  the 
a])e\',  soft,  dirty  green  :  male  Hower  close  to  the  female  :  ca])sulo 
iiorizontal  or  inclined  on  a  long  pedicel  curving  near  the  aj)ex, 
long-necked,  pyriform,  more  or  less  incurved,  microstonx',  yel- 
lowish brown,  darker  wiien  old;  lid  obli(|ue,  small,  convex  and 
mamillate,  orange  •  segments  split;  cilia  rudimentary  or  none; 
annulus  broad  :  s.  ores  minute,  verruculose.  —  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  .'j)J9. 

II AU.  On  clocayed  trunks,  in  wet  places;  plains  and  luountains,  from 
the  Atlantic  to  the  Pacific;  rare. 

A  variety  with  honnaphrodite  flowers  has  bo'cn  found  near  Twin  Lakes, 
Colorado,  by  Wolf  &  Rothrock. 

SunoENUs  II.     BRYUM,  proper. 
Capsule   inclined    or   pendent,    ovate   and    oblong-pyriform, 
rarely   slightly   incurved.      Inner   peristome   free ;    membrane 
lai'ge ;  segments  long,  perfect,  separated  by  2  to  4  cilia  appen- 
dicuhite  at  the  articulations. 

*  Floicers  bisexual^  rarely  poh/r/amous. 

12.  B.  intermedium,  Brid.  Plants  widely  cespitose,  green, 
closely  matted  with  radicles;  stems  short,  dividing  into  short 
innov;  ions:  upper  leaves  oblong-ovate,  lanceolate,  the  lower 
shorter ;  costa  stout,  reddish,  excurrent  into  a  long  remotely 
denticulate  i)oint;  borders  very  entire,  reflexcd  or  revolute: 
capsule  hoi'izontal  or  inclined  or  pendent,  oblong  or  ])yriform, 
its  collum  as  long  as  the  s))orangium,  slightly  incurved,  scarcely 
narrowed  under  the  orifice  when  dry;  lid  convex-conical,  apic- 
ulate,  persistent;  cilia  2  or  8;  aimulus  separating  in  fragments. 
—  ]\[usc.  Recent.  Suppl.  iv.  120;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  356.  Webera 
intermedia  Schwaegr.  Suppl.  i.  267,  t.  75. 

IlAn.     Crovicos  of  rocks  and  walls,  exposed  to  the  south;  not  rare. 

18.  B.  cirrhatum,  Iloj^jie  &  Ilornsch.  Plants  cespitose, 
sliort  and  robust,  with  slender  and  long  branches ;  inner  tomen- 
tum  dark  brown  :  inner  leaves  ovate-lanceolate,  the  comal  close, 
numerous,  long-lanceolate,  acuminate,  those  of  the  branches 
ovate-acuminate,  all  broadly  margined  and  revolute  on  the 
borders ;  costa  stout,  fuscous,  excurrent  into  a  long  distantly 
denticulate  or  smooth  jioint :  capsule  pendent,  obovate  or  ob- 


Brtjuin.] 


BRYACEyE. 


229 


conieal-pyriform,  regular,  constricted  under  tlie  orifice  when 
dry;  lid  large,  convex,  apiculate  ;  segments  split;  cilia  long,  2 
or  o;  annuliis  large,  revolui)le,  jumctulate.  —  JJegenslj.  Flora,  ii. 
90  ;  IJrvol.  Eur.  t.  ^I'u. 

IIaii.  Swaniiiy  firoimd,  in  mountains;  IJig  Tree  Grove,  and  on  Mono 
Pass,  California  (Ilohindir,  A)uvx)\  Colorado  {Rutlirock  &  Wolf). 

14.  B.  bimum,  Schreb.  Plants  loosely  cesjtitose,  matted 
togetiier  by  a  felt  of  reddish  radicles:  leaves  half-clas]»iiig, 
decurrent,  open,  the  outer  comal  ones  ellij»tical,  short-acuminate, 
the  upi)er  or  medial  oblong-lanceolate,  cuspidate  by  the  excur- 
rent  fuscous  or  j)urple  ci)sta,  bordered  by  a  broad  revoluto 
margin,  slightly  serrate  at  the  apex,  loosely  imbricate  and 
twisted  when  dry  :  capsule  pendent,  obovate  or  oblong-jiyriform, 
sliu'htlv  constricted  under  the  orifice  when  drv,  chestnut-colored 
or  dark  brown  ;  lid  broad,  convex-inamillate  ;  inner  jteristome 
as  in  the  last  species:  spores  green,  minute,  punctulate. — 
Sj.icii.  F\.  Lips,  s:} ;  Bryol.  p:ur.  t.  nm. 

IIau.  Swamps,  decayed  trunks,  roots  of  trees  near  water,  etc.;  very 
coiiunon  on  the  Eastern  slope;  Nevada  (  Watson);  Washington  Territory 
(Ly(tn). 

llesenibling  the  last  species  in  the  form  and  consistence  of  the  capsule, 
it  differs  especially  in  the  longer-acuminate  and  long-cuspidate  Ic  ves,  and 
in  the  spores  one-third  larger.  From  7^  pscudotriquetniin,  wii.i  which 
it  has  been  confounded  by  some  authors,  it  differs  in  its  bisexual  inflores- 
cence, the  slender  stems  generally  shorter,  the  leaves  less  solid  and  cuspi- 
date, the  capsule  shorter,  and  lid  not  as  highly  coiive.x.  Sehimper  remarks 
that  7>.  cirrlKiluiit,  Ii.  biinuin,  and  Ii.  cunpidatitm  are  separated  by  char- 
acters of  so  little  importance  that  th(!y  should  perhaps  be  united  into  one 
species. 

15.  B.  lonchocauion,  Muell.  Syncccious:  stems  long, 
slender,  tlexuous,  nearly  simpie,  yullowish  green,  radiculose : 
lower  leaves  distant,  the  uj)per  close,  aj 'pressed  to  the  julaceous 
stem,  narrowly  decurrent  at  base,  ovate-lanceolate,  concave; 
borders  revoluto  to  the  apex,  slightly  denticulate  at  the  apex 
only,  not  margined;  costa  stout,  reddish  below,  excurrent  into 
a  long  slender  scarcely  denticulate  awn  ;  cells  of  the  areolation 
small,  pellucid,  em])ty,  irregularly  rhomboidal,  looser  and  often 
reddish  tow'ard  the  base  ;  pericha^tial  leaves  similar  :  caj)sule  on 
a  long  ])urple  pedicel,  oval,  small ;  cilia  two,  strongly  appendicii- 
late;  lid  not  seen.  —  Regensb.  Flora  (1875),  Iviii.  93. 

ITab.     Colorado. 

Resembles  slender  forms  of  B.  bimwn,  but  is  distinguishable  at  once 
by  the  iiumarginate  leaves. 


1 

*  '■■ 

M 


-t 


230 


BRYACE^. 


[liryiim. 


IG.  B.  torcuescens,  Bruch  ifc  Scliimp.  Plants  short, 
loosely  ccspitosi- ;  steins  riuliculose,  simj)lo  or  fastigiately  ranui- 
loso:  stem-  and  branch-leaves  distant,  long-laneeolate,  conipli- 
cate-earinate,  recurved  or  retlexed  on  the  borders,  tho  coinal 
close,  ol»lon<,'-lanceolate,  concave,  all  entire,  surrounded  by  a 
\  narrow  border;  costa  reddish,  excurrent  into  a  smooth  shar[> 
point,  twisted  to  tho  left  when  dry :  cajtsule  inclined  and  pend- 
ent, lonsjj-obconical,  blood-red  or  reddish  brown,  solid ;  lid 
hiL,ddy  convex,  acutely  maniillate,  dark  purple,  shining.  —  Uryol. 
Eur.  t.  358. 

II AH.    Dry  rocky  or  gravelly  places,  Texas  ()Vright)',  Oakland,  Cali- 
forniii  (Iii(jelow);  Nevada  (Watson);  etc. 

17.  B.  provinciale,  Philib.  Loosely  cespitose;  stems  short, 
divided  by  few  innovations,  radiculose  at  base:  branch-leaves 
few,  distant,  smaller,  ovate-lanceolate,  the  upi)er  crowded  in 
tufts,  spreading  Avhen  moist,  loosely  appressed  and  unt^uhiie 
when  dry,  ovate-oblong,  concave,  acuminate  or  cuspidate  by  the 
excurrent  stout  reddish  costa;  borders  narrowly  recurved  from 
the  middle  to  the  base,  plane,  minutely  serrate  toward  the  apex  ; 
inner  or  perichaitial  leaves  smaller,  lanceolate,  longer  pointe<l; 
borders  revolute  or  broadly  reflexed  to  near  the  apex :  flowers 

—  partly  bisexual,  the  fertile  always  unisexual ;  vaginule  thick, 

covered  with  abortive  archegonia  and  paraphyses :  capsule 
oblique  or  pendent,  on  a  reddish  pedicel,  obconical-pyriform, 
brown-orange ;  lid  highly  convex,  apiculate ;  teeth  yellow  up  to 
the  middle,  hyaline  above  ;  segments  cleft ;  cilia  long-appendicu- 
late;  ainiulus  large,  revoluble.  —  Schimp.  Syn.  ed.  2,  432.  -C. 
Billarderii^  Bruch.  &  Schimj).  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  366.  B.  Canari- 
ense,  Brid. ;  Schwaegr.  Sup])l.  iii.,  t.  214''. 

Had.  Cafion  on  Monte  Diablo,  California  (Bolandcr);  Florida  {Gar- 
ber,  J.  Donnell  Smith,  Chapman). 

18.  B.  Oreganum,  Sulliv.  Densely  cespitose ;  stems  and 
innovations  very  short,  gemmiform ;  leaves  crowded  into  a 
subglobose  tuft,  oblong  or  obovate-oblong,  pointed,  serrate 
above ;  borders  margined  and  reflexed  ;  costa  extending  to  the 
point ;  areolation  rather  loose ;  perichaitial  leaves  elongated- 
oblong,  long-pointed  with  a  subexcurrent  costa ;  capsule  sub- 
pendent,  on  a  slender  pedicel  3  to  5  cm.  long,  clavate,  oblong, 
straight  or  slightly  curved,  constricted  below  the  mouth  when 
dry ;  lid  rather  small,  hemispherical,  aj)iculate ;  teeth  closely 
articulate ;  segments  broad,  cleft ;  cilia  2,  strongly  and  conspic- 


Uryum.] 


BRYACE.E. 


231 


ifiil 


uously  :iii]i('ii(licnlatc ;  anmilus  largo  and  compountl.  —  Muse. 
Wilkes  E.vj.i.  Exp.  10,  t.  7. 

IIaji.     Oregon  (Pickcrincj). 

Speolcs  clost'Iy  related  to  li.  viicrostcyinm,  Schimp.,  but  that  has  ovate- 
laiifeolatti  Iciives,  gradually  acuminate  and  long-cuspidate  by  the  excurrent 
costa,  with  margins  not  rellexeil,  a  convex-conical  more  pointed  and 
smaller  lid,  and  more  linear  teeth  with  more  distant  articulations. 

*  *  .1^^ lowers  rnoiKecious, 

10.  B.  pallescens,  Schlcich.  Subcespitose  and  pulvinatc; 
stoms  soinc'what  long,  branching,  radiculoso,  purple :  lower 
leaves  distant,  ovate,  acinninate ;  costa  vanishing  below  the 
aj)e.v ;  conial  leaves  crowded  into  a  spi'eading  tuft,  oblong, 
acuminate,  ai)iculate  or  cuspidate  by  the  excurrent  costa,  reddish 
at  base,  more  or  less  revolute  on  the  entire  Iwrdcr :  male  flowers 
on  separate  lateral  branches:  capsule  long-nocked,  oblong-pyri- 
fonn,  inclined  or  horizonal,  constricted  under  the  oridce  when 
dry;  li<l  bright  reddish-brown,  conical,  apiculate;  teeth  yellow; 
segments  longer  and  more  acuminate  than  in  the  j)receding 
species.  —  Schwaegr.  Supi)l.  i.  2.  107;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  859. 

II.\n.  Fissures  of  sandstone  rocks,  Ohio  to  Canada;  also  li:  Colorado, 
Utah,  California  and  Washington  Territory. 

The  stems  of  this  species  vary  in  length  and  are  more  or  less  divided, 
the  leaves  either  long-cuspidate  or  abruptly  acuminate  are  always  red- 
dish at  base,  and  the  capsule  varies  in  the  length  of  its'collum;  the  lid  is 
smaller  than  that  of  B.  can'piticium,  which  this  species  resembles. 

20.  B.  subrotundum,  Brid.  Plants  short,  gregarious, 
nnich  divitled  into  short  gemmiform  innovations :  lower  leaves 
small,  broadly  ovate-acuminate,  mucronate  by  the  excurrent 
costa,  the  upper  abruptly  larger,  d  isely  crowded  into  tufts, 
ovate  and  oblong-lanceolate,  the  perichajtial  lanceolate,  all 
sliortly  aristate  by  the  excurrent  subdenticulato  costa,  concave, 
flat  on  the  borders,  soft :  capsule  inclined  or  pendent,  sj>herical 
or  oblong-pyriforra,  with  a  narrow  orifice,  slightly  constricted 
under  it  when  dry  ;  lid  small,  conical,  mamillate  ;  peristome  as 
in  the  preceding.  —  Muse.  Recent.  Supjd.  iii.  29;  Muell.  Syn. 
i.  275 ;  Bryol.  Enr.  t.  861.  H.  pallescens,  var.  subrotundum, 
Bruch  &  Schimp.  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  360. 

Hab.  Mountains  of  Canada  (Dnimmond) ;  Yosemite  Valley  (Bo/an(Zer) ; 
Colorado  Mountains  {Downie). 

Differs  from  B.  pallescens  in  its  concave  broader  leaves,  with  a  shorter 
point  and  the  borders  not  reflexed,  the  capsule  nearly  pendent,  shorter 
and  broader,  the  sporangium  being  nearly  round,  the  orifice  small. 


<iii|i 


-Y 


!| 


"    i 

1 

-    .*"■■ 

232 


UUYACEiE. 


[lirj/um. 


*  #  *   Floicers  dicecious. 
+-  Male  Jlowera  f/entntijhnn. 

21.  B.  erythrocarpum,  Schwuc^n-.  Phmts  short,  simiile, 
or  with  few  hruiu'ht's :  Icuvis  crcet,  distant,  oj)C'ii,  ri;^i<l,  uvatt>- 
liiiiceohilt'  or  iaiici'uhitc',  cloiiticMihite  at  the  apex  or  entire,  cus- 
pidate by  tlio  exctirrent  costa ;  borders  slii^htly  relK-xed:  ea))- 
sulo  inclined  or  pendent,  ol>l»)ng  or  obconical,  pyril'orni,  bloud- 
red;  lid  liitjhly  convex,  a])icuhite;  teeth  pale,  ferruifinoiis;  se:^'. 
ments  wliitish  yellow.  —  Siipjil.  i.  2.  lUO,  t.  70;  JJryol.  Kur. 
t.  37(5.  Ji.  tidNf/ulneion,  lirid.  Muse.  Recent.  Su]>jil.  iii.  US ; 
JSulliv.  Mosses  of  U.  States,  4G. 

IIah.     Mountains  of  N'orlliciii  Alabama  (LcHf/urreux)\  rare. 

22.  B.  atropurpureum,  Wahl.  Loosely  cespitose;  stems 
radiculdse  nj)  to  tiie  base  of  the  fertile  tufts:  lower  leaves  dis- 
tant, (.y.ite-lanccolate,  the  u|>|)er  crowded,  tufting',  much  lonijjer, 
ovate-acuminate,  apiculate  by  the  excurrent  costa,  concave, 
very  entire;  borders  rellexed  toward  the  base;  areolati'Mi 
loose :  male  ])lants  slender :  capsule  turgid  at  the  rugu' 
coUum,  broadly  oval,  I)lood-red  or  dark  j)in'j)le  when  old  ;  j»  . 
eel  flexuous,  .arched  above;  lid  enlarging  above  the  orilice  of 
the  capsule,  hemisi)herical  and  apiculate,  bright  red  and  shining; 
teeth  reddish  at  base;  segments  yellowisli.  —  Web.  &  ]\[ohr, 
Ind.  Muse.  .'JGO ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  378.  JJ.  eri/t/iroatrpon,  Brid. 
1.  c.  iii.  18. 

IIAI5.  Sandy  soil;  Lookout  Mountain,  Alabama  (Loftquprcnx);  IJuf- 
falo,  New  York  (CV.  \V.  Clinton)',  Pennsylvania  (James);  Illinois  {Hall); 
Nevada  (  Watfion). 

23.  B.  coronatum,  Schwaegr.  Loosely  tufted,  tomentosc 
within,  bright  green  on  the  surface  ;  branches  slender,  soft, 
loosely  foliate :  leaves  erect-spreading,  obh^ng-lanceolatc,  mu- 
cronate  or  long-cuspitlate  by  the  excurrent  thin  costa ;  borders 
flat,  entire;  pericha3tial  leaves  enlarged  at  base,  abru])tly  lanceo- 
late :  capsule  pendent  and  torulose,  rugulose  at  base  ;  lid  large, 
conical  or  highly  convex-apiculate,  thick  on  the  borders,  purple, 
shining.  —  Suppl.  i.  2.  103,  t.  71  ;  Muell.  Syn.  i,  307. 

Hab.     Florida  (D.  B.  Smith,  Gcirber,  J.  Donnell  Smith). 

The  areolation  of  the  leaves  is  like  that  of  li.  carneum.  The  capsule 
resembles  that  of  the  last  species,  but  is  thick  and  fleshy,  abrupt  and 
crown-like  at  the  insertion  of  the  pedicel;  peristome  of  the  same  char- 
acter.   A  fine  species. 


linjum.] 


BUYACK.E. 


233 


24.  B.  versicolor,  Al.  l>raun.  ^fodo  of  fjrowtli  as  in  li. 
ati'<>j)ii/'j>iircu)H  ;  hraju-lics  riL^id,  di'iisely  f(tliati';  leaves  ereet- 
spreadinn",  ovate-lanceolate,  cuspMato  l»y  the  tliii'k  l)ro\vn  ex- 
current  costa;  honlers  entire,  slii;litly  revolute  :  capsule  al»ru|)t- 
ly  pentleiit,  on  a  rij4i<l  pedicel,  round-oval,  with  a  short  lu'ini- 
sphcrical  coUuni,  retldish,  much  sinalli'r  whin  dry,  broad- 
mouthed  when  deoperculate,  constricted  hetwcen  colluni  and 
8i»orangiuni ;  lid  larj^e,  convex-apiculate.  —  IJryol.  Eur.  t.  iiTD. 

II AM.     Floriila(/X  li.  Sniilli);  nvro. 

25.  B.  alpinum,  Linn.  J)cnsely  and  widely  oespltose : 
])lants  chestnut-colored  or  i»urplish  hrown,  shinini^,  robust,  short 
ami  erect,  or  loni^  and  decuml»ent  below,  ratliculose  at  the  base 
only,  densely  and  0(iually  foliate:  leaves  erect,  rij^id,  lanceolate 
or  oblono-lanceolato  ;  costa  stout,  purplish,  excurrent  into  a 
short  ])oint,  entire  or  obacui'ely  serrate  at  the  a|iex  ;  borders  re- 
flexed  in  the  middle:  ca|)suk' j>endent,  ovate-obloni^  or  obconi- 
cal-pyriform,  its  somewliat  loni^  colluni  gradually  attenuated 
into  the  pedicel,  solid,  blood-ri  I  or  dark  purple  when  old, 
slightly  constricted  under  tlie  orilice ;  lid  mannniform  ;  outer 
peristome  ferruginous :  spores  yellowish  green.  —  ^lant.  Alt. 
809  ;  Dryol.  Kur   t.  380. 

IIau.     Wliiti!  Mountains  (Odiic.t,  Junicti). 

20.  B.  Muhlenbeckii,  Hruch  &  Schimp.  Closely  resem- 
bles the  )»receding,  differing  in  the  olive-green  color  of  the 
tufts,  the  leaves  broader,  long-elliptical,  deeply  concave,  loosely 
areolate,  more  or  less  obtuse  and  cucidlate  at  the  ajx'x,  boi'ders 
reflexed  all  around:  capside  chestnut-colored,  not  purplish. — 
Bryol.  Eur.  t.  3Sl.      Ji.  Jittui,  Aust.  in  Coult.  Bot.  (iaz.  ii.  110. 

Hah.     New  Mexico  {Palmer];  liollcville,  Ontario,  Canada  (Macoiin). 

27.  B.  miniatum,  Lesq.  Densely  cespitose,  yellowish 
green  and  puri)lish  ;  stems  radiculose,  slender,  long  and  mostly 
simple  or  dividing  by  nearly  filiform  innovations  from  luuler  the 
floral  bnds :  leaves  appressed  when  dry,  loosely  imbricate,  the 
u])per  more  crowded  but  not  tufted,  concave,  ovate  or  ovate- 
lanceolate,  obtuse,  scarcely  or  not  at  all  margined  or  reflexed 
on  the  borders ;  costa  stout,  vanishing  below  the  apex ;  cells 
polygonal,  solid  or  thick-walled ;  ])erieluetial  leaves  sliglitly 
longer  and  narrower :  capsule  inclined,  obovatc-oblong,  slightly 
constricted  under  the  oriflce  when  dry,  pnrplish-fawn  color;  lid 
convex  or  conical,  apiculate.  —  Mem.  Calif.  Acad.  i.  23. 


m 


-f 


+ 


Mium 


234 


BRYACE^. 


[Bryum. 


f 


t 


I  i 


ITab.    On  moist  rocks,  Yosemite  Valley  {Bolander). 

With  the  appearance  of  B.  pseudo-trlquetrum,  with  which  it  grows 
i!ii.\(!i|,  but  easily  separated  by  the  given  characters.  It  has  the  ramifi- 
cation of  Ji.  BUjpIovu,  Sulliv.,  from  which  it  differs  in  its  longer  capsule 
anil  tiie  form  of  tlie  leaves.  The  purplish  branches  are  often  abruptly 
crimsoned  at  the  apex,  as  if  painted  with  carmine. 

28.  B.  Atwateriae,  Mucll.  Closely  related  to  the  last, 
from  which  it  essentially  differs  in  its  somewhat  more  robust 
stems,  the  leaves  more  densely  imbricate,  scarcely  open  when 
moistened,  oblong  or  ovate,  obtuse,  more  distinctly  narrowed 
toward  the  base,  cucullate,  with  the  borders  revolute  from  the 
base  to  the  middle,  and  with  a  thick  yellow  medial  nerve,  the 
areolation  more  compact,  the  u])per  cells  smaller,  less  distant, 
j)ellacid,  narrowly  oblong  and  angidar,  the  lower  more  distinct, 
rectangular  alono'  the  borders,  hexac^onal  toward  the  middle : 
the  oblong  j)endent  capsule,  slightly  contracted  under  the  lid 
when  dry,  has  the  same  color  and  form.  —  Kegensb.  Floi-a,  Iviii. 
76  (1878).     J].  Macounii,  Aust.  in  Coult.  Bot.  Gaz.  ii.  110. 

IIah.  Kocks  near  waterfalls;  Yosemite  Valley,  California  (3/rs. 
Alwafcr),  sterile;  Oregon  (E.  Hall),  fruiting  plants;  British  Columl)ia 
(Mdcoini). 

It  is  very  difficult  to  find  marked  and  persistent  characters  separating 
this  from  the  last  species.  The  Calif'  rnian  plants  are  long  and  still  more 
slender  than  those  of  B.  miniatuai.  The  fruiting  specimens  from 
Oregon  are  strong,  thick,  and  very  short,  while  the  sterile  from  British 
America  (described  as  B.  Macounii)  are  as  long  as  those  of  B.  niiniatum, 
and  also  much  thicker.  Tno  leaves,  differing  enough  in  appearance  when 
single  specimens  are  compared,  taken  altogether  have  the  same  char- 
acters. In  his  description  of  B.  Macounii,  Austin  states  that  the  leaves 
have  the  borders  flat,  while  in  B.  miniatvm  they  are  revolute.  This  last 
character  is  distinct  in  B.  Atwateria',  as  described  by  Mueller,  and  most 
of  the  loaves  of  B.  3Iaconnii  also  have  the  borders  of  the  leaves  as  dis- 
tinctly rellexed  or  revolute  towards  the  base  as  in  B,  nuDiafitm.  Tlie 
leaves  in  all  these  forms  are  more  or  less  indistinctly  margined.  Austin 
also  remarks  that  B.  miniatum  is  too  near  B.  MuJdenheckii,  but  the 
Macoun  specimens  are  far  more  closely  allied  to  this  last  species  in  their 
strong  growth  than  are  the  slender  stems  of  B.  miniatum. 

29.  B.  argenteum,  Linn.  Plants  more  or  less  densely 
tufted  and  irregularly  cespitose,  greenish  or  silver  white ;  stems 
short,  radiculose,  with  numerous  julaceous  innovations :  steni- 
and  branch-leaves  broadly  ovate  or  obovate,  deeply  concave, 
abruptly  apiculate,  the  oomal  oblong-lanceolate,  acuminate ; 
costa  vanishing  above  the  middle  ;  borders  entire,  plane ;  areo- 
lation loose :   capsule  pendent,  oblong,  constricted  under  the 


Bryum.] 


BRYACEyE. 


235 


orifice,  redJish  brown,  blackish  when  old  ;  lid  convex,  slightly 
apicuUUe,  dark  orange ;  inner  peristome  yellow  or  hyaline.  — 
Sp.  PI.  1120  ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  384. 

Var.  majus,  Schwaegr.  More  densely  cespitose,  dividing 
into  nuiaerous  longer  glaucous-green  innovations :  leaves  slightly 
obtuse :  capsule  scarcely  rising  above  the  top  of  the  branches. 
—  Snpj)l.  i.  'J.  88.     JJ.Juiaceuni,  Schrader. 

Var.  lanatum,  Bruch  &  Scliimi).  Branches  shorter,  thick: 
top  of  the  leaves  white,  appearing  white-woolly  by  long  flexuous 
hair-like  j)oints  witiiout  chloroi)hyll :  capsule  shorter.  —  M.  Ituia- 
tii?n,  Brid. 

IIab.  Sandy  ground,  burnt  places,  rocks  and  wood;  very  common. 
The  first  variety  in  wet  shaded  places;  the  last  on  dry  sandy  soil  exposed 
to  the  smi. 

30.  B.  C89Spiticium,  Linn.  Plants  more  or  less  densely 
cespitose  ;  tufts  yellowish  green,  ferruginous,  tomentose  within  : 
leaves  erect  and  straight  when  dry,  the  lower  distant,  small, 
lanceolate,  the  upper  larger,  loosely  imbricate,  ovate-lanceolate, 
acuminate  by  the  excurrent  costa,  all  concave  ;  borders  entire 
and  rellexed :  capsule  oblong-pyriform,  inclined  or  pendent, 
narrowed  under  the  orifice  when  dry ;  lid  large,  mammiform, 
reddish,  j)olished ;  teeth  ferruginous,  broadly  lamellose  inside; 
segments  cleft,  separated  by  two  or  three  long-api)endiculate 
cilia.  —  Sp.  PI.  1121 ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  374  and  375. 

IIab.     Old  fields  on  the  ground,  stones,  old  vails,  etc. ;  very  common. 

A  very  variable  species,  especially  in  the  leaves  and  form  of  the  cap- 
sule, which  is  generally  capped  by  a  large  lid.  This  with  the  intlores- 
cence  and  the  perfect  peristome  separates  it  from  li.  jycnduluin. 

31.  B.  capillare,  Linn.  Tufts  bright  or  dirty  green, 
brown-toraentose  inside  ;  plants  branching  by  few  innovations  : 
leaves  soft,  twisted  when  dry,  broadly  oblong  or  sj)atulate,  more 
or  less  abruptly  narrowed  into  a  filiform  slightly  denticulate 
often  flexuous  point,  brown-margined  and  refiexed  on  the  bor- 
ders ;  costa  vanishing  below  the  apex  or  excurrent :  capsule 
long-pedicelled,  horizontally  inclined  or  pendent,  oblong  or 
obconical,  gradually  narrowed  to  its  collum,  which  i'i  shorter 
than  the  sporangium,  fuscous;  lid  large,  mammiform,  apiculate, 
shining. —  Sp.  PI.  1121;  Schwaegr.  Suppl.  i.  2.  118,  t.  74; 
Bryol.  Eur.  t.  368,  369. 

Had.  Black  soil,  roots  of  trees,  and  shaded  places;  mountains  and 
borders  of  streams. 


f 


f 


i. 


>s! 


236 


BRYACE^. 


[Bryum. 


'  Ui 


upon  the  form  of  the  leaves,  which  are  extremely  variable,  the  follow- 
ing varieties  are  based:-  Var.  ciispidatum,  Soliimp.,  having  leaves  with 
a  nion;  or  less  broaJ  bro  .n  margin,  the  costa  stout  and  percurrent;  Var. 
meridioiKilp,  Schinip.,  with  the  costa  excurrent  into  a  long  filiform  point 
and  tlu!  borders  narrowly  margined;  Yaw  Jlaccldnin,  Bruch  &  Schinip., 
witli  s!(Mi(ler  brandies,  the  longer  more  distant  and  narrower  leaves 
sofUM-,  obsolotcly  margined,  and  obscm-ely  serrate  at  the  piliferous  apex, 
gonorally  found  in  the  Eastern  States  and  the  White  Mountains.  A 
variety  with  variously  colored  capsules,  mostly  dark  red,  was  distributed 
in  SuUiv.  <fe  Lesq.  Muse.  Bor.-Am.  Exsicc.  (ed.  '.'),  n.  28o  and  284,  as  i>. 
occidcntale,  Snlliv. 

32.  B.  OCCidentale,  SulHv.  Loosely  cospitose ;  stems 
sliort,  tunientose  uiuler  the  crowded  tufts  of  floral  leaves ; 
innovations  slender  and  few,  tliieker  in  the  middle  :  leaves 
elliptical  or  oblong-lanceolate,  entire,  flat  or  slightly  reflexed  on 
the  borders  ;  costa  stout,  excurrent  nito  a  short  slightly  serrate 
point ;  basilar  areolation  quadrate,  the  u]>i)er  narrowly  rhom- 
boidal-iiexagonal ;  perichajtial  leaves  slightly  narrower:  cap- 
sule pendent,  oblong,  short-necked,  with  a  broad  orifice  ;  lid 
convex-apiculate ;  annulus  very  broad.  The  male  ])lants  are 
slen(le;-,  branching  in  successive  gemmaceous  innovations.  — 
Pacif.  II.  Kep.  iv.  188,  t.  7. 

IIau.     Near  San  Francisco  (liigclow). 

Separated  from  the  nearly  related  />.  cccspiticlum  by  the  erect  appressed 
decurrent  scarcely  margined  leaves,  not  so  acuminate  nor  so  long-cuspi- 
date, by  the  stouter  costa,  and  by  the  denser  areolation  composed  in  the 
lower  lialf  of  quadrate  cells.  It  has  also  an  oblong  and  smaller  capsule, 
witli  but  a  slight  tendency  to  a  pyriform  outline,  a  wide  and  reddish  hd 
and  a  larger  annulus.  —  {SulUvunt.) 

33.  B,  obconicum,  Ilornsch.  Plants  short,  radiculose  up 
to  the  iiriovations  :  stem-leaves  ovate,  the  comal  crowded,  oi)en- 
erect,  imbricate  or  slightly  twisted  when  dry,  ovate  or  oblong, 
more  or  less  long-cuspidate  by  the  excurrent  smooth  or  slightly 
denticulate  costa,  bordered  with  a  yellow  margin :  capsule  pen- 
dent, long-obconical,  the  sj)orangium  gradually  narrowed  to  a 
collum  nearly  as  long  and  to  the  reddish  brown  pedicel ;  lid 
hemispherical,  minutely  papillate.  —  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  367. 

IIab.  Suiita  Cruz  Mountains,  California  (Brewer)]  Florida  (D.  B. 
Smith);  Colorado  (Wolf  &  Bothrock). 

Iritermediate  between  B.  coplUare  and  B.  cccfpiticiinn.  From  the  first 
it  differs  in  its  shorter  gradually  acuminate  scarcely  twisted  and  more 
solid  loaves;  from  the  second  in  the  long-!iecked  narrowly  obconical  cap- 
sule, whose  orifice  has  a  cartilaginous  polished  border  and  a  bright  red 
lid.    The  margins  of  the  leaves  are  pale  yellow,  not  thickened. 


.r  M 


Bryum.] 


BRYACE^E. 


237 


84.  B.  Californicum,  Sulliv.  Densely  ccspitoso  ;  stems 
and  innovations  very  sliort,  biilbifonn  :  lower  leaves  distant, 
imbricate,  the  npper  densely  crowded  in  small  globose  heads, 
concave,  siibqiiadratc-ovate,  short-apiculate  ;  borders  entire  and 
flat;  costa  ccjntinuing  to  the  apex:  capsule  dark  red,  oblong, 
j)en<lent,  equal  and  scarcely  narrowed  at  the  colluni,  which  is 
rugose  when  dry,  obtuse  at  base  ;  lid  very  small,  hemisi)herical ; 
teeth  bright  purple,  deeply  inserted  and  distantly  articulate  ; 
cilia  short,  solitary,  not  appendiculate  ;  annulus  large,  revoluble. 
—  Pacif.  K.  Hep.  iv.  18G,  t.  6. 

IIah.     Near  Benicia,  California  {Blgelow,  Bolander). 

As  remarked  by  the  author,  this  species  is  allied  to  B.  versicolor,  which 
however  has  the  pedicel  more  suddenly  bent  at  the  base  of  the  inflated 
colhun,  and  the  leaves  longer  and  long-acunilnate  by  the  excunent  costa. 
From  B.  Blindll,  to  which  it  is  also  related,  it  differs  in  its  narrower 
leaves,  in  the  form  of  the  capsule,  which  is  subglobose  in  the  European 
species,  and  in  tlie  inner  peristome. 

85.  B.  Cyclophyllum,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Plants  bright 
green,  soft,  loosely  cespitose,  more  or  less  d'vided  according  to 
size,  radiculose  near  the  base  at  the  axils  of  the  leaves :  stem- 
leaves  distant,  broadly  ovate,  narrowed  to  the  base,  the  comnl 
few,  broadly  oblong,  all  concave,  obtuse,  very  entire,  loosely 
areolate,  twisting  when  dry  ;  costa  vanishing  below  the  apex  : 
male  plant  siinilar;  perigonium  reddish,  gemmiform:  capsule 
peiulent,  short,  pyriform,  broad-mouthed,  constricted  under  the 
orifice  when  dry;  peristome  regular.  —  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  870. 
]\fininn  c^/clnpJn/Uum^  Schwaegr.  Sujipl.  ii.  2.  160,  t.  101. 

IIau.  On  stones  wet  by  spray,  at  Niagara  Falls  {G.  IT.  CUnlon)',  wet 
rocks,  Pennsylvania  (./awrx). 

This  spcfies  is  oft(>n  confoundeil  with  7?.  calopfn/Uxm,  from  which  it 
differs  in  its  broader  softer  and  more  loo'-ely  areolate  leaves,  in  the  in- 
florescence, and  the  regular  double  pmistome  of  a  BryniUy  the  segments 
being  separated  by  appendiculate  cilia. 

80.  B.  pallens,  Swartz.  Tufts  short,  soft,  purplish  yellow  : 
lower  leaves  remote,  open  or  recurved,  ovate-lanceolate,  !tcuu)i- 
nate,  decurrcnt  at  base,  the  upj)er  close,  tufted,  oblong-acumi- 
nate, and  niucronate  by  the  excurrent  costa,  all  surrounded  by 
a  narrow  margin  composed  of  two  rows  of  cells ;  borders  ])lane 
in  the  upper  part,  teilexed  near  the  base :  male  ]dants  more 
slender:  capsule  inclined,  more  rarely  pendent,  often  cernuous 
or  inciu'ved,  rarely  regular,  long-necked  ami  pyriform,  soft,  yel- 
lowish or  brown,  erect  when  diy,  not  constricted  under  the 


-h 


238 


BRYACE^. 


[Bnjum. 


iAt 


Jf 


■f 


f 


orifice ;  lid  mammiform,  shining,  yellow ;  teeth  closely  articu- 
late, ferruginous ;  segments  pale  yellow.  —  Muse.  Suec.  47, 
t.  4  ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  373. 

IIak.  Wet  places  on  mountains;  New  Hampshire  (James);  White 
Face  Mountain,  in  the  Adirondacks  (C  //.  Peck). 

Variable  in  the  size  of  the  plants,  the  length  of  the  pedicel,  and  the 
form  of  the  capsule. 

+-  4-  Male  flowers  suhdiscoid. 

37.  B.  Duvalii,  Voit.     In  very  loose  soft  purplish  green 

tufts ;   stems   long,  erect  when  young,  decumbent  when  old, 

slender,  as  are  also  the  few  very  long  innovations,  radiculose  at 

the  base  only :  leaves  distant,  open  or  reflexed,  nearly  equal, 

broadly  ovate-lanceolate,  long-decurrent,  plane  on   the  entire 

borders,  loosely  areolate,  much   contracted  when   dry ;   costa 

vanishing  below  the  apex ;  inner  perichtctial  leaves  lanceolate, 

erect :  capsule  on  a  long  slender  pedicel,  sometimes  longer  than 

the  innovations,  obovate-oblong,  regular,  pendent,  constricted 

under  the  orifice  when  dry ;  lid  convex,  uniform  in  color.  — 

Sturm,  Deutschl.  Fl.  ii.  t. ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  371. 

Hah,  Alountains  of  Xew  England  ( Oakes,  etc. ) ;  Canada,  New  Mexico, 
California,  Oregon,  etc. ;  not  common. 

38.  B.  pseudotriquetrum,  Schwaegr.  Plants  widely 
cespitose  or  pulvinato,  robust,  olive  or  greenish  yellow ;  stems 
sparingly  branching,  tomcntose  to  the  apex :  leaves  gradually 
larger  and  more  crowded  toward  the  apex,  erect  or  sjjreading, 
loosely  appressed,  incurved  or  twisted  when  dry,  oblong-lanceo- 
late, gradually  acuminate,  serrate  at  the  apex,  bordered  by  a 
narrow  yellowish  margin  becoming  broader  toward  the  base 
and  reflexed ;  costa  stout,  reddish,  percurrent ;  involucral 
leaves  broadly  ovate,  acuminate,  costate,  spreading  when  mois- 
tened :  antheridia  and  paraphyses  very  numerous :  capsule  long- 
pcdlcellate,  inclined,  long-obconical  or  oblong,  sometimes  curved 
upward  and  subvcntricose,  constricted  under  the  orifice  Avhen 
dry  ;  lid  highly  convex,  papillate,  uniform  in  color  and  shining. 
—  Suppl.  i.  2.  110;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  364.  Mnium  triquetrum^ 
Iledw.  Muse.  Frond,  iii.  19,  t.  7. 

Hah.  Swampy  ground,  wet  rocks,  borders  of  springs;  plains  and 
mountains;  not  rare. 

39.  B.  turbinatum,  Schwaegr.  Plants  loosely  and  widely 
cespitose,  rarely  in   compact  tufts,   dirty  or  reddish  green ; 


liryum.] 


BRYACE^. 


239 


stems  short,  often  bearing  long  slender  branches  reaching  na 
liigh  as  the  long  slender  ]»edicel :  lower  leaves  ovate-acuminate, 
concave,  the  upper  gradually  larger,  tufted,  ovate,  oblong- 
lanceolate,  obscurely  serrate  at  the  a]>ex,  with  very  narrowly 
margined  and  reflexed  borders,  mucronate  by  a  stout  reddish 
excurrent  costa :  male  plants  in  separate  tufts  or  mixed  with 
the  fertile  ones,  more  slender  and  nearly  simple ;  i>erigonium 
thick,  subdiscoid,  in  a  tuft  of  few  leaves :  capsule  long-])edi- 
cclled,  pendent,  broadly  pyriform,  obconical  at  its  colhmi,  con- 
stricted under  the  broad  orifice  when  dry ;  lid  convex,  apicu- 
late,  shining.  —  Suppl.  i.  2.  109  ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  372,  excl.  var. 
latlfoUum.  3f>ni(m  turbinatinn^  Iledw.  Muse.  Frond,  iii.  22,  t.  8. 
II An.  Wot  rocks,  Niagara  Fal's;  Rocky  ami  Uinta  Mountains;  Gallon 
Mountains,  British  Columbia. 

40.  B.  Schleicheri,  Schwaegr.  Closely  resembles  the  last 
species,  differing  essentially  in  the  great  size  of  the  jilants,  the 
leaves  twice  or  thrice  larger,  bright  or  yellowish  green,  more 
concave,  not  carinate,  with  margin  narrower,  the  borders  nearly 
flat,  and  the  areolation  loose.  —  Sujijd.  i.  2.  113,  t.  73.  7?.  tur- 
hitiation,  var.  latifoUun),  Bruch  &,  Schimp.  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  372. 

Var.  angustatum,  Schimp.  Plants  shorter,  slender,  sim- 
ple :  leaves  smaller,  narrower.  —  Syn.  ed.  2,  403. 

Var.  latifolium,  Schimp.  1.  c.  Tufts  soft,  inflated,  green  ; 
plants  long  (4  to  12  cm.),  rarely  simple  :  leaves  broadly  ovate, 
rounded-obtuse  or  oblong-ovate,  acuminate,  mucronate  by  the 
excui'rent  costa. 

IIar.  Wet  inoadow's ;  Bigtrce  Grove,  Cal''  nia  (TJo/aiK^er);  noar  Salt 
T.iike  City  (I^rt^soH);  Yar.  anrjustatum  in  the  Humboldt  ^Mountains, 
Xi'vada  (  Watson). 

The  species  is  very  variable  in  all  its  characters. 


f 


H 

Subgenus  III.     RTIODOBRYUM. 

Plants  fine  and  large,  vinth  a  single  innovation  from  under 
the  apex,  passing  into  a  stem  from  the  continuation  of  basilar 
sul»terranean  stolons.  Stem-leaves  distant,  subsquamiform.  the 
conial  crowded,  rosulate.     Flowers  dioecious,  discoid. 

41.  B.  roseum,  Schreb.  Stem-leaves  appressed,  oblong, 
lanceolate,  small  and  thin,  tlio  comal  more  solid,  sjiatulate, 
acuminate,    acutely    denticidate    from    the    middle    u])ward, 


-f- 


240 


BRYACEyE. 


[liryim. 


k 


rcfloxod  to  the  base,  crispulate  when  dry ;  oosta  broad  a.id  red- 
dish at  hase,  narrowed  upward  and  pereiirrent;  areohition  loose, 
the  cells  ehlorophyllose :  male  j)lants  generally  in  separate 
tufts,  the  eouial  leaves  shorter  and  broader,  si)readini;  star-like : 
ca])sule  single  or  two  or  three  in  the  same  periehtetiuin,  pendent 
on  a  long  solid  dark  jiurple  pedicel,  oblong-conical,  slightly 
incurved,  rarely  obovate-oblong,  not  constricted  under  the  orifice 
when  dry,  solid  ;  li<l  mammiform,  dark  pur])le;  teeth  very  loii'if; 
inner  membrane  orange-colored;  segments  lacunose  ah^ng  the 
keel;    aiuiulus  revoluble.  —  Spicil.  FI.   Lips.  84;    Bi-yol.  Eur. 

t.  aoo. 

Il.vn.  Shadoil  pino  v/oods,  base  of  trees,  on  shaded  rocks  covered  with 
humus;  noL  rare  on  the  Eastern  slope.  Found  also  in  California  l)y  Bo' 
lander. 

Tlie  most  beautiful  species  of  the  genus,  like  a  Milium  in  appearance, 
but  closely  allied  to  B.  capilbire  in  its  char,  cters. 

4l2.  B.  COncinnatum,  S})ruce.  Dioecious: plants  small, 
cespitose,  cohering  by  radicles  belo.v;  stem  about  2  cm.  long, 
erect,  julaceous,  slender,  liliform  from  the  base,  reddish  below, 
green  above :  leaves  erect-apprcssed,  broadly  ovate  or  oval- 
]:meeolate,  carinate-concave,  ai)iculate  by  the  slender  subexcur- 
rent  costa;  borders  erect  and  very  entire;  upper  areohition 
narrowly  rhomboi<hd,  the  basilar  (piadrate.  — IMuell.  Syn.  ii.  575. 
II An.     Kaaterskill  Falls,  Catskill  Mountains  (C.  II.  Peck). 

86.  ZIERIA,  Schimp. 
Plants  short,  cespitulose,  branching  by  innovations  under  the 
flouers,  then  dichotomous.  Stenis  radiculose  up  to  the  a}ie\'. 
Leaves  soft,  more  or  less  denoely  imbricate,  ovate  and  oblong- 
acuminate,  apiculate  or  cuspidate  by  the  excurrent  costa;  are- 
olation  broadly  hexagonal-rhomboidal.  Flowers  gemmiform. 
Cai»sule  horizontal  or  curved  down,  short-pedicelled,  very  long- 
necked,  narrowly  elliptical,  sj)orangium  inflated.  Lid  small, 
convex-apiculate,  oblique.  Peristome  double ;  the  teeth  nar- 
rowly lanceolate,  remotely  articulate ;  inner  membrane  divided 
into  narrow  segments,  often  united  at  the  apex  by  transverse 
divisions,  separated  by  rudimentary  cilia. 

1.  Z.  julacea,  Schimp.     Tufts  soft  and  loose,  silvery  white; 
stems  short,  divided  into  numerous  erect  branchlcts :    lower 


■l.'i^liilP»V'fJ,l.UH 


Milium.] 


BliYACE.E. 


241 


stem-leaves  remote  or  destroyed  by  maceration ;  comal  loaves 
obloiig-lanceolate,  those  of  the  hranehlets  densely  iiubrioate, 
broadly  ovate,  concave,  acuminate  ;  iiuier  eosta  soft,  exetirrent ; 
areolation  very  broad  and  soft,  ehlorophyllose  at  the  base  only, 
liyalhie  above:  capsule  horizontal  or  slightly  inclined  ;  coUuni 
twice  as  long  as  the  sporangium  ;  lid  convex-coni<'aI,  acute, 
orange-colored,  the  cai)sule  being  yellowish-brown  ;  teoth  orange 
at  base,  subulate  and  whitish  at  the  apex.  —  Coroll.  08.  Jiryuin 
Zieri(\  Dicks.  PI.  Crypt,  i.,  t.  4,  lig.  lU  ;  Bryul.  Kur.  t.  ;J41. 

ILvn,  Near  the  Height  of  Land,  Kocky  Mountains  of  British  America 
( bnuuiiiond). 

2.  Z.  demissa,  Schimp.  Tufts  dense,  reihlish  brown, 
densely  matted  by  a  felt  of  radicles:  stem-leaves  ovate-lanceo- 
late, costa  vanishing  below  the  apex ;  comal  leaves  oblong- 
lanceolate,  long-cuspidate  by  the  excurrent  costa;  branch-leaves 
loosely  imbricate :  capsule  curved  down  on  an  arched  pedicel, 
clavate,  its  collum  and  sporangium  of  equal  length,  yellow, 
chestnut-colored  when  old;  lid  small,  mamillate,  obli(pie,  teetli 
hmceolate;  segments  of  the  inner  membrane  twice  as  long  as 
the  teeth,  united  at  the  apex  and  adhering  by  transverse  lacinite  ; 
cilia  very  short,  single  or  bifid.  —  Coroll.  69.  Jlecsia  demissa^ 
IToppo  &  Ilornsch.,  Kegensb.  Flora,  ii.  100  (1819).  Jh-yutn 
demissum,  Tlook.  Muse.  Y.>..,t.  t.  99;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  841. 

Had.  Fissures  of  rocks,  Twin  Lakes,  Colorado  (Doicnie,  Rothrock  & 
Wolf,  Porter);  very  rare. 


m 


87.  MNIUM,  Linn.     (PI  3.) 

Plants  larger  than  in  Brijum,  gregarious,  or  more  generally 
loosely  and  ridely  ces.^'itose.  Stems  produced  from  basil.ir 
innovations  or  frem  subterranean  stolons,  woody,  tomentose, 
rarely  divided  and  sometimes  bearing  arcuate  creeping  llagelii- 
form  branchlets.  Leaves  S-5-ranked,  the  lower  smaller,  distant, 
the  upper  much  enlarged,  crowded  and  rosulnte,  broadly  ovate 
or  spatulate ;  costa  stout ;  bordei  s  thick,  siinjily  or  doubly 
dentate ;  cells  of  the  areolation  very  large,  round-hexagonal, 
hexagonal-oblong  near  the  base,  rarely  chlorophyllose.  Flowers 
bisexual  or  dia?cious;  the  male  discoid;  antheridia  and  clavate 
paraphyses  axillary,  very  numerou  .    Calyptra  cucullate,  narrow, 


«  ; 


M 


mm^\ 


I 


nil! 


1*. 'i 


242 


BUY  ACE  .E. 


[Mnhtm, 


fiii^fic'ioiis.  Capsule's  on  long  often  clustered  pedicels,  inclined 
or  j)endent,  ovate-oblong  or  Kiibglobose,  the  short  colluiii  ali- 
ruj>tly  narrowing  to  the  ])edicel.  Lid  nianniiit'onn  or  fow.-vx- 
conieal,  more  or  less  long-beaked.  I'eristoine  as  ii  /Jri^  uni,  the 
inner  membrane  reaching  the  middle  of  the  teeth ;  ciliu  '1  or  ,'], 
not  ai)j)endiculate  at  the  articulations.  Annulus  narrow,  revolu- 
blc.     Spores  minute.  —  Astroj)/ajllum,  Neck. 

#  Leaves  marjined^  simply  serrate. 
••-  Flowers  hisexiial. 

1.  M.  CUSpidatum,  Iledw.  Plants  simple,  with  creeping 
or  suberect  stolons :  leaves  decurrent,  the  lower  obovate,  the 
comal  obovate-oblong,  the  pericluetial  f.patulate,  those  of  the 
f;tolons  round-obovate,  all  aiuculate-mucronate  or  short-cus})idate 
by  the  excurrent  costa,  margined  by  a  triple  row  of  brown  cells 
nnd  solid  yellow  teeth :  capsule  single,  subpendent,  oval,  light 

•f"  brown;  lid  highly  convex,  obtuse  or  i)a])illate;  outer  peristome 

yellow,  tluMimer  orange,  solid ;  segments  Ijroadly  oj)en  on  the 
keel,  lilifi>rm  and  ai)iculate  at  the  apex  ;  cilia  generally  three. 
—  Si)ec.  Muse.  11)2,  t.  45,  exel.  var.;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  l/oG.     J/. 
silaaticurn,  Lindb.  ]\[niac,  Eur.  in  Faun.  Flor.  Fenn.  ix.  59. 
IIaij.     Sliadeil  places  on  the  gfouiul ;  common. 

2.  M.  Nevii,  ^luell.  Plants  short,  yellowish  green  above; 
stems  simple,  davate:  stem-leaves  close,  sj)reading  or  reflexed 
"when  moistened,  fleshy,  decurrent  and  narrowly  wedge-form  at 
base,  cnlarg(>d  upward  and  spatulate-cvatc  or  orbiculate,  acu- 
minate or  aristate  by  the  excurrent  costa,  with  the  point  more 
or  less  flexuous;  borders  acutely  dentate  or  ciliate;  cells  of  the 
areolation  small,  regularly  hexagonal,  green  and  chloro])hyllose, 
yellowish  on  the  border ;  pericha^tia!  leaves  few,  small,  lanceo- 
late-acuminate, entire,  bordered  aboAc  oidy  by  a  narrow  margin  : 
capsules  aggregated  (2  or  3),  cylindrical-oblong,  enlarged  at 
base;  j^edicels  yellow,  fiexuous :  lid  and  calyptra  not  seen. — 
liegensb.  Flora,*  Ivi.  480  (1873). 

II An.     Portland,  Oregon  {Ii.  D.  Nevhts). 

The  species  is  allied  to  M.  cuspidatum,  but  is  recognized  at  first  sight 
by  its  simple  clavate  stems. 

3.  M.  venustum,  Mitt.    Plants  erect,  pale  green  or  greenish 
•^             yellow  ;  stems  erect,  rigid,  simple  or  once  forked,  densely  foliate 


Mninm.] 


BIIYACE^. 


243 


toward  tbo  njiex  :  leaves  sproadln;^  \vhoii  mo'st,  the  oomal  open, 
eivc't,  broadly  ellijitieal,  acuininate  or  cuspidate  by  the  excur- 
rent  thick  costa,  sharply  dentate  on  the  borders;  pericluetial 
leaves  ciisj)idate,  the  inner  narrow,  lanceolate :  caj)sules  ai^'^re- 
gated  (8  or  4),  loiis^-pedicelled,  inclined  or  ])endent,  oblong-, 
broad-mouthed,  gradually  narrowing  to  the  pedicel,  pajtilluse  and 
stoniatose  toward  the  base  ;  lid  obtusely  conical  or  obtusely 
aj»iculate;  ainuilus  simple,  broad.  —  Kew  Journ.  IJot.  viii.  231 
(ls;)0),  t.  V2,  IJ;  Sulliv.  Icon.  Muse.  Suppl.  .VJ,  t.  .']0. 

JIaij,  Pai'iiie  coast,  from  California  nortliwartl.  not  rare  {Duuijlas, 
etc.);  W.  Montiina,  X.  Idaho,  and  Spokaii  Falls  (  Watson). 

4.  M.  medium,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Plants  large,  broadly 
ces]»itose:  lower  leaves  distant,  ovate,  cuspidate,  the  coinal 
obovate-lingulate,  narrowed  to  the  half-clasping  base,  cuspidate, 
shari>ly  serrate  and  narrowly  margined  all  around  :  capsules 
solitary  or  in  ])airs,  ])endent,  oblong;  lid  highly  convex,  apicu- 
late.  — Bryol.  Eur.  t.  308. 

IIau.  Pciid  d'Orc'ilic  Lake  in  X.  Idaho;  Fort  Colvillfi  and  Cascade 
Mountains,  Washington  Territory;  Wasatch  Mountains;  also  the  Eastern 
slope,  in  \c\v  Jersey,  New  York,  an<l  Miissachusetts. 

Closely  resembling  M.  offine,  but  differing  in  the  inflorescence,  tlie 
leaves  more  sharply  serrate  and  lesscrispate  when  dry,  thecapside  longer, 
with  a  longer  and  more  acute  lid,  and  the  teeth  narrower. 

r>.  M.  Drummondii,  Bruch  &,  Schimp.  Plants  loosely 
cespitose  :  leaves  open,  reflexed,  decurrent  at  base,  the  lower 
small,  distant,  elliptical-obovate,  the  comal  gradually  larger, 
crowded,  obovate-lanceolate ;  outer  perich.X'tial  leaves  oblong, 
spatulate,  the  inner  very  small  and  lanceolate,  all  mucronate- 
apiculate,  bordered  by  a  yellowish  brown  margin,  ciliate-dentate 
above;  costa  thicl<,  nearly  continuous;  cells  of  the  areolation 
round-hexagonal,  chlorophyllose,  those  of  the  base  oblong  and 
nearly  em])ty:  capsules  clustered  (2  or  3),  oval-oblong,  nearly 
l)endent;  lid  mammifor»"i ;  segments  of  the  inner  ))eristonie 
orange-colored,  broadly  lacunose,  with  2  or  3  intermediate  cilia. 
—  Lond.  Journ.  Bot.  ii.  009  (1843) ;  Sulliv.  Mosses  of  U.  States, 
47,  and  Icon.  Muse.  83,  t.  51 ;  Sulliv.  &  Lesq.  Muse.  Bor.-Amer. 
Exsicc.  n.  199. 

IIab.  White  Mountains  {Oaka^,  Jamcs)\  Maine  (."?crjV)?ier):  Ontario 
(Macoun)\  British  America  (Drnmmond)\  Oregon  {Hall),  n.  257.  partly. 

G.  M.  rostratum,  Schwaegr.  Loosely  cespitose,  with  long 
creeping  stolons ;  fertile  stems  short,  simple,  erect :  branch-  and 


V- 


f 


>'i.W 


244 


nnYAcnyE. 


[Mnin 


m. 


i 


stem-leaves  narrowefl  at  base,  broadly  obovate  or  lini:;iii:it<>,  tlio 
oornal  longer,  spatnlate,  recurved  wlieii  dry,  undulate  on  tho 
rcflexed  borders,  with  broad  distantly  serrate  brown  margins, 
inucronate  or  apiculate  by  the  stout  cxcurrent  costa  ;  periehiutial 
leaves  lanceolate,  entire,  strongly  eostate :  ealyptra  ])ersistc'nt: 
caj)sules  ovate,  yellowish,  soft,  more  or  less  inclined  on  tho 
curved  pedicel,  1  to  o  in  the  same  perichaitium  ;  lid  convex,  con- 
ical-beaked, j)alo  yellow;  outer  peristome  yellow,  the  inner 
orange.  —  Suppl.  i.  2.  130,  t.  79;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  395.  Bryuyu 
rostratum,  Schrad.  Spicil.  Fl.  (jtcrm.  72. 

IIau.  Along  woodland  rivulets,  wet  sand  or  rocks  wet  by  spray;  not 
rare  on  the  Eastern  slope;  not  yet  found  on  the  Western. 

H--I-  I'lowcrs  dkecious  ;  the  male  discoid. 

7.  M.  affine,  Bland.  Plants  hirge,  widely  and  loosely  ces- 
pitose,  sometimes  stoloniferous :  leaves  spreading,  recurve<l 
when  dry  and  crispate  on  the  borders;  lower  stem-leaves  round- 
obovate,  those  in  tho  middle  ovate-oblong,  more  or  less  dccur- 
rent,  the  u))Jhm*  crowded  and  rosulate,  obovate  and  long-spatulate ; 
outer  perichretial  leaves  narrowly  spatulate,  the  inner  lanceolate, 
all  more  or  less  abru))tly  acuminate  and  cuspidate  by  the  stout 
cxcurrent  costa,  bordered  all  around  with  an  acutely  dentate 
margin  :  male  flowers  large  :  capsules  clustered  (1  to  3  or  more), 
pendent,  oblong,  glaucous-green  until  fully  ripe,  then  yellowish 
brown  ;  lid  convex,  apioulate  ;  peristome  as  in  the  j)receding. — 
Schwaegr.  Suppl.  i.  2.  134;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  397.  M.  cuspidatum, 
Neck. ;  Lindb.  Mniac.  Eur.  63. 

Var.  elatum,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Stems  slender;  stolons 
erect :  leaves  bordered  with  a  pale  margin,  with  short  and  dis- 
tant teeth  :  ca])sule  shorter,  generally  solitary. 

Var.  rugicum,  Bruch  »fc  Schimp.  Plants  shorter,  simjjle, 
with  shorter  leaves;  those  of  the  branches  cordate,  apiculate  or 
not,  nearly  entire :  caj)sule  smaller,  inclined  or  cernuous. 

IlAn.  On  the  grountl  and  shaded  banks  or  roots  of  trees,  common; 
var.  elntiim  on  damp  sandstone  rocks  in  woods.  Southern  Ohio. 

8.  M.  insigne,  Mitt.  Plants  robust,  yellowish  green ; 
stems  simjile,  erect,  remotely  foliate,  radiculose  at  the  base  only : 
leaves  ol>]ong  and  oblong-lanceolate,  cuspidate  by  the  cxcurrent 
costa,  long-decurrent  at  the  gradually  narrowed  base,  surrounded 
by  a  colored  serrate  margin  ;  outer  perichajtial  leaves  longer, 
the  inner  short,  narrow,  subulate  :  capsule  long-pedicellate,  half- 


Mnlnm.] 


r.UYACE.I?. 


245 


pendent,  ovate-cylindrical,  clustered  (2  to  4)  ;  lid  convex, 
obtusely  apieulate.  —  Sulliv.  Icon.  Muse.  Suppl.  r)3,  t.  87. 

IlAit.  Western  side  of  the  Koeky  Mountains,  aiul  Vancouver  Island; 
not  rare. 

Mitten  says  thai  it  differs  from  ^f.  (i,{Jino  in  its  lontjer  narrower  leaves, 
wlileli  are  widely  tlecnrretit  at  base,  while  tliey  are  not  at  all  deeurrent  in 
M.  (iffinv.  ISiillivant  rightly  remarks  that  the  dlstinetion  in  the  form  of 
the  leaves  is  quite  eorreet,  but  that  in  M.  aJfiiicWw  leaves  are  always  more 
or  less  deeurrent,  and  that  it  is  therefore  dillieult  to  separate  these  species. 

♦  *  J^eaccH  uith  t(  th!ck  donhhj  dentate  uiarjin. 

•I-   JJd  nunniUnte. 

9.  M.  hornum,  T/iun.  Dicecious:  j'liuits  densely  ces])itose, 
densely  radiculose  helow;  steins  siiiijile,  bearin;/  at  base  a  few 
denst'lv  foliate  fla<;clliform  branelilets :  U'aves  tiraduallv  closer 
aiul  lar<4er  fiom  the  base  upward,  open,  erect,  sliujhtly  or  not 
at  all  deeurrent,  a  little  twisted  when  dry,  the  lowest  scpianu- 
forni  with  borders  entire  and  costa  reddish,  the  middle  oviil- 
obloni;,  the  uj)per  (»blonuj;  outer  perieluetial  leaves  narrowly 
liuiiiilate-spatul.ate,  the  ieuer  lanceolate,  all  sharjdy  acuminate 
andtirmly  dentate:  capsule  lonu^-ix'ilicclled,  horizontally  inclined, 
elliiitical,  ujreefi  when  ripe  and  tilled  with  the  spores.  —  Spec. 
ri.  ni-J;  IJryol.  Eur.  t.  J]00. 

IIau.  More  generally  on  quartz  or  sohistose  rocks;  plains  and  moun- 
tains. White  Mountains  (0(f/.-('.»i);  moiuitains  of  North  Carolina  (Buck- 
ley);  Laneiister  and  Northampton  Counties,  Pennsylvaaiia  (  T.  I'.  Jdines) ; 
Nova  JScolia  (N.  li.  Juiitcs). 

-i-H-  Lid  rostrate. 

10.  M.  Serratum,  Laich.  Bisexual:  loosely  cespitose; 
tufts  soft,  bright  green;  stems  short,  slender,  purplish,  simi>le 
or  with  sleiuler  basilar  erect  branchlets  :  leaves  distant,  deeur- 
rent, more  or  less  twisted  when  dry,  the  lower  ovate-lanceolate, 
the  u]>]ier  oblong  si)attdate-lanceolate ;  jiericluetial  leaves  nar- 
rowly Ungulate-lanceolate,  all  acutely  acuminate,  with  s])inulose- 
deutate  margins,  which  are  confluent  at  the  apex  with  the 
costa:  cai)sule  horizontally  ini-lined,  oval  and  oblong,  pale  yel- 
low, i)uri»le  at  the  orifice,  soft  ;  li<l  i>ale.  —  PI.  Eur.  478;  Brid. 
Muse.  Recent,  i.  3.  84,  t.  1  ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  301.  Bn/um  serra- 
tu7n^  Schrad.  Spied.  Fl.  Germ.  71,  in  i)art  (?).  31.  marginatum., 
Beauv. ;  Lindb.  Obs.  IMniac.  46. 

II An.  Sandy  borders  of  rivulets  in  woods;  not  rare.  Not  yet  found 
on  the  Western  slope,  as  Dnmnnond's  n.  2.")!),  so  named,  is  referred  l)y 
JSchimper  to  the  following  species.     But  a  close  examination  of  the  sped- 


4 


u 


24G 


nRYACEyK. 


[Milium, 


m 


'A    ; 


+ 


i- 


mens  of  three  of  Dniminond's  sots  lias  failed  to  show  a  sniglo  dld^cious 
plant;  hence  Schiinper's  reference  is  still  uncertain. 

11.  M.  orthorrhynchum,  linich  it  Schiinp.    Dia-cions. 

Differs  from  the  pri'ccdiiiL^  in  tlie  iiiilurc'sci'ijcc,  tlie  ]»iiuits 
KouK'wIiiit  more  solid  and  nioru  densely  foliate,  with  a  sliL,dilIy 
siiialler  areolatioii,  the  teeth  more  acute,  the  eosta  spimilose  oil 
the  hack,  the  jiiale  flowers  discoid  and  |)olyi)hylloiis,  the  eaiisiijo 
siil)\('ntric()se,  sli^'htly  cnrveil  ii|)war<ls,  as  also  the  heak  of  the 
lid,  which  is  somewhat  lon<j:er  and  thicl^cr,  and  the  spores  twice 
as  larj^a-.  —  Hryol.  Knr.,  t.  '.VM. 

II An.  Niagara  Falls  {('liitto)i);  Easton,  Penn.  {.IitiitrH);  Ontario  {Ma- 
roitn);  Colorado  (Uothrork  A-  Wt)lJ')\  lirilish  America  (DrainiHowl), 

1-.  M.  lycopoclioides,  Schwaei^r.  l)i(eci()us:  jdaiits  loosely 
cesjtitose,  slender,  dirty  jjjreen  :  lower  leaves  distant,  obloni;,  the 
u|»]ier  Ljradually  lart^er  tmd  loni^-lini^nlate,  the  pericha'lial  sul>- 
linear,  all  eiis|)idate  by  the  exem-rent  reddish  brown  eosta; 
teeth  of  the  brown  nlar^•in  close  and  sharjily  acnte;  areolation 
dense:  eajtsnle  horizontal,  lon<:;er  than  in  the  last  two  s])ecies, 
snbcylindrical  and  more  or  less  incurved,  brown;  teeth  loni^ci-. 
—  Stipjd.  ii.  2.  24,  t.  IGO;  JJryol.  Eur.  t.  :J92. 

II Au.  Borders  of  rocky  brooks  in  pine  woods;  Adirondack  Mountains 
(Lcsquercux);  White  Mountains  (Jujius);  Canada  (3/;'.s'.  Jloy). 

13.  M.  Umbratile,  Mitt.  Did-cions:  plants  loosely  ccspi- 
tose  or  iTret>ai-ious,  dark  green :  leave.s  loosely  spreadini:^,  tho 
lower  smaller,  oblong,  acute  or  dvy  entire,  the  u])per  elliptical- 
oblong,  short-a])iculatc,  long-decnrrent,  with  narrow  doubly 
serrate  borders;  eosta  perciirrent;  cells  of  tho  areolation 
rounded,  thick-walled  ;  inner  p)erich;etial  leaves  short,  lanceolate, 
the  outer  long-linear,  narrower  than  those  of  the  stem:  capsule 
solitar} ,  cylindrical-oblong,  narrowanl  at  base,  curved,  subinclined 
or  horizontal  on  a  long  reddish  flexuons  pedicel;  lid  pale,  con- 
ical, beaked.  —  Journ.  Linn.  Soc.  viii.  30;  Sulliv.  Icon.  ]Musc. 
Su])j)l.  51,  t.  35. 

IIau.  Mountain  Rocks,  Portage  River  ( Brummond) ;  Gallon  Mountains, 
British  Columbia  (Lydll). 

Resembles  in  its  foliage  M.  serratum,  Brid.,  but  is  allied  by  its  inflores- 
cence to  M.  orthorrhijnchum,  differing  from  it  in  its  softer  leaves,  with 
cells  four  times  as  large,  and  also  from  the  last  species,  whose  cells  are 
only  half  as  large  and  the  comal  leaves  long  and  narrow. 

14.  M.  spinosum,  Schwaegr.  Di(i?cious :  ])lants  widely 
and   loosely   cespitose,  stotit,  dark   purple,  ofteu   2-3-parted; 


')  t^ 


Mnium.] 


IJKYAf'K/K. 


247 


branchlcts  (lonsc'ly  foliate,  il!iu;('Hif()rm  :  lower  leaves  small  ami 
distant,  s(|uaiiiiforin,  ohloiii;,  olitusc,  I'litire,  seariose,  the  ii|>|ier 
and  eomal  al)ru|itly  larLjer,  spreading,' open,  erispate  \^  hen  dry, 
ovate  or  «»l»lon!;-ai'iiininate,  spatulatt' ;  perielia-tial  leaves  nar- 
rower, shortly  cuspidate  hy  the  exeiirrent  hrown  costa,  margin 
|)urj>lish  brown;  teeth  spiiiit'orni :  male  jtlants  mixed  with  tin; 
fertile  or  in  separate  tnt'ts:  cajisules  cluslcriMl  (1  to  .'»),  ovate- 
oblonijf,  solid,  horizontal  or  inclitied  o?!  ;i  re(ldi>h  pedicel ;  lid 
eonieal,  obtusely  beaked.  —  Sup|)l.  i.  'J.  l;](l,  t.  7S  ;  IJryol.  Kur. 
t.  V)[)'.i.     JJi'i/nin  {tj)Uiosntn,  V'oit  in  Sturm,  I)eutschl.  Fl.  ii.  t. 

ILvn.  Umlcr  low  iicndfiit  branches  of  pines,  in  initldli!  ilislricls  of  the 
Rocky  Mountiiins  {Dinonte)',  very  rare. 

A  boaiilifiil  spi'.'ics,  easily  (lislini;uisli;il)lo  by  its  dark  •:^\wn  f()lia!;i\  tho 
leaves  abruptly  longer  at  the  top  of  the  stem,  and  the  male  llowers 
rosidato. 

15.  M.  Spinulosum,  r>rueh  it  Sehim]».  Synau-ions :  rc- 
sembliiiLC  the  last ;  plants  less  robust,  l>ri<;lit  or  yellowish  <j;reen: 
leaves  broadei-,  lont;er-decurrent  at  base,  more  abrujitly  enlarged, 
obovate-obloni::,  less  crispato  ^vhen  dry,  sipicnlate  by  the  exeurrent 
oosta;  marifin  reddish;  outer  jx'riehietial  leaves  narrowly  acumi- 
nate-Iyrate,  tho  inner  v(My  small,  laneeolate:  eapsules  ifenerally 
elustered  ("2  to  G),  smaller  and  f^horter,  mostly  jx'udent  or  more 
inclined,  thin,  greenish  yellow  Avhcn  ripe,  ycllowisli  brown  when 
empty;  lid  narrower,  conical,  fihort-beaked,  orange-colored. — 
Bryoi.  Eur.  t.  394. 

IIau.     Pine  woods  in  the  mountains;  not  rare. 

Tliis  species  is  very  rare  in  Europe,  while  llie  preeediii'j;  is  quite  com- 
mon in  the  Jurassic  or  subaliiine  rei;ion.  It  is  the  reverse  for  the  distri- 
bution of  these  two  species  in  North  America. 

*  *  *  Leaves  wWiout  mar(/ln{<,  srrrote  or  entire. 
-I-  Lid  Jiiyhlij  conve.L',  obtuse  or  (tjnculdte. 
IG.  M.  Stellare,  Ueichard.  Dia'cious :  sub-cespitoso,  pale 
green:  leaves  soft,  gradually  larger  up  to  the  apex  of  the  stems, 
open,  erect,  slightly  decurrent,  oblong  and  long  elliptical-acumi- 
nate, the  lower  nearly  entire,  the  ui)per  simply  and  irregularly 
dentate;  ])erichjvtial  leaves  longer  and  narrower;  eosta  slender, 
vanishing  abruptly  below  the  a]iex  :  cai)sule  solitary,  horizontally 
inclined,  ovate-oblong,  nearly  regular,  soft;  lid  orange,  ccjnvex, 
obtuse.  —  Iledw.  Spec.  j\[usc.  191,  t.  45;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  401. 
3r.  lily t til,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  400 ;  Lindb.  Mniac. 
Eur.  5'4. 


^ 


^!ffll|W'.l  "'lipB 


■nwn 


248 


BRYACE.E. 


[Mill 


I'm. 


+ 


t 


11 AB.     Shaded  banks,  on  Immus;  roots  of  trees.     Very  rare  iji  fruit. 

Scliinipor  says  (Syn.  ed.  2,  487),  that  fruiting  specimens  of  M.  Bli/tlii, 
found  by  Dr.  Kiivr  in  Dovrcfiehl,  Norway,  oblige  him  to  unite  that  species 
to  M.  stclUo'c,  from  which  it  differs  merely  in  its  more  compact  tufts  luid 
higher  stems. 

17.  M.  Cinclidioides,  IIueLon.  Dioecious:  jtlauf.,  larua', 
lo(>sc'ly  cespitost',  bright  t^rcon  and  sliining  when  youny,  l>laeki.sli 
when  old,  the  sterile  branches  with  larger  leaves;  stems  dark 
brown  :  leaves  remote,  large,  the  lower  inserted  only  by  the 
dilated  base  of  the  costa,  roiind-ovatc  or  exactly  oblong,  the 
upper  and  comal  broadly  lingulate,  rounded  and  slightly  eniar- 
g'nate  at  the  apex  or  shortly  apiculate,  deej)ly  undulate ;  outer 
pericluiitial  leaves  spatulate,  the  inner  small  and  lanceolate ; 
costa  gradually  narrower  upward,  vanishing  below  the  apex  ;  all 
the  leaves  thin,  subscarious,  soft,  scarcely  changed  when  <li'\'; 
areolation  obli(iuely  oval,  loose :  caj)sule  on  a  long  slender 
j>edicel,  abruptly  ])endent,  ovate;  lid  convex,  apiculate  or  acu- 
minate. —  jVIusc.  (.term.  41G  ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  402. 

IIab.     Bogs,  in  New  England  {Eaton,  Ingrahaui,  James). 

*  *  *  *  J^mccs  7ti(n'i/iiied,  very  entire. 
-1—   J^  id  rostrate. 

18.  M.  punctatum,  Iledw.  Direcious:  ])lants  in  loose 
dark  or  yellowish  green  tufts;  stems  rigid,  covered  u]i  to  the 
fruit-bearing  apex  with  dark  brown  rootlets :  branch-  ;nid  stem- 
leaves  remote,  open  or  reflexed,  large,  the  lower  round-ovate, 
narrowed  to  the  base,  inserted  by  the  enlarged  costa;  the  upper 
rosulate,  4  to  0,  broadly  ovate-s])atulate,  surrounded  by  :i  brown 
hard  thick  margin,  subcmarginate  and  apiculate  at  the  summit; 
costa  ]*ur]>lish,  abruptly  vanishing  near  the  a]>ex:  male  plants 
more  slender,  with  scarcely  any  stem-le.ives:  caj)su]e  oval, 
mostly  solitary,  horizontally  inclined,  green  when  ri])e ;  lid 
acutely  beaked. —  Sjiec.  j\[usc.  198;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  3S7. 

Hah.  Cold  springs  and  borders  of  brooks,  on  mountains;  rarely 
fruiting. 

Besides  var.  ebttum,  Brueh  it  Schimp.,  wiiose  robust  stems  are  12  to  15 
cm.  long,  local  varieties  are  often  noted.  Specimens  from  Alaska  have 
tlie  leaves  bordered  by  a  thick  broad  dark  orange  margin. 

19.  M=  SUbglobosum,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Syna^ious  : 
appearing  at  first  sight  like  a  more  compact  form  of  Jf.  punc- 
UitKDi,  with  slender  densely  tomentose  yellowish  brown  stems 
and  small  leaves,  but  differing  essentially  in  its  bisexual  flowers 


Cinclidium.] 


BIIYACE.E. 


249 


and  in  its  broadly  obovato  leaves,  not  cmarginate  nor  apieulnte 
at  the  apex,  the  margins  broader,  not  thicker,  and  unit'orni  in 
color;  the  capsules  (not  yet  rijje)  are  small,  shorter,  abruptly 
pendent;  lid  eonieal-beaked,  straight,  not  very  aeiilf.  —  Bryol. 
Eur.  t.  088.  JI.  pseudopunctatuni^  Brueh  &  iSchimp.,  in  Loud. 
Journ.  Hot.  ii.  GGU  (1843). 

IlAit.  Swamps  and  wet  places  in  woods;  Xorthwestorn  America 
(Druininond,  lide  .Scliinipcr). 

20.  M.  hymenophylloides,  Iluebcn.  In  soft  loose  pale 
green  tutts;  stt'uis  radieiilose  below,  dark  brown  :  lower  leaves 
rouiul-()\  ate,  the  upper  narrowed  at  base,  shortly  and  obtusely 
aeuminatt';  costa  uraduallv  thicker  toward  the  base,  vanishing 
below  the  apex;  branch-leaves  distant,  vertically  exjt(jse(l  and 
distichous,  the  young  })ale  or  yellowish  green,  the  old  brownish, 
more  solid,  e(jua!ly  margined  all  around:  fruit  unknown. — 
Muse.  (Jerm.  41('):   Ibyol.  Kur.  t.  ;J09. 

IIau.     Trenton  Falls,  >i(!W  York  {Jdina^), 

*  *  *  *  *  Steins  tree-like:  leaves  dimorphous. 

21.  M.  Menziesii,  .^lueli.  Dicccious:  loosely  eespitose;  stems 
rigid,  ()  to  10  cm.  long,  tomentose  at  base,  dividing  at  the  sum- 
mit intr  numerous  spreading  simpU  .jranehlets  covered  with 
distant  ajtjiressed  s(piamifoi"m  scarious  lanceolate  acuminate 
whitish  leaves,  oiliate-deiitate  from  the  middle  u|)war<l  ;  costa 
vanishing  below  the  apex;  branch-leaves  ovate,  lanceolate-acu- 
minate, simply  serrate  above,  concave-jdicate,  the  costa  abruptly 
spinose  on  the  back,  vanishing  below  the  apex;  ]K'riclia'tial 
leaves  broadly  oval,  long-acuminate,  serrulate  at  the  ajtex : 
)iedicels  long,  generally  clustered  :  caj)sule  oval-cylindric,  bi-oad- 
mouthed,  ])endent  ;  peristome  large,  robust.  —  Syii.  i.  177. 
.IJri/7(m  Mexziesii.,  Hook.  I  Jot.  Misc.  i.  I}(),  t.  19.  Ili/pnuni 
accmthonenron,  Sch\va<'gr.  ^^uppl.  iii.  t.  2r)S''-  Rhizo(f<nnnm 
acant/t(me}/ro)t,  Muell.  l»ot.  Zeif,  v.  803.  Leucolepis  acantlio- 
neura^  Lindb.  ^Iniac.  Eur.  ^7. 

IIau.     Western  coast  of  Xortli  Amftrioa;  not  rare. 

88.  CINCLIDIUM,  Swartz. 

Closely  allied  to  ^finurn,  separated  esj.ecially  by  the  peculiar 
structure  of  the  peristome;  the  outer  composed  of  linear- 
lanceolate  obtuse  teeth,  transversely  latticed   and   mendjran:i- 


?^ 


250 


BIIVACE.E. 


[f'liiclldluin. 


-¥ 


4- 


ceous  on  the  inside,  shorter  than  the  inner  jjurislunie,  to  which 
they  are  adherent  before  becoming  free  by  age,  yellowish  br  )wn, 
hygroseoj)ical ;  the  inner  formed  of  a  cupuliforni  reticnlate 
membrane,  ])ierce(l  at  the  toj)  by  the  point  of  the  ec^himella, 
1G-J)lieate  and  -carinate,  the  keels  alternating  with  the  outer 
teeth,  solid,  orange-colored,  pc.'rsistent  as  earinattj  columnar 
remnants  between  the  teeth  after  the  falling  of  the  lid.  Anuulus 
small,  rudimentary,  persistent.  Spores  very  large,  brown  or 
green. 

1.  0.  stygium,  Swartz.  Stem  blackish  tomentose,  simple 
or  bearing  few  branchlets,  rather  distantly  foliate:  lowiT  leaves 
scattered,  round-ovate,  obtuse,  the  u])per  crowded  into  a  I'osulate 
tuft,  abruptly  broadlv  ovate  or  ovate-t)blong  from  the  narrowed 
base,  ajdculate;  borders  opaque,  cartilaginous;  co.sta  dii-ty 
green  or  blackish  in  old  leaves,  subpercurrent :  capsule  pendent, 
oblong-j)yriform  with  an  inflated  a])o])hysis.  —  Schrad.  .lourn. 
V.  27,  t.  2  (1801).  JMnimn  styguun^  Bruch  aiul  Schimp.  IJryol. 
Eur.  t.  oSf). 

llAU.     Kooky  Mountains  (Drumniond). 

2.  0.  SUbrotundum,  Lindl),  Differing  from  C.  sti/ffuan 
es[)ecially  in  its  smaller  size  and  bisexual  liowers ;  the  leaves 
rounded  from  a  very  short  narrowed  base,  emarginate  and 
obtusely  short-apiculate,  with  the  nearly  Hat  borders  narrowly 
margined  by  a  double  row  of  dark  red  cells,  the  costa  vanishing 
below  the  apex,  the  cells  large,  disjiosed  in  diverging  i-ows, 
irregularly  rhomboidal-oval,  very  slightly  but  uniforndy  thick- 
ened, chlorojihyllose ;  the  eaj)s\de  small,  very  thin,  inclined  or 
subpendent,  globose-oval,  pur])le  and  narrowed  at  the  oriiice, 
with  a  verv  short  colluin,  the  lid  very  hiirldy  convex  and  very 
shortly  apiculate,  the  tt-eth  yellow,  linear-lanceolate,  muticous; 
the  spores  green  and  slightly  smaller.  —  Mniac.  Eui".  in  Faun. 
Flor.  Fenn.  ix.  72. 

IIau,  Greenland  (Vahl)  and  Labrador  (Brcutcl),  according  to  Lind- 
bcrg. 

89.  RHIZOGONIUM,  Brid. 

Stems  simple,  or  rarely  branching:  by  innovations.  Loaves 
solid,  rigid.  Capsule  obeonical,  cernuous,  long-pedicellate. 
Peristome  double,  perfect. 


Leptotheca.] 


BRYACE.E. 


251 


1.  R.  spiniforme,  Bruch.  Syna'cious:  steins  long,  toinen- 
tose  Ir'Iow,  erect,  simple  or  divided  in  the  middle;  branches  of 
equal  length,  curved,  loosely  foliate :  stem-leaves  fuscous,  long- 
lanceolate,  doubly-serrate  on  the  borders,  coarsely  serrate  at 
the  apex;  costa  sharj)ly  serrate  above,  excurrent;  pericluutial 
leaves  broadly  oval  at  the  clasping  base,  abruptly  acuiniuale ; 
cells  of  the  areolation  rouiul,  suudl,  somewhat  obscure:  capsule 
inclined  or  horizontal,  obconical,  enlarged  at  the  orilice,  truncate; 
jiedicel  yery  long;  lid  with  a  short  curved  beak.  —  Kcgensb. 
Flora,  xxix.  lo-i  (1S4()).  Jl/iiuin  .ijji/iij'orine,  31uell.  Syn. 
i.  175. 

Had.     Htilf  shores,  Alabama  and  Louisiana;  in  deep  swamps  at  Spring 
Hill,  near  ^i  'bile  {Muhr};  not  rare  in  Florida. 


&?:.' 


90.  LEPTOTHECA,  Schwacgr. 

Leaves  large,  marginate.  Calyi)trn.  dimi<liate.  Ca])sule 
cylindric-oblong.  Peristome  double,  the  outer  of  10  linear- 
lanceolate  erect  u  eth,  the  inner  a  thin  membrane,  short  and 
entire,  or  longer  and  cut  into  1(3  segments,  nith  or  without 
intermediate  rudimentary  cilia. 

1.  L.  Wrightii,  Sulliv.  Pseudo-monoecious:  stems  short, 
simple,  in  dense  tornentose  tufts:  leaves  rosulate,  si)readiiig,  the 
comal  oblong-obovate  or  obovate-spatulate,  narrowly  margined, 
a]iiculate  or  cusjndate  by  the  excurrent  often  recurvetl  costa; 
borders  recurved  anil  serrulate  above ;  cells  oval-hexagonal, 
filled  bv  the  con     u-ted  utricle:    calvi)tra  diniidiate-subulate : 


capsule  erect,  cylindrical,  slender;  lid  conical,  short-beaked; 
Teeth  very  long  an<l  narrow,  minutely  papillose,  contracte<l  at 
the  articulations;  inner  membrane  short,  not  ])assiug  above  the 
large  compound  annulus.  Miiiute  male  buds,  evidently  from 
the  germination  of  spores,  occur  on  various  parts  of  the  fertile 
plants.  —  Proc.  Amer.  .lead,  v,  281. 
IIau.     Enterprise,  Florida  ( \V.  L.  Foster,  1875). 


SrBTRinK  r.    AULACO^rXIE.E. 

Plants  radicuh>»e.  Leaves  densely  areolate,  the  cells  small, 
round  or  hexauonal-rectangular.  Capsule  ovate-oblong,  short- 
neckeiL     Peristome  of  Mnium. 


252 


BRYACE.E. 


[Aulaconmium. 


^ 


t 


91.  AULAOOMNIUM,  Schwaegr.     (PL  3.) 

Loaves  oblong  or  long-lanceohitc,  ])apillose;  costa  scmiterctc, 
dissolved  below  the  apex ;  areolatioii  nearly  equal.  Flowers 
dioicious,  the  male  discoid  or  gemniiforni.  Caly])tra  narrowly 
cucullate,  long-beaked.  —  /Sphcerocejj/udas^  Neck. 

*  Duecious ;  male  Jtoicers  gemmiform^  terminal. 

1.  A.  androgynum,  Schwaegr.  Tufts  dense,  green  above, 
ferriiginous-toinentose  inside  ;  stems  often  prolonged  into  small 
granuliferous  ajtical  heads  {pseudo2)odia) :  leaves  linear-lanceo- 
late, obscurely  denticulate  at  the  apex,  curved,  slightly  twisted 
when  dry  ;  cells  of  the  areolation  small,  round,  ])apillose  on 
both  faces :  calyptra  descending  to  the  middle  of  the  capsule, 
long-beaked :  capsule  cylindrical-oblong,  cernuous-horizontal, 
furrowed  when  old  ;  lid  large,  highly  convex-conical  ;  annulus 
compound,  revoluble.  —  Suppl.  iii.,  t.  215;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  406. 
Mniani  (oidrogynitm^  Linn.  Sj>ec.  PI.  1110.  Orthoj^i/xis  an- 
dt'Of/yna.,  Beauv. ;    Lindb.  Mni:;ic.  Eur.  77. 

IIau.  On  bare  earth,  root?  of  trees,  in  fissures  of  granite  rocks,  etc.; 
plains  and  mountains.  Cliimaney  Rocks,  French  River  (SuUicant).  Very 
rare  on  the  Eastern  slope,  very  common  on  the  Western. 

*  *  DioecHnis  ;  male  flo'irers  discoid. 

2.  A.  palustre,  S( mvacgr.  In  wide  deep  tufts,  tomontose- 
radiculose,  reddish  brown  inside,  yellowish  or  dirty  green  above; 
stems  long,  flexnous :  leaves  erect-s|)reading,  flexuous,  twisted 
when  dry,  the  lower  broader  than  the  upper,  linear-lanceolate, 
carinate,  transversely  undulate,  crenidate  at  the  apex,  rellexed 
on  the  borders,  acutely  pajdllose  on  both  faces:  male  ])lants 
similar  to  the  fertile  ones  an<l  mixed  with  them  ;  antheridia  and 
clavato  ])araphyses  numerous:  capsule  long-pedicellate,  turgid, 
ovate-oblong,  cn.wed  in  the  middle  ;  lid  large,  highly  convex  at 
base,  conical,  blunt  at  the  apex;  peristome  large;  teeth  nar- 
rowed into  long  subulate  points;  segments  long,  subulate; 
cilia  of  e<pial  length,  free  or  ])artly  coherent;  annulus  large, 
com|)ound,  revoluble.  —  Suj)pl.  iii.,  t.  216  ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  405. 
3Iniuni  judusfre,  Linn.  I.  c,  G i/mnoci/be  palustris,  Fries; 
Lindb.  1.  c.  87. 

Var.  imbricatum,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Leaves  broader, 
imbricate,  very  entire,  not  twisted  when  dry. 


Aulacomnium.] 


DliYACE^E. 


2i>ii 


f 

T 

i 

Var.  fasciculare,  Bmch  &  Schimp.  Much  divid.-l  into 
short  iiodo-se  brunches  ;ind  fiiigellitorm  branchlots. 

Viu:   polycephalum,    l-Jruch    &    Schiimp.      IMants   witli       -*- 
numerous  long  psoudopodia. 

Var.  alpestre,  Schimp.  Stems  short,  slender ;  branches 
fasciculate,  coj)iously  fruiting,  without  })seudoi)odia. 

llAiJ.  Very  common  in  boggy  ground;  phiins  and  mountains;  tlie 
varieties  in  alpine  regions. 

3.  A.  turgidum,  Seliwaegr.  Widely  and  densely  cespi- 
tose  ;  tufts  yellowish  green  a-;ove,  light  brown  below  ;  stems 
without  radicles,  easily  loosened  :  leaves  closely  iml>rieate,  8- 
ranked,  ovate-oblong,  obtuse,  concave,  very  entire,  rellexed  on 

the  borders,  distantly  papillose  on  both  faces ;  costa  thin,  \ 
vanishing  below  the  apex  :  capsule  slightly  narrower  than  that 
of  the  preceding  species  ;  lid  highly  convex,  short-mamillate  ; 
segments  split  and  disjointed  ;  annulus  shorter.  —  Suj)j)l.  iii.  1. 
Aul(ico})inium^  7;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  404.  Milium  turgkluuk^  Wahl. 
Fl.  Lapp.  351,  t.  'J3.      Gymnocybe  tnrgida,  Lindb.  1.  c.  <S5. 

IlAn.  Bogs;  White  Mountains  (Oakes,  James);  Lake  Superior 
(Ar/assiz);   Adirondack  Mountains  (Lesqiiereux);   rare. 

4.  A.  papillosum.  Stems  long  and  slender,  flexuous, 
covered  with  radicles,  divided  at  the  apex  into  fastigiate  short 
branches :  lower  leaves  distant,  the  upper  gradually  closer, 
slightly  crispate,  yellowish  green  or  shining  white,  strict  when 
dry,  ventricose,  decurrent  an<l  inflated  by  loose  brown  cells  at 
the  lanceolate  oblong  base  ;  branch-leaves  smaller,  short-acunu- 
nate  ;  stem-leaves  long-acuminate,  more  or  less  nndu'ate  toward 
the  aj)ex ;  borders  revolute  in  the  lower  part,  erect  above, 
crenate-dentate  or  denticuiate-serrulate  ;  cells  of  the  areolation 
single-paj)illate,  close,  very  scabrous  ;  costa  thick,  green,  deeply 
canaliculate,  vanishing  below  the  apex  ;  pseudojxxlia  short,  yel- 
low :  fruit  not  known.  —  JLaKni  2)apiUosit7n,  ^hioU.  llvgvnn]). 
Flora.  Iviii.  93  (1875). 

IlAn.     Colorado. 

Species  intermediate  between  A.  pnUtatre  and  A.  amlrogymim,  differ- 
ing from  tlie  first  in  tlie  more,  minutely  areolate  and  papillose  loaves; 
from  the  second  in  the  leaves  very  roughly  papillose  and  never  coarsely 
serrate;  and  from  both  in  the  intlatod  base  of  the  leaves. 

*  *  *  Moivxcious :  male  Jloirers  penwiifonn^  axillary. 

5.  A.  heterostichum,  Uruch  &  Schimp.     Plants  in  wide 

pale  green  tufts,  tomcntose  below ;  stems  increasing  by  auiiual         'f' 


»■  r. 


254 


BRYACE^. 


[Timmia. 


i:  '3 


-v 


innovations :  leaves  inclined  to  one  sirle,  the  lower  ohovate, 
gradually  longer  upward  and  obovate-oblong,  incurved  on  one 
side,  oj)en  at  the  other  below,  nearly  flat  toward  the  apex,  ser- 
rate-denticulate from  the  middle  upward,  obtusely  a])iculate, 
densely  areolate ;  costa  yellowish  brown,  vanishing  below  the 
apex  :  buds  of  the  male  flowers  sessile  along  tlie  stems,  radicu- 
lose  at  base ;  inner  perigonial  leaves  broadly  ovate-concave, 
abruptly  acuminate,  costate :  capsule  on  a  short  erect  pedicel, 
oblong,  slightly  incurved  and  inclined ;  lid  convex,  obtusely 
short-beaked;  j)eristome  large;  segments  open  but  not  dis- 
joined; cilia  2  or  :{,  a  little  shorter  than  the  segments;  annnlus 
large,  revoluble.  —  Bryol.  Eur,  t.  403  ;  Sulliv.  Mosses  of  u . 
States,  43,  t.  3.  Orthoj^i/xis  /ictcrosticha,  Beauv. ;  Lindb. 
1.  c.  78. 

II An.  Sliady  banks  and  slopes  in  the  woods;  common  on  the  Eastern 
slope  of  the  United  States. 

SUHTRIRE    II.       TIMMIE^. 

Stems  simple  or  dichotomous  by  annual  innovations.  Leaves 
nearly  equal ;  areolation  round-hexagonal,  pai)illose  in  the  upper 
part,  loose  at  the  base.  Flowers  monoecious  and  dioecious. 
Inner  membrane  of  the  peristome  obscurely  16-carinate  at  base, 
divided  above  into  numerous  filiform  segments,  which  are 
united  by  fours  at  the  apex. 

92.  TIMMIA,  Iledw.    (PL  3.) 

Leaves  narrowly  lanceolate,  recurved  or  spreading  from  a 
long-clasping  base,  coarsely  serrate  above ;  costa  round,  stout. 
Calyptra  narrow,  cucullate.  Capsule  on  a  long  thick  pedicel, 
horizontal  or  inclined,  obovate-oblong,  obscurely  striate  or 
smooth,  .^hort-necked.  Lid  convex,  pajiillate  or  depressed  in 
the  middle.     Annulus  narrow.     Spores  very  small. 

1.  T.  megapolitana,  Iledw.  Monoecious:  plants  loosely 
cesi)itose,  bright  green  above  :  leaves  dee])ly  serrate  from  above 
the  clasping  base,  concave,  cirrhate  and  fistulose  when  dry; 
inner  pericha3tial  leaves  thin,  ovate-lanceolate  :  male  flowers  1 
to  3  at  the  base  of  the  female,  short-pedicellate  :  calyptra  long, 
very  narrow,  often  left  attached  to  the  pedicel  or  more  rarely 


Atrichum.] 


BRYACE.E. 


pcrsistliT]^  upo.i  the  capsule  until  ripe:  capsule  oval-oblong, 
horizontal,  inclined  or  pendent,  furrowed  and  erect  when  dry; 
lid  oral  i^e ;  segments  api)endieulate.  —  Muse.  Frond,  i.  S4, 
t.  31  ;  JJryol.  Eur.  t.  407.  T.  vncullata,  Michx.  Fl.  Bor.-Ani. 
ii.  304. 

II Au.     Wet  shaded  banks,  In  woods;  plains  and  mountains;  not  rare. 

T.  cucullata,  Michx.,  differs  from  tlie  normal  form  in  the  pedicels  of 
the  atitheridia  a  little  shorter.     It  is  an  American  variety. 

-.  T.  Austriaca,  Iledw.  I)i<eoious  :  plants  stronger  and 
longer:  leaves  with  a  longer  elas|)ing  dirty  yellow  base,  more 
solid,  yellowish  green,  shining,  serrate  downward  to  the  sheath- 
ing border ;  ])erigonial  leaves  clustered  into  a  long  slieatli, 
s])reading  at  the  apex  :  antheridia  longer,  shorter-j»edicellate  : 
(•aj»sule  on  a  long-pedicel,  horizontal,  oval-oblong,  with  a  longer 
colluin,  more  solid,  brown-striate,  more  distinctly  costate  Mlien 
dry;  lid  highly  convex,  mamillate,  orange-colored;  teeth  longer; 
segments  ])unctulate,  not  ai)2»endiculate.  —  Spec.  Muse.  17G, 
t.  42  ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  408. 

IIab.    Kocky  Mountains  of  Colorado  {E.  Hall,  Doionle). 

Tribe  XIV.    POLYTIUCITE.E. 

Plants  very  variable  in  size  and  appearance,  of  woody  or 
strong"  texture,  often  covering  wide  surfaces,  dividintr  bv  basilar 
innovations,  or  rarely  from  the  apex,  or  in  male  plants  from  the 
centre  of  the  flowers.  Leaves  very  solid,  with  an  enlarged 
costa,  generally  lamellate  on  the  inside  and  with  a  thick  serrate 
margin.  Flowers  dicccious,  rarelv  moncecious  or  bisexual ; 
vagiuule  long.  Calyptra  cucullate,  naked,  spinulose  or  villous, 
often  covered  "with  long  pendent  hairs  reaching  to  below  the 
capsule.  Capsule  Iong-])edicellate,  erect  or  cernuous,  cylindri- 
cal or  angular.  Peristome  sim]>le,  rarely  none  ;  teeth  o'J  or  04, 
rarely  16,  linguiform,  solid,  confluent  at  base,  formed  of  a  mul- 
tiple stratum  of  thick-walled  cells,  their  points  adherent  to  the 
disk-like  apex  of  the  columella.     Sjiores  very  small. 

93.  ATRICHUM,  Beauv.    (PI.  3.) 
Densely  gregarionci  or  cespitose.     Leaves  not  sheathing  at 
base,  Ungulate,    undulate-crisjtate   or   twisted   when  dry,  very 


H 


I''':  I 


256 


BRYACE.E. 


[Atrichum. 


r'l'    '. 


irf 


f  m 


I 


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MM 

11  Mi 


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f 


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f 


chlorophylloso,  narrowly  margined,  acutely  sc>rnite ;  costa 
nearly  rounfl,  lamellate ;  areolation  very  close,  round-hexagonal. 
Flowers  dioecious,  rarely  monoecious,  the  male  cui)-sha])ed ; 
antheridia  and  para])hyses  filiform.  Calyptra  hairy  at  the  apex 
only.  Caj)sulo  oval  or  cylindrical,  cernuous  or  arcuate.  Lid 
long  subulate-rostrate.  Peristome  of  32  teeth,  contiguous  to 
the  thick  columella. —  Catharinea,  Ehrh. 

1.  A.  undulatum,  Beauv.  Stems  erect,  simple  or  dichoto- 
mous  :  lower  leaves  very  small,  squamiform,  the  u])per  and 
comal  long,  narrowly  lingulate,  undulate  on  the  borders,  hispid 
on  the  under  sm-face  by  transverse  rows  of  small  teeth,  smooth 
on  the  upj)er,  yellowish  margined  ;  costa  narrow,  round,  with 
2  to  5  lamelhe,  spinulo-e  on  the  uiuler  side  toward  the  apex  : 
fruits  clustered  (I  to  3):  calyptra  his])id  at  the  apex,  i)ersistent: 
capsule  long-cylindrical,  arcuate  or  erect,  dark  brown  ;  teeth 
narrowly  lingulate,  minutely  verruculose,  marked  with  orange 
lines  in  the  middle.  —  Prod r.  42  ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  410.  liryuvi 
nmhihitum,  Linn.  Spec.  PI.  1117.  Pohjtricliam  undidatum^ 
Iledw.  Muse.  Frond,  i.  43,  t.  IG,  17.  Catharinea  C'ctllibri/on, 
Ehrh.  Beitr.  i.  189. 

IIah.  In  Moods,  on  sandy  ground;  tops  of  old  standing  trunks,  along 
roads,  otc.     Less  common  than  the  following  and  very  variable. 

Tlie  spcoles  is  (lirecious,  but  sometimes  the  young  male  plant  produces 
from  tlie  centre  of  tlie  flower  an  innovation  bearing  female  llowers,  and 
thus  the  male  plant  is  transformed  into  a  fertile  one. 

2.  A.   angustatum,   Bruch   &    Schimp.       More    slender 

than  th(?  last,  with  the  narrower  leaves   more  densely  areo- 

late,  and  serrate  at  the  apex  only,  the  costa  5-G-lamellate : 

Howers  ditecious  :  capsule  nearly  erect  or  subai-cuate,  narrowly 

cylindrical,   dark  purple,  shining;    lid   shorter-rostrate;    teeth 

shorter.  —  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  411.     Pohjtrichum  anf/Hstatnn),  Bi'id. ; 

Hook.  IMusc.  Exot.  t.  50.     Catharinea  anr/ustata,  Brid.  ]Musc. 

Kecent.  Suppl.  iv.  204. 

II AB.  Woods  and  sandy  hills,  in  dryer  places  than  the  last;  very  com- 
mon. 

3.  A.  Selwyni,  Aust.  Differs  from  the  preceding  in  the 
broader  subspatulate  leaves  generally  obtuse,  excavated  at  the 
base,  the  lamellai  of  the  costa  (4  to  G)  broad,  and  the  calyptra 
very  smooth.  —  Coult.  Bot.  Gaz.  ii.  95. 

II AB.    Northwest  coast  of  British  America  (Macoun). 


If  («.,  '  Wf 


Atrichuni.] 


liUYACE.E. 


257 


4.  A.  xanfchopelma.  D'Kecious:  widely  ami  loosoly  cospU 
tosc,  liliU'I.isli,  sliii'lcr:  slcm-k'tivos  orispatt",  twisted  when  dry, 
sj)roa<liii'4  when  moist,  short  and  narrow,  lanceolate,  ohtuso, 
undulate  on  the  hordi-rs,  very  narrowly  tnartfined  nj>wai'd  to 
near  the  a{)ex,  simply  dentate  with  short  rarely  aculeate  te^'th  ; 
oosta  4-n-lain('llati',  s])arini;ly  dentate  at  the  apex,  mori'  densely 
on  tlic  hack  ;  cells  of  the  areolation  small,  (juadrate,  round- 
hexagonal  toward  the  apex:  calyj)tra  very  narrow,  hisjiid  at  the 
apex:  capsule  cylindrical,  narrow,  slightly  curved  on  a  long 
yellow  ]>edicel ;  lid  ohliiiuely  rostrate  from  a  hii^hly  convex 
hase;  ti';th  of  the  peristome  long  and  narrow. —  (\ttharinea 
.<'n,,tJii>j>!'i,iiii,  .Miielj.  IJegensb.  Flora,  Ivi.  482  (187:]). 

\\\\\.     Trxas  (./.  nnU). 

Very  rloscly  iillicil.  like  tlio  last,  to  A.  aunuKtatii))),  of  which  it  appears 
to  bt>  a  viuiviy,  dill't!  in.;  only  in  the  sliort  siini)K!  tooth  of  the  very  narrow 
margin,  Hiosi'  on  lh(!  hade  of  tho  costa  siniiiar  to  those  of  tlie  inai';j;in  and 
very  few.  aiil  the  iiedleel  yelh)sv. 

f).  A.  Le3CUrii,  J:nnes.  l^lants  loosely  ces))itoso  or  gre- 
garious, ii;'nrly  hhick  :  stems  simple,  U  or  8  cm.  long,  slender, 
naked  hclou-,  loosely  foliate  above:  leaves  incurved-crispate 
when  (liy,  eri'ct-si)reading  when  moistened,  linear-lanceolate, 
acuminate,  concave,  sharj)ly  serrate  on  the  borders,  eidarged, 
half-clasping  and  ciliate  at  base  ;  basilar  cells  sub(|iiadrate,  tlio 
upper  nearly  round,  obscure  ;  costa  percnrrent ;  lamella'  4  to  8, 
convex  on  the  back,  serrate:  capsule  erect,  cylindrical-ovate, 
siiort,  enlarged  at  the  orifice  and  turbinate  wlien  empty;  pedi- 
cA  short  and  thick.  — 15ull.  T(U-r.  Clul),  vi.  38. 

Il.vr..  Alaska  (  A'r//o.7,7).  .\  fine  speeio''.  quite  distinct  in  the  narrow 
cri  iped  h'avcs,  with  G  or  8  long  llexuons  cilia  on  each  horiler  near  the 
sheathiii;.;  l),ise,  and  in  the  s<MTate  lainelhe;  lid  and  peristome  not  s(>en. 

0.  A.  crispum,  James.  Diiecious:  ])lants  densely  gre- 
garious, aiisiug  from  a  subterranean  rhizome,  dark  green  ; 
stems  8  or  4  cm.  long,  erect,  flexuous,  simj)le,  slender,  radicu- 
lose  at  the  base  oiily:  leaves  large,  erect,  o|>en  and  spreading, 
not  sheathing,  the  uj)per  closer,  longer,  lingulate-lanceolate, 
u.uhilate-cris[)ate  when  dry,  narrowly  brown-margined,  shar[)ly 
serrate  on  the  borders,  ?iiu)oth  on  the  back  ;  costa  ))ei'ciirrent, 
nearly  roun<l,  with  very  few  narrow  lamella);  basilar  areolation 
loose,  oblong,  the  up])er  of  small  hexagonal  chlorophyllose  cells  : 
male  flowers  cup-shaped ;  outer  perigonial  leaves  three,  large, 
spatulate-lanceolate,  the  inner  numerous,  very  small,  abruptly 


V- 


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258 


UUYACE^. 


[Af.richum. 


cnlar^'C'd  in  the  middle  from  a  narrow  base  and  contracted  to 
the  bhmt  jioint,  entire  :  calyptra  twisted,  liir.snte  at  tlie  aj)ex  : 
capsule  erect  or  inclined  and  slightly  curved,  obovate,  cylindri- 
cal, narrowintr  at  base  to  a  shcjrt  pedicel ;  lid  ol>li(iiiely  rostrate  ; 
teeth  white  and  hyaline,  excejttinj^  the  medial  dark  orange  lino. 
—  Sulliv.  Mosses  of  U.  States,  41,  and  Icon.  IMuse.  7:},  t.  4(1. 
Cdthitrintii  criupa^  James,  Journ.  Acad.  IMiilad.  1n.'>o,  44'). 

IIah.     Grassy  banks  of  small  streams,  aiul  bogj^y  ground,  ul'ui  (.auulLii, 
New  Jersey. 

7.  A.  parallelum,  Mitt.  Dinccious:  plants  loosely  cespi- 
tose,  dark  green  ;  stems  simple,  short,  solid,  erect :  leaves  half- 
oi»en,  incurved  when  moist,  the  upper  longer,  lingulate-lanceo- 
late,  sliar]>ly  dentate  (not  margined)  from  below  the  middle, 
marked  on  the  back  by  small  thin  tooth-like  i>rocesses  parallel 
to  the  costa,  which  is  also  2-3-lamellate  on  the  b.aek,  and  the 
lamellie  dentate;  lower  leaves  shorter,  oblong,  more  obtuse; 
])erielia'tial  leaves  oblong,  convolnti'  at  base,  gradually  narrowed 
and  lanceolate  :  male  plants  more  ^  nder,  the  llowers  cuji-shaped 
capsule  long  and  subcylindrii-al,  slightly  arcuate,  contracted 
under  the  orifice,  ventricose  behjw  ;  surface  N'crrucose.  —  Journ. 
Linn.  Soc.  viii.  48,  t.  8  ;  Sulliv.  Icon.  AIusc.  Sup})l.  54,  t.  38. 

IIab.     (irand  Cote,  Rocky  Mountains  {Driimmond);  mixed  with  tlie 
following. 

Willi  the  size  and  habit  of  A.  nrulnlatum,  distinguished  by  the  capsule 
more  ventricose  below,  and  by  the  characters  indicated  above. 


94.  OLIGOTRICHUM,  DC. 

Stems  simple,  from  subterranean  stolons.  Leaves  long, 
linear-lanceolate,  inciu'ved  on  the  borders,  not  mai-gineil,  sub- 
tnbulose  at  the  apex,  distantly  serrulate,  incurved-hookc  d  when 
dry  ;  costa  subteretc  and  naked  at  base,  gradually  dilated  up- 
ward and  covered  with  numerous  undulate  sinuous  and  crenu- 
late  lamella?.  Flowers  dioecious,  the  male  cup-sha])ed,  })rolifer- 
ous ;  paraphyses  partly  filiform,  })artly  spatulate.  Calyptra  large, 
scarcely  covered  with  erect  hairs.  Cajisule  erect,  ovate-oblong, 
cylindrical,  thin.  Lid  convex-conical,  acuminate  or  long  ros- 
trate.    Teeth  of  the  peristome  thin,  irregular. 

1.  O.  aligerum,  Mitt.  Dicrcious:  plants  loosely  cespitose 
or  gregarious,  black,  radiculose  toward  the  base ;  stems  short 


rsilopilum.] 


lillVACE.E. 


2")0 


jukI  slender :  leaves  ojien  or  ^jtreadiiiLj.  obloiijjj-l.'iucoolate, 
smooth,  l)lunt-j)oiiite<l,  entire  at  base,  sliort-dciitato  above,  ahite 
on  the  hack  by  lonijitudinal  dentate  lanielhe  ;  costa  j-erenrient, 
carinute,  r)-7-lainellate ;  areolation  round-cjuadrati',  diistinet ; 
j)erich;etial  leaves  ovate,  sheathini;-  ai  base,  erect,  narrower  and 
subulate  to  the  npex,  with  round  jjellueid  areolation:  male 
plants  shorter,  jirohterous  from  ihe  centre  of  the  tlowers:  ealy|»- 
tra  with  a  few  erect  hah-s  on  the  upper  part:  cajisuK-  of  the 
same  form  as  in  the  last  species.  —  Jouiti.  Linn.  !Soc.  viii.  48, 
I.  8;  SuHiv.  Icon.  3Iusc.  Suj)])!.  55,  t.  o'J. 

IIah.     (Jr.'Uid  Cole,  Rocky  Mountains  {Drumvinml). 

2.  O.  Lyallii,  Lindb.  Plants  robust,  cespitoso,  dirty  yellow  ; 
stems  fa.sti<4iately  branching  from  the  middle,  ))lieate,  naked  at 
base,  densely  foliate  above :  leaves  broader,  oblontj,  clasjtini;  at 
base,  ojten,  narrowly  lanceolate-aciuninate  above,  densely  lamel- 
late, convex  and  smooth  on  the  back  ;  bor<lers  incurved,  dis- 
tantly serrate  from  the  middle  nj)ward ;  inner  iicrichietial 
leaves  with  a  long  convolute  l»ase  and  a  short  acumen  :  male 
flowers  unknown  :  calyptra  fugacious,  with  few  appressed  haii's, 
split  on  one  side:  cajiside  on  a  long  tlexiious  rethlish  ])e(licel, 
slightly  inclined,  cylindrical-oblong,  ventricose  below,  biplicate 
above,  plicate-rugose  at  base  when  empt}' ;  lid  broadly  conical 
at  base,  subulate-rostrate.  —  Obs.  Polytrich.  in  Faun.  Flur. 
Fenn.  ix.  102.  Pohjt^-icJuidelpJins  Ly(dUi^  Mitt.  Journ.  Linn. 
Soc.  viii.  40,  t.  8;  Sulliv.  &  Lcs(p  Muse.  ]>or.-Am.  Exsicc.  (ed. 
2),  n.  :J22. 

IIah.  British  Columbia  (Lynll)\  Rocky  Mountains,  Colorado,  in  pine 
woods  (E.  llull)\  high  mountains  of  California  (Bohnuh  r). 

95.  PSILOPILUM,  Biid. 
In  aspect  and  mode  of  growth  like  OUgotridium.  Leaves 
oblong,  sheathing  at  base,  open,  erect  above,  obovate-oblong, 
very  concave,  muticons  at  the  slightly  incurved  apex  ;  bordi  is 
irregularly  cremilate  above  ;  lamelhr  of  the  costa  subundulate, 
gradually  narrowed,  thin  and  disaj»pearing  toward  the  base  ; 
upper  areola*.!on  minute,  sulxpiadrate,  long-rectangular  at  the 
sheathing  base.  Calyptra  very  narrow,  smooth.  Ca])sule 
ovate-gibbous,  incurved,  laterally  compressed,  stomatose  at 
base,  rugulose  when  dry,  the  orifice  narrow.     Lid  short,  convex- 


si- 


,■11 
1 

I 


H' 


2G0 


BIIYACK.E. 


[I'nil()j)ilum. 


coiiicjil,  with  a  sliort  incurvud  beak.     Teeth  lonj^,  soino  of  thciii 
bipurtite,  thin.     J)iaj»hr;ii^iM  of  tlio  t'ohiinella  funnel-sliaped. 

1.  P.  arcticum,  l>i'i<l.     stems  sliort,  slmjilc:  ('Mj)suh'  ferru- 
ginous, black  when  old.  —  nry(jl.   riiiv.  ii.  IX).      (Jlli/oti'ichnm 
Ifivhjdtiitn^  Urueh  it  Sehiiup.  liryol.  Eur.  t.  414.     O.  jUibnitmn^ 
Lindb.  Obs.  Polytrieh.  in  Faun.  Flor.  Fenn.  ix.  14:}. 
IIau.     Peat  bogs;  L;il)railor,  Greenland  and  Arctic  America. 

96.  POGONATUM,  Jk-auv.  (PI.  3.) 
Plants  short  and  simple,  or  robust  and  lonj^,  with  dendroid 
ramification  ;  fertile  plants  arising  from  subterranean  stolons 
or  from  a  radical  i»rothallium,  dividing  by  innovations  from  the 
mifldle  of  the  stems  or  from  under  the  perieha'tium.  Flowers 
did'eious ;  Tuale  flowers  ])roliferons.  lieaves  clas|)ing  at  base, 
open,  unaltered  by  moisture  ;  eosta  covered  with  very  numerous 
latnellie  occupying  nearly  the  whole  lamina,  rendering  the 
leaves  hard  an<l  coriaceous;  miirgins  sjdnulose-serrate.  T^aj)- 
8ule  regular,  erect,  or  cernuous.  IVristomo  of  32  teeth,  orange 
in  tiiC  middle. 

§  1.  Ai.oiDKA.     J*l((nts  s/iorf,  fiinq)le,  gregarious  or  scattered,, 
radlcnlose  at  base, 

1.  P.  brevicaule,  P>eauv.  Plants  short,  scattered,  growing 
out  of  a  persistent  dark  green  confervoidal  ])rntlialiium  ;  stem 
simple,  very  short,  \  to  1  cm.  long,  densely  foliate:  lower 
leaves  small,  appressed,  ovate,  short-]K)inted,  the  npjter  larger, 
erect-ojten,  clasping  at  the  ciilai-gcd  base,  lanceolate-.'icuminate; 
perich.elial  leaves  very  long,  oblong,  membranaceous,  o])scnrely 
coslate  at  base,  more  abruptly  narrowed  into  a  long  erect 
obtusely  seri'ate  acumen  ;  lamella;  caj)itate-claviform  in  tivms- 
verse  section  :  male  ])lants  in  short  rooting  buds;  ])erigonial 
leaves  erect,  curved  back  from  above  the  middle,  imbricate, 
broadly  obcordate,  with  a  thick  medial  nerve  excurrent  into  an 
inflated  mucronate  jioint :  calyjitra  very  hairy,  covering  the 
cajjsule  to  the  base:  capsule  cylindrical-oblong,  papillose,  gi-ad- 
ually  narrowed  to  a  short  ]iedicel  ;  lid  convex,  cnlai-ged  at  base, 
abrui)tly  short-beaked.  —  Prod.  ?>\  ;  Sulliv.  Mosses  of  IT.  States, 
41,  and  Icon.  Muse.  75,  t.  47.     2\)ljtricJai))i  Ponisylnanicum^ 


Pogoiiatum,] 


UUYACK.E. 


2G1 


Ilc'dw.   Sju'c.   MuMo.   00,   t.   21.     Pohjtrichum  tcnue,   Mcnz. ; 
Lin.U).  l*(»Iytrich.  U(». 
ILvn.     Moist  chiy  Itiiuks,  Ivistcrii  sl(>i)e  of  \\u'  United  .State?;  coiiitnon. 

2.  P.  brachyphyllum,  I»i'!iuv.  I'laiitsdcnsilytrnMjfMriouH, 
olivi'-Lrri'oii  or  dark  l)r<)\\ii  wlicii  old,  iirisiut;  from  ji  railicular 
jdcttliairmiii ;  .stt-m  rij^itl,  very  short,  2  or  3  m.in.  lonn' :  k'iives 
dose,  the  lower  very  small,  s<|iiamiform,  dUeolored,  the  uiiper 
niiu'h  lai'L^cr,  'J  or  >i  times  lo!ii;er  than  the  stem,  opeii-.spreading, 
the  ujtper  erect,  eiilart^ed  at  the  elaspin-,'  l>ase,  obloiii^'-laiieeo- 
late,  hhiiit  at  the  ajiex,  the  hordeis  entire  ;  lamellie  iidlated  on 
the  horder:  calyptra  villous,  dirty  brown,  reaehiui;-  the  middle 
of  the  ea)isnle  :  ca|»sule  thiek,  i^ihlxms,  ovati',  with  a  distinct 
sliort  neek,  |»aj»ilIose,  yellowish  brown,  obscurely  costate  when 
dry  ;  i)edieel  solid,  dark  red,  twisted  to  the  rij^ht ;  lid  convex-con- 
ical, obtusely  apicidate. —  l*rodr.  H4;  Sulliv.  &  Lesi|.  Muse.  IJor.- 
Amer.  Ivvsicc.  n.  211;  Sulliv.  Icon.  3Iusc.  77,  t.  4S.  J'oli/- 
tric/tiDii  b)'<tf/ii/p/iifU(ini,  Michx.  Fl.  Bor.-Am.  ii.  2'J6;  iSchwaeyr. 
Sui)i)l.  ii.  2.  15,  t.  lijO;  Lindb,  1.  c.  142. 

II AH.     Moibt  clay  banks,  New  Jersey  and  Southorn  .States;  not  rare. 

3.  P.  capillare,  Hrid.     I'lants  short,  gregarious  or  loosely 

pcspitose,   glaucous-green ;    stems    slender,    mostly    sinqile    or 

Icjosely  foliate  :  lower  leaves  distant,  small,  appressed,  gradu.ally 

longer  upward,  the  comal  large,  linear  from  a  short  sheathing 

base,  sharply  serrat(!  on  the  borders;  lamell.'e  abruptly  enlarged 

at  ilie  borders:  male  jilants  smaller:  calyj>tra  haii\v,  covering 

the   capsule    to   the   l)ase :     capsule    oblong-cylindrical,    erect, 

papillose,  thin,  on  a  slender  flexuous  and  comparatively  long 

])edicel ;    lid    hemispherical    at   the    eidarged    base,    al)ruptly 

str.aight-beakcd.  —  Bryol.  Univ.  ii.  127;  Sulliv.  IMusc.  Allegh. 

n.  115,  and    Icon.   Muse.   70,   t.   40.     PoJi/trirhiun   capilldre^ 

Michx.  1.  c.  204;  Lindb.  1.  c.  Ill  and  130.     Pof/omitnrn  nrni- 

(;en(7n,  Drnmm.  Muse.  Amer.  n.  2!^4,  in  part. 

IIah.  Northern  mountains;  White  Mountains,  Adirondacks,  Itocky 
Mountains,  etc. 

4.  P.  dentatum,  Brld.  Closely  resembling  tlic  last  species, 
from  which  it  differs  only  in  the  more  robust  branehing  stems, 
the  longer  capsule  with  straight  not  flexuous  ])edicel,  the  teetli 
of  the  leaves  longer,  curved  outward  or  backward,  the  j>ericha3- 
tial  leaves  numerous  (5  or  G),  linear-lanceolate,  long-pointed 
above  the  long  ovate  sheathing  base,  and  the  perigonial  leaves 


-V 


262 


BRYACEJE. 


[Po'jonatum. 


shorter.  —  Bryol.  Univ.  ii.  122  ;  Sulliv.  Icon.  Muse.  Siippl.  57, 
t.  41.  Pohjtrichum  dentatum,  Menz.  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  iv.  8(), 
t.  7,  fig.  4;  Scliwiiogr.  Suj)j)l.  ii.  2.  11,  t.  155.  Polijtrichuia 
C(qnllarc,  var.  OJL'yaihj.v^  Lindb.  1.  c.  137. 

IIaij.     Northwest  ooa?5t  (Ndaon,  Menzics);  Alaska  {Jilschoff). 

From  a  comparison  of  specimens  received  from  Ilampe  of  the  trno  P. 
d('nl(U(tiii,  wlii(.'h  exactly  corresponds  to  Schwaegrichen's  figures,  it  is 
eviclent  tiiat  this  species  is  closely  related  to  P.  caijUUire,  if  not  a  mere 
form  of  it.  —  (Sdllicant.) 

5.  P.  contortum,  Losq.  Plants  large,  gregarious  or  loosel)/ 
eesi)itose,  glaucous-green  above,  brown  below;  stem  sinijde  or 
with  an  innovation  from  under  the  })erieha'tium,  loosely  and 
irregularly  foliate  its  whole  length:  leaves  erect,  open,  twisted 
when  dry,  the  lower  short,  gradually  longer  upward,  all  linear- 
lanceolate,  scarcely  enlarged  at  base,  sharply  sen-ate  to  the  base ; 
costa  percurrent,  sj)aringly  dentate  on  the  back;  jjerichietial 
leaves  similar:  calyj)tra  covering  the  whole  ca])sule  :  cajisule 
ovate,  cylindrical  or  obovate,  erect  or  somewhat  curved,  some- 
what constricted  under  the  oritiLC  when  dry;  pedicel  long, 
flexuous  ;  lid  convex  at  base,  rostellate.  —  IMeni.  Calif.  Acad.  i. 
27;  Sulliv.  Icon.  iNfusc.  Suj)])l.  58,  t.  42.  Poh/tricJitnn  cantor- 
t;nn,  Mon/..  1.  c.  78,  t.  7,  fig.  2;  Schwaegr.  Su])pl.  i.  2.  325,  t.  9(3. 
Pogonrttum  latcrale,  IJrid.  Bryol.  ii.  111.  P.  deiitatuni^  Lescp 
1.  c,  in  part. 

II. \R.  Alaska  (KcUorir/);  northwest  coast  (Menzies)',  Columbia  River 
(II(iH);  clay  banks  in  tlense  shaded  woods,  near  Crescent  City,  California 
(lirewrr);  Hocky  Mountains  (Perry). 

<).  P.  atrovirens,  ^litt.  Stem  simple  and  long:  leaves 
spreading,  subcrispate  and  incurved  when  dry,  broadly  lanceo- 
late, acute  from  an  enlarged  ajijiressed  base,  serrate  on  the  bor- 
ders nearly  from  the  base,  dentate  on  the  back :  capsule  short- 
pedicellate,  oblong,  erect ;  lid  convex,  short-rostrate.  —  Journ. 
Tiinn.  Soc.  viii.  49. 

Hah.     Sitka  (Barclay/). 

Differs  from  the  last  in  the  leaves  more  abruptly  pointed,  enlarged  at 
the  base  and  sheathing,  with  the  basilar  areolation  more  distinct. 

§  2.   UuxiGERA.     Stems  lon</,  divUhd  dbom  and  deiidroiil. 

7.  P.  urnigerum,  Bcauv.  Stems  dividing  by  more  or  les8 
numerous  lateral  iimovations  (2  to  10),  all  fertile :  lower  leaves 
very  small,  squamiform,  the  up[)er  crowded,  ojten,  appressed 
when  dry,  linear-lanceolate,  serrate  from  the  slightly  enlarged 


Poli/trichum.] 


BKVACE.E. 


263 


slicathini^  base,  irlaucous-grocu  or  \hj)\i  brown  ;  pcricbtL'tial 
It-avcs  loM<i^er-!shoathiiin-,  narrower :  c'aly]»tra  (Icsoeiuliiiijj  to 
l)elo\v  the  l)ase  of  the  capsule :  capsule  ovato-oblonuj,  i)'ii>illose, 
not  (leforined  wlieu  dry;  liil  plano-convex,  strai<;iit-beaketl. — 
Pntiir.  So;  Bryol.  iMir,  t.  417.  I^uh/trkhum  ur)ii<jenuii,  Linn. 
Sp.  PI.  Hill);  Lin.Ib.  1.  c.  Ill  ami  l:J4. 

IIai!.     Woods,  on  samly  gronixl;  inouiitiiiiis  and  liilly  rcj^ioiis. 

Very  variable,  especially  in  the  size  and  length  of  the  stems.  A  variety 
from  Al.islva  has  very  short  stem.^,  and  a  short  oval  capsule,  with  the 
aspect  of  the  European  P.  nanuni,  Xeck. 

8.  P.  alpinum,  IJoehl.  Loosely  and  irregularly  cespitose  ; 
stems  ilv'xuous  or  erect,  black,  triangular:  leaves  ojicn,  recurved 
or  subsecund,  from  a  while  shininu;  lonu^-sheathino;  base,  lonii 
and  narrowly  linear-lanceolate,  concave,  sjiarply  reddish-dentate, 
spinuiose  on  the  back  near  the  apex :  capsido  long-pedieell.ate, 
eernuous  or  inclined,  turgid-ovate  or  oblong,  with  a  short  spurious 
lU'ck,  yellowish  given  when  tilled,  ferruginous  when  empty;  lid 
small,  witli  a  long  obli(iue  be.ak ;  teeth  very  irregidar. — 
Deutschl.  Fl.  ed.  'J,  iii.  o!);  liryol.  Eur.  t.  41H.  Poljtrichxm 
aJpinioii,  \a\\\\.  1.  c. ;  Lindb.  1.  c.  110  and  I'Jl). 

Var.  arcticum,  l>rid.  Plants  slender,  less  divided  :  ca))sido 
longer,  cylindrical,  subarcuate.  —  Bryol.  L'niv.  ii.  Dil.  I\  (ircti- 
curn.^  Poehl.      Polytrir/non  si/lratic>o»,  i\Ienz.  1.  e.  S,'},  t.  7,  fig.  (I, 

V.  r.  septentrionale,  Brid.  1.  c.  Stems  sj^aringly  foliate: 
leaves  shorter,  subsecund:  capsule  erect,  ovate-globose. —  P. 
sej)te>ifrion<(Ie,  1  {oehl. 

A'ar.  brevifoliun? ,  Brid.  1.  e.  Stems  erect ;  brandies  few 
and  short:  leaves  densely  crowded,  imbricate,  short,  rigid,  yel- 
iouish  green:  capsule  very  small,  globose  or  larger  and  oval- 
glo1)ose. —  PoJi/trichum  hrevifoUum^  W.  Brown,  Ap[).  I'arry's 
Voy.  Suppi.  *204. 

Var.  simplex,  Schimj>.  Very  small  ;  stem  sini])le,  scarcely 
1  c.m.  long:  leaves  short,  iml)ricate,  erect  when  dry:  capsule 
short-pedicelle<l,  ovate  or  subglolKwe.  —  Syn.  44'2. 

IlAij.     Wet  roeks  and  shady  grassy  banks,  in  mountains. 


-f 


97.  POLYTRIOHUM.  Linn.    (PI.  3.) 
Plants  growing  in  wide  and   large   tufts,   from   radieulose 
creeping  shoots,     Stems  erect,  simjde,   woody,  triangular,  the 
male  continucnis  from  the  middle  of  the  flowers.     Leaves  as  in 


> 


)' 


f 


^ 


204 


BRYACE.E. 


[Puli/lrichuin. 


Pot/oHat(un,  with  abroad  costa  ;  lamella?  numerous,  not  inflated 
at  the  borders.  Culyj)tra  covered  with  lonuf  hanoiuLC  hairs. 
Capsule  on  a  long  solid  ])edic'el,  (luadrangular  or  rarely  lu'.\a<'-o- 
nal,  with  a  short  subglobose  or  discoidal  aj)oj)]iy.sis.  J. id  large, 
plano-convex  or  conical,  straight-beaked.  Teeth  of  the  peristome 
generally  04.     S})ores  very  small. 

*   Capsule  JiexcKjonal. 

1.  P.  gracile,  ^lenz.  Plants  densely  ces|/itose  ;  stems  erect, 
slender,  very  tlexuous  at  the  tomentose  divided  base,  simple 
above:  leaves  long,  linear-lanceolate,  sharjily  acuminate;  bor- 
ders thin,  I'rect,  acutely  dentate  :  cajtsule  erect  on  a  long  pedicel, 
horizontal  when  dry,  hexagonal-ovate,  covered  by  tlu'  calyptra 
nearly  to  the  base  ;  lid  long-rostrate  from  a  conical  base,  straight 
or  oblique;  ])eristome  of  04  unecpial  teeth.  —  Trans,  l^inii.  Soc. 
iv.  73,  t.  ('),  hg.  :} ;  JJryol.  Eur.  t.  421. 

IIah.  IVat,  bo.:,^s  of  Nonlici'ii  Ohio  (ie.sr/!<cre«j) ;  Lake  Superior 
{A[ias)^'iz)\  Konky  Mountains  (£".  Ihtll). 

2.  P.  formosum,  IIimIw.  Loosely  cesjiitose  ;  stems  long, 
sometimes  very  long,  erect  from  the  prosti'atc  base :  lower  leaves 
very  small,  membranaceous,  sheathinp:,  open  at  the  ajilculate 
I)oiiit,  the  ui)])er  open  and  recurved  froi.t  a  long  sheathing  and 
shining  whitish  base,  glaucous-green  above,  loosrly  a]ipressed 
when  dry,  long  linear-lanceolate  ;  margins  erect,  sharply  dentate 
to  near  the  clasping  base;  ])ericha'tial  leaves  very  long,  erect : 
calyj)tra  descending  to  the  base  of  theca])sule:  cajiside  on  a 
long  tleshy  jiedicel,  erect  when  moist,  cernvious  when  dry,  hori- 
zontal when  empty,  hexagonal  or  triangular,  with  a  distiiu't 
a])o])hysls;  lid  conical  at  base,  gradually  long-acuminate,  red  on 
the  borders.  — Spec.  Muse.  92,  t.  19;  l^ryol.  Eur.  t.  42(t.  J\ 
attemiatuni,  ]Menz.  1.  c.  fig.  2;  Lindb.  Polytrich.  109  and  12(). 

Var.  pallidisetura,  Bruch  &  Schimp,  Stems  shorter: 
leaves  shorter  .and  bi'ight  green  :  ca]»sule  narrower,  often  sub- 
cylindrical;  pedicel  yellow,  reddish  at  base  only. 

II An.     Woods,  in  mountain  regions;  the  variety  in  subalpine  regions. 

*  *   Capsuie  quadrancpilar. 

3.  P.  piliferum,  Schreb.  Loosely  cespitose ;  stems  simple, 
fro'n  r.'idiculose  subterranean  cree])lng  shoots,  erect,  naked 
below :  lower  leaves  very  small,  appressed,  scarcely  visible,  the 


^^ifiri 


Polytrkhum.] 


BllYACEJE. 


2G5 


u]i]icr  al»rui,tly  lavfjor,  crowded,  glaucous-i^rccn,  iiiil)ricatt'  wlicu 
dry,  ovate,  slieatliiii;:^,  loii^-laiiceolato  at  base,  nearly  erect 
towards  tlic  apex  by  the  inllexioii  of  the  entire  borders;  eusta 
))roloiijxed  into  a  h)ni^  wiiite  dentate  awn  ;  jierieluelial  leaves 
linear-lini^ulate,  creet,  very  eoneave,  the  iinier  tiiin  ;  eosla  round, 
without  lamella',  the  awn  very  loni?-;  calyittra  deseendinLC  btlow 
the  ea])sule:  capsule  tetragonal-ovate,  erect,  cernuous  when 
dry;  lid  de])ressed,  conical  at  base,  short-rostrate,  purjile  or 
oranL,fe;  teeth  regular.  —  Spicil.  Fl.  Lips.  74;  ]>ryol.  Eur.  t.  4"i2. 

Var.  Hoppei,  IJabenh.  Stems  very  densely  cespitose, 
short:  leaves  subimbricate  when  wet,  shorter,  with  a  very  long 
awn:  capsule  on  a  siiort  thick  jiedicel,  S(|uare  or  subcubical, 
orange,  always  erect. 

IlAii.  Sandy  barron  ctround;  plahis  ami  luountahis.  The  variety  in 
tlie  lidcky  Moiuitaitis  {Doxvuic). 

4.  P.  juniperinum,  Willd.  Plants  long,  erect  from  subter- 
ranean shoots,  simple,  dichotoinous  above:  leaves  sju'eading- 
o])en  when  moisteiUMl,  erect  when  dry,  glaucous  or  dirty  green, 
long  linear-lanceolate  from  the  eidarged  sheathing  bnsi-,  entire, 
iiitlexed  on  the  bonlers;  costa  excnrrent  into  a  shoi't  reddish 
brown  serrulate  awn;  pericdui'tial  and  {x'l'igonial  leaves  mem- 
branaceous on  the  borders;  lamelhe  ]»ajiillnse  on  the  margins: 
capsule  entirely  covered  by  the  calyjitra,  tetragonal-})i'ismatic, 
solid,  recblish  orange,  becoming  brown  Avhen  old;  lid  plano- 
convex at  base,  aj»iculate,  reddisli.  —  Fl.  lierol.  30.");  lledw. 
Spec.  Muse.  89,  t.  IS  ;  IJryol.  Eur.  t.  428. 

Var.  alpinum,  Schimp.  In  comjiact  tufts;  stems  shoiler: 
leaves  shorter,  more  crowded,  imbricate  when  (b\v,  the  ))eri- 
cluetial  long-curved:  calyptra  shorter,  white:  capsule  shorter, 
short-pedicellate.  —  Syn.  447. 

Hati.  Barron  and  dry  meadows;  i)lains  and  mountains.  Tlio  variety 
in  liigli  mountains. 

5.  p.  strictum,  Banks.  Plants  slender,  densely  cespitose, 
])ranching;  tufts  matted  with  a  dense  wliitish  temicious  tomen- 
tum :  leaves  erect-open,  strict,  ind)ricate  when  dry,  shorter 
and  narrower  than  in  the  last:  capsule  smaller,  acutely  angled, 
red-oiange,  covered  entirely  by  the  villous  calyptra. — .Menz. 
Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  iv.  77,  t.  7,  tig.  I.  /^  alpcstre,  IIo)t]>c.  P. 
JHniperi)vnn,  ^•ar.  sfn'i'f'/})),  Wallm.,  and  var.  aljwstre^  Urucli  & 

Schimp.  liryol.  Eur.  t.  4:24;  SuHiv.  I\rosses  of  U.  States,  \'l. 
II An.     Mountains,  on  dry  rocks;  White  Mountains,  etc. 


~i 


■/- 


w 


I  r 


'  * 


ii  I, 


f 


ir 


His 


J 


26G 


BRYACEiE. 


[Polytrithum. 


G.  P.  commune,  Linn.  Plants  very  largo,  loosely  cos])itoso, 
(lark  red :  leaves  open,  recurved,  very  long-sheath iiiu^,  nieni- 
branaceou.-',  whitish  at  hase ;  borders  narrow,  shar))ly  and 
densely  serrate  to  the  enlarged  base ;  borders  of  the  larnelho 
l)ai»illose  ;  iterieluetial  leaves  erect,  very  long-sheathing,  awned: 
4^  calyjttra  very  hairy,   descending  below  the  capsule:    cai)sulo 

Khari)ly  angled,  long-])edicellate,  light  brown,  horizontal  when 
dry  and  enijity;  lid  llattened-convex  at  base,  conical-ai)iculate, 
with  red  borders.  —  Spec.  PI.  1109;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  Vl'). 

Vai-.  perigoniale,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Smaller,  often  bifid: 
)»ei-ii'ha'tial  leaves  all  membranaceous,  long-aristate :  lid  pale, 
•short-apiculate. —  P.  i)eri(/o)iiale,  ]\Iich.\-.  Fl.  IJor.-Am.  ii.  *298. 

llAii.     Bog i  and  woods;  plains  and  mountains.     June.     Very  variable. 

Tuna:  XV.     BUXBAU^IIE.E. 

Small  stendess  plants,  with  largo  oblique  ventricoso  capsides, 
sessile  or  with  short  thick  ])edicels,  Calyptra  very  small,  con- 
ical, smooth.  Si)orangium  pedicellate,  small,  attached  by 
filanu'uts  to  the  walls  of  the  capsule.  Peristome  double,  the 
outer  rudimentary,  or  composed  of  one  or  more  rows  of  more 
or  less  perfect  teeth,  the  inner  mcnd)ranaceous,  and  forming 
a  truncate  cone  of  10  or  32  twisted  folds.     Si)ores  very  small. 

98.  DIPHYSOIUM,  Mohr.  (PI.  8.) 
Stems  very  short,  simple,  witli  numerous  long  radicles.  Stem- 
leaves  lingidate,  thick,  composed  of  a  doul)lc  stratum  of  cells, 
costate,  chlorophyllose  ;  arcolation  vor\-  small,  rounil-hcxagonal ; 
])crich;ctial  leaves  larger,  ovate-lanceolate,  thin,  submembrana- 
ceous,  leej)ly  serrate  or  lacerate-ciliate  at  the  aj)ex;  costa  ex- 
cui-rent  into  an  awn.  Flowers  dicecious  ;  the  male  open,  on 
plants  similar  to  the  fertile  ones,  the  paraphyses  longer  than  the 
antheridia ;  the  female  genimiform,  with  parajjhyses  shorter  than 
the  long-styled  archegonia.  Vaginule  formed  of  the  thickened 
u])])er  part  of  the  stem,  b(>aring  the  ]ierich:e('iMr..  C':iiv]>t".i 
acut (^-conical,  coveriug  the  lid.  Ca})sulc  ventrli^  i^o,  •>',-af>'- 
conical,  yellovrish  green.     Lid  conical,  aciile.     Ou! ■  i  ['"r-r.ome 


BuxhaiDnia.] 


BUY  ACE  JE. 


2G7 


foniu'<l  on  an  annulus  with  sixteen  notolies  representing  teeth 
inure  or  h'ss  distinctly. 

1.  D.  foliosuin,  Mohr.  Widely  cespitose,  dark  screen  ; 
stem-leaves  erenulate  on  the  bordei'S  l»y  prominent  cells,  cris- 
pate  when  diT  :  capsule  immersed  in  tin  colorless  periclnetium  ; 
teeth  ot'  the  outer  ])eristonie  very  short,  triangular,  sjjraniilosc, 
ti-aiisvei-sfly  articulate,  often  ])erforated  in  the  middle,  pale 
yellow,  purple  at  the  apex.  —  Ol)s,  liot.  .'U ;  liryol.  Eur.  t.  42S 
and  4"i^''  I) i'.rf>(> u))/ ia /oliosa,  \Vi.'\K  V\.  (lott.  V2x.  W'ebera 
.s'..m///.s',  I/nidl),  Oi'v.  Vet.  Akad.  Forh.  xxi,  570. 

IIau.     Clayey  and  shady  sandy  banks,  aloni;  roads. 

99.  BUXBAUMIA,  Hall.  (PI.  3.) 
Plants  very  small,  L^regarious,  G:rowintjj  on  soil  or  decaying 
wood.  Lower  leaves  hnjadly  ovate  or  ovate-lanceolate^  the 
u]iper  ovate  and  lincar-ol^long,  without  costa,  cc^arscly  dentate- 
ciliate  on  the  borders  by  ])rominent  cells  ;  areolalion  loose, 
oblong-hexagonal,  not  chloro])liyllose,  jiale  near  the  l)ase,  red- 
disli  or  orange-colore<l  toward  the  aj)ex,  iri"cgul:ir  when  young; 
basilar  cells  transformed  into  laciniic  or  long  brown  lilaincnts, 
becoming  roots  and  covering  the  stem  and  vaginule  with  a  very 
thick  tomentum.  Flowers  dioecious ;  nnile  plants  smaller  than 
the  fertile,  with  a  few  thin  leaves  not  laciniato  when  old  ; 
antheridia  solitary  or  in  j)airs,  wltli  fi'w  paraphyses  ;  jH'rigynium 
of  the  fc'-tiic  Howers  ovate-oblong,  of  9  to  I'l  leaves,  becoming 
lacerate  after  fecundation;  archegonia  1  to  .'!,  with  few  short 
paraphyses;  perichaHial  leaves  vei-y  irreguhi!',  raniose-ciliato 
after  fecunchation.  A'aginnle  thick,  tieshy,  forniecl  of  th(>  ])eri- 
cha'tial  ])art  of  the  stem.  Calyptra  conical.  cylin(bieal,  obtuse, 
covering  the  lid  only,  detached  l)efore  tiie  maturity  of  the 
fruit,  sometimes  slightly  split  on  one  side.  Capsule  on  a  thick 
rei]  densely  ^■eI■rucose  pe<licel,  obli<[ue  on  a  solid  erect  neck, 
ovate  or  ovate-oblong,  ventricosc,  flattened  on  one  side.  Liil 
conieal-eylindric,  obtus(>.  Pei'istome  double,  the  outer  either 
imperfect  and  ailhen'ut  to  tlie  ;uniulus,  or  perfect,  formed  oi  a 
double  or  triple  series  ^)i  teeth,  the  inner  like  that  of  Dlphyscium, 


2G8 


BRYACEiE. 


[Ihixhaimiia, 


«.i 


i;    n 


?  i 


m 

mm 


■111      iiii 


f 


Annulu.s  narrow  or  very  largo,  forming  a  solid  in.  g^iilurly  erose 
dcnlate  niargiii  (outer  j»eri,stonie  of  autiioi's). 

I.  B.  aphylla,  Linn.  Annulus  very  broad,  as  liigli  ms  tlic 
niiildlc  ol  tiiu  inner  peristonio  ;  outer  jieristonie  conijioscd  of 
])aU'  irregular  segments,  slightly  exeeeding  the  annulus;  outer 
■wall  of  the  eapsule  detaehed  hclow  tlie  oriiiee  after  the  i'all  of 
the  lid,  laeiniate  and  revolute. — Ama'n.  Aead.  v.  So,  t.  1; 
liryol.  Kur.  t.  427  and  42.S'^- 

Hau.  On  (lie  ground,  cspecialiy  of  granite  regions  and  mountains; 
'Willie  Mountains;  Cusiale  Mountains,  etc.  [Lyall). 

Skkiks  TI.     CLADOCAHri. 

Flowers  terminal  at  the  apex  of  short  lateral  branches. 

TuiHE  XVI.     FONTIXALE.E. 

Af|uatic  mosses,  with  stems  more  or  less  branelung,  bearing 
radich'S  at  their  base  only.  Leaves  thi'cc-i'anked,  thin,  smooth, 
ecostate  ;  retieulation  slightly  chloroithyllose ;  pericha'tial 
braiH'hes  short,  transformed  at  the  apex  into  a  vaginule  ;  peri- 
cluetium  densely  ind»ricate,  sheathing.  Calyjitra  conical  or 
eucullate,  naked.  Cai)sule  sessile,  cmersed.  Peristome  double, 
the  outer  of  IG  long  teeth,  transversely  articulate,  latticed  on 
the  inside,  the  inner  of  IG  cilia  united  into  a  IG-carinate  cone, 
latticed  by  transverse  j)artitions. 

100.  FONTINALIS,  Dill.    (PI.  4.) 

riants  floating  in  water,  generally  long.     Stem  irregularly 

brandling    or    fasciculate-ramose.      Leaves    very    concave    or 

acutely   carinate,  with    a   narrowly   rhomboidal   or  vermicular 

aroolation  <>-enera]lv  enlarixed  at  the  auriculate  base.     Flowei's 

dia'cious,  small,  with  few  antheridia,  arehegonia  and  para])h  ,ses. 

Annulus  none. 

1.  F.  antipyretica,  Linn.  Leaves  broadly  ovate,  acumi- 
nate, entire,  sharjily  carinate-]»licate  ;  borders  retiexed  on  one 
side  toward  tlie  angular  slightly  auricular  loosely  areolate  base, 
green  when  young,  olive-cojoi-  or  blackish  and  often  sj)lit  along 
the   keel   v/hen   old;    areolation    l.-ng    hcxagonal-rhomboidal ; 


Fontinulis.] 


BRYACE^. 


2o9 


jicriclia'tial  leaves  iinbriciito,  tlie  iijjpor  enlarged,  ol)l<nig,  all 
very  obtuse  at  the  apex,  often  lacerate  :  capsule  ovute-obloiig, 
soliil,  olive-green,  fuscous  when  empty;  lid  conical ;  teeth  long, 
(lark  purple,  twisted  inwar<l  when  dry  ;  articulations  close,  20 
t()oi>;  cone  blood-red  ;  partitions  ciliate.  —  Sp.  PI.  llo";  IJryol. 
Eur.  t.  4'jr>.     Pilotrlc/iKiu  aiitij^i/rvlicio/i,  ]Muell.  Syn.  ii.  14X. 

,Vai".  gigantea,  Sulliv,  More  robust  and  less  divided: 
lc'a\(s  larger,  more  closely  imbricate,  generally  shining,  i>alo 
green  or  goldi'ii  yellow,  reddish  when  young,  gradually  smaller 
toward  the  end  of  the  branches:  capsule  smaller,  less  solid; 
teeth  shorter;  cone  less  regularly  lattice(l. —  Icon.  Muse.  100, 
t.  (>tt.  /■'.  f/i'i/a/itea,  Sulliv.  in  Sulliv.  cfc  ].es(|.  .Muse.  IJor.-Amer. 
Exsicc.  n.  224.     F.  /uttoNi,  Sulliv.  1.  c,  n.  224"=- 

ll.vn.  Sliallow  orr(^k»*:  not  roininon.  'J'lie  varioly  in  rivulets  of  the 
plains  uum  'n  nioiiatain  stroaiiH;  very  coiiniiuii. 

2.  F.  Californica,  Sulliv.  Stems  very  soft  ami  much 
diviite(l,  all  foliate:  leaves  open,  concave,  distant,  bi-oadly  oval, 
loosely  areolate  ;  primordial  utricles  of  the  cells  not  (juite  dis- 
solvetl:  fi-uit  unknown.  —  Pacif.  H.  Pep.  iv.  ISO. 

IIai!.  Kivuli'ts  in  llie  Coast  Itani^es  north  of  th«»  Hay  of  San  Francisco 
{Jii'jdnn'). 

I{es('inl)liii'^  F.  rnitip!/rrti:'(i,  var.  (li'jniifra,  Ijut  a  somewhat  smaller 
plant,  with  more  distant  sprcadiir^  sliort(>r  hroadcr  and  less  acuminato 
leaves,  with  a  loose  areolatiou  of  shortor  and  wider  cell-;,  in  whieh  the 
l>riinoiili.il  u. riele  is  more  or  less  conspicuous;  color  reddish  ln'own  or 
copi)eris!i. 

o.  P.  Neo-Mexicana,  Sulliv.  &  Lesq.  T{igid,  yellowish 
or  dirty  green,  shining  when  dry;  sti'ins  much  divided  witli 
long  branciies,  naked  bt'low  :  leaves  open-ereet,  oblong-lanceo- 
late, more  or  less  ])licate  ;  cells  of  the  areolatiou  n;;rrow,  thick- 
walled,  those  of  the  subauriculate  decui'ivMit  ]>ase  enlarged, 
oblong,  ferruginous;  uj>]K'r  perieha'ti.il  Iea\es  o\  ate-oblong, 
al»rujitlv  cuspidate,  uj  )])(]•  art'olat  i(Mi  linear,  and  base  of  the  liincs 
marked  with  reddish  orange  lines:  male  ]>laiits  moi-e  sl(ii<ler; 
perigonial  leaves  numerous:  ca))sule  ovate-oblong,  smaller  than 
in  /•'.  a/itijv/rcfinf  ;  lid  conical,  obtuse  ;  teeth  with  2t)  nrticu- 
latiiins;  coiu'  Iatiice<l  and  pajiillate.  —  ]\rusc.  Tjor.-Amer.  Kxsicc. 
n.  22  t'';  Aust.  ]\rnsc.  A])i)al.  n.  2")!*';  Sulliv.  Icon.  ^\w>v.  Siippl. 
"li,  t.  T)?.  /''.  (i))t!pjfretica,  var.,  Sulliv.  ct  T.esq.  Muse.  Por.- 
Anier.  Kxsicc.  (ed.  2),  n.  334.  F.  Jleycediana,  Les(j.  Proc. 
Calit.  Acad.  i.  2S. 


Y 


-f 


270 


I3HYACEvE. 


[Fonfmalls. 


i 


IIah.  Mount.iin  rivulets  of  N'ow  ^rcxico  (  ]Vri(iht),  sterile  spoclniciis 
upon  vhioh  the  species  was  foundi'd ;  Merced  Iliver,  California  {Hohindtr). 
fertile;  Iloeky  Mountains,  also  fertile  {E.  JIall). 

4.  P.  Dalecarlica,  l>nich  tt  Schimi*.  Plnnls  fnsoiculatcly 
rrsrnoso,  ii;ik('(l  toward  the  baso,  (l;n-k  or  dirty  p^rccii :  leaves 
closely  imbricate,  narrowly  oldoiii^-laticeolate,  acuiiiiiiate,  j^lossv 
coiicavci  and  incurved  on  the  borders;  i)eric"li.'etial  leavi's  lon^er- 
acnniinate,  the  inner  surj>assint^  the  top  of  the  lid,  recurved  at 
the  apex:  teeth  distantly  articidate,  lacunose  between  the 
artictdations ;  cilia  irrci^ularly  latticed,  mostly  disjointed,  vd- 
lowisli,  —  IJryol.  Eur.  t.  4:!1.  J'\  squamosa^  Aiiot. ;  Sulliv. 
JMosses  ot"   V.   States,   i)\. 

\\\\\.     Moiiiilaiu  rivnlcts;  not  rare,  and  abundantly  fruiting. 

T).  F.  biformis,  iSidliv.  Plants  yellowish  green  when 
younuc,  dirtv  L^recn  when  old  ;  stems  lon<x,  very  ramose:  leaves 
loosely  imbricate,  indistinctly  three-ranked,  dimor})hous,  the 
vernal  lar^c,  soft,  broadly  ovate-lanceolate,  concave,  acute  or 
blunt;  the  later,  after  the  falling  off  of  the  hrst,  much  smaller 
and  narrower,  ('(nivolute,  rigid,  covering  the  young  branches; 
aroolation  of  the  vernal  leaves  linear  in  the  middle,  ])roader- 
rhomboidal  and  si)hagnifonn  near  the  a]»ex,  that  of  the  small 
decurrent  l)asal  auricles  much  larger,  quadrate-oblong:  female 
flowers  very  rare,  placed  at  the  base  of  the  stems,  the  male 
long-stipitate,  clustered  ('2  to  4) :  calyj)tra  long-conical,  lacerate 
jit  base  :  capsule  oblong-oval,  closi'ly  folded  among  the  jiericluc- 
tial  leaves,  generally  erose  at  the  ajx'x  when  old  ;  lid  conical, 
rostrate;  teeth  linear-lanceolate,  18-20-articulate ;  cilia  tessel- 
late  and  united  at  the  apex  only,  granulose  and  ])a})illose  like 
the  teeth.  —  Mosses  of  U.  States,  54,  in  ])art,  and  Icon.  JMusi*. 
00,  t.  50,  GO;  Sulliv.  Sc  Lescp  Muse.  Bor.-Amer.  Exsicc.  n.  '220, 
2l2()'''  and  22(;'=-  F.  distic/ia,  var.,  Sulliv.  Muse.  Allcgh.  n.  101, 
and  l*il(>f)'(rhinn  sp/uKjnifoUwi}^  jMuell.  Syn.  ii.  150;  a  vernal 
form.  l'\  (7i\stir/i'f^  ^  ar.,  Sidliv.  1.  c,  n.  102,  and  Pilotrichum 
(listivhinn,  j\ruell.  1.  c,  in  part ;  the  summer  form. 

Hah.     Wootllands,  la  rivulets;  Cential  Ohio. 

15o.^iil('S  otIuM'  characters  less  strikin:;,  such  as  the  rostrate  opercuhuu, 
tiie  long-stipitate  ni;ile  flo\verr<,  etc.,  the  prominent  peculiarity  of  this 
specii's  is  the  change  which  takes  place  in  its  foliage,  the  vernal  leaves 
being  replaced  in  suninier  by  other?  of  a  different  size,  form  and  texture. 

(>.  F.  Novse-Anglias,  SnlHv.  Somewliat  like  the  vernal 
forms  of  the  last   species,  differing  in   the  more  rigid  elastic 


FontinaU;.] 


BRYACEuE. 


271 


stems,  distantly  and  pinnatoly  l)rMnflu>d  at  ri^i^lit  anj^lcs ; 
l)i-an('lK'S  ^hort:  loaves  close,  firm,  generally  briixht  green, 
densely  areolate,  not  dimorphous:  male  llowers  solitary,  the 
fiinale  very  numerous  in  the  axils  of  most  of  the  leavi's  :  cap- 
sule and  peristome  as  in  J'\  bijbn/ti; ;  cilia  less  papillose. — 
Mosses  of  V.  States,  104,  and  Icon.  3Ius('.  lUo,  t.  G5. 

IIah.  New  Il!iv(!ii,  ConiiciticMit  {Eaton);  Massacliuselts  (In'/raham, 
Ji(iiirs);  Itliudc  Isliuid  (Olncij);  C.Uskill  Mouiituiiis,  Now  .Icr.st'V,  etc. 

7.  F.  Lescurii,  Sulliv.  Plants  ureen,  jiassing  to  glossy 
gold-cnlor  ;  sttnis  long,  loosely  foliate,  irregularly  branching, 
su'ijiinnately  ramulose  toward  the  aj>ex :  leaves  open-erect, 
o'iscnrely  three-raidvcd,  h  iig-lanceolate,  concave,  soft,  clasping 
at  base,  slightly  serrulate  ;  t  the  ajiex;  n'.cdiiil  cells  very  nai'i-ow, 
flexuou'^,  linear,  the  apica  shorter  and  bioader,  tle/se  of  the 
basilar  angles  much  larger,  oblong,  inflated:  fl(Avers  numerous 
toward  the  base  of  the  jilants:  cajiside  sliort,  subcylimlrical, 
tiiin,  covered  before  maturity  to  ab(»ve  the  ojtcrcuhim  by  the 
inner  oblong-obtuse  tubulose  ])erich!etial  leaves,  closely  enfold- 
ino:  it,  becoming  shortened  bv  erosion  when  (»ld  :  lid  lonix- 
conical;  teeth  granulose-i>ajiillose,  of  llU  to  ll')  articulations; 
cilia  trabeculate  and  contiected  at  the  a})ex,  free  and  ajipendicu- 
late  at  base.  —  IMosses  of  U.  States,  54,  and  Icon.  Muse.  101, 
t.  01 ;  SuUiv.  Sc  T.es(|.  iVIusc.  Bor.-Amer.  Exsicc.  n.  22S. 

Var.  gracilescens,  Sulliv.  Smaller  and  more  slender, 
resembling  7''.  dlMicha.  —  Icon.  ^Musc.  101. 

II. Mi.  Falls  of  Little  River,  I.ookotil  Mountuins,  Alabiuiia  {I.rsqne- 
7v':,r);  Saco  Rivor,  in  flie  White  Moinitains  {Jamfs);  Oici^ou  (IIiiU). 
'V\w.  variety  in  New  Ilaiupsliirc,  IMioile  I-land,  New  Jerj^ey,  Drlaware, 
etc. 

J^.  F.  Sullivantii,  Lindb.  ]\rnch  like  /'.  Zr.vv//r//,  the 
plants  slender  and  smaller:  leaves  distant,  iiarr. 'Wei-,  dirty  yel- 
low; basilar  cells  very  large;  ))ericluetial  le;i\es  slioi'tcr,  not 
undulate  at  the  apex:  ca])sules  numerous,  cylindri<-al,  shortei- 
and  broader;  lid  longer.  —  Ofvers.  Finska  \v\.  Soc.  xii.  77. 
/'.  L('scta'it\  var.  r(nnoshii\  Sulli\.  Icon.  Muse.  101,  t.  0:2. 

II An.  riioshire  County,  New  Ilainpshiro  {Eaton),  and  Ilniltlelioi-oiigli, 
Vermont  ( Fmsf), 

''.  F.  filiformis,  Sulliv.  &  Losq.  ]Ms.  Plants  very  slen- 
der, nnich  divided  ;  stems  and  branches  filiform,  flexible  :  K  a\  is 
con\(»lute,  narrow,  rigid,  loosely  areolate  ;  primordial  cells  more 
or  less  dissolved:    capsides  very    numerous,    long-cylindrical; 


i'  1 


272 


nilYACEyE. 


[Fouliiiulla, 


'i   Mil! 


i'  >' 


'\l 


M 


teeth  lancooliilc-siibiilMte,  <»1)Sfurely  20-22-articulate,  scarcely 
jn'rl'diMled  oil  tlu'  ilivisural  line,  the  inner  <;('nerally  (h'siroyeil 
ti)  iie.ir  the  hase,  a|)|ien(lieiihitu,  closely  articulate.  —  /-'.  (/I'stic/oty 
SiiUiv.  A:  Le><i.  -Muse.  IJor.-Amei'.  Kxsicc,  (td.  "J),  ii.  'SJ.1.  F. 
distic/i<i^  WW.  (cindor,  Sulliv.  Icon.  Muse.  lU.'),  t.ll4. 

llAii.     Ol.l  buyoiis,  Wcstcni  Kentucky  {Lisqmrcu.i  . 

A  well  iiiarkt'il  species,  Ljeiii.'iiilly  confouiuleil  witli  F.  (Iistirli<t,  but 
readily  dislhiguisheil  by  its  slender  delioiite  liubil  and  its  ioiij^  and  narrow 
cap>ule. 

1*'.  F.  disticha,  Hook  ct  Wils.  Plants  more  robust  than 
in  tlic  last,  more  divided  and  dilTuse,  or  pinnately  branching 
al)()ve:  haves  inori!  open,  broader,  concave,  twisted  at  the 
sii^lilly  st-rndate  apex;  pericluetial  short  and  lacerate:  male 
llowiis  vi'ry  nunx'rous:  fruits  rare:  capside  soniewhtit  broader; 
teeth  li!-li!-arlicida^e ;  the  cilia  transversely  latticeil  from  the 
niiiMK'  upward. —  Dnmnn.  3Iusc.  Auum'.  (Coll.  II.),  n.  151; 
Sidliv.  Muse.  .Vllegh.  n.  100,  Mosses  of  V.  States,  54,  and  Icon. 
.Muse.  io;>,  t.  (i;J. 

il.vii.     New  Orleans  {Dnoiuiiond)',  Mobile  {SitUiniiit). 

11.  F.  hypnoides,  Hartm.  Plants  slender,  with  few 
braiii'lies  ;!nd  short  ^jjreadini;'  braiK.'hlets :  stemdeaves  distant, 
open,  Hea=-ly  llat,  ovatodancoolate,  shtu-jdy  lonej-acuminate, 
narrow  ly  lanceolate  when  youno;,  loosely  reticulate  :  capsule 
very  small,  I'lliptical,  thin,  naked  to  the  inidiUe;  teeth  narrow, 
densely  articulate,  entire,  purjile;  cilia  narrowly  latticed,  blood- 
red. —Skand.  Fl.  ed.  4,  484;  Bryol.  Etir.  t.  4n-J. 

IIau.  Colorailo.  Inelnded  in  \l:\u  iv:  Ilervey's  Catalogue  upon  sterile 
speeiniens  sent  to  the  authors  by  l>rit»di  jic. 

101.  DIOHELYIvIx^,  :\Iyrin.  (PI.  4.) 
Plants  with  distant  subdistichous  branches.  Leaves  narrow, 
lon;j,-  lanceolate-subulate,  falcate  or  covuplicate,  narrowly  costate; 
arcohition  rhoiid)'iid'il.  Flowers  did'cious ;  periclufti'iui  very 
1o:il;-,  the  outer  leaves  imbricate,  the  u])j)er  convolute.  Calyptra 
diuudiate,  descending  to  beh)w  the  capsule  and  connate  at 
bas(>,  or  short  and  cucidlate.  Capsule  loner-]H'dicellate.  Teeth 
(^f  the  outer  jieristome  longdinear.  more  or  less  denstdy  articu- 
I'lt' il,  aiid  si>littino:  along  the  divisural  line;  cilia  longer  than 
the  teeth,  latticed  iibovc  or  appendiculate. 


Dichel'juia.] 


I3RVACE.E 


273 


1.  D  faloatum,  Myiin.  Stems  v:u-i;iMc  in  loii^tli :  leaves 
close,  tliree-raiilaMl,  faleatc-KC'cuiKl,  I'litiro  or  nearly  so,  Iiri^lit 
t;reen  u  lull  yoiiiitj:;,  then  yedowisli-i^'lossy,  l»la<'ki>li  .'MkI  opaijiu; 
ulien  t>M  ;  eusta  subjK'i'eiirrent ;  iiitier  jn-ricliu'tial  ienves  very 
Iwiiu',  tli"iiL^-slia]ie»l,  twisted  around  the  jiedieel :  eaiyptra  elns-'ly 
■.  iifiildiiiL,'  the  j/cilicel  under  tlie  eajisiile,  sjiiit  <^\)('\\  on  one  side,  ^ 
jiali'  st  raw-eolor :    cajiside  oval-olilonLi",    I'xserted   on    a    slender 


ledieel  :  lid    as   \u\vs 


as 


tl 


le   eapsuh',   eoineal-aeununate ;   inner 


jieristoine  linely  lattieed,  hiight   reil.  —  Svensk.  Acad.   Hand). 
ls;;-j,  i>7  I,  t.  <; ;   I'.rvol.  Eur.  t.  433.     Fontimilis  falcttn,  lied 


w 


M 


ise 


I-' 


■oU' 


■M  , 


t.    I'd. 


ll.vi!.  Swifl  iiinimtaiu  stiviuns;  White  Mouulann,  Ciitskills,  A<liron- 
(];icks.  etc. 

2.  D.  uncinatum,  Mitt.  Leaves  three-ranked,  faleate- 
seianid,  laneeoiale  'gradually  narr()\ve<l  to  tlie  dentieulatr  a|ie.v, 
cotujilieate  eo  tate;  borders  niimitely  seri'ulate  t'rotn  the  nnddle 
upward  ;  ouier  jx'ricduetial  leaves  eonvohite,  ()hlonl,^  ohtuse, 
t!ie  itnu'i"  Ioniser,  nioi-e  aeute  :  eapsuh'  e\sert''d,  on  a  sliort  i)e(l- 
icel,  ()v;d,  sul)e(jual ;  lid  as  lon<^  as  the  eajisule,  suhulate :  inner 
pei'istonu'  entirely  lattieed,  a  little  lonu'er  than  the  (niter. — 
.Joui'ii.  l/mn.  Soe.  viii.  44. 

ll.vu.     Fort  (.'olvillc,  Wiishinj^ton  Territory  (Lyafl). 

Closely  allieil  to  I). /(ilcidmn,  from  wiiich  it  tlilt'iTs  in  tli(!  more  shMidcr 
rei  1  more  (li^tiiictly  pinnately  braiieht'd  .stems,  nul  tlie  more  setaceous 
Irives  with  an  excurreiit  eosta,  wliich  is  smooth  heyoiid  tlie  seniil;..e 
iii.iruins,  ami  deiilieulate  only  at  its  apex.  TIu'  perioluotial  leave,  ai'e  not 
tuiste;],  ami  th(>  iiuier  peristome  is  a  perfectly  (•aiK'cMate  ct)ne,  exeeeilin^ 
the  outer  teeth  by  about  one-fit'th  of  llieir  len'.,'th.  —  (Milfj  ii.) 


D.  capillaceum,  I>rueh  &  Schimp.    Oi  tl 


le  same  si/.e 


as  the  his(  ;  hranehes  distiehous,  I'ew,  divarieate,  or  oiic-sided: 
U'aves  sec'ind,  less  faleate,  oval-laneeolate  at  hase,  loM^-diiiear 
al)ove,  acuminate  by  the  exeurrent  e()sta,  serrate  at  tiie  apex, 
dirty  u'l'eeii  ;  ]»erieluetiiun  very  loie/,  j>assin<j:  ahove  the  cap'sulc; 
pericliu'tial  leavers  linear,  thin,  eeostate,  iiale  yellow,  twisted: 
(•ajisule  emerging  from  the  side  of  the  ]»eri(dia'tiiim,  small,  thin, 
pale,  ovate,  truneati!  after  the  fallino-  off  of  the  hiuh  eonieal 
lid;  teeth  ?iarrowdy  linear,  densely  papillose;  eilia  nearly  as 
large,  lt)nger  than  (he  teeth,  eonstrieted  at  th(>  articulations, 
united   only  lu'ar   the   apex   hy  transverse  divisions,  j)apillose, 


]>ale 
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IJryol.    Eur.    t.   4.]n.        Voiitliialis    ca}>illacea,, 
I  asc,  ii.  1.     Ntckera  cap'dlucca^  Muell.  Syn.  ii. 


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BIIYACE.E. 


[Dichdijma, 


H- 


144.     J).   cajnUaceum,  var.   suhili folium,  Briich  &    Scluinp. 
13ryol.  Eur.  t.  435,  in  part  {fi  1,  2,  2:i). 
IIah.     In  valley  rivulets,  rennsylvania  and  tlic  Northwest;  not  rare. 

4.  D.  pallescens,  Brucli  &  Schimp.     llosfiiil)Iin<;  the  last 

in  its  loMLj  pfriciiaitiuiii,  l)ut  differinj;  from  it  in  its  pale  tjncn 

color,   the  shorter  and  loss  divided   stems,  the  shorter  widtr 

more    coni])licate-earinate    nearly    entire    and    closely    an  (date 

leaves,  the  costa  percurrent  or  vanishing  below  the  ajux,  :uid 

the  cilia  sipij)le,  narrower,  and  not  barred.  —  JJryol.  Eur.  under 

t.  4t{G ;  Scldmp.  Corol.  1)7.     I),  ciqnllaceum,  ]\lyrin,  1.  e.  t.  7 ; 

I>ryol.  Eur.  t.  435,  excl.  var. 

U.vn.  lioc'ky  Mountains  (Dnimmond);  stagnant  pools,  New  England 
(Iii'jraliuiu);  rennsylvania  and  Nova  bcotia  (Jaiiies). 

5.  D.  SUbulatum,  Myrin,  1.  c.  Tufts  loni;,  pale,  loose; 
stems  slender,  flaccid,  pinnately  divided  iiUo  short  oj»en  une(iual 
branches:  stem-leaves  open,  distant,  loosely  imbricated,  slJLjhlly 
seciind,  lanceolate,  plicate-concave,  denticulate  at  the  apex; 
costa  narrow,  vanishing  below  the  apex;  pericha'tial  leaves 
ind)ricate,  long-lanceolate,  ecostate,  very  entire:  calyptra  short, 
cucidlate,  covering  the  lid  only:  capsule  oval,  immersed;  lid 
convex,  ol»li(picly  rostellate;  teeth  short,  lanceolate,  split  ojku, 
minutely  punctulato,  saffron  color;  cilia  thin,  much  lo^igi-i-  than 
the  teeth,  nodose  and  a])pendiculate  below,  trabci  r.latc  and 
united  at  the  apex  only,  smooth,  reddish  brown.  —  IJryol.  Eur. 
t.  434.  Foiitinalis  subidata,  Beauv.  Prodr.  58.  jVccAent  subit- 
lata,  Muell.  Syn.  ii.  145. 

Hap.  Georgia  (Ucauvois);  Louisiana  (Drinnmond) ;  Arkansas  {Engel- 
mann), 

C.  D.  cylindricarpum,  Aust.  Stem-leavcs  lanceolate- 
subulate,  twisted,  falcate,  very  entire  or  serridate  at  the  ajiex 
only ;  costa  round,  long-excurrent ;  pericha'tial  leaves  somewl.iat 
twisted,  obtuse:  capsule  cylindrical,  yellowish,  exserti'd  on  a 
pedicel  two  cm.  long,  somewhat  irregular  and  slightly  costatc 
when  dry;  lid  conical,  acute;  teeth  long,  solid,  opacpie,  pajiil- 
lose;  cilia  slightly  longer,  cancellate  their  whole  length,  i>apil- 
lose.  —  Coidt.  Bot.  Gaz.  ii.  111. 

Had.     Oregon  (Mrs.  Jessie  Hoy). 

The  author  compares  it  with  T).  imctnatum,  from  whicli  it  is  distin- 
guished by  the  capsule  twice  as  lont?  and  nuich  longer  pedicellod,  the  outer 
peristome  longer  and  papillose,  tlie  stem-leaves  with  the  costa  more  dis- 
tinctly excurrcnt  into  a  narrower  iDore  acute  terete  point,  etc. 


Cryphcca.] 


BRYACE.E. 


275 


7.  D.  Swartzii,  Lhi-lb,  Ms.  With  the  halut  of  />.  capilla- 
ceiUHy  but  more  robust :  upper  leaves  of  the  braiu'hes  hooked, 
the  others  variously  seeunil,  all  tleiisely  erowdeil,  obseurely  throe- 
ranked,  glossy,  laneeolate  at  base,  gradually  narrowed  into  a 
very  long  tli'l  acumen,  acutely  serrate  at  the  aj»ex,  distantly 
denticulate  below;  costa  vanishing  below  the  j)oint:  fruit 
luiknown.  —  Schimj).  Syn.  4GI.  I/i/pfnan  Jfuitaus,  \:\r.  {icrni- 
tuhi,  Lindb. ;  Ilartm.  Skand.  Fl.,  ed.  9,  18.  //.  eMi/i/iulutio/i, 
Guemb.,  \ars.  vntnersian  and  Cochlea',  Austin,  1.  c.  143. 

ILvn.  Tools  of  stagnant  water,  New  Jersey  [Austin);  California  (Bo- 
ld mk-r,  Jh'cicer). 

Tlic  spcrios  rcsonibles  ITypnnm  Jliiitnns,  and  has  been  ponsiderod  by 
SchiniptT  as  probably  a  variety  of  that  species.  It  is  distinct,  however, 
in  the  narrow  cells  of  the  leaves,  the  two  basilar  rows  nuich  longer  and 
somewhat  broader,  and  in  the  dcnticulation  entirely  surrounding  the  leaf. 
Tiie  species  is  evidently  ditecious.  The  male  plants  received  from  Cali- 
fornia are  covered  with  large  polyphyllons  flowers,  with  the  perigonial 
leaves  broadly  ovate,  concave,  and  narrowed  into  a  long  slender  flexuous 
nearly  entire  point. 

Series  III.     PLEUROCARPI. 

J'ruit  lateral  by  the  position  of  the  flowers  of  both  kinds, 
jilaced  in  the  axils  of  leaves,  either  upon  the  primary  stems  or 
upon  branches. 

TuinK  XXIX.    NECKERE^E. 

Primary  stems  creeping,  generally  defoliate ;  the  secondary 
erect  (U*  i)endent,  dichotomous  or  fasciculately  or  pinnately 
ramulosc.  Leaves  spreading,  generally  largo,  smooth,  rarely 
obscurely  papillose,  minutely  areolato ;  upjior  cells  rhomboidil, 
or  short-linear  in  oblique  rows,  the  lower  long-linear,  angidar  or 
Tuinutely  quadrate.  Fruit  on  perichostial  branchlets  without 
rootlets  at  base.  Calyi)tra  conicid  or  cucidlate,  naked  or  hairy. 
Capsule  generally  immersed  in  the  long  imlu'icato  pericluetiinn, 
erect,  symmetrical,  rarely  curved.  Peristome  simple  or  double, 
very  rarely  none. 

102.  CRYPH^A,  Mohr.    (PI.  5.) 
Secondary  stems  more  or  less  regidarly  {(innate  or  bipinnato. 
Leaves  spr(.'ading  when  moist,  imbricate  when  dry,  ovate,  acu- 


270 


DKYACE.E. 


[Cnjphvca. 


laiiiatc;  oosta  vaiiishlni;  below  the  apex;  areohilioii  miiiuto, 
rouud-ovnl  nbovt',  lon^ar  toward  the  huse.  Flowers  inoiuecious, 
numerous;  |»erkh'>ti:i  on  short  hranches,  often  ajri^lomerate,  the 
|»eri(ha'tial  leaves  very  different  from  those  of  the  stem,  with  a 
linear  vermicular  areolaticfu,  hexajjjonal-reetangular  at  hase. 
Calyptra  conieal-eampanulate,  many  times  split  at  the  base, 
rou^h  or  papillose.  Capsule  immersed,  bubtruncate  at  base, 
ovate,  thin.  I'ei'istome  double;  outer  teeth  linear-lanceolate, 
articulate,  minutely  ])apilIose;  se<jjments  narrow,  linear  or  illi- 
form,  jtinictulate;  cilia  none.     .Annulus  lar<^e,  comj>oimd. 

1.  O.  glomerata,  I»ruch  tt  Schimp.  Plants  small,  riujid, 
in  lo(»se  flat  yi'llowish  ji'reen  tufts;  primary  stems  naked  when 
old,  the  secondary  julaceous,  simple  (>r  rarely  branehinuj:  leaves 
close,  imbricate,  ovate-elliptical,  ai)ruptly  short-acuminate,  eon- 
cave,  rellexed  on  the  bordi'is,  <lensely  areolate ;  medial  and 
up]ter  cells  elliptical,  Iduycr  toward  the  base,  the  marsjjiiKil 
smaller  and  sub([uadrate ;  costa  reachini^  to  the  middle ;  lower 
peiicha'tial  leaves  minute,  ovate,  the  ujtper  uradually  becomiuLj 
much  larticr  than  the  inner,  obloiej;,  abruptiv  rounded  at  the 
ajiex,  thin,  the  costa  excurrent  into  a  thick  point:  male  flowers 
gennnifitrm:  caly|»tra  "J-IMaciniate  at  b.-ise,  split  nearly  to  tho 
toj»  on  one  si>Ie,  scabrous  at  the  ajiex  :  capsule  oval-oblon^-,  thin, 
vi'ry  shortly  pedicellate;  lid  obrKpiely  conical,  acute;  peristome 
whitish;  segments  short;  aiiuulus  compoun<I,  very  broad. — 
IJryol.  Kur.  under  (.'rifj>li<t<(^  5;  Sulliv.  ^fossts  of  ('.States,  50, 
t.  T),  ami  Icon.  Muse.  107,  t.  (!7.  (\  Jllijonnis^  Sulliv.  .AIusc. 
AUeuh.  n.  Si.  Ihiltithia  IntiromitUn^  Ilook.tfc  Wils.  in  Drumm. 
Muse.  Amer.  (O.ll.  II.),  n.  t)l). 

Il.vn.     'liiuiks  of  trcos,  mostly  in  tho  Soutliorn  Strxtos;  not  raro. 

-.  O.  pendula,  Les(i.  &  .lames.  Plants  slender,  loosely 
pendi'ut,  dark  brown,  ujrei'U  in  the  ui)per  |»art  oidy;  primary 
btems  very  short  or  scarcely  seen,  the  secondary  liliform,  thicker 
in  the  middle,  Ijranchiui;  at  the  apex  oidy  ;  bram-hlets  c.ipilli- 
f<»i-m,  eitiicr  loni;  and  f<U'kintr,  or  short,  multiple  ami  tlau;i'llate: 
leaves  s<|uarrose-s|treadinii:  when  moist,  lon<;-acuminate ;  areo 
latiou  dense;  a|tical  cells  ovate,  ani:;ular,  the  alar  transversely 
eloiiifated,  <pia<lrani;ular ;  costa  short,  vanishinc;  I>elow  the  mid- 
dle, sometimes  forking  at  base;  periclnelial  leaves  with  a  short 


Cry^hcrn.] 


imYACK.v:. 


277 


!i(  inncn,  the  soliil  rosta  v.-inisliini;  :it  or  below  the  apox  :  culyptra 
(•((iiical,  tiitiri':  cMpsiiIo  ;iii»!  itcrist.oiiu'  as  in  the  itreceding 
s|K'(ies;  liil  eoiiical,  hlunt  at  the  aj»ex.  —  I'roc.  Aiiicr.  Acad, 
xiv.  l:5S. 

Hah.     On  'niliiudsiri.  P'lorida  {J.  Jhmnrll  Swith,  Cavher). 

Tlic  (link  color  ol"  llic  i)l;iiils,  tlic  lotii;  flcxuous  sU'iidcr  (ilifonn  stonis, 
niifly  hiiiiiilf,  yt'iuTiilly  forking  above  llie  iiiiddle  or  divided  in  tufts  of 
sliorl  caiiillin y  llalK'HaUr  brauclio.s,  ilie  f(;riii  and  disposition  of  the  lonnf-r 
lr,i\t'S,  open  or  rt'ciMVi'tl  al  ilic  lop  ulicn  dry,  the  aroolatloii.  tlic  sliai;,'lit 
conical  opcicuiiiui,  and  llit!  «'iiliii'  calyptia  hispid  to  below  llic  middle, 
aif  tli(,'  essential  cliaiactcrs  wliicli  si'jiaiatc;  this  bi!e<'ies  from  the  last. 

.'>.  C.  nervosa,  IJruch  it  Sehimi*.  \.  c.  Differs  from  C. 
(jldiiK >'(!(((  ill  its  more  sU'iider  (stems,  {eaves  k'ss  crowchMl,  nar- 
rower, hMieeol:ite-aeumiiiate,  the  costa  aseendiiii^  to  near  tlio 
apex  or  vanishing  wiliiin  the  aeiiinen,  the  upjier  periehu'tial 
leaves  lanceolate,  and  iitijiiilose  on  the  litiek  near  the  apex: 
ealyptra  sjilit  on  one  side  only:  capsule  turgid  at  hase,  shorter; 
aimuliis  simple,  shorter,  nearly  smooth,  —  Sulliv.  ."Musses  of 
V .  States,  o(),  and  Ie((n.  ^Iiise.  101),  t.  OS.  iJaltonia  /icrcum, 
H.K.k.  &  Wils.  in  Druiiim.  Muse.  Amer.  ((.'oil.  II.),  n.  lUO. 

IIaii.  On  trees;  Loiiisiiuia  (/^ri//,,y/((;;i(/);  Alabama  {liobinson).  Often 
mixed  with  the  preceding. 

4.  C.  Ravenelii,  Aust.  Phmts  short,  dirty  green,  jnlaeeoiiP, 
curved,  nearly  simple :  leaves  open  when  moist,  round-ovate, 
olituse  or  blinit,  opacpie,  minutely  )>aj'illose  on  the  hack  ;  borders 
slightly  recurved  toward  the  hase,  incurve(l  at  the  apex  ;  costa 
ascending  to  al»ov(!  the  middle,  Hexuous  and  o])en,  une(pially 
hilid  at  the  ajiex;  arcolation  obscure,  minutely  granulose, 
uiiift  /m:  fruiting  branches  very  short  ;  ]>ericha'tial  leaves  thin, 
]iale,  abruptly  short-acuminate;  costa  slender,  vanishing  far 
iielow  the  apex:  c;ij)sule  ov:i!,  solid,  siirroimded  at  the  oriHco 
by  a  broad  solid  red  margin;  lid  conical,  acute;  teeth  S,  red, 
s'llid,  subulate-filiform  from  the  enlarged  base,  nodulose-tirticii- 
1  ite,  perforated  along  the  dividing  line;  segments  n(jne. — 
Coult.  IJot.  Gaz.  ii.  89. 

IIaij.     Rome,  Georgia  (Rnrenel). 

Kesemhles  (J.  (jUtmcnttti,  Ijut  is  readily  distinguished  hy  its  ohtnsisli 
granulose  leaves,  not  sqiiarrose  when  moist,  by  its  shorter  less  abruptly 
I'ointed  periehietial  leaves,  not  costate  to  the  apex,  by  its  shorter  moie 
solid  capsule,  with  a  broad  solid  rim  and  williout  a  persistent  annulus,  by 
its  red  erect  teeth,  appressed  wlieii  moist,  and  by  the  want  of  an  inner 
peristome.  —  ( Austin. )     Apparently  referable  to  the  following  genus. 


m 


^jmm.' 


^:im' 


fw 


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i 


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"r 


278 


BRYACEiE. 


[Lcplodon. 


103.  LEPTODON,  Mohr.  (IM.  4.) 
Stems  short,  cK'|nesst'd,  piiiiiutcly  or  irregularly  divided  into 
short  hnmches.  Leaves  obtuse,  opjuiue,  smooth  or  sliglilly 
j>;i|iillose  on  the  back,  loosely  iml>ricate.  Flowers  nioncecioiis. 
Viiginule  distinet,  coven  <!  with  long  hairs.  Calyjitra  hairy. 
C';ii'siile  subincl tided,  oval-oblong,  soft.  Lid  rostratv.  l*eri!:ton\e 
blniple,  of  10  teeth. 

1.  L.  trichomitrion,  Mohr.  Plants  rigid,  in  broad  yel- 
lowish  green  tufts;  jirimary  stems  creeping,  ii'iifurni,  naked,  the 
secondary  short,  with  numerous  short  branches:  leaves  close, 
open-erect,  ovate-lanceolate,  acuminate  to  a  blunt  point,  concave, 
rcHexed  on  the  borders;  cells  oblong,  fusiform,  smaller  and 
quadrate  along  the  borders  near  tlie  base;  peri<'h;etial  leaves 
of  lo  se  texture,  the  upper  long,  sheathing,  narrowly  acuminate, 
j)assiiig  above  the  base  of  the  capside:  capsule  cylindrical-ovate, 
gradually  narrowe<l  to  a  short  pedicel,  thin  ;  teeth  linear-lanceo- 
I'lte,  whitish,  remotely  articulate,  sometimes  j»erforated  along 
tie  dividing  line;  inner  mend>rane  entire  or  more  or  less 
I.icerated,  adhering  to  the  inner  face  of  the  teeth.  —  Obs.  Hot. 
27;  Sulliv.  Muse.  iVllegli.  n.  88,  and  Icon.  Muse.  11*J,  t.  11. 
J^ttri'fi/iKOidnmi  (7'ic/i<uiiifrion,  Iledw.  Sp.  ^lusc.  8*J,  t.  Id. 
J.(tsi'<i  trichonn'triuni,  IJeauv.  Prodr.  7'2.  J^'orsstrwuiia  trie/to- 
r/iitn'((,  Lindb.  ()fv.  Svensk.  Vet.  Akad.  xix.  GOo. 

Var.  immersus,  Sulliv.  Plants  smaller:  leaves  broader; 
tlu'  j)ericha'tial  shorter-acuminate:  capsule  subimmersed ;  teeth 
more  densely  articulate. —  Icon.  Muse.  112.  X.  itnnwrsvm, 
Sidliv.  ifc  Les(p  Muse.  Bor.-Amer.  Exsicc.  n,  'J34;  Sulliv.  Mosses 
of  IJ.  States,  57. 

Var.  irriguus,  Renauld  Ms.  Leaves  spreading  when  moist ; 
costa  sinij)le,  ascending  to  above  the  middle :  pedicel  geniculate, 
exceeding  the  j)ericha3tial  leaves;  vaginule  with  few  short  liairs. 

Hah.  Treos,  r.irely  on  rocks;  Northern  and  Middle  States.  The 
varieties  in  the  Southern  States,  the  last  on  wet  rocks  in  Florida  {Fitz- 
gerald). 

-.  L.  Ohioensis,  Sulliv.  More  slender  tlian  the  last; 
secondary  stems  julaceous,  less  divided  :  leaves  shorter,  broader, 
horizontally  spreading  when  moistened ;  areolation  nearly 
round ;  costa  thick,  vanishing  above  the  middle :  capsule  and 
operculum  shorter.  —  Muse.  Allegh.  n.  89,  Mosses  of  U.  States, 


!  I 


Alsia.] 


BRYACE.E. 


279 


wu 


57,  t.  4,  .'UkI  Icon.  Muse.  114,  t.  72.     Xeckcr<t  Ohioennis^  Miu-ll. 
Syn.  ii.  \y\.     .Forsstnjimia  Ohiocnsis,  Lindl).  (jfv.  Fiiisk,  Vot. 
8o('.  xii.  7r>. 
Hah.    ("I'litnil  Ohio,  on  troos  in  swjiinpy  woods;  not  rare. 

H.  L.  nitidus,  Mmll).  Ms.  riants  yellowish  jxrocn,  .irlossy; 
jiiiin.iry  stt'ins  jtrostratc,  with  nu-rc  fni^moiits  of  h-avt'S,  tho 
sccoinlarv  sc'ircciv  flattt'iK'd,  rrcct,  or  ciirvi'd  aliovc,  irrciiularlv 
(livitlfd  into  short  sIoikKt  (U-iiscly  foliate  roiiml  hianclu's: 
l('a\('s  erect,  imbricate,  slit^litly  aiiriciilale  at  hase  antl  (hcurreiit, 
l.iDailly  ohloMLj-ovate,  sliort-.'U'iiniinate,  serrulate  at  the  ajK'x 
only;  cnsla  short,  vanisliin<;  helow  the  inithlle;  cells  of  the 
areolatioii  narrowly  rhonihoidal,  ohloiii^-liiiear,  chloroi>h\llose; 
t!iose  of  tiie  angles  few,  (juadrate,  inflated,  small  and  Ijrown ; 
iK'ricluetial  leaves  litiiruiform,  abruptly  short-acumin.'ite,  ec(Kstale, 
VI  ly  entire:  capsule  immersed,  oval-<,dol»ose,  with  a  dark  jHirple 
maruin,  flossy,  ruLXiilose  whe.i  dry ;  lid  larj^e,  broadly  conical, 
apiculate;  teeth  of  the  simple  jteristome  linear-lanceolate,  acu- 
minate, i)ale  brown,  very  brittle,  densely  trabeculate.  —  Sulliv. 
Ic(»n.  .Muse.  Suppl.  SO,  t.  ()0.  XtcLent  Jlacouuii,  Sulliv.  Canad. 
Nat.  ser.  "J,  ii.  71)  and  oU7,  name  only.  J''orsiitnc)nia  iiitiduy 
Ijndb.  1.  c.  'W. 

IIau.     On  trees,  near  Belleville,  Canada  (Macoun). 

104.  ALSIA,  Sulliv. 
Habit  and  appearance  of  Leptodon :  i)rimary  stems  creeping;, 
defoliate,  rooting,  the  secondary  erect,  dendroid,  ]»innately  or 
bipinnately  divided ;  branches  more  or  less  curved  downward 
f)r  circinate  when  dry.  Stem-leaves  ovatc-obloncr,  lanceolate, 
with  multiform  paraphyllia;  areolation  punctiform,  oval-cpiad- 
rate  on  the  basilar  borders.  Flowers  diiecious,  the  male 
numerous,  on  stems  and  branches.  Calyptra  cuculliform, 
smooth.  Capsule  generally  short-pedicellate,  cylindrical  or 
oblong,  erect  or  subeernuous,  emerging  from  a  long  imbricate 
pericluetium.  Lid  conical,  curvirostrate.  Peristome  double; 
outer  teeth  linear-lanceolate,  long;  segments  linear,  filiform, 
nearly  as  lo.ig  as  the  teeth,  enlarged  and  carinate  at  the  junction 
with  the  basilar  membrane,  articulate  and  perforated,  with  or 
without  cilia.     Genus  allied  to  Leptodon. 


280 


BllYACE.E. 


l.i;««(i. 


I  i 


M:i 


-f 


1.  A.  Californica,  SnUiv.  Widily  ccsi'itoso, lui^ht  L,Mi'i'ii ; 
Bccoiidaiy  slems  sulijiiMiiulrly  dividid  :  leuvcs  loosely  iiiilMiiat"-, 
()l)loiii;-Iaii<'i'ol!ilt',  sjtrt'a<liii_L;  hikI  (livrri;«'iit,  ciiuavi',  rcllcxcil 
on  the  liordiTS,  Hat  at  tlie  apex,  si'rnilatc ;  costa  vanisliiiii,'  in 
the  ini<l<ll(' ;  hrancii-lcaves  smaller;  <e!ls  of  tlu'  ii|t|K'r  ami  mid- 
dle |»ortit»ns  roiiml-rliomlioidal,  ol'  tiieiowiT  loiiLCer  and  pellncid, 
of  the  alar  «|iiadiate  and  ol)sciir<';  ujiper  iiericluetial  leaves 
sheathinLT,  iiliform-aeuminate ;  teeth  distinctly  traliecnlate, 
yellowish  inside,  ]»nmlulate-seal»rous;  annnlns  none.  —  I'mc. 
AnuT.  Acad.  iii.  l^;"),  and  Miisc.  WilUes  Kxp.  iT),  t.  lii").  A'tckcra 
Culitoi'ii!<.'iii  Hook,  it  Ani,  IJot.  Beeehev,  1<)2. 

Hah.  (iilifuiiiia,  on  lai's  {I'icka-iny,  liitjiluw,  JSohtnd't',  clc.)\  not 
rare. 

-.  A.  abietina,  Sulliv.  Plants  in  wide  riuid  dark  irreen 
tufts;  secondary  stems  solid,  elastic,  sim)>le  at  h.'ise,  jtinnatelv 
or  suWl*i|tinnalely  branchinij:  aliove,  frondifoi'm,  ciicinate  when 
<lry :  hranch-leaves  flve-rankecl,  ind>ricate,  open-erect,  ovate- 
lanceolate,  (»l»tusely  acuminate,  carinate-eoncave,  pajullose  on 
the  l).".ck  and  serrulate  altove,  recurved  on  the  borders  toward 
the  base;  costa  vanishint;  below  the  apex;  jx'richu'tial  leaves 
striate  at  base  or  excentrically  eostate  to  the  middle:  caly|)tra 
loniTcr  than  in  the  last  sjiecies:  capsule  ol>lon<;-()vate,  thin, 
eostate  when  dry,  short-jiedicellate ;  annulus  c()mj)ound,  revolii- 
ble. — Icon.  Muse.  Hi),  t.  1'2^-  Neckent  ahictimt,  Hook.  Muse. 
Kxot.  t.  7  ;  Sehwaesj:r.  Siipjd.  ii. 'J.  154,  t.  140.  Pllotrichfnn 
ubietitntDi,  Hrid.  Bryol.  T/'niv.  ii.  258.  Ijeptodon  circi/tatus, 
Sulliv.  Pacif.  H.  Pep.  iv.  1H<),  t.  1,  male  i»lant. 

IIah.  On  troos.  Northwost  coast  (Miuzies);  Vancouver  Island  {Lyall)', 
California  (llolandcr,  Uifjelow,  M'utson). 

3.  A.  longipes,  Sulliv.  &  Les<p  Tufts  soft,  jxrayish  jjreen  ; 
secondary  stems  soft,  jtinnately  and  bij>innat(ly  l)ranchini; 
from  near  the  base,  subcompressed :  leaves  oblouL^-lanceoIate  or 
lini^uiforni,  acute,  coarsely  serrate  above,  concue,  jdane  on  the 
borders;  costa  abruptly  vanishin<x  above  the  middle,  denticulate 
on  the  back;  ])erielia}tial  leaves  tubulose,  abruptly  narrowed 
and  denticulate  to  a  retlexed  subulate  apex :  calyptra  lonu, 
cylindrical ;  pedicel  four  times  as  long  as  the  ])erieha?tium  :  teeth 
lonu:,  narrowly  lanceolate  ;  inner  segments  shorter,  8ej)arated  by 
1  or  ti  appendlculate  cilia;  annulus  none.  —  Muse.  Bor.-Amer. 
Exsicc.  ed.  2,  n.  399;  Sulliv.  Icon.  ]\Iusc.  Suppl.  85,  t.  C3. 

II AU.    On  rocks  in  deep  oa&ous,  California  (liolander). 


Neckira.  I 


BUYACE.'E. 


281 


•cti 


not 


105.  NEOKERA,  IK-hv.    (Tl. :..) 


riaiits    Iuiil:",    wii'ijv   <'»s|iiiu>i'.      ^triiis    r.iiliciilosi'    at    Icisc, 

erect   or  |MUiliiit  ;  l»raiiclu's  (listiclitms,  close  or  ilistaiit,  otlcii 

fla^fcllitorni.     Leaves  Hat,  i^enerally  undulati',  i,'loss}',  ju'llucid  ; 

areol.itioii    inimite,    rhoinlioidal,    oMoni^    iti    the    u|i|ter    part, 

liiu'iir  ill  till'  lu'hMIi',  (luadrate  on  the  Itorders.     Capside  naked 

or  .siiiihtly  hairy.     lVrisl(jiiie  double;  outer  teeth  loMnjf,  liuear- 

lanccolate   and   suhuhite,   closely   articulate,   tliin ;  inner  nieni- 

hrane   divided    into   lilifurm   segments,   suhcarinatu   at   base; 

cilia  an<l  annulus  none. 

*   ('((jKstdc  hiimei'Keif. 

1.  N.  disticha,  Hedw.  Syn(ecious:  jilants  pale  «;reen, 
soft ;  stems  cree|>in,r,  >n  ith  loni;  decumbent  Hat  irreuulariy 
j'innate  divisions  :  stemdeaves  loosely  imbricate,  auriculale  and 
unsymmetrical  at  liase,  broadly  liuLjulate,  rtjunded  at  the  ajtex 
and  sliuhtlv  concave  ;  borders  erect,  entire  or  sli<j,htlv  crenulate; 
cost  a  slender,  «»t'ten  forkiui;;  cells  of  the  areolation  round,  the* 
basilar  narrow,  lini'ar,  ]»ale ;  outer  jiericluetial  leaves  small, 
retlexed,  s(|uarrulose,  the  noper  sheathini;,  ovate,  abruptly  acu- 
minate: calyptra  smooth:  capsule  sul)emerLi;ent,  urceolate  or 
obUuiL'-cvlindrical,  i»ale  brown  and  trlossv  when  old  ;  lid  conical- 
subulate,  obliijue;  teeth  narrowly  lanceolate,  subulate,  runulose, 
pale;  seunuents  as  Ioiilt,  not  carinate.  —  Muse.  Frond,  iii.  58, 
t.  22  ;  Muell.  Syn.  ii.  40.  J'ilotrklnon  disticliuin,  IJeauv.  Prodr. 
83.  J)aUonHt  iUsticha^  Arnott,  Disp,  54. 
Hah.     On  trees,  Imliaii  Hiver,  Florhla  [J.  Donncll  Smith,  Austin). 

-.  N.  undulata,  Iledw.  Syna^-ious:  secondary  stems 
slender,  decundjent,  mostly  sim|)le,  yellowish  green:  leaves 
distichous,  compressed,  divaricate,  clas|»ing  the  stem  on  one 
side,  oblong,  lingulate,  very  obtuse  or  truncate  at  the  apex,  not 
concave,  transversely  undulate,  serrulate  on  the  borders;  costa 
n.arrow,  ascending ;  cells  elongated  at  base,  oblong  in  the 
middle,  rounded  at  the  apex ;  outer  j)erichietial  leaves  ovate, 
abrujttly  acuminate,  rellexed,  the  upper  narrowly  long  linear- 
subulate,  surpassing  the  orifice  of  tlie  capsule,  ecostate  or  nar- 
rowly short-eostate,  subserrulate  :  c  ilyptra  8?nall,  covering  the 
lid  only,  generally  8)>lit  on  one  side,  covered  with  few  hairs: 
capsule   sessile,   small,    cylindrical-oblong;    lid   conical,    sLort- 


-h 


t 


282 


BIIYACE.E. 


[AVc^'cra. 


m 


iK'Sikcil ;  tcctli  and  sci^Miciits  nodulose,  ptiiu'tiilatc,  free  to  llio 
l)as«'. —  Muse.   Fnnid.  iii.  f)!,  t.  '21.     J'ilotrit/iufn  undnlatujny 
Ufjiiiv. ;  ."Mucll.  Syn.  ii.  147. 
II Ai!.     On  tiv.s,  Flori.lu  (/>.  /;.  Smith,  J.  Ikmmll  Smith,  Austin). 

•'{.  N.  Menziesii,  Dnmun.  Diu'clous:  jdants  lar<j;i;  and 
loosily  «'t'S|iilosc',  )\'lIo\visli  <;rcc'n,  dark  yt-llow  whin  old  ;  pri- 
marv  stems  ereeiiini;,  .slender,  naked ;  tho  secondary  !;'» to  110  e.ni. 
loHL-',  lla{,  jtinnately  divided;  branches  open,  Hat,  short,  attenu- 
ated, often  flai^elliforni  at  the  apex,  sometimes  covered  with 
loni;  lateral  lilit'orm  llatfelhu:  stem-leaves  undulate  ahove  the 
middle,  not  auriculate  at  base,  obloni^,  linjjfulate,  obtuse  at 
til.'  sii'^iitly  apiculate  ajK'x  ami  minutely  denticulate,  concave, 
revolute  at  base  on  one  side  ;  costa  slender,  vanishinLj  above  tho 
./.  middle;    j  eriduutial   leaves   enlari^ed   in   tlie  middle,   taperiuLj 

ujiward  into  a  loni;  denticulate  acumen:  fertile  dowers  on  the 
secondary  stems,  pedunculate,  exserted,  the  male  very  numerous 
alonij  the  primary  stems  or  at  the  Ikisc  of  the  branches:  capsule 
immersed,  (jblon<;-oval,  pale  brown,  red  at  the  orilice ;  lid  conical, 
short-beaked,  acute  and  inclined;  teeth  narrowly  lanceolate, 
di.-Ainclly  nodose-articulate,  with  a  j)ellucid  border;  seL?nu'nts 
solid,  as  lonuf  as  the  teeth,  split  between  the  articulations;  cilia 
•jone.  —  ]\[usc.  Amer.  n.  lO'J  ;  Lesq.  Proe.  Calif.  Acad.  i.  2S,  de- 
scribinuj  (lowers  and  fruit     Sulliv.  Icon.  Muse.  Sup])l.  8.^,  t.  02. 

II An.  Kocky  Mountains  (Di'ituiniond),  sterile;  roots  of  treos,  California 
{lioldiidcr).  fiTtilo;  Oregon  (E.  Hall);  Fort  Colville  (Lynll);  Spokan 
Falls,  etc.  {Watson). 

4.  N.  pennata,  Hcdw.  Monfeclous :  the  secondary  stems 
pinnately  branching  or  nearly  simjde,  erect:  leaves  ovate  or 
obloiii;,  lanceolate,  short-acuminiite,  slightly  unetpial  at  base, 
entii-e  or  slightly  serrulate  from  the  middle  upward;  costa 
marked  at  base  with  a  short  bij)artite  yellowish  lim%  transversely 
3-5-wrinkle(l  ;  areolation  linear,  very  small ;  inner  ])ericha>tial 
leaves  half-sheathing,  long-lanceolate,  surpassing  the  capsule  by 
the  acuminate  a|)ex,  entire;  vaginule  hairy:  calyptra  small, 
4-  whitish,  covering  only  the  oj)erculum,  which  is  conical-acute 

or  short-beaked,  inclined :  capsule  oval-oblong,  dirty  yellow, 
becoming  brown  by  age,  thin-walled  ;  teeth  linear-subulate  from 
a  narrowly  lanceolate  base,  cohering  at  the  apex,  densely  articu- 
late, irregularly  divi<led,  pale  yellow  ;  segments  rudimentary. — 
Muse.  Frond,  iii.  47,  t.  19;  Bryol.  P2ur.  t.  440. 
Uau.    Trunks  of  trees;  very  common  in  mountainous  districts. 


Ncckira.] 


iJliYACK.?:. 


283 


'^.  N.  oligocarpa,  Hnicli  *fc  S(li'mi|t.  Mnnncioiis:  rosi'in- 
Mini;  tlic  last ;  Htcms  sIcikKt,  piiiiKitrly  hrancliiii;:,',  tlic  In-aiiilics 
atti'iuiato  to  the  apex:  leaves  coinpressetl,  the  anterior  and  pos- 
terior (listiiii'tly  eurved  ol»Ii([iicIy  outwanl,  liiij^iihili',  ahriiptly 
aeiiiiiiiiale,  tli-eply  umhilate,  serrate  at  the  ajtex  ;  eells  hht»rt, 
minute:  male  llitwers  very  imiiieroiis;  perieha'tiiim  with  l"e\v 
leaves,  the  inner  narrow  and  slu-athin'^:  ealy,»lra  lari^M-:  ea|isiile 
small,  ferrnuinous ;  lid  orange,  eonieal-aciite  or  short-l)eake<l ; 
teeth  linear-Ianci'olate,  elosely  artiiMilate  ;  set;ments  rudimentary. 
—  JJryol.  Eur.  t.  441.  ^''. jtc/mata,  var.  tr/nniy  Muell.  Syn. 
ii.  fiO. 

Il.vn.  Whiio  Mountains,  Erroll  D.iJn,  hi  Crawford  Xotch  (James),  fer- 
tile; on  trees,  X»;\v  M(!xico  {FeniUcr),  sterile. 

0.  N.  Douglasii,  Hook.  Diceeious:  loosi-ly  respitose;  sec- 
ondary stems  10  to  -l>  e.ni.  lonij,  yellowish  <;reen,  eompri-ssed, 
pinnately  divided;  hranehes  lonu',  simjile,  tlexuoiis,  attenuate  at 
the  apex:  stem-leaves  elose,  ohloiiLC  or  laneeolate-aeuminate, 
sharply  dentate,  sj>inidose  or  serrulate  at  the  ;ipex,  denticulate 
at  base,  entire  in  the  middle;  costa  ol».s(»lete  or  none;  iterielue- 
tial  leaves  ovate-laneeolate,  aeute,  (lentienlate  at  the  .'ipex,  the 
inner  sheathini^:  eajtsule  lialf-exserted,  narrowly  ovate;  teeth 
yellow,  flensely  artieulate;  se<;ments  as  lontj  and  similar,  split 
open  between  the  articulati<*ns. —  Hot.  ]\Iise.  i.  l:il,  t.  85; 
SuUiv.  &  Lesq.  IMusc.  Bor.-Am.  Exsiee.  ed.  2,  n.  ;{1)4. 

IIai'..  Xorthwostern  coast  (Menzivs,  I)uu(jlas,  Hcouler}]  sliaded  rocks, 
CaUfoniia  ( liolmvler). 

7.  N.  COmplanata,  Ilueben.  Dirtjcious:  soft,  jnile  ixrecn ; 
secondary  steins  slender,  curvini;  down  or  j)endent,  divided  into 
short  branehlets  narrowed  to  the  aj)ex  or  ilaufellate  from  the 
apex  and  from  the  sides:  leaves  compressed,  plane,  smooth, 
obloni;-lin!j;ulato,  abrup'ly  a])ieulate,  subserrulate  at  the  .apex  ; 
upper  areolation  rhomboidal,  the  l)asilar  linear;  perieha;tiuni 
subsessile,  lor.u'-sheathint' ;  vaujinule  hairv:  calvptra  naked  or 
with  a  few  hairs:  ca]>snle  oval,  on  a  slemh-r  jiedicel  3  or  4 
times  as  longj  as  the  periehjetium  ;  lid  narrowly  obli^pie,  rostrate; 
teeth  lonij,  narrow ;  seijments  filiform  from  an  enlari^ed  b.ase, 
half  as  lonir  as  the  teeth.  —  Muse.  Germ.  570;  Hryol.  Eur.  t. 
444.  Ifi/pniim  complanatumy  Linn.  Spec.  PI.  1123.  Leskea 
comjylanata^  Iledw.  Spec.  Muse.  231. 

II An.  On  rocks;  New  Brunswick,  New  England,  Alleghany  Moun- 
tains iu  Pennsylvania,  etc. 


•f 


i-' 


i 


i  ^ 


[ 


■i 

1 

.■■i 

s 

7- 


•f- 


281 


r>nYACE.K. 


I  yerkna. 


^.  N.  pumila,  llflw.  ha'ciim-^:  lnrts  soft,  (l.uk  Lrrt'cii ; 
8i'c«»iii|:ii'y  hU'iiis  |»iiiii:it(Iy  r;iiiiu!»»st' ;  l»raiiclM's  slioil  or  lnn-^. 
fl.'iirillatc  :  li'avcs  ovatc-oldoiij^,  al)ni|>tly  aciiminati'  nr  a|ii<iilai(', 
uiidiilatc-sfrnilatc'  at  llif  a|»c\',  iiifU'Xt'(l  on  one  s'ulc  at  l»a.si', 
I'cVDliitc  oil  the  (itlic-r;  arculation  miiiiitc;  itiiicr  iicriclui'tial 
leaves  IoJi<r-sli('atliiii;jj :  calyptra  (li'sccinliiiijj  to  ln'Iow  tlii'  oiilicc 
of  tlic  narrowly  ovali'  capsulr:  iicilicfl  longer  than  the  I'cri- 
ciia'tiiiiM  ;  ojM'rciilimi  conical,  oIili(jucIy  slittrt-lMakcil  ;  tcitli 
rnicar-laiiccojatc,  <lciis('Iy  articulate;  sci;?nciits  al»ni|.tiy  nar- 
i'o\vc<l,  lilit'orni  tVoni  a  Wroail  caiinatc  plicate  hase,  .slioiter  than 
tlic  tci'lli.  — Afnsc.  Kron.l.  iii.  !!>,  t.  :!(»;  liryol.  Kuf.  t,  44'J. 

Ham.  Truiik><  of  tn'c-*.  ('iTtliinl  to  Xoilli  Aiiu'iica  l)y  IJnich  & 
Si'liliiniir.  as  cdlli'dtvl  by  DrniiiiiKiiul.  W'c  h;ivi;  sct'ii  no  Auiori<Min  speci- 
mens. 

♦  *  <>   Speriax  fxHovii  J'nnn  Merllo  pltdifs  oiih/. 

!'.  N.  (Pilotrichum?)  Floridana,  Anst.    riimary  stent 

eree|»ln;r,  with  .small  ovate-lanceolate  acuminate  ecostate  llat- 
l)ortlere»l  leaves;  secomlai'y  stems  somewhat  compfessed,  erect 
or  |ieinl('nt,  strict  or  curved,  simjtle  or  P]»arin<4ly  liranchiiiii; 
aliove,  obtuse :  lea  "s  erect,  ojx'n,  iml>ric:ite,  narrowly  oldonu;- 
lanceolato,  deejdy  c.inaliciil.'ite  or  cymMfoi'm,  Lrradinilly  acute, 
])Iicate-striatu  above  the  mitldle,  ol»s(»lctely  |ta|iill(tse,  broadly 
revolutc  on  the  borders,  entire  or  obsoletely  serrulate,  oostate 
to  .above  the  middle;  cells  minute,  linear,  fusiform,  the  b.isilar 
broader,  (juadrate,  granulose  at  the  angles.  —  Coult.  JJot.  Gaz. 
iv.  l.VJ. 

IIam,     On  trees,  Culoosa,  Florid.i  (J.  Dniinrll  Smitli,  Aitsfhi). 

l<».  N.   (Orthostichella)   LudoviciaB,   iAIuell.     Plants 

slejider,  sp.arinoly  jiinn.'itely  divi<led  into  short  bumclies  in  tlie 
middle,  simple  and  turgid  at  the  ape.v :  stem-leaves  erect,  oj)en, 
rounded  at  base,  linear-cymbiform,  loniij-aouminat'.',  sli<'htlv  den- 
ticulate  at  the  apex;  alar  cells  minute,  fawii-c(»lor ;  borders 
erect;  costa  very  thin,  pcrcurrent.  —  Kegensb.  Flora  (1875), 
Iviii.  92. 

IlAB.  Decayed  trunks;  Louisiana,  near  Baton  Rouge  {Dr.  Joor,  1874), 
sterile. 

11.  N.  cymbifolia,  INruell.,  1.  c.  Growth  and  aspect  of  the 
preceding:  leaves  closely  imbricate,  sjnrally  five-ranked,  oblong- 
lanceolate,  concave-cymbiform,  gradually  acuminate,  i)lane  at 


llomaUd.] 


nUYACK.S. 


•2S5 


thr  npi'v  ;  cells  (»f  llic  upjicr  :in'<»l;itl.»n  minute,  rmciir-oMoTii^ 
or  v<iiniciil:ir,  tlms"  of  the  l»;is;il  :inL;lf.s  (jiiuiliate,  Dpiniue  ;  iMista 
vaiii>liiii'4  Ik'm»\v  the  apex  ;  periehietial  h-aves  iiiiifh  smaller, 
lanceolate,  narrowly  lon'_r-aciiniinate,  not  cosiate:  llowers  (li(i»- 
cioii^ ;  llie  t'eniali'  only  are  known. —  /'ilofrii/inni  ri/mfiifo/iinnj 
.••iilliv.  .Mttsse.sol"  I'.  States,  S|,  an<l  Ic-on.  .Muse,  I'Ji',  f.  7<'>,  15. 

II  All.     Oil  trt't'.s,  in  )i  liinimioi'k,  K.  I'UtrUhi  (ISinnrj/,  l.s-l»;|;  KnU'i[)ri.ic, 
Flurulu  (.7.  Itniiiull  Siiiilli,  Aiiatiit). 


H 


lOS.  HOMALIA,  llri.I.  (IM.  r..) 
I'lants  re|i«ateilly  di.stichous,  stojonit'ei-oiis.  Leaves  iinhri- 
ciite,  fli\('ruiiii;  i.'iter.'illy,  Hatteiieti,  cnltriforni,  smooth,  j^los.sy, 
minutely  arcolatt-;  the  u]i)'er  rliomlioidal,  the  lower  oIi|on«^. 
Iiexauonal.  l-'lftwers  mond'cions.  C';ily|>tr;v  cui'iiiiate,  nake<I. 
('a|isule  lonur-jx'tlicelhite,  erect  or  cernnons.  <  >pen'nhnn  ol)- 
lii|U(Iy  I'osti'ate  from  a  hiirhly  coi  \c\  hase.  Peristome  (hmhle; 
teeth  lonus  <K'nsely  articuhite,  continent  at  hase,  yellowish; 
hasilar  memhrane  broad;  segments  narrow,  siihlimai-,  as  lon^f 
as  the  teeth,  carln.ate  and  |»erforati'(l  alon;^  thi;  keel;  cilia  nono 
or  solitary  an*!  very  .short.  Annnhis  distinct. — Onni/itt,  iJrncli 
&  Scliimjt. 

1.  H.  trichomanoides,  nrndi  tt  Schimi».  Loosely  tiil'te.l, 
pale  ureeii  ;  stems  slen«U'r,  intei-niptedly  foliate  hy  the  nunier- 
ous  innovations:  leaves  vertically  tl.attened  or  curved  down- 
ward, oltloiiLj,  cultriform,  suhf.dc.ate,  ohtusely  aj'iciil.ite,  minutely 
scrrul;ite  on  the  borders;  costa  slender,  v.uiishim;  ;ibo\e  the 
middle:  cajtsule  erect  or  slightly  curved,  |),iii' br<.\vn.  —  Uryol. 
Vaw.  t.  41<').  J/i/pninii  ti'!fli<))iniiii>i<fr.<,  Schrelt.  Spicil.  I-'l.  Lips. 
■"'.     Lt'.-<nX'/  (rir/ioinrni(>iJ) .•i,  WvAw.  S|iec.  ."Muse.  ii:Ji. 

IIai!.     On  idcks  near  I,al<'^  Sup.'rinr  {  hriniiuioml). 

-.  H.  Obtusata,  ^litt.  DilTerin^-  fi-om  the  last  in  tlie  leaves 
more  oliovale  an<l  more  I'omidt'd  at  tlie  .apex,  the  <'osta  soine- 
linies  imperceptible,  and  the  cells  in  the  anex  shorter.  —  J 


oiwn. 


I.inii.  Soc.  viii.  3S.     2\'eckei'a  olUnsaUi,  ^littvn,  1.  c.  iii.,  Suppl. 


1 1 


Hau.     Mitton  rffors  to  this  ThilxMl.iu  spooios  .1  faw  imporfoot  ppooi- 
incn^  fdiuid  in  r.ritisli  rolumhi.i  by  I/;;i]l. 

■!•  H.   Jame?ii,   Sdiimp.      ]Much    like    //.   tr>r/io))ift»ou/*:<iy 

differing  in  its  sm;iller  size,  the  leaves  longer,  more  s  did,  .'ub- 


t 


-f 


I>  v 


m^: 


m: 


.11  'iji, 


286 


BRYACE^. 


[Ilomalia. 


falcate-lingulate  and  striolate  lengthwise  when  dry,  and  the  Leak 
of  the  operouhim  and  the  peristome  shorter.  —  Syn.  473. 

IIaij.  Catskill  and  White  Mountains,  on  overhanging  rocks  (James); 
Pennsyl van ia  ( lia it ) . 

4.  H.  gracilis,  James.  Plants  soft,  slender,  much  divided, 
divaricate ;  branches  gradually  filiform  and  flagelliform,  flexuous : 
lower  leaves  loosely  imbricaie,  slightly  oblique,  open,  lingulate, 
oblong,  obtuse  and  obtusely  apiculate,  those  of  the  upper 
branches  more  distant,  erect,  all  with  double  basilar  costa  or 
none,  and  entire ;  perigonial  leaves  few,  ovate-acuminate,  slightly 
/  margined  by  a  row  of  longer  cells :  antheridia  few  (2  to  4),  spar- 

ingly paraphysate  :  female  flowers  and  fruit  unknown. —  Kep. 
Keg.  New  York  Univer.  (18G9),  xxii.  57 ;  Sulliv.  Icon.  Muse. 
Suppl.  8'2,  t.  25. 

IlATi.  On  rocks,  Sand  Lake,  NeT"  York  (V.  Cohin);  Adirondack 
Mountains  (C.  //.  Peck);  Catskill  Mountains  (James)',  New  Jersey 
(Auslin),  with  male  plants. 

107.  METEORIUM,  Brid. 

Plants  long,  pendent  from  the  branches  of  trees ;  stems  foliate 

from  the  base,  distantly  i)innate ;  branches  filiform,  attenuated. 

Leaves  imbricate-cordate,  clasping ;  cells  of  the  areolation  long, 

narrow,  linear,  at  the  base  oval-quadrate  and  inflated.     C:ij)sule 

generally  short-pedicelled.     Peristome  as  in  Ilomalia. 

1.  M.  pendulum,  Sulliv.  Plants  yellowish  green  ;  branches 
long  and  very  slender,  flexuous :  leaves  open-erect,  those  at  the 
base  of  the  branches  larger  and  flattened,  linear-lanceolate,  grad- 
ually narrowed  to  a  long  filiform  point,  opaque,  papillose  on  the 
back,  serrulate  on  the  slightly  recurved  margin,  costate  to  the 
middle ;  alar  cells  larger,  angular-ovate,  the  upper  linear-fusiform ; 
pericho'tial  leaves  small,  scarcely  covering  the  hairy  vnginule, 
loosely  arcolate :  flowers  diojcious  (?),  the  male  unknown :  ca- 
/.  lyptra  long-conical :  cai)sule  small,  oval,  on  a  pedicel  double  its 

length ;  lid  conical,  obliquely  short-beaked ;  peristome  double ; 
teeth  lanceolate,  distantly  articulate,  more  or  less  perforated  and 
si)lit  along  the  dividing  line;  segments  from  a  broad  basilar 
membrane,  slightly  shorter  than  the  teeth,  linear-lanceolate, 
carinate ;  cilia  none.  —  Mosses  of  U.  States,  81,  and  Icon.  Muse. 
117,  t.  73. 
IlAu.    On  trees  and  hushes.  Western  Louisiana  ( Teinturicr,  Hiddell). 


Leucodon.] 


BIIYACE^. 


287 


2.  M.  nigrescens,  Mitt.  Branches  creeping;  branclilets 
long,  flt'xiious,  itinnatt'ly  branching:  k'avcs  oifcn-spreading, 
unduhitc  lengthwise,  cordate  at  base,  lanceohite,  narrowly  acu- 
minate, eostate  to  above  the  middle;  borders  flat,  more  or  less 
undulate,  minutely  crenulate ;  perieluetial  leaves  similar,  thin- 
ner: calyptra  sj)lit  on  one  side,  covered  with  a  few  hairs:  caj)- 
sule  short-pedicellate,  broadly  oval,  exserted  above  the  hairs  of 
the  vaginule:  operculum  subulate. — Journ.  Linn.  Soc.  xii.  441. 
JL/pmmi  tiigrescois^  Swartz,  Prodr.  141.  Xeckeva  fiif/rcscens, 
Schwaegr.  Supi)l.  iii.,  t.  244.     l^'ac/it/puSy  Mitt.  1.  c.  viii.  4"). 

IIah.  Florida  ((rurher,  J.  Donncll  Smith,  Anatin,  linssrll);  Lake 
IIuioii,  in  fruit  (Tndtl);  Canada  West  (Emprij).  The  distribution  of  this 
tropical  species  so  far  nortli  as  Canada  is  reniarlsable. 


>^ 


TiiiRE  XVIII.    LEUCODONTE.'E. 

Primary  stems  creeping,  the  secondary  erect  or  pendent, 
8imi)le  or  branching,  irregularly  or  subpinnately  ramulose. 
Leaves  close,  open  or  secund,  ovat'^,  obovate  or  oblong-lanceo- 
late, subscarious,  solid,  generally  plicate  lengthwise,  glossy ; 
costa  simide  or  double,  rarely  none ;  upper  areolation  rhom- 
boidal  or  linear,  the  lower  in  rows,  vermicular-linear,  puncti- 
forra  at  the  basilar  angles.  Flowers  dicecious;  ])erieli;etiuni 
long,  sheathing.  Calyptra  large,  dimidiate,  cucullate,  its  base 
sometimes  confluent  under  the  capsule.  Capsule  more  or  less 
long-pedicellate,  erect  or  obli(pie  by  the  curve  of  the  ])e(licel, 
symmetrical.     Peristome  simple  or  double,  more  or  less  perfect. 

108.  LEUCODON,  Schwaegr.  (PI.  4.) 
Secondary  stems  erect  or  arcuate,  simple,  generally  stolon- 
iferous,  densely  foliate.  Leaves  docurr.Mit,  ecostnte,  sulcate 
lengthwise ;  cells  of  the  areolation  narrowly  linear-vermicidar, 
the  middle  and  basilar  punctiform.  Calyptra  solid,  cucullate, 
often  attached  below  the  capsule  by  the  connate  base.  Capsule 
coriaceous,  oval-oblong,  microstome,  exserted  or  emcrsed  on  a 
short  straight  pedicel.  Operculum  conical  or  obliquely  short- 
rostrate.  Peristome  simple;  teeth  thin,  distantly  articulate, 
2-ii-cIeft  at  the  apex,  papillose,  whitish. 


::i 


.» 


ft 

j 

288 


liKYACEiE. 


[Lcucodon. 


riiii 


\m 


rill'!':;; 


ill 


f 


i- 


+ 


1.  L.  sciuroidos,  SdiwiU't^r.  Tufts  ri^Id,  dark  and  olive- 
grc'cn  :  leaves  (k'liSL'Iy  cvowtk'*!,  imbricate  when  dry,  oj^cti  when 
iiioistoMC'd,  ovate  liiiic-oolate,  sharjily  acuminate,  5-j)licate  lenntli- 
wise;  perieliJL'tial  leaves  pale,  not  j)rK'ate  :  ealyptra  yelUnvi.sh 
brown  at  tlie  .ipex  :  capsule  elliptical  or  ovate-oblonij:,  fusc(Mis, 
exst'rted  on  a  tiiick  pedicel,  twisted  to  the  ri;j;lit  when  dry; 
opereulum  conical,  uniform  in  color;  teeth  slender,  whitish, 
distantly  articulate,  entire  or  split  toward  the  l)ase  ;  annulus 
simple,  detached  l)y  fra<;ments,  —  Suppl.  i.  2.  1,  t.  1-5,  fitrs.  a; 
and  //;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  4G(S.  Jlt/pntan  sduroides^  Linn.  Spec. 
1*1.  ll;)ti.     Xevkera  sciurouk's,  Muell.  Svn.  ii.  107. 

U.vn.     On  tree's.  Owou  .Sontid,  Oiitiirio,  Caiuuia  (Mrn.  lioi/). 

-.  L.  jui^iCSUS,  Sulliv.  Secondary  stems  short,  numerous, 
terete  :  li'ivi's  crowded,  densely  imbricate  when  dry,  spreadiji<^ 
hori/,ojit;illy  when  moist,  lanceolate-acuminate  from  an  ovate- 
elliptical  b;ise,  rccui'vi'd  on  the  borders,  slightly  serrulate  at  the 
apex;  iiuier  periclijetial  leaves  exserted,  oblong,  nari'owed  into 
a  {ilii"orm  acumen  reaching  nearly  to  the  base  of  the  capsule, 
convolute  :  calyptra  large,  plicate  at  base,  clnsping  the  top  of 
the  pcilicel :  c.'ipsule  oval,  turgid,  chestnnt-color ;  ojtercuhwn 
conical,  obliquely  short-rostrate;  teeth  of  the  peristome  broad, 
linear,  whitisli,  punctulate,  bifid  at  the  apex;  inner  membrane 
very  thiii,  narrow;  annulus  none.  —  Muse.  Allegh.  n.  s7.  and 
Ic(»n.  Muse.  110,  t.  09.  Pterigytmndnim  jidncex)!)^  Hedw. 
]\Iusc.  Fi-ond.  iv.  51,  t.  20.  2{ecl'era  pseNdcdoj'^ecwa,  Muell. 
1.  c.  1)2. 

TTai'..    On  trfop,  Xorthoastorn  slope  of  Amorica;  vorj'  oomnum. 

3.  L.  brachypus,  Brid.  Differs  from  the  last  in  its  larger 
size,  the  leaves  inclined  to  on(!  side,  ]>licate-striate,  tlie  pericha?- 
tial  loosely  apjiressed,  the  np))er  surpasMn-;  tlio  more  oblong 
c.'ipsule.  —  ])ryol.  Tniv.  ii.  210  ;  Sulliv.  Icon.  Muse.  Ill,  t.  70. 
Keckera  br<tr!n/piis^  iNfuell.  1.  c.  108. 

II.\i5.     Cununon  in  iiioiuitaiuous  districts;  moro  rarely  fruiting. 

109.  PTERIGYNANDRUM,  Hedw. 
Stems  ])rost rate  or  a])]tresscd  ;  branches  and  branchlets  flagel- 
liiorm;  basilar  stolons  numerous,  with  small  leaves.  Leaves 
densely  crowded,  spreading  or  subsecund,  subscarious,  pa])illose 
on  the  back,  obovate  or  spatnlate,  apieidate,  costatc  to  the 
mi(klle ;   areolation   dense,   rhomboidal   above,  rectangular  in 


Pterofjonium.] 


BRYACE.E. 


2^9 


the  middle;  parapliyllia  small,  polymorphous.  Flowers  dla*- 
cious.  Calyptra  cucullate,  large,  covering  the  caj)sule  to  below 
the  middle.  Capsule  erect,  cylindrical-oblong.  Oj)erculuni 
rostrate.  Peristome  small  ;  teeth  short,  linear-lanceolate, 
strongly  and  distantly  articulate ;  segments  very  short,  imj)er- 
fect ;  cilia  none.     Annulus  very  narrow. 

1.  P.  filiforme,  Iledw.  Plants  widely  cespitose,  appressod, 
bright  or  yellowish  green ;  branches  and  brunchlcts  prostrate  all 
in  one  direction,  liliform  and  flagelliform :  leaves  concave, 
appressed  and  imbricate  when  dry,  narrowly  reflexcd  on  the 
borders,  serrate  at  the  aj)ex ;  costa  simj)le,  ascending  to  the 
middle,  or  shorter  and  bipartite ;  cells  of  the  basilar  angles  few, 
not  chlorophyllose ;  pericha3tial  leaves  pale,  thin,  the  inner 
oblong,  short-acuminate,  minutely  serrate  at  the  apex,  costate 
at  base.  —  Muse.  Frond,  iv.  18,  t.  7  ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  400  ;  Sulliv. 
Mosses  of  U.  States,  105.  N'eckera  Jilijot'mis,  Muell.  Syn. 
ii.  89. 

Var.  cristatum.  Leaves  cristate-serrate  at  the  apex ;  costa 
stronger,  ascending  liigher.  —  Zieptohytnenium  cristatum^ 
Hampe,  Linna>a,  xxx.  459. 

Var.  minus.  Leaves  obscurely  papillose,  scarcely  dentate 
at  the  apex  ;  costa  short,  basilar,  scarcely  tlistinct ;  segments  as 
long  as  the  teeth. 

Hab.  Roots  of  trees  or  shadetl  rocks;  Xort^'em  States  and  Canada; 
var.  cristatum  in  California  (liolaiider  Bauer) ;  the  last  in  the  Adirondack 
Mountains,  on  rocks  (Lesquereiix). 

The  description  refers  to  tlie  very  common  European  form,  which  is, 
however,  rare  in  America,  but  is  replaced  by  a  number  of  varieties  not 
distinct  enough  to  ?".uthorize  specific  separation. 

110.  PTEROGONIUM,  Swartz.  (PI.  G.) 
Primary  stems  very  slender,  with  few  distant  pale  leaves,  the 
secondary  robust,  in  dense  wide  divisions;  branches  and  branch- 
lets  curved  to  one  side.  Leaves  crowded,  spreading  when 
moist,  imbricate  when  dry,  broadly  ovato  or  obovate-acuminate, 
serrulate,  scarious,  glossy;  costa  flat,  bipartite,  vanishing  below 
the  middle  ;  cells  of  nearly  the  whole  base  obliquely  oval,  those 
of  the  middle  and  top  linear-fusiform,  all  very  small  and 
smooth.     Flowers  diojcious.     Calyptra  cucullate,  with  a  few 


w 


m 


I  ."I 


290 


BliYACE.^:. 


[Ptero'jonium. 


hairs.     Capsule  regular  or  sliglitly  curved.     Peristome  double ; 
teeth  long,  densely  articulate  ;  segments  scarcely  half  as  long. 

1.  P.  gracile,  Swartz.  Tufts  loose,  yellowish  green ;  sec- 
ondary stems  simj>lc  at  base  :  cafisule  cylindrical-i^blong,  chest- 
nut-color, with  a  narrow  orifice;  peristome  pale,  frngile; 
segments  short,  narrowly  linear;  annulus  compound.  —  Muse. 
Suec.  20;  IJryol.  Eur.  t.  4G7;  SuHiv.  &  Lesq.  JMusc.  Bor.  Aincr. 
ed.  2,  n.  349.  Jl>/pnum  f/racile,  lAun.  Mant.  ii.  310.  Pterifji/- 
nandnan  f/racile,  Iledw.  Muse.  Frond,  iv.  IG,  t.  6.  H'eckera 
gracilis^  Muell.  Syn.  ii.  97. 

Var.  duplicato-serratum,  Lesq.  Plants  more  slender, 
filiforiri:  leaves  duplicate-serrate.  —  Mem.  Calif.  Acad.  i.  30. 
Jjeptolnjmenium  diipUcato-serratum,  iramj)e,,  Linna}a,  xxx.  4150. 

II.\n.  On  rocks,  California  (/io/antier,  Ziawcr,  Wutson)\  common  and 
vari:ii»l(^. 

From  tlio  numerous  specimens  examined  it  is  evident  that  tlie  moss  de- 
scribed by  Ilanipe  represents  a  mere  variety.  Tlie  California  specimens, 
tliou;j;li  identical  in  their  essential  characters  with  the  European  form. 
dilYer  sometimes  in  the  more  maiked  denticulations  of  the  leaves,  and  in 
the  annulus,  which  appears  a  little  longer  and  is  sometimes  composed  of 
three  cells  instead  of  two.  Tiiese  unimportant  differences  are  merely  cas- 
ual, and  not  observable  upon  all  the  specimens. 

2.  P.  brachypterum,  Mitten.  Monoecious:  ste?ns  pro- 
cumbent, irregularly  pinnately  divided  into  short  brunches: 
leaves  closely  imbricated,  broadly  deltoid-ovate,  narrowly  acu- 
minate, concave;  borders  flat  in  the  lower  part,  minutely 
serrulate  above;  costa  vanishing  above  the  middle;  cells  of  the 
basal  angles  small,  round,  the  others  oval,  longer  at  the  npex, 
all  distinctly  papillose ;  perichastial  leaves  erect,  ovate-acimiinate, 
very  entire,  nerved  to  above  the  middle:  capsule  cylindricnl- 
oval,  erect,  equal ;  pedicel  long,  thickish,  yellow ;  operculum 
short-conical ;  teeth  short,  yellow,  attached  under  the  orifice, 
connate  at  base ;  cilia  none  :  male  flowers  geramiforra,  large.  — 
Joinm.  Linn.  Soc.  viii.  37. 

Had.     British  America  (Drummond). 

The  author  remarks  that  this  plant  closely  corresponds  in  structure  and 
appearance  to  the  Abyssinian  P.  abbreviatum,  Schimp.,  and  is  quite  dis- 
tinct from  any  other  American  moss. 

in.  ANTITRIOHIA,  Brid.    (PL  4.) 
Secondary  stems  of  various  lengths,  sometimes  very  long, 
procumbent  or  pendent,  8imj)le  or  much  divided,  more  or  less 


Antitrichia.] 


BRYACEJi:. 


291 


]>i'  Uc'ly  rnmulose,  rarely  flagelliform.  Inflorescence  and  arco- 
lation  as  in  the  j)recc(ling  genus.  Calyptra  shorter  than  the 
capsule,  smooth.  Peristome  double.  Teeth  narrowly  lanceo- 
late-subulate, thin,  pale,  smooth  on  both  sides;  segments  a  little 
shorter,  narrow,  subulate,  obscurely  carinate,  fugacious ;  basilar 
membrane  none. 

1.  A.  CUrtipendula,  I»rid.  Leaves  densely  crowded,  open 
and  8ub.secund,  decurrent  at  base,  ])licate  in  the  lower  part, 
broadly  ovate-lar.ceolate,  acuminate,  denticulate  at  the  apex,  re- 
Hexed  on  the  borders;  costa  ilat,  thin,  sometimes  eidarged  and 
divided  at  base,  vanishing  below  the  apex:  cells  of  the  areola- 
tion  verv  small,  fusifmin  in  the  n)iddle,  transversely  oval  toward 
the  base  from  near  the  costa  to  the  borders ;  pericha.'tium  long, 
])olyp1iyllous,  sheathing,  the  inner  leaves  long,  abruptly  nar- 
rowed into  a  long  acui.icn,  ecostate  :  cajjside  oval,  on  a  curved 
or  flexuous  pedicel  slightly  longer  than  the  pericluetium  ;  oper- 
culum conical,  short-rostrate;  annulus  simple,  very  narrow. — 
jNIusc.  Recent.  Suppl.  iv.  18(5 ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  409.  IL/pnurn 
cnrtipendnhim,  Linn.  Spec.  PI.  11*28.  Keckera  curtlpendula^ 
jVIuell.  Syn.  ii.  116. 

Var.  gigantea,  Sulliv.  &,  Lescp  Plants  stronger :  leaves 
not  plicate,  broadly  reflexed  on  the  borders  ;  cells  shorter,  more 
obtuse  ;  costa  broader,  more  divided  :  cni»sule  ovate-cylindri(!al, 
on  a  thiek  erect  pedicel.  —  Muse.  Bor.-Am.  Exsicc.  (ed.  2), 
n.  856. 

II vn.  Summit  of  Black  Mountains,  North  Carolina  (Lc!iqucreitx)\ 
Lake  Superior  [Agansiz)',  Oregon  and  Vanoouver  Island  (Ptrl-ovin'i, 
]VooiJ)\  the  variety  in  the  woods,  in  mountain  districts  of  California 
(Bolander). 

2.  A.  Californica,  Sulliv.  Differs  from  the  last  in  the 
short  julaceous  branches,  the  leaves  ap])ressed  when  dry,  short- 
acuminate,  scarcely  denticulate  toward  the  apex,  cells  oval,  cap- 
sule cylindrical,  twice  as  long,  reddish,  on  a  straight  pedicel, 
teeth  longer  and  punctulate,  cilia  short,  not  half  so  long  as  the 
teeth,  and  the  spores  half  as  large.  —  Lesq.  Trans.  Amer.  Phil. 
Soc.  xiii.  11;  Sidliv.  &  Lesq.  1,  c.  n.  .357;  Sulliv^  Icon.  Muse. 
Suppl.  79,  t.  59.  A.  citrtipendicla,  Sulliv.  Pacif.  li.  Kep. 
iv.  189. 

IlAB.  On  trees  in  woods,  California  {Bolandcr,  Watson);  Spokan 
Falls  ( Watson). 


i- 


292 


liliYACEiE. 


[Uuokcria. 


Tribe  XIX.    IIOOKERIE^. 

Plants  small,  soft,  sparingly  and  irregularly  branching. 
Leaves  either  narrow  and  spreading  or  broader,  ovate,  nearly 
round,  or  Ungulate,  flat,  loosely  imbricate ;  areolation  large ; 
pericha?tium  of  few  leaves,  on  a  short  rooting  periclia;tiul 
branch.  Calyptra  conical  or  mitrate,  nearly  entire  at  base  or 
ciliate,  smooth  or  papillose  or  j)ilose.  Capsule  sub-erect  or  cer- 
nuous  or  horizontal,  on  a  long  papillose  rarely  scabrous  pedicel. 
Peristome  double,  large,  regular;  teeth  lanceolate,  subulate, 
densely  articulate  ;  segments  carinate. 

112.  HOOKERIA,  Tayl. 
Leaves  ovate  or  Ungulate,  abruptly  or  gradually  acuminate, 
rarely  round  or  truncate,  bicostate,  generally  margined  and  ser- 
rate, opaque.  Flowers  monoicious.  Calyptra  narrowed  at 
base,  scarcely  reaching  lower  than  the  operculum.  Teeth  of 
the  peristome  linear-lanceolatg,  subulate,  purplish ;  segments 
entire,  orange-color.     Annulus  simi)le,  narrow. 

1.  H.  varians,  Sulliv.  Polygamous  :  plants  densely  cesj  *- 
tose,  yellowish ;  stems  and  branches  flattened :  leaves  ovate, 
acuminate  and  lanceolate,  soft,  hyaline,  with  a  large  round  or 
oblong  areolation,  margined  by  a  single  row  of  elongated  cells, 
scarcely  serrulate,  bicostate  to  the  middle :  calyptra  glabrous  : 
caj)sule  oblong,  horizontal ;  lid  conical,  subulate ;  peristome 
normal.  —  Proc.  Amer.  Acad.  v.  285. 

Hab.     Enterprise,  Florida  (J.  Donnell  Smith,  C.  II.  Fitzgerald). 

2.  H.  cruceana,  Duby.  Plants  very  small,  yellowish 
green,  irregularly  divided  ;  branches  slender,  short,  complanate, 
rounded  at  the  apex  :  stem-leaves  loose,  secuud,  crispate  when 
dry,  erect-open  when  moist,  broadly  ovate  or  Ungulate,  often 
reflexed  at  the  mucronate  apex,  concave,  papillose  ;  upper  areo- 
lat.'on  with  serrate  papilla),  the  upper  cells  irregularly  globose- 
angular,  the  lower  larger  and  longer;  costa  double,  enlarged 
and  diverging  at  base,  converging  nearly  to  the  apex  of  the 
leaves ;  perichtetial  leaves  smaller,  similar :  calyptra  glabrous, 
conical,  at  first  covering  the  whole  capsule,  later  covering  it  to 
the  middle,  fimbriate,  caducous :  capsule  first  erect,  then  hori- 


rtcri/i/oi>htjUum.] 


BRYACE/E. 


293 


zoutiil,  brown,  very  small,  oblong  or  ovatc-oylindrlcal,  r.liort- 
nc'cki'd  ;  opcrcuhini  half  as  long  as  the  caiisuU' ;  teoth  int'urvcc, 
broad,  lamellate',  cristate  on  the  borders,  dark  i»uri)le  ;  si'giuents 
longer,  narrow,  plane,  siibhyaline. — Crypt.  Kxot.  in  Cienev. 
Soc.  riiys.  Mem.  xix.  HOl*,  t.  4,  f.  'J;  Mitten,  Joiirn.  J^inn.  8oc. 

xii.  340.' 
IlAii.     Floriila  (.I'(.s//(),  J.  Donndl  Smith,  Fitzgerald);  sterile. 

3.  H.  CO  Sullivantii,  Muell.  ^Is.      Stems  short,  prostrate, 
Pliarin'dv  branched:  leaves  ovate-oblung,  acnte,  hvaline,  entire, 
sot't,  yellowish,  of  the  same  consistence,  color  and  si/e  as  those      V- 
o(  Ptevii/o}>li>/U>mi  luceiis :    frnits  and  Howers  nnknown.  —  ll. 
acutifulia,  Sulliv.  Mosses  of  U.  States,  ()0. 

II.vu.  Colli  uiouiitain  springs;  Middle  Ohio  and  Alleghany  Mountains 
(Sullicunt);  North  Carolina  {L(s(/HereHx)\  deep  canons,  California  (Zfo- 
landvr);  very  rare  and  found  only  sterile. 

The  [losition  of  tli  s  species  is  still  uncertain. 

IIooKKKiA  ANHMAi-A,  Muell.  ( /i7/rtcoy>A(7«;/i,  Schwaegr. ;  Ptcryjoidtyl- 
litni,  Mitt. ),  a  spccii's  with  erect  tonientose  stems  and  sparse  leaves,  broadly 
obtuse  from  a  shortly  spatulate  base,  oblique,  unecjual,  coarsely  and  dis- 
tantly serrate,  the  cells  thick,  laige,  round-hoxagonal,  obtuse  near  tho 
border,  and  separated  by  intercellular  ducts,  is,  according  to  Mitten  (.Journ. 
Linn.  Soc.  xii.  ;3".>T),  a  Fuegian  species,  though  stated  by  Schwaegrichen, 
probably  through  mistake,  to  have  been  collected  originally  in  Xorthwest- 
eru  America  by  Menzies. 

113.  PTERYGOPHYLLUM,  Brid.  (PI.  5,  as  irookena.) 
Plants  pale  green,  glossy,  jdano-foliate;  branches  few,  rooting 
at  base  like  the  primary  stems  and  similar  to  them.  Leaves 
large,  densely  and  obliquely  imbricate,  smooth,  chlorophyllose, 
broadly  ovate,  obtuse  or  acuminate,  ecostate,  entire ;  cells  of 
the  areolation  large,  round  in  the  upper  part,  hexagonal  at  base. 
Flowers  mona?eious ;  perich;etium  small,  on  a  short  thick  root- 
ing pcriehiEtial  branchlet,  serving  as  vaginiile ;  jiericha-tial 
leaves  few,  lanceolate,  thin.  Calyptra  mitrate.  Peristome  that 
of  Ilookeria. 

1.  P.    lucens,    Brid.     Lower  leaves    rounded,   the    uj)per 
larger,  broadly  ovate-oblong,  flat  and  obtuse:    capsule  small, 
oval,  chestnut-color,  turning  to  black  ;  pedicel  long,  thick,  red- 
dish ;  lid  long-beaked  from  a  conical  base ;   segments  slightly       r* 
dehiscent   along    the   keel.  —  Muse.   Recent.    Suppl.   iv.    149 ; 


294 


BKYACE^i:. 


[Fabronia. 


Bryol.  Eur.  t.  448.     Ilookeria  lucens,  Smith,  Engl.  Bot.  t.  190'2, 
and  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  ix.  '275. 
II AB.     Decayed  logs  in  dark  shaded  ravines;  Oregon  {E.  Uall). 

TitiBE  XX.    FABUOXIE^E. 

Plants  very  small,  crcejting,  in  glossy  green  or  small  yellowish 
tufts ;  branches  erect.  Leaves  crowled,  Hjjreading,  ovate- 
lanceolate,  dentate  or  ciliate,  rarely  entire,  soft ;  areolation 
loose,  rhoniboidal,  chlorophyllose  ;  costa  short  or  none.  Calyj)- 
tru  cucullate,  dimidiate.  Capsule  ovate,  erect,  synnnetrical,  dis- 
tini'tiy  necked,  short-pedicelled.  Operculum  somewhat  large, 
obtuse  or  rostrate.  Peristome  simple,  of  8  bigeminato  or  of  10 
solid  remotely  articulate  teeth  ;  absent  in  one  species. 

114.  FABRONIA,  Raddi.    (PI.  4.) 
Leaves  very  thin  and  delicate ;  costa  none  or  simple,  obso- 
lete.    Flowers  mona'cious.     Capsule  thin. 

1.  F.  pusilla,  liaddi.  Cespitulose  ;  plants  yellowish  green  : 
leaves  close  and  subsecund,  or  more  distant  and  spreading, 
ovate-lanceolate,  ])rolonged  into  a  long  filiform  acumen,  lacin- 
iate-dentate  on  the  borders  to  below  the  middle,  tiie  lacini:o 
sometimes  long,  with  a  few  teeth  ;  costa  none  or  very  short : 
capsule  subspherical,  miimtc,  truncate  when  empty;  lid  large, 
broadly  convex-conical ;  teeth  16,  approximate  in  pairs,  sojne- 
times  bifid  at  the  apex  or  s|)litting  along  the  dividing  line,  yel- 
low.—  Att.  Accad.  Siena,  ix.  230;  Schwaegr.  Suppl.  i.  2.  337, 
t.  99  ;  Brvol.  Eur.  t.  450. 

Var.  ciliata.  Cilia  of  the  leaves  longer.  —  P.  Schimperiana, 
DeXot.  Briol.  Jtal.  228  ;  Lindb.  Journ.  Linn.  Soc.  xiii.  71. 

IIaii.  Bark  of  trees,  Santa  Fe,  New  Mexico  {Fcn(ller)\  Oakland,  Cali- 
fornia (liolcintlcr). 

2.  F.  gymnostoma,  Sulliv.  &  Lesq.  Much  like  the  pro- 
ceding,  differing  in  its  shorter  ciliate  leaves,  with  a  distinct 
costa  gradually  diminishing  to  near  the  middle,  and  especially 
in  the  absence  of  a  peristome,  the  orifice  of  the  capsule  being 
closed  by  a  horizontal  membrane.  —  Muse.  Bor.-iVmer.  Exsicc. 
n.  254 ;  Sulliv.  Icon.  Muse.  136,  t.  86. 

Hab.    Santa  Fe,  New  Mexico  {Fendler). 


«."■'    'H   »  IL«*  P»l 


Fa6ronia.l 


DUYACE.E. 


295 


3.  F.  OCtoblepharis,  Schwucu:!-.  More  robust,  tli()u;j;l»  virv 
small :  K-Jivcs  t^ri't'ii,  sprt-adiiiLj  in  all  directions  or  2-raiikt'il, 
coarst'lv  doiitatc  on  tlus  honhTS,  costate  to  below  the  middle: 
cajKSulu  oval,  with  a  more  di^tinet  neek  and  a  loiiLrcr  i)odii'i'l ; 
peristome  of  8  ;j;eminate  dark  brown  teeth,  recurved  when  dry, 
bifid  oidy  when  old.  —  Sui»i)l.  i.  'J.  'dli^,  t.  \)\)j  iigs.  «,  />;  Ilryol. 
Eur.  t.  4iJl. 

Hah.     AUk'iis,  Illinois  {E.  Hall). 

4.  F.  Wrightii,  Sidliv.  Plants  very  small,  <lelicate,  loosely 
ccsi)itose,  l)ri<j;hl  i^^reen ;  stems  f'-'i^iie,  slolonit'erous :  leaves 
open,  long-lanceolate,  gi'adually  subulate-acuminate,  concave, 
costate  to  the  middle  ;  borders  serrate  or  subciliate-dentate  ; 
cells  narrow,  fusiform,  the  basilar  and  alar  (piadrate ;  inner 
perichiutial  leaves  oblong,  short-acuminate,  ecostate  :  capsule 
j)yriform,  including  its  neck  ;  teeth  10,  ajtproximate  in  pairs, 
long-deltoid,  orange-colored  ;  oj)erculum  conical,  blunt  at  tho 
.'ij»ex.  —  ^Mosses  of  U.  States,  CI,  and  Icon.  JMusc.  133,  t.  84; 
Sulliv.  &  Lesq.  1.  c,  n.  'ial. 

IIau.     San  Marcos,  Texas  (  ]]yi'jlit). 

DitTors  from  the  last  in  its  conical  (not  niaiiiillato)  operculum,  its 
orani^e-yellow  teeth,  and  tho  less  numerous  quadrate  basal  cells. 

5.  F.  Ravenellii,  Sulliv.  Very  much  like  the  last,  differ- 
ing in  the  nearly  entire  or  obscurely  serrate  leaves,  the  brown 
teeth,  and  the  larger  sj)ores.  —  ^Mosses  of  U.  States,  <>1,  t.  4, 
and  Icon.  Muse.  135,  t.  85  ;  Sulliv.  S:  Les(|.  1.  c.  n.  •i5ii.  jP. 
CaroUniana^  Sulliv.  &  Les(].  1.  c,  n.  253  ;  Sulliv.  Mosses  of  IJ. 
States,  Gl2. 

IIab.    Decayed  loiis;  Santee  Canal,  South  Carolina  (Ihivcnd). 

6.  F.  Donnellii,  Aust.  Leaves  oblong-lanceolate,  some- 
times submarginate,  obscurely  serrate;  costa  obsolete;  meshes 
of  the  areolation  narrow,  the  basilar  larger,  subquadrate,  in- 
flated :  capsule  oval,  slightly  curved  ;  teeth  10,  l.-irge,  incurved 
and  nearly  horizontal  when  dry,  erect  when  moistened,  sub- 
lanceolate,  the  dorsal  articulations  very  prominent.  —  Coult. 
Bot.  Gaz.  ii.  111. 

ITab.    On  the  branches  of  a  Live  Oak,  Florida  (J.  Donndl  Smith). 

Mode  of  growth  and  form  of  capside  much  as  in  Ilypninu  microcm-pum, 
but  smaller  in  all  its  parts,  with  narrower  and  more  narrowly  reticulated 
leaves,  the  inflated  cells  at  the  basal  angles  more  numerous,  peristome 
different,  etc.  Remarkable  for  the  prominent  articulations  of  the  peri- 
stomal teeth.  —  (Austin.)  We  have  seen  no  speoiniMis.  The  description 
agrees  with  the  characters  of  Uuimum  microccuyum,  Muell.,  in  the 


V- 


296 


BIIYACE.E. 


[Anncamptodon. 


UH'^ 


articulate  teeth  of  tlio  perisfomo,  .am!  lU/t  with  Fahronla.  As  tlio  opor- 
culuin  Ih  unlciiowii  tlie  true  pusitiuii  of  lliu  moss  is  uncorUin.  The  peri- 
stome is  thiit  of  Uahrodon. 

115.  ANAOAMPTODON,  Bri.1.  (IM.  4.) 
Plants  soft,  soiiu'what  more  robust  than  in  Fabronia^  wi'loly 
cespitulosc,  dark  j^rocn.  Leaves  ovate-lanceolate,  very  entire, 
j)lano-eoneave,  ehloroi>iiylIose  ;  eosta  slender,  vanishin<^  above 
the  middle  ;  areolation  rhoniboidal-oval.  Flowers  nioiueeioiis  ; 
perieha'tiuni  of  few  leaves,  eoverin<|  the  slij^htly  hairy  vaginule. 
Calyptra  descendini:^  to  below  the  lid,  whitish.  Caj)sule  oval- 
oblont^,  with  a  thiek  neek,  eonstrieted  under  the  orillee  when 
dry,  solid.  Oiierculuni  short-rostrate,  from  a  convex-eonical 
base,  straij^ht  or  oblicpie.  Peristome  double;  outer  teeth  10, 
lanceolate,  close  in  pairs,  distinctly  articulate,  marked  by  a 
straight  dividing  line,  i)ale,  reflexcd  when  dry ;  segments  10, 
filiform,  shorter  than  the  teeth.  Annulus  none.  Spores  small, 
yellowish  green. 

1.  A.  splachnoides,  Brid.  The  only  known  species. — 
Muse.  Jvecent.  Suj>pl.  iv.  130 ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  45:].  Xcckerd 
splac7inoi\k's,  Schwaegr.  Suppl.  i.  "2.  151,  t.  8li.  Campylodoii- 
tium  /ii/pnoides^  Schwaegr.  Suj)pl.  iii.,  t.  '211.  Fahrmda  splach- 
nokles,  JMuell.  Syn.  ii.  88. 

IIau.    Forks  and  hollow  knots  or  decaying  horizontal  surfaces  of  fallen 
trees;  rare. 

116.  HABRODON,  Schimp. 
Plants  small ;  habit  and  mode  of  growth  of  Fuhronin. 
Leaves  squarrose  when  moist,  loosely  incumbent  Avhen  dry, 
ovate-lanceolate,  long-acuminate,  entire ;  perichwtlal  leaves 
open-erect  or  spreading,  the  outer  ovate-lanceolate,  the  inner 
long-lanceolate,  hyaline,  erose-dentate  on  the  borders.  Flowers 
dioecious  ;  vaginule  smooth,  on  a  short  rooting  branchlet.  Caj>- 
sule  oval-oblong,  thin.  Lid  conical,  obtuse.  Peristome  simple, 
attached  far  below  the  orifice  of  the  capsule;  teeth  linear- 
lanceolate,  spreading  from  the  middle  when  moist,  strongly  and 
distantly  articulate.     Annulus  compoimd,  narrow. 


Claamatodon,] 


BliYACE/E. 


201 


1.  H.  Notarisii,  Scliimp.  Tufts  bri^jjlit  ^rvcu ;  sti'ins  creep- 
ing ;  bnnu'lK's  short,  «.'rect-s)trca»lin<^ :  loaves  eenstate;  eells  df 
the  areohition  eUii»tieal,  t'usil'onn  in  the  narrower  part  ami  in 
the  nii(Mle  of  the  h-aves,  (pia<lrate  and  transversely  rectani^ular 
alon«(  and  toward  the;  hordei-s:  capsule  lij^lit  hrowii,  minutely 
suleate,  with  a  small  oritice  and  no  coUum  ;  pedicel  S  to  10 
m.m.  lonij^,  twisted  to  the  left  when  dry.  —  Syn.  ;'>(»."),  and  IJi'yol. 
Eur.  Sup|tl.  J/ahrodo/i,  -,  t.  i.  Pteroijouiuni  pcrjtHHiUuinj 
DeXot.  Claaniatodon  jtcrjnatillus,  Lindb.  Journ.  I^iiin.  Soc. 
xiii.  70. 

Hah.     Trunks  of  trees,  Central  Ohio  (SullicaiU)',  sterile. 


117.  CLASMATODON,  Hook.  &  Wils.  (PI.  5.) 
Plants  minute;  stems  very  slender,  filiform,  creejdng,  intricate 
and  irregularly  branchitig.  Leaves  imbricate,  erect  or  sjtread- 
ing,  concave,  lanceolate-acuminate  from  a  broadly  ovate  base  ; 
borders  entire  or  minutely  serrulate  at  the  ajtex,  recurved  to- 
ward the  l)ase  ;  costa  flat,  vanishing  in  the  inidiUe  ;  areolation 
fusiform,  quadrate  near  the  borders  from  the  middle  to  the 
base;  nericha'tial  leaves  long-lanceolate,  ecostate,  loosi-ly  areo- 
late,  the  inner  half-sheathing.  Flowers  moiid'cious.  Caly|)tra 
dimidiate.  Capsule  very  small,  short-iiedicelled,  obh^ig-oval, 
erect,  thin,  constricted  under  the  orifice  when  dry.  Ojierculum 
conical,  obliquely  long-rostrate.  Peristome  simple,  of  1(5  yel- 
lowish very  irregular  teeth,  distantly  and  obscurely  articulate, 
dentate  or  perforated  at  base,  granulate  and  geniculate.  Annu- 
lus  large,  compound,  of  3  or  4  cells,  persistent,  covering  the 
basilar  membrane,  dark  colored. 

A  single  species  is  known  of  this  gonns.     Lindberg,  however,  refers  to 
it  both  Ilabrodon  ami  Anisodon  of  Schiaipcr. 

1.  0.  parvulus,  SuUiv.  Characters  of  the  genus,  as  above. 
—  Mosses  of  IT.  States,  GO,  and  Icon.  ]\Iusc.  1'2G,  t.  79;  Sulliv. 
&  Lesq.  Muse.  Bor.-Amer.  Exsicc.  n.  240;  Lindb.  Journ.  Linn. 
Soc.  xiii.  70.  Leskca  parmila^  Hampe.  C.  pusillas^  Ilook.  tfc 
Wils.  in  Drumm.  Muse.  Amer.  (Coll.  IL),  n.  80 ;  Wilson, 
Hook.  Journ.  Bot.  (1842)  iv.  421,  t.  25,  A.  Anisodon  acuti- 
rostris,  Schimp.  in  Bryol.  Eur.  Anisodon^  4. 


v- 


298 


UUYACILK. 


[Thdia. 


r 


l.:::>B" 


V- 


Var.  rupestris,  Sulliv.  &  Lcmj.  Moro  (k-iist'Iy  tulUd, 
BtoutiT ;  IjiHuchcH  julait'ouH :  Icavrs  Hhoitcr,  l)n)a(lc'r,  ohtusu : 
caitsiilc  lu'oadrr;  <)i)eiTiiliiiu  .sliorliT. —  .Muse.  Kx.sit'c.  n.  •J40''' 

Ham.  'rniiiUs  and  briiiiclics  of  liccs,  tisprfiully  iilmm  livcrs;  tlio 
vniiiiy  (in  rorlcs  cuvcri'd  by  iiiuinlutioiis,  unit  on  iho  nuulily  busi!  of  tn;c8, 
In  I  111'  .S(Millit;rn  Slules. 

TIk!  vmh'ty  appoiirs  to  rcscniblt!  closijly,  if  Indeed  it  is  not  idontipal 
with,  A)iiHo(i(>u  (iciitirofitri)!  of  Soliiinpor,  of  wliicli  wc  liavo  si;t;n  no 
authuutic  apuoimenii.  —  (SuUicaiil.) 

Tumi.:  XX r.     LKSKKK.i:. 

Primary  stems  crcojiitit? ;  stems  or  |»rimary  branches  di- 
versely branciiinu:,  erect  or  (lecliniiiLC  or  j)rostrate.  Leaves 
equally  si»rea(]iii^  or  seciiiul,  soft,  oj»a(iue,  costate,  with  ])ara- 
phyllia  of  various  forms  often  interjiosed  ;  cells  of  the  areola- 
tion  densely  cldoro))hyllose,  jtapillose,  minute,  hexaij^onal  or 
punetiform  in  the  ui>j)er  part,  looser  and  hexaij^onal-rectan^ular 
below.  Flowers  ui)on  the  primary  or  secondary  stems;  va^in- 
uh'  jicrfect.  Calyptra  eueullate,  naked.  Capsule  symmetrical, 
erect  or  curved,  oljli(pie  or  horizontal.  I'eristome  double;  the 
teeth  linear-lanceolate  or  subulate;  iimer  basilar  membrane 
more  or  less  deeply  cut  into  10  carinate-plicate  segments  shorter 
than  the  teeth,  sometimes  separated  by  rudimentary  or  long 
perfect  cilia.     Spores  minute. 

118.  THELIA,  Sulliv.  (PI.  G.) 
Plants  growing  in  compact  glaucous  or  yellowish  green  mats, 
on  the  base  of  trees,  rarely  on  sandy  ground ;  stems  villous  with 
a  radicular  tomentum,  creeping,  throwing  up  densely  crowded 
short  terete  branches,  with  deeply  concave  closely  imbricated 
deltoid-ovate  slenderly  pointed  leaves,  composed  of  pellucid 
elliptical  and  conspicuously  tmipapillate  cells.  Cajisule  ovate- 
cylindrical,  erect.  Lid  conical,  obliquely  rostellate.  Peristome 
double;  the  outer  of  IG  linear-subulate  white  granulate  dis- 
tantly articulated  teeth,  the  inner  a  carinate  membrane  half  the 
length  of  the  teeth,  without  or  with  rudimentary  segments. 
Flowers  dioicious ;  male  plants  as  yet  unknown. 


ThcUa.] 


BUYACE.E. 


291) 


1.  T.  hirtella,  Sulliv.  stems  closi'ly  crorpinj*,  somo  of 
tht'iii  t'xU'iidiiii^  Ijryoinl  tin'  tufts;  branclirs  I'lrct,  tcn-ti',  t)ljtust!: 
loaves  coiK-avi',  rouml-ovato,  al>iii|itly  and  narrowly  aciiiiiinati', 
sliylitly  (Iccurrt'iit  at  liasc,  very  scahrous  on  tlif  l*ack  with 
Hiniple  iiK'urvetl  papilla';  luddiTs  spiniiiost'-dcntatu  above,  loltate- 
ciliate  towacd  the  ba.se,  all  the  cilia  loiii;,  curvi'd  up,  and  more 
or  less  deiitate;  eosta  slender,  vanishini^  in  the  middle;  peri- 
eha'tial  leaves  numerous,  loosely  iml)rieate,  the  inm-r  objoiii;- 
laneeolate,  narrowly  acuminate,  liml»riate  in  the  upper  |»art  by 
loULf  dentati!  i;ilia:  calyptra  dimidiate:  I'ap.sule  thin;  pedicel 
1  e.ni  loiivr;  teeth  linear,  distantly  but  distinctly  articulate,  the 
inner  basilar  membrani'  truncate,  t)ne  third  the  lenL?lh  of  the 
teeth  :  spores  pale  yellow.  —  Mosses  of  U.  States,  (5(>,  and  Icon. 
Muse.  lliH,  t.  HO;  Sulliv.  &  Les(|.  Muse.  IJor.-Amer.  Kxsice.  n. 
Ii47.  Ptm'i/i//i<UiUnnn  hii'tellnni,  lledw.  Spec.  Muse.  .SD,  t.  17. 
JIi/piiiDn  hirtcllnni,  Muell.  Syn.  ii.  40H. 

Hah.  IJaso  of  tn^es,  Northern  and  Mklillo  States;  not  rare  and  copi- 
ously fruiting. 

-.  T.  asprella,  Sulliv.  Differs  from  the  ])recedin<^  in  its 
glaucous-i^reen  color,  the  leaves  bordered  nearly  all  around  by 
Ioniser  cilia,  the  jtapilhe  upon  the  back  bifurcate,  not  simple  and 
curved,  and  the  teeth  lonj^er,  with  nodose  articulations.  — 
Jlosses  of  the  U.  State.s,  CO,  and  Icon.  Muse.  I'JO,  t.  SI.  Leskca 
asperella,  Sehimp.  in  IJryol.  Eur.  Lesk-at,  li. 

JIau.     Same  «s  the  last,  and  soiiictimes  found  ^rowinj;  with  it. 

3.  T.  robusta,  Dubv.  With  m(»de  of  ijfrowth  and  habit  of 
T.  hirtella  <lifferin<jj  in  the  unilateral  very  crowded  branchlets, 
the  leaves  strongly  bicostate  to  above  the  middle,  rarely  simply 
costate,  the  cells  of  the  areolation  elliptical  in  the  middle  of  the 
leaves,  quadrate  on  the  borders,  the  lower  lonujer,  and  all  with 
globose  i)apilhe,  and  in  the  segments  of  the  inner  ])eristonni 
granulate  and  obtu.se.  —  Uegensb.  Flor.i,  Iviii.  '284  (1875). 

Hah.     Florida  (Chapman,  in  Herb.  Delessort). 

4.  T.  LesCUrii,  Sulliv.  Chxsely  resembling  7\  asprella, 
distinguished  by  its  glaucous-green  or  whitish  color,  the  stems 
subfasciculate  and  more  loosely  divided  in  longer  branches,  the 
leaves  with  a  shorter  acumen,  not  ciliate-fimbriate  on  the  borders, 
the  })aj)ilho  of  the  back  cut  star-like  into  three  or  four  lobes,  the 
capside  longer  and  narrower,  on  a  longer  pedicel,  thc^  teeth 
shorter  and  with  less  distinctly  nodose  articulations,  and  the 


7^ 


•y- 


m't 


Fife   * 


+ 


4- 


-^ 


300 


BIIYACE.E. 


[Myurella. 


inner  membrane  longer  and  more  or  less  distinctly  divided  into 
short  segments.  —  Mosses  of  U.  States,  GO,  and  Icon.  Muse.  loO, 
t.  82  ;  Ji'lliv.  &  Les(i.  Muf:c.  Bor.-Amer.  Exsicc.  249. 
Had.     On  dry  saiuly  ground,  riuely  on  trees;  Soulhern  States. 

119.  MYURELLA,  Brueh  &  Schimp.  (PI.  5.) 
Small  fin'>  niosses,  witii  ftems  irregularly  divided  into  erect 
julaceous  branches,  soft  when  danij),  very  brittle  when  dry. 
Leaves  closely  imbricate,  glaucous-green,  round-ovate,  obtuse 
or  aj)iculate,  very  concave,  minutely  serrulate,  more  or  less 
distinctly  pajwllate  on  the  back;  costa  double,  very  short; 
areolation  small,  rhomboidal  above,  quadrate  or  rectangular  at 
base.  Flowers  dioecious ;  perichtetium  long,  dirty  brown. 
Calyptra  very  small,  fugacious.  Ctipsule  long-pedicellate,  sub- 
erect,  small,  inflated  at  the  neck,  oval-oblong.  Lid  large, 
conical,  blunt  or  obscurely  apiculate.  Peristome  com])aratively 
large,  jjerfect ;  teeth  articulate,  transversely  striolate,  yellowish ; 
segments  entire,  as  long  as  the  teeth,  with  two  intermediate 
shorter  cilia.     Annul  us  double. 

1.  M.    julacea,    Bruch   &   Schimp.      In    dense    compact 

glaucous-green  tufts,  pale  yellow  within ;  stems  erect,  dichoto- 

mous  or    fasciculate-branching :     leaves    round-ovate,    obtuse, 

rarely  short-apiculate,  minutely  serrate,  nearly  smooth :  capsule 

pale  brown,  with  orange  lid.  —  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  5G0.     IL/pnum 

julaceum^  Villars,  PI.  Dauph.  iii.  909 ;  Schwaegr.  Supi)l.  i.  2. 

21G,  t.  89. 

IIab.     Fissures  of  rocks  on  high  mountains;  Xew  England  and  New 
Tork,  Oregon,  Britisli  America,  etc. ;  rare. 

2.  M.  apiculata,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Tafts  less  compact 
and  wider,  soft,  glaucous-green  :  leaves  loosely  imbricate  or 
spreading,  smaller,  abruptly  narrowed  into  a  recurved  point, 
opaque:  peristome  small,  Avhitlsh,  —  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  560.  Iso- 
thecuiin  opiadatum,  ITueb.  Muse.  Germ.  598.  ILjpnimi  jula- 
ceum^  vnr.,  Muell.  Syn.  ii.  4G5. 

IlAn.     British  America  [T)rummonil)\  Uinta  Mountains  (T^a^son). 

3.  M.  Careyana,  Sulliv.  Tufts  less  compact,  glraicous- 
grecn,  dirty  white  below,  intermixed  with  long  rootlets;  stems 
slender,  ascending,  stoloniferous  and  fasciculately  branching: 


tji'lfc 


'tf**  jlWf'rl'yjF'W'MiWWWJ""!'' 


ip    m^  iijjpi 


m 


Leskea.] 


BIIYACE.^. 


301 


leaves  loosely  imbricate,  opon-ercct,  broadly  ovate,  narrowed  t.) 
a  long  acumen,  spinulose-dentate  all  around,  with  long  papilhu 
on  the  back ;  costa  very  short  or  none ;  cells  of  the  areolation 
somewhat  large,  pellucid,  all  rhoiuboidal,  elliptic,  simply  j)apil- 
lose  on  the  outside ;  perichietial  leaves  sheathing,  lanceolate, 
long  filiform-acuminate,  coarsely  dentate  :  capsule  subincurved, 
oblong-obovate ;  teeth  pale  yellow.  —  Mosses  of  U.  States,  Gl 
and  81,  t.  5,  and  Icon.  Muse.  131,  t.  83;  Sulliv.  &  Lesij.  Muse. 
Bor.-Amer.  Exslcc.  n.  '250. 

IIab.  Mountains  of  Xew  England  {Cary,  Frost);  'Sew  York  (Austin); 
Pennsylvania  (Lcsqucreux);  crevices  of  wet  limestone  rocks,  North  Car- 
olina (Gray,  Sullicant).     llecontly  discovered  also  in  Central  Europe. 

120.  LESKEA,  Iledw.  (PI.  5.) 
Primary  stems  leafy,  irregularly  divided ;  branches  erect  or 
spreading.  Stem-  and  branch-leaves  similar,  ovate-lanceolate, 
open  or  spreading,  rarely  secund,  soft,  costate,  pa])ill()se  on 
both  sides.  Flowers  moncecious  and  dicccious.  Capsule  oblong, 
subcylindrical,  straight  or  subarcuate,  thin.  Teeth  of  the  peri- 
stome narrowly  lanceolate ;  segments  narrow,  linear ;  cilia  none. 

1.  L.  polycarpa,  Ehrh.  JNIonoccious:  tufts  widely  intri- 
cate, dirty  green ;  stems  long,  creeping,  soft ;  branches  erect, 
varying  in  length:  leaves  oj)en  or  subsecund,  ovate-lanv.-eolate, 
concave;  borders  recurved  below;  costa  vanishing  below  the 
apex  :  capsr.le  oblong,  cylindrical,  slightly  arcuate,  constricted 
under  the  orange-colored  orifice  when  dry  ;  lid  narrowly  conical ; 
teeth  long,  linear-lanceolate,  yellowish ;  segments  narrowly 
linear-subulate,  entire,  hyaline,  as  long  as  the  teeth  ;  annulus 
narrow.  —  Crypt.  Ex'sicc.  n.  OG  ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  470. 

Var.  paludosa,  Wils.  IVFore  robust ;  stems  and  branches 
longer ;  branches  erect :  leaves  larger,  spreading-open,  less 
crowded:  capsule  longer,  cylindrical.  —  X.  paludosa,  Iledw. 
Muse.  Frond,  iv.  1,  t.  1. 

Hab.  Roots  and  trunks  of  trees  and  bushes,  in  wet  places  and  borders 
of  rivulets;  not  rare.     Oregon  {Ilnll). 

2.  L.  obscura,  Iledw.  Monoecious:  plants  small,  loosely 
and  widely  intricate,  cespitose,  dark  green  ;  stems  prostrate, 
subpinnately  divided  ;  branches  erect  and  compressed :  leaves 
open-erect,  loosely  incumbent,  ovate  at  base,  narrowed  above 


if 


-i- 


V- 


f 


_/.. 


302 


BRYACE^. 


[Leskea. 


to  a  blunt  apex,  concave,  recurved  on  the  borders,  strongly 
costate  nearly  to  the  apex  ;  areolation  opaque,  round ;  inner 
I)erichietial  leaves  long-sheathing,  loosely  areolato,  costate : 
caj)sule  erect,  oblong  or  narrowly  elliptical,  slightly  arched,  thin, 
reddish  brown  when  old  ;  pedicel  H  to  2  cm.  long;  lid  conical, 
blunt  at  the  apex  ;  teeth  linear-lanceolate,  distantly  articulate  ; 
segments  shorter,  linear,  slender,  keeled,  and  cleft  between  the 
articulations.  —  Spec.  Muse.  223,  t.  57  ;  Sulliv.  Icon.  Muse.  123, 
t.  77.  X.  nervosa,  Sulliv.  Muse.  Allegh.  n.  69.  X.  microcarpa^ 
Schinip. ;  Sulliv.  Mosses  of  U.  States,  59. 

IIah.     On  Uie  roots  and  lower  portions  of  the  trunks  of  trees  in  low 
p'ound,  and  reached  by  Inundations;  common  and  variable. 

3.  L.  nervosa,  Myrin.  Di(jecious :  j)lants  in  dense  dark 
green  or  brownish  mats ;  stems  pinnately  divided  into  crowded 
ramulose  branches,  either  short  and  erect  or  long  and  cree]»ing: 
leaves  close,  open  when  moist,  imbricate  when  dry,  often  turned 
to  one  side,  narrowly  lanceolate  or  acuminate  from  an  ovate 
base,  plano-concave  in  the  middle,  retlexed  on  the  borders  ;  costa 
solid,  percmrent ;  cells  of  the  areolation  small,  round-oval, 
transversely  quadrangular  at  the  basilar  borders ;  inner  peri- 
chaitial  leaves  long-sheathing,  long-acuminate:  caj^sule  oblong- 
cylindrical,  regular,  brown ;  operculum  narrowly  conical  or 
short-beaked;  peristome  short;  outer  teeth  linear-lanceolate, 
whitish;  segments  short,  subulate,  irregular;  annulus  narrow. 
—  Coroll.  Fl.  Ups.  52 ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  472 ;  Sulliv.  Mosses  of 
U.  States,  105.  Pterogoniam  nervosum^  Schwaegr.  Su])})!. 
i.  102,  t.  28. 

II An.  Trunks  of  trees;  White  Mountains,  generally  sterile;  Crawford 
Notch,  fruiting  (JrOHCs);  rare. 

4.  L.  denticulata,  Sulliv.  Difccious  :  plants  in  small  loose 
light  green  tufts  ;  stems  short,  creeping,  irregularly  branching, 
radiculose :  leaves  close,  appressed,  open,  erect  or  subsecund, 
ovate-lanceolate,  narrowly  short-acmninate,  minutely  denticulate 
all  around,  concave,  ecostate,  pellucid  ;  areolation  narrowly  ol)- 
long,  the  basilar  broader  and  shorter:  male  plants  unknown: 
caj)sule  oval-oblong,  suberect,  short-pedicelled  ;  operculum  short- 
rostrate  from  a  broad  highly  convex  or  conical  base;  teeth 
linear-lanceolate,  distantly  articulate ;  segments  nearly  as  long 
and  as  broad  as  the  teeth,  carinate,  cleft  between  the  articula- 
tions;  cilia  none;  annulus  none. — Muse.  Allegh.  n.  62,  Mosses 


■  1  .>'i'/>^y!»  ^wm^'^mw'i-vpv' ' 


'iWW 


Leskea.] 


BllYACE^. 


303 


of  IT.  States,  59,  and  Icon.  Muse.  125,  t.  78 ;  SiiUiv.  &  Lcsq. 
Muse.  Bor.-Amcr.  Exsicc.  n.  liiO.     Jlypicum  fahronljefolium^ 
Muell.  Syn.  ii.  271. 
IIau.     Base  of  trees,  Middle  and  Southern  States;  rare  in  fruit. 

5.  L.  tristis,  Cosat.  Plants  widely  cespitose,  loosely  intri- 
cate, dirty  green  ;  stems  slender,  frustrate  o.'  pendent,  branching 
and  irregularly  or  j)innately  rainulose;  branehlets  erect  or 
curved,  lilifonu:  leaves  very  brittle,  squarrose  when  moistened, 
narrowly  lingulate,  obtuse  or  short-ai)ieulate  from  a  broad  sub- 
erect  clasping  base,  crenulatc  on  the  margins  by  large  protu- 
berant cells;  surface  verruculose  ;  costa  slender,  vanishing  at 
the  middle;  upper  areolaticm  irregularly  round-hexagonal, 
oblong-rectangular  in  the  middle  toward  the  base,  transversely 
hexacronal  near  the  borders:  fruit  uidcnown.  —  DeXot.  SvH.  07. 
Zi.frugiUs^  Hook.  &,  Wils.  in  Drumm.  Muse.  Amer.  (Coll,  II.), 
n.  101 ;  Sulliv.  Muse.  AUegh.  n.  71.  Anomodon  (?)  tristis, 
Sulliv.  Mosses  of  IT.  States,  58. 

IlAn.  Common  ou  trees  in  wooded  swamps  and  along  rivulets,  particu- 
larly on  Hornbeam. 

C,  L.  Austini,  Sulliv.  Mona'cious:  ]tlants  of  medium  si7.e, 
intricate-cespitose  ;  stems  irregularly  divided  into  very  uneijual 
branches :  leaves  spreading  or  subsquarrose  when  moistened, 
ovate,  long  and  narrowly  acuminate,  entire,  costate  to  above  the 
middle,  pai)illose  on  both  faces;  cells  thick,  round-quadrate  near 
the  basal  border,  longer,  rhomboidal-elliptical  above ;  perichav 
tial  leaves  longer,  lanceolate-acuminate  :  capsule  erect,  cylindri- 
cal-oval, with  a  small  orifice;  teetli  comparatively  short,  broadly 
lanceolate,  attached  far  below  the  orilice,  j)apillose  on  both 
faces,  opaque;  inner  menibrane  yellowish  brown,  scarcely  ])assing 
above  the  orifice  of  the  capsule,  undivided ;  lid  short-conical; 
annulus  none. — Icon.  Muse.  Suppl.  81,  t.  01. 

Hab.  Stone  walls,  New  Jersey  (Austin);  trunks  of  trees,  Illinois 
(Wolf). 

The  generic  position  of  this  spoeios  is  still  uncertain,  related  as  it  is  in 
some  characters  to  Leskea,  in  others  to  Ilahrodon. 

7.  L.  pulvinata,  Wahl.  Syn(ecious  :  ])lants  soft,  cespitu- 
lose,  irregularly  ramose  and  ramidose  :  leaves  ovate-lanceolate, 
slightly  uncquilateral,  very  entire,  obsoletely  costate,  soft  and 
smooth  ;  areolation  loose,  rhomboidal-quadrate  at  the  angles  and 
margins,  chlorophyllose ;  jierichaitial  leaves  ecostate,  longer, 
half-sheathing,   with  a  narrower  areolation :   calyptru  whitish, 


■y- 


t 


-f- 


I, 

I' 

iM'llilt' 

I  if 


ii'  i*. 


(if  '"' 
'if*     : 


Kin 
m 


i  \      ' 


304 


BRYACEiE. 


[Leskea. 


dimidiate :  capsule  soft,  oblong,  regular  or  slightly  inclined, 
thin,  on  a  short  soft  pedicel;  teeth  narrowly  lanceolate,  tliin, 
liyaline ;  segments  linear,  earinate-plicate,  orange,  shorter  than 
the  teeth,  solid  and  narrow;  membrane  broad. —  Fl.  Lapp.  liGt); 
Bryol.  Eur.  t.  471.  Neckera  puloinata,  Muell.  Syn.  ii.  83. 
Jfifrinia piiloinata,  Schimp.  Syn.  4b2. 

11  Au.     Canada  and  British  Columbia,  on  trees  (Macoxin)]  very  rare. 

Schiuiper  separates  this  species  from  Let^kea  as  a  new  geiuis,  Mijrbua, 
on  account  of  the  loose  and  smooth  aieolation  of  the  loaves. 

8.  Ij.  Wollei,  Aust.  Plants  very  small,  intricately  cespitose, 
irregularly  or  subi)innately  ramose  and  ramulose,  greenish 
brown  above,  reddish  below :  leaves  of  the  i)rimary  stems 
broadly  deltoid-ovate,  abruptly  long-acuminate,  those  of  the 
branches  narrower  and  shorter  acuminate,  those  of  the  branch- 
lets  somewhat  rigid,  ovate,  acute  or  short-acu'uinate,  concave, 
imbricate,  slightly  rugulose  when  dry,  all  very  entire  ;  costa 
broad,  simple  aiul  longer,  or  unequally  bifid;  cells  rhomboidal; 
those  of  the  basilar  angles  and  of  the  borders  quadrate  up  to  the 
apex:  fruit  and  flowers  unknown.  —  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  v.  22. 

Hah.     Niagara  Falls  (Wolle)\  Lake  Superior  (Macoun). 

A  very  uncertain  species,  on  which  the  author  remarks  tliat  it  is  of  about 
the  size  and  has  much  the  general  appearance  of  Ilypnum  adnatuiu ;  the 
leaves  much  as  in  tliat  species  in  position,  shape  and  aroolation,  but 
uiore  concave,  and  the  areolation  shorter;  the  stem-loaves  shaped  some- 
what as  in  IlypnniK  hisjnduluiii,  but  more  concave,  with  a  more  abrupt 
longer  and  more  flexuous  point,  and  with  entire  margins.  In  a  small  frag- 
ment communicated  by  the  author,  the  leaves  are  found  to  be  nerveless 
or  the  costa  bifid  at  base,  as  in  Ili/jminn  adnatuDi.  It  appears  to  be  a 
variety  of  that  species. 

121.  ANOMODON,  Hook.  &  Tayl.     (PI.  5.) 

Primary  stem  creeping,  stolonifcrous ;  fertile  branches  erect; 
branchlets  fasciculate  or  irregular.  Stem-leaves  distant,  minute, 
hard ;  those  of  the  branches  more  crowded,  spreading  or 
secund ;  areolation  minute,  very  chlcrophyllose,  paj)illose  on 
both  faces  (except  in  A.  Toccocb).  Fiowers  dioecious.  Calyptra 
long.  Capsule  erect,  oblong  or  cylindrical,  regular,  chestnut- 
colored,  coriaceous.  Teeth  pale,  linear-lanceolate ;  segments 
short,  linear,  more  or  less  irregular  from  a  narrow  membi-ane. 
Annulus  narrow  or  none. 


^ 

T 

Anomodon.] 


BRYACEiE. 


305 


1.  A.  rostratus,  Schimp.  Densely  cespitoso;  tufts  bright 
green  at  the  surface,  ochreous  within ;  primary  stems  faseicu- 
hitely  ramose,  l)rittle,  witli  filiform  innovations:  leaves  densely 
imhricate,  ovate  at  base,  narrowly  lant-eolate  and  long-apiculate, 
with  a  solid  eosta  vanishing  below  the  apex;  pericha'tiuui  long, 
whitish,  with  thin  ecostate  I-aves,  the  inner  narrowed  into  a 
filiform  reflexed  jwint  as  long  as  the  leaves:  capsule  short-pedi- 
cellate, oval-oblong,  reddish-brown;  lid  long-beaked;  segments 
nearly  as  long  as  the  teeth,  carinate,  dirty  yellow,  witK  cilia 
solitary  or  rudimentary  or  none.  —  Syn.  488.  Leskea  rostrnta^ 
Iledw.  Si)ec.  :\[usc.  2'2G,  t.  /o  ;  Bryol.  Eur,  t.  473  ;  Sulliv.  Mosses 
of  U.  States,  59. 

II An.     Koots  of  trees,  in  woods;  not  rare. 

'2.  A.  attenuatus,  Ilueben.  Plants  in  loose  wide  tufts; 
secondary  stems  fasciculately  ramose,  incurved  at  the  apex, 
mixed  with  flagelliform  sometimes  very  long  stolons:  heaves 
subsecund,  narrowed  and  decurrent  at  the  ovate  base,  lanceolate 
i.bove,  blunt  and  apiculate  at  the  apex,  very  densely  pa]>illose 
on  both  faces ;  periclnetial  leaves  lanceolate-acuminate  from  an 
ovate  base  :  capsule  long,  cylindrical,  straight  or  slightly  curved, 
reddisli  brown,  shining;  pedicel  long,  twisted  ;  teeth  narrowly 
lanceolate;  segments  filiform,  fragile  and  irregidar;  nnmdus 
narrow.  —  ]Musc.  Germ.  502 ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  475.  Lesl-oa  aWmn- 
ata^  Iledw.  ]\[usc.  Frond,  i.  33,  t.  12.  Jlfjtjman  atteintatum, 
Schreb. ;  ]Muell.  Syn.  ii.  473. 

IIab.  On  rocks,  roots  and  trunks  of  trees  Mliero  mud  is  deposited  by 
Inundations;  very  common  along  rivers. 

3.  A.  Obtusifolius,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Loosely  and  widely 
ccspitose,  glaucous-green,  dirty  red  when  old ;  primnry  stems 
creepitig,  flagellate,  the  secoiidary  straight,  simple  or  di\  ided  at 
liase:  leaves  two-ranked,  lingulate-obtuse  from  an  oblong-ovato 
l)ase,  thick,  opaque,  minutely  round-areolate ;  costa  ])ellncid, 
vanisliing  below  the  a])ex ;  up])cr  pericha-tial  leaves  long- 
sheathing,  longer  lingulate  at  the  apex :  cajisule  short,  ovate  or 
elli})tical,  on  a  short  pedicel ;  teeth  nodose-articulate,  linear- 
lanceolate  and  subidate ;  segments  very  short  from  a  very 
narrow  membrane,  often  aborti\(' ;  annulus  large.  —  Lond. 
Jtmrn.  Bot.  ii.  GOB  (184^) ;  Sulliv.  Icon.  Muse.  119,  t.  74.  A. 
niinor^  I'uern.;  Lindb.  Faun.  Fl.  Fenn.  ix.  2G7. 

IIai!.  On  trunks  of  trees,  near  water-courses,  in  the  Middle  States; 
common. 


7 


■/- 


^ 


n 


pi 


306 


BRYACEvE. 


[Anomodon. 


4.  A.  apiculatus,  Bmch  &  Schimp.  Differs  fi-om  the  last 
in  the  stems  more  divided  and  less  ilattened,  the  leaves  mure 
densely  areolate,  and  covered  with  longer  j)ai)illa},  auriculato 

J.  and  (iml>riate-j)aitillose  at  base,  and  the  borders  undulate,  the 

capsule  longer  and  without  annuhis.  —  Bryol.  Eur.  Anomodon^ 
G;  Sulliv.  Mosses  of  U.  States,  58,  and  Icon.  Muse,  llin,  t.  75. 
Ili/pnum  lliujdii^  Muell.  Syn.  ii.  473,  fide  Liudb. 
IlAiJ.     On  decayed  logs,  in  mountain  districts. 

5.  A.  viticulosus,  Hook.  &  Tayl.  Plants  large,  in  wide 
tufts,  dark  green  above,  ochreous  within ;  primary  stems  long, 
creeping,  the  secondary  erect,  simi)le,  or  geniculate  by  repeated 
innovations :  leaves  secund  and  subfalcate,  crispate  when  dry, 
ovate-lanceolate,  blunt  at  the  apex;  areolation  very  dense  and 
minutely  papillose ;   i)ericha3tial  leaves  long,  linear-acuminate 

"Jr  from   an   ovate   base;   costa  strong:   capsule  long-cylindrical, 

straight  or  slightly  curved;  pedicel  twisted;  operculum  nar- 
rowly conical ;  teeth  narrowly  lanceolate,  sometimes  irrogu'.nr; 
segments  filiform,  fragile  and  irregular;  annulus  of  a  double 
row  of  small  cells.  —  Muse.  Brit.  ed.  2,  138,  t.  2'2 ;  Bryol.  Eur. 
t.  47G.     ITtipnum  viticulosnm^  Linn.  Spec.  PI.  1127. 

ILvn.  Shaded  rocks;  Niagara  Falls,  sterile;  Wisconsin  {Laphniu): 
Owen  Sound,  Canada,  fertile  (Mrf(.  Hoy). 

6.  A.  TOCCOSB,  Sulliv.  &  Lesq.  Habit,  mode  of  growth 
and  color  as  in  A.  apioilatiis :  primary  stems  prostrate,  naked 
or  beset  with  few  small  leaves  and  few  radicles,  the  secondary 
erect,  simple  or  irregularly  divided  into  short  branches,  densely 
foliate,  arched  when  dry:  leaves  open,  erect,  lanceolate-acute 
from  an  ovate-oblong  base,  coarsely  and  unequally  dentate 
toward  the  apex,  jdicate  at  base  and  reflexed  on  the  margins ; 

*T"  meshes   of    the   areolation   very   small,   not   ]iapillose,   rouiul- 

quadrate,  in  oblique  rows ;  costa  stout,  terete,  subpercnrrcnt ; 
u])per  perichaitial  leaves  lanceolate,  gradually  narrowed  into  a 
long  fdiform  acumen,  costate:  fruit  unknown.  —  Muse.  Bor.- 
Amer.  Exsicc.  n.  240 ;  Sulliv.  Mosses  of  U.  States,  58,  and 
Icon.  Muse.  121,  t.  76,  A. 

Hau.  On  rocks,  near  the  base  of  Toccoa  Falls,  Northern  Georgia 
(Lesquereux). 

7.  A.  Oalifornicus,  Lesq.     Loosely  cespitose,  dirty  yellow 
*'        above,  brown  below  ;  secondary  stems  branching  by  innovations, 

or  continuous  and  simple,  slender,  angular  when  dry  by  the 
appresscd   imbricated  fo'^-ranked  leaves:    leaves  open  when 


m 


Platygyrium.] 


BRYACE.E. 


307 


moist 'ikmI,  half-olasi)ing  and  decurrent  at  the  auriculatc  base, 
broadly  ovate,  acute,  replicate  on  the  margin  to  above  the  mid- 
dle, retlexed  to  the  point,  carinate  by  the  stout  pale  subpercur- 
rent  costa;  alar  cells  oblong,  the  upper  ovate-quadrate,  pajdllose 
on  both  faces;  auricles  dcnticulate-spmose :  fruit  unknown. — 
Mem.  Calif.  Acad.  i.  30. 

Had.    Monto  Diablo,  California  (Tiolamlcr). 

The  base  of  the  leaves  Is  roumled  into  a  large  ciliate  auricle,  aa  in  A. 
itpiculutun,  and  the  margins  above  are  also  minutely  denticulate  by  the 
protrusion  of  the  papillate  cells,  but  this  is  the  only  point  of  afVuiify  be- 
tween the  species,  the  leaves  being  broadly  ovate-acute,  carinate,  and  im- 
bricate all  around  when  dry. 

Trihe  XXII.     ORTIIOTIIECIE^. 

Plants  generally  large,  widely  spreading  and  ccspitose,  crcci> 
ing  and  ramulose;  branches  erect  or  comidanate.  Leaves 
smooth,  sometimes  sulcate,  costate  or  ccostate  or  bicostate  at 
l)ase ;  areolation  narrowly  rhomboidal  or  linear,  large  and  quad- 
rate at  the  basal  angles.     Capsule  erect  or  subinclined. 

122.  PLATYGYRIUM,  Bruch  &  Schimp.    (PI.  5.) 

Plants  intricate,  ccspitose,  j)innately  ramulose.  Leaves 
densely  crowded,  spreading  when  moistened,  imbricate  when 
dry,  subscarious,  glossy,  ccostate;  areolation  narrowly  rhom- 
boidal above,  sid^linear  in  the  middle,  larger  and  quadrate  at 
the  angles.  Flowers  dia?cious.  Calyptra  dimidiate,  long, 
twisted.  Capsule  oblong,  cylindrical  and  regular.  Operculum 
long  and  narrowly  ronical,  blunt  at  the  apex,  smooth.  Teeth 
of  the  peristome  free  to  below  the  orifice  of  the  caj)sule,  nar- 
rowly lanceolate,  hyaline  on  the  borders ;  segments  free  to  the 
base,  narrow,  linear,  as  long  as  tlie  teeth  ;  cilia  none.  Annulus 
very  largo,  com]>ound,  persistent. 

1.  P.  repens,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Tufts  bright  yellowish 
green :  leaves  ovate  or  oblong-lanceolate,  acute,  concave, 
recurved  on  the  borders,  very  entire ;  jiericliretial  leaves  loosely 
imbricate,  longer :  ca])sule  dirty  yellow,  brown  when  old ;  teeth 
orange,  hyaline  on  the  borders ;  segments  of  the  same  color.  — 
Bryol.  Eur.  t.  458.  Pterigi/nandrum  rej)ens,  Brid.  Muse,  Recent. 
Suppl.  i.  131.    Fterogonium^  Schwaegr.  Suppl.  i.  100,  t.  27. 


!'' 1;, » 


!'l  ill:  il' 


|i; 


■i<- 


f- 


-h 


308 


BRYACEiE. 


[Pylaiaia, 


Had.    Decayed  trunks,  in  woods;  common. 

Much  like  Pi/luiula  polyanthu,  differing  in  its  bright  yellowisli  green 
color,  the  leaves  broader  and  shorter,  imbricate  when  dry,  and  the 
regular  capsule  more  solid. 

123.  PYLAISIA,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  (PI.  4.) 
Stems  creeping,  pinnatoly  raniulose ;  branchlets  short,  erect. 
Leaves  close,  spreading  or  subsecund  and  falcate,  ccostate,  con- 
cave, entire  or  slightly  serrulate,  glossy.  Flowers  mona^cious. 
Capsule  ovate-oblong  or  subcylindrical,  slightly  curved  when 
dry.  Teeth  of  the  peristome  linear-lanceolate,  more  or  less 
densely  articulate,  solid,  hyaline  on  the  borders ;  segments 
attached  to  a  short  membrane,  longer  than  the  teeth,  linear- 
subulate,  cleft  along  the  keel  or  bipartite ;  cilia  rudimentary  or 
none.     Annulus  narrow.  —  J-'i/laiea,  Lindb. 

1.  P.  polyantha,  Bruch  ifc  Schimp.  Leaves  erect,  spread- 
ing, ovate-lanceolate,  long-acuminate:  capsule  chestnut-color; 
cilia  very  short.  —  Bryol.  P]ur.  t.  455.  IL/pjitim  poli/anf/ios, 
Schreb.  Spicil.  Fl.  Lips.  97 ;  Muell.  Syn.  ii.  337.  Lec,]<ea  polij- 
antha^  Iledw.  Muse.  Frond,  iv.  4,  t.  2.  Stereodon  pohjantlius, 
Mitt.  Journ.  Linn.  Soc.  viii.  40. 

IIab.  On  trees;  White  Mountains  (JamcH);  Santa  Fe  [FendU'")\  Sas- 
katchewan and  Rocky  Mountains  (Iiourfjcau).     Rare. 

2.  P.  heteromalla,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Much  like  the  pre- 
ceding, differing  in  its  pale  yellowish  color,  the  leaves  broadly 
ovate,  acuminate,  subscarious,  erect  on  the  borders,  the  cells  of 
the  areolation  very  pale,  narrow,  subconfluent,  those  of  the 
basilar  angles  few,  very  small  and  slightly  granulose,  the  inner 
perichajtial  leaves  enlarged  at  base,  the  capsule  oval  and  broade?-, 
and  the  operculum  shorter.  —  Lond.  Journ.  Bot.  ii.  G()0  (1(S43). 
ILfpmim pobjanthvA)}^  var.  palUdifoUum,  Muell.  Syn.  ii.  8  57. 

II An.  Trunks  of  trees  and  stones,  in  various  situations;  Rocky  Moun- 
tains {Druininond,  n.  222). 

3.  P.  SUbdenticulata,  Schimp.  Plants  glossy-green, 
small,  in  closely  entangled  mats ;  branchlets  crowded,  short  and 
slender :  leaves  not  crowded,  ovate-lanceolate,  more  or  less  long- 
acuminate,  concave,  slightly  serrulate  at  the  apex ;  alar  cells 
numerous,  subgranulose ;  perichastial  leaves  sheathing,  loosely 
areolate,  narrowly  acuminate:   capsule  oblong-cylindrical  and 


.!» 


Ilomalotheciian.] 


BRYACE.E. 


309 


Bymmc'trical ;  lid  rostrate  from  a  conical  hasc;  tcctli  distantly 
articulate ;  scffnieiit.s  yellow,  cleft  and  bifid,  attached  to  a  broad 
membrane;  cilia  none:  spores  brijjjht  yellow.  —  Bryol.  Eur. 
l*t/laisii.a,  li ;  SuUiv.  Icon.  iNIusc.  lliT,  t.  87.  P.  denticidatay 
Sulliv.  Mosses  of  U.  States,  G'2. 

Var.  obscura.  IMants  dirty  green  ;  tufts  strong,  comj)act : 
leaves  elosely  imbricate,  shorter;  the  perichjctial  short-acumi- 
nate, entire:  lid  short,  whitish. —  P.  Jai)icsii,  JSulliv.  &  Lesq. 
iMusc.  JJor.-Amer.  Exsicc.  ed.  2,  n.  3S3. 

IIau.  On  tlie  bark  of  trees,  Central  Ohio  {SuU'wnnt);  New  Jersey 
{.UihUh);  tlie  variety  on  the  yround  and  roots  of  trees,  near  Chelsea,  Mas- 
sachusetts (Janief<). 

Sullivaiit  remarks,  1.  c,  that  the  species  is  very  near  slender  forms 
of  P.  iwbjuntha,  distinguished  by  the  larger  shorter-pointed  leaves,  the 
cells  broader  and  shorter,  those  of  the  angles  more  numerous,  and  the 
beak  of  the  lid  longer. 

4.  P.  intricata,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Size  and  mode  of 
growth  as  in  I*,  subdenticulata ,'  branches  short,  recurved: 
leaves  ovate-lanceolate,  acuminate,  slightly  denticulate  at  the 
ajiex,  the  uj)per  secund;  angular  eells  quadrate,  numerous: 
capsule  oblong-ovate,  turgid,  narrower  at  the  orifice  ;  operculum 
conical,  short-rostellatc  ;  segments  granulated,  adhering  to  and 
bordering  the  lower  half  of  the  teeth,  split  above  and  free,  as  in 
species  of  liartr<nnia :  sj)ores  large.  —  Bryol.  Eur.  Pi/laisfra^ 
o ;  Sulliv.  :N[osses  of  U.  States,  fl'J,  and  Icon.  ISIusc.  189,  t.  88. 
Pterif/i/fuaidn/m  intricatrim.,  lledw.  Sjiec.  Muse.  85,  t.  18. 

11  An.     Trees  and  old  logs;  common  in  woods. 

5.  P.  velutina,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  1.  c.  Differs  from  the 
last,  with  which  it  has  often  been  confounded,  in  the  somewhat 
narrower  leaves  with  few  quadrate  alar  cells,  the  capsule  cylin- 
drical with  a  broad  orifice  and  hmger  operculum,  the  teeth  more 
densely  articulate,  narrowly  bordered  their  whole  length  by  the 
adhering  segments,  and  the  spores  dark  yellowish  green,  larger 
and  granulated.  —  Sulliv.  Mosses  of  U.  States,  G3,  and  Icon, 
^lusc.  140,  t.  89. 

Hab.    Bark  of  trees;  often  growing  with  the  last. 


1?.4.  HOMALOTHEOIUM,  Bruch  &  Schimp.     (PI.  5.) 
Plants    varying    in    size,   prostrate,   closely    and    pinnately 
branched.     Leaves  glossy,  costate,  serrulate ;  areolation  oblong- 


i.,i 


i 


i- 


310 


BRYACE^. 


[Ilomalothccium. 


rliornl)oi(lal.  Calyptra  cuculliform,  liairy.  Opcrculuin  conical, 
subrostollatc.  Capsule  cylindricul-ovato  or  oblonjj^,  rcj^ular, 
erect,  or  somewhat  arcuate.  Teeth  of  the  ])eristo!ne  linear- 
lanceolate,  closely  articulate;  segments  adhering  to  the  teeth 
and  bordering  them. 

1.  H.  SUbcapillatum,  Sulliv.  Monoecious:  leaves  opon- 
(irect,  suhimhricate,  ellij)tical  or  obovate,  abruptly  narrowed  to 
a  slender  recurved  acumen;  costa  short,  sinii>le  or  forking,  van- 
ishing below  the  middle;  alar  cells  numerous,  (piadrate ;  inner 
pericluetial  leaves  sheathing,  long-acuminate,  dentate  at  the 
apex:  i)edicel  rough:  capsule  slightly  incurved;  teeth  confluent 
at  base,  dark  red,  with  a  broad  pellucid  central  8tri])e  marked 
by  a  delicate  medial  line;  segments  lining  the  teeth.  —  Mosses 
of  U.  States,  C.'i,  t.  5,  and  Icon.  Muse.  141,  t.  UO.  I^feri'jynan- 
drum  aubcapillatain^  Iledw.  Sj»ec.  Muse.  8ii,  t.  10. 

IlAii.     Bark  of  trees  in  wooils,  with  the  lust  two  species  of  Pi/l(tis!n. 

2.  H.  pseudosericeum.  Dicecious:  loosely  cespitnso, 
irregularly  branching,  glossy  ;  branchlets  short  and  short-cuspi- 
date, slightly  curved,  turgid :  stem-leaves  loose,  s]»rea(liiig, 
slightly  decurrent,  rounded  at  base,  gradually  narrowed  into  a 
long  acute  or  cuspidate  often  half-twisted  acumen,  irregularly 
and  indistinctly  sulcate,  deeply  concave,  revolute  on  the  borders 
from  the  base  to  the  middle,  obscurely  denticulate ;  costa  nar- 
row, vanishing  in  the  point ;  cells  ])ale,  inflated,  narrowly 
linear;  outer  pericha3tial  leaves  small.  Ungulate,  obtuse,  the 
inner  broad  end  sheathing  at  base,  gracbudly  narrowed  into  a 
long  narrow  denticulate  point,  nerveless:  capsule  tuberculose 
above,  suberect  or  slightly  inclined,  abrui)tly  arcuate,  cylindri- 
cal, constricted  at  the  orifice;  pedicel  short,  reddish,  often  very 
flexuous;  lid  conical,  obliquely  rostellate;  teeth  robust,  ferru- 
ginous ;  inner  membrane  thin,  yellow ;  cilia  one  or  two.  — 
Iflfpnmn  2}se2idosenceH)v.,  Muell.  Kegensb.  Flora,  Iviii.  81) 
(1875)  ;  Watson,  Bot.  Calif,  ii.  412. 

IlAB.     Oakhvnd  and  Tortland,  Oregon  (R.  D.  Nevius). 

125.  OYLINDROTHECIUM,  Bruch  &  Schimp.    (PI.  5.) 
Plants  large,  widely  cespitose ;  stems  generally  compressed, 
subpinnately  ramulose.     Leaves  crowded,  more  or  less  com- 
pressed, imbricate,  costate,  glossy,  entire,  with  a  linear  very 


Ci/lindrothccium.] 


BRYACE.E. 


311 


narrow  arcolation  qiiadriitc  at  the  basal  nnjjjlcs.  Calyptra 
cucullatt'  and  dimidiato.  Capsule  loiigf-pt'dicellale,  erect,  eylin- 
drleal.  ()i>erculum  eoiiical  or  obliciuely  short-rostrate.  Peri- 
stome small ;  teeth  free  to  below  the  oritiee  of  the  capsule, 
linear,  distantly  articulate;  segments  narrow,  carinate,  attached 
to  a  narrow  membrane  or  entirely  free;  cilia  none.  Sjfores 
greenish  brown,  minute. 

1.  0.  cladorrhizans,  Sehim)).     Plants  in  wide  yellowish 

green  tut'ts:  leaves  closely  imbricate,  oblong-ovate,  acute,  very 

slightly  serrulate  at  the  apex,  concave,  indistinctly  bicostate  at 

base:  lid  long,  conical,  blunt  at  the  apex;  teeth  entire,  dark 

br(nvn  !it  base,  more  or  less  lacunose  above;  segments  linear, 

p.ile,  entire  ;  annulus  large,  easily  detached.  —  Syn.  014;  Sulliv. 

flosses   of   U.  States,  04,   t.   5,   and   Icon.  Muse.    14o,    t.    91. 

Ntch'era   cl(ulorrJdz(i)is^  lledw.    Sj)ec.   Muse.   207,   t.   47.     C. 

tSchlelcheri^  IJruch  tt  Schimp.  IJryol.  Eur.  t.  404. 

II AH.  In  wooils  on  decayed  logs,  roots  of  trees  and  the  groiuid;  very 
comiiion. 

2.  0.  seductrix,  Sulliv.  Very  near  the  preceding,  distin- 
guished by  the  darker  color  of  the  stems,  the  smaller  terete  and 
more  slender  branehlets,  the  leaves  sulcate,  more  concave  and 
shorter-apicidate,  the  capsides  more  numerous  and  narrower, 
the  deeper  insertion  of  the  shorter  loosely  articulate  teeth,  and 
the  less  ])erfect  pi-rsistent  annulus. — Mosses  of  U.  States,  04, 
and  Icon.  Muse.  145,  t.  92.  Neckera  seductrix,  Iledw.  Spec. 
Muse.  208,  t.  47.  Pterif/i/nanch'um  Cco'olininuwn,  \\y'u\.  ]\Iusc. 
Ivecent.  Sup])l.  i.  132.  C  Muhlenhergii,  Bruch  &,  Schinip. 
Bryol.  Eur.  CijUndrotJiecium,  4. 

II  An.  On  logs  in  moist  shaded  places;  fruiting  more  copiously  than 
tin;  last  species;  coinnion. 

3.  0.  brevisetum,  Kruch  &  Schimp.  1.  c.  Faeies  and  mode 
of  growth  of  C.  chtdorrhizans  ;  branches,  brancldets  and  leaves 
less  compressed:  leaves  erect,  open,  concave,  lanceolate,  gradu- 
ally narrowly  acuminate,^  with  borders  recurved  in  the  lower 
part;  areolation  looser:  cajisule  enlarged  toward  the  base  or 
oval-eylindric.al;  operculum  conical,  obtuse;  pedicel  short,  pale 
yellow ;  teeth  hyaline-margined  by  the  adhering  segments ; 
annulus  very  large:  spores  large.  —  Sulliv.  Mosses  of  V.  States, 
G5,  and  Icon.  Muse.  150,  t.  90.     Neckera  breviseta,  Hook.  & 


y^ 


y- 


'-  nS 


m 


F  Hi:rliUl'1.  i' 


ra^ui: 


!l 


"^ 


r 


812 


liKYACK.Ii;. 


[CijlinUrothcciuin. 


Wiln.  ill  Drumin.  Muse.  Aincr.  (Coll.  II.),  n.  9');  Wils.  in 
Hook.  Jouni.  Jlot.  (1S42)   iv.  4 1 'J,  t.  24,  A. 

Had.     Hark  of  prostiuto  trcfs;  Nurlliwcstfiii  slupo. 

Not  as  coiimioti  as  (',  <l<iilnrrfiiziinH,  from  which  It  is  distln<;iilsht'(l  at 
first  siglit  by  tlie  sliortor  ycilosv  lu'ilioel  of  llu;  oapsiilt!. 

4.  0.  Floridanum,  I)iil)y.  Stems  prostrate,  dirty  fjrc't'ii ; 
braiK'hcs  ('lose,  irri'ijfiilar,  with  short  croct  l>raii<  lilcts:  loaves 
Biil)I>elluei(l,  iiiihrieate,  eeostate,  narrowly  laiieeolate,  acute  or 
aouminate,  niiuutely  serrulate  at  the  apex;  perielia'tial  leaves 
lonir-laneeolate,  very  entire :  jiedieels  clustered  (.'i  or  4),  creet, 
strii  I,  ItriLrht  purple,  slightly  enlari^ed  undi'r  the  eajisule:  cap- 
sule brown,  horizontal  or  suherect,  ovate ;  operculinn  rostrate, 
acute  from  a  conical  base,  a  little  im-urved  ;  jieristoiue  and 
areolation    as    in    C.   saluctrix,  —  Keyensb.    Flora,    Iviii.   2S4 

(i87ro- 

llAH.     Florida  (Cliftpiiian). 

Tlu!  author  compares  it  to  C.  Hrdnrtrix.  Tliis  may  ho  ricfht  for  sonic  of 
tli(!  characters,  but  tlie  horizontal  ovale,  clustered  capsules  aiul  the  nar- 
rowly laiuvolate-ucuminate  leaves  are  characters  not  accordant  willi  those 
of  the  p'uus. 

5.  0.  COmpreSSUm,  Kruch  &  Schimp.  ].  c.  Plants  in  flat 
intricate  mats;  branches  aiul  branchlets  much  compressed: 
leaves  shorter  an<l  broader  than  in  C.  dadorrhiza)h«^  more  con- 
cave and  more  obtuse  at  the  entire  iipex  :  capsule  shorter-<n'ate 
or  C'Hi]>tical,  with  a  narrow  oriilce,  shorter-pedicellale ;  lid 
longer,  with  a  slender  curved  beak  ;  teeth  long,  closely  articu- 
late; jumulus  large,  easily  detached.  —  SuUiv.  Mosses  of  U. 
States,  04,  and  Icon.  ^Tusc.  147,  t.  93.  Leskea  compressa, 
Iledw.  Spec.  Muse.  '23-;.  t.  56.  Etitodon  co)/)j)resstts,  Mucll.; 
Lindb.  ]\Ianip.  Muse.  i.  C8. 

IIau.  lioots  of  trees,  near  water  courses;  Pennsylvania  to  Missouri, 
Ohio  and  Southern  States;  rare. 

C.  0.  Drummondii,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  1.  c.  Size  and 
asjiect  of  ('.  cladorrhizdus^  but  easily  recognized  by  its  'nore 
flattened  branches  and  branchlets,  of  a  delicate  yellow  color,  the 
leaves  longer,  distinctly  denticulate,  serrulate  toward  the  apex, 
the  areolation  looser,  the  basilar  cells  oblong,  nearly  eipial  and 
filling  the  whole  base,  the  capsule  shorter,  inflated  at  the  neck, 
abruptly  narrowed  to  a  pale  yellow  pedicel,  the  teeth  obliquely 
fitriolate,  and  the  annulus  wanting.  —  Sulliv.  Mosses  of  U.  States, 
G4,  and  Icon.  Muse.  148,  t.  94.    Neckera  cladorrhizans^  Hook. 


,»        i  • 


Cliinaciuin.] 


iniYACE^. 


818 


it  Wils.  in  Drunnn.  Muse.  Aincr.  (Col.  II.),  n.  90.  C.  liuyeli' 
auiiiH,  Scliiiup.  in  liryol.  Kiir.  1.  e. 

IIaii.     htoncs  ami  docayi'il  Uv^n  in  woods;  Southern  States. 

7.  0.  Sullivantii,  Sulliv.  riants  more  slciuU'r,  thimier  and 
narrower  tlian  in  the  last  species ;  branches  and  brantlilets  less 
coiii]»resse(l,  lonj^er,  st)nietinies  round  and  lilirorni  at  the  apex: 
leaves  close,  narrowly  ovate-lanceolate,  obtusely  acute,  serrulate 
at  the  a])ex  :  capsule  slendi'r,  subcylindrical,  on  a  reddish  pedi- 
cel;  operculum  loni;  and  narrowly  rostrate;  teeth  closely  artic- 
ulate, vertically  lineate ;  anmdus  iar^e.  —  Mosses  of  U.  Stati'S, 
<'it,  and  Icon.  Muse.  ll'J,  t.  Do.  Xcckera  jSullivunti,  Muell. 
Syn.  ii.  (»;'>.     C.  i/nicilcsccns,  Schitnp.  1.  c. 

IlAii.  Shady  woods,  on  atones  nt;ar  the,  smfaco  of  the  ground,  or  on 
dump  rocks;  Western  North  Carolina  ((rr«//,  8uUixianl)\  along  the  French 
IJroad  lilvor,  Tenncss'  e  (Lcsr/Kcrcitj;);  rare. 

H.  0.  COncinnum,  Schimp.  In  wide  yellowish  pjrcon  tufts; 
stems  erect,  rei^ularly  iiinnate-ramulose:  leaves  Hi)readin;j[,  im- 
bricate when  dry,  broadly  ovate  or  ovjite-oblonu^,  muticous, 
concave,  rellexed  toward  the  base,  incurved  above  :  calyjttra 
descendinijj  to  below  the  base  of  the  capsule,  dimidiate  nearly 
its  whole  k'niifth :  capsule  erect,  short-necked,  cylindrical  ;  lid 
conical,  obtuse  ;  teeth  linear,  jjcrforated  between  the  articuhi- 
tions  ;  sei^ments  cleft,  pale;  annulus  very  narrow.  —  Syn.  515. 
JfypHHiii  conci)inu)ti,  DeNot.  Mant.  n.  18.  C,  3Iontagnei, 
Bruch  &  Schimj).  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  4G5. 

IIab.    Colorado. 

126.  OLIMAOIUM,  Web.  &  Mohr.  (PI.  5.) 
Plants  large,  tree-like,  arising  from  a  subterranean  radiculose 
stem ;  primary  branches  erect,  simjde  below,  fasciculately 
branching  above.  Leaves  of  the  jjrimary  branches  squamiform ; 
those  of  the  divisions  crowded,  erect-spreading,  imbricate  when 
dry,  decurrent,  thinly  costate.  Flowers  dicecious  or  abnormally 
moncDcious;  perichajtial  leaves  long-sheathing.  Fruit  clustered. 
Calyptra  dimidiate,  long,  embracing  the  base  of  the  pedicel. 
Capsule  long-pedicellate,  erect,  cylindrical-oblong.  Operculum 
rostrate.  Teeth  confluent  above  the  orifice  of  the  capsule, 
linear-lanceolate,  closely  articulate ;  segments  arising  from  a 
very  narrow  membrane,  as  long  as  the  teeth,  cleft  between 


km 

■I 


tf^t 


Hill 


r 

i 

1 

1 

1 

■'•'I 

11 


H^ 


f 


314 


BRYACEiE. 


[Climacium. 


the  articulations,  bipartite  when  old.    Annulus  none.     Spores 
very  small. 

1.  0.  dendroides,  Web.  &  Molir.  Leaves  ovate-oblong, 
lanceolate,  concave,  bisulcate,  serrate  at  the  apex,  slightly 
(lecurrent  and  hollowed  at  the  basal  angles,  costate  to  below  the 
ajK'x,  bright  green  and  glossy ;  pericha;tial  leaves  thinner,  more 
loosely  areolate,  entire,  the  inner  sheathing :  capsules  numerous, 
ovate-oblong,  chestnut-color;  lid  rostrate-acuminate,  remaining 
attached  to  the  columella;  teeth  united  into  a  cone  when  daniji, 
incurved  between  the  segments  when  dry :  spores  olive  green.  — 
Iter.  Suec.  00  ;  Bvyol.  Eur.  t.  437.  Ihjimum  ihndroides^  Linn. 
S]».  IM.  112S.  Leskea  demlroidcs,  Iledw.  Spec.  Muse.  228. 
Kcckeni  dendroides,  jMuell.  Syn.  ii.  122. 

IIai!.  Wet  prairies,  borders  of  dilches,  etc.;  very  common  in  Europe, 
rare  in  America.  British  Xmovlax,  {Drvmmond)',  Fort  Colville  (/.^«(7); 
"White  ^Mountains  {Oakrs)\  Canada  {Macoun)\  Sand  Lake,  New  York 
(C.  11.  Peck). 

2.  0.  Americanum,  Brid.  Closely  allied  to  the  last: 
leaves  long-deeurrent  and  more  broadly  auriculate  at  base, 
coarsely  serrate  above,  round-areolatc  at  the  broad  auricles; 
jiericluetial  leaves  erect,  longer  acuminate :  ca])sule  longer, 
cyrmdrical,  erect  or  slightly  curved ;  operculum  longer  and 
abru}»tly  rostrate;  teeth  longer  and  abrujitly  long-subulate  from 
a  lanceolate  base,  dark  orange. — JNfusc.  Recent.  Supjil.  ii.  45; 
Sulliv.  iVIosses  of  U.  States,  06,  and  Icon.  Muse.  151,  t.  97. 
Keckcra  dendroides^  var.  Aniericcma,  JMuell.  1.  c. 

Il.vn.     Shady  -voods  in  damp  phices  ;  decayed  logs,  roots  of  trees,  etc. 

3.  0.  Ruthenicum,  Lindb.  Mode  of  growth  of  CU- 
macion ;  branches  ])innate  or  bipinnate ;  branchlets  illifonn, 
slender:  leaves  of  the  primary  stems  squamiform,  clasj)ing  the 
stem,  broadly  ovate,  obtuse,  apiculate,  very  entire,  strongly 
costate  or  ecostate ;  branch-leaves  lanceolate  from  an  enlarged 
base,  serrate  from  below  the  middle  ;  costa  thick,  dark,  dentate 
at  the  ai)ex ;  perichfctial  leaves  broadly  ovate  at  base,  long- 
cuspidate,  with  borders  undulate  or  erose  above:  capsule  cernu- 
ous  and  horizontal,  oblong-cylindrical,  arcuate,  inflated  at  the 
neck ;  ])edicel  comparatively  short,  reddish ;  operculum  broad, 
long-conical,  acute ;  teeth  broadly  lanceolate,  hyaline-margined  ; 
segments  Itroad,  as  long  as  the  teeth,  cleft  between  the  articula- 
tions.—  Act.  Soc.  Fenn.  x.  248;  Sulliv.  Icon.  Muse.  Suppl.  77, 


:-^-V 


Orthothccium.] 


BRYACEiE. 


315 


t.  58.     Jli/jjnum  liuthenicum,  Wciniu.  Bull.  Soc.  Mosc.  xviii. 
2.  485. 
IlAB.    Sitka  {liischoff). 

127.  ORTHOTHEOIUM,  Brueh  &  Schimp. 
Plants  cither  small,  ])rostnito  and  diversely  brandling  and 
raniulose,  or  large  and  fastigiately  ramose  with  few  branches 
and  branchlets.  Leaves  8-ranked,  close,  subsecund  or  erect- 
Rj)reading,  more  or  less  densely  imbricate  when  dry,  long- 
lanceolate,  narrowly  acuminate,  very  entire,  ecostate ;  peri- 
chastium  loosely  vaginate.  Flowers  dia-cious  Caly])tra  very 
small,  fugacious.  Cai>sule  long-i)edicellate,  suberect,  oval  or 
ol->long,  stniight  or  slightly  incurved.  Oi)erculuni  short- rostrate 
from  a  convex  base.  Teeth  of  the  peristome  narrowly  lanceo- 
late, subulate,  yellowish,  hyaline,  distantly  articulate  ;  segments 
linear,  narrow,  as  long  as  or  longer  than  the  teeth ;  intermediate 
cilia  short  or  none.     Annulus  large. 

1.  O.  rufescens,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Plants  tall,  in  soft 
irregular  reddish  yellow  tufts;  stems  with  dichotomous  branches 
and  few  branchlets  :  leaves  erect-open  and  subsecund,  lanceolate, 
long  and  narrowly  acuminate,  sulcate :  capsule  yellowish  brown  ; 
membrane  and  intermediate  cilia  short.  —  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  4G9. 
JIt/ptium  rufescens,  Dicks.  Crypt.  P^isc.  iii.  9,  t.  8.  Xes/cea 
rufescens,  Schwaegr.  Su[)j)l.  i.  'J!.  17<^,  t.  8G.  ^tei'eodon  rrtfes- 
cens,  Mitten,  Journ.  Linn.  Soc.  viii.  40. 

Had.    Wet  rocks,  Davis  Strait  (Taylor). 

Althoujili  No.  221  of  Drummond  is  roportod  to  be  this  spocios,  we  can- 
not find  in  four  sets  of  Ills  rolloction  a  spccinuMi  aj^roeingwitli  Scliimper's 
desc'iplion  of  tli(>  Kuropi^au  form.     All  appear  referable  to  O.  chri/scnin, 

2.  O.  rubellum.  Branches  erect,  with  few  branchlets:  leaves 
ovate,  concave,  with  a  flexuous  apex,  revolute  on  the  borders, 
very  shortly  bicostate;  cells  long,  the  alar  indistinct;  ])ericha3tial 
leaves  ovate-lanceoLate.  —  Stereodon  ri(helh(s,  ]\[itten,  1.  c. 

Had.  Davis  Straits  {Tnylnr).  Also  in  tlie  Rooky  Mountains  {Drum- 
7nond),  according  to  Mitten,  mixed  witli  Cntoscopium.  nh/rifuin  (n.  53). 

A  small  moss,  with  tho  liabit,  appearance,  and  color  of  O.  infyirotnm, 
Rrucli  it  Sciiimp..  but  differing  in  its  almost  exactly  ovate  leaves,  with  a 
short  sometimes  discolored  apicuhis,  the  margins  revolute,  and  the  areo- 
lation  composed  of  cells  w!.>ich  are  twice  as  wide.  —  (Mitten.) 


316 


liRYACEiE. 


[Orthothecium. 


3.  O.  chryseum,  Bruch  &  Sehirap.  Tufts  golden  glossy 
yellow  ;  steins  erect,  snn])le  or  2-3-]»Mrte(l :  leaves  strict,  lanceo- 
late and  ovate-lanceolate,  apiculate,  concave,  deejily  plicate : 
cajisule  subcernuous,  ovate-oblong;  lid  convex,  apiculato  ;  inner 
membrane  very  large,  ascending  to  the  middle  of  the  teeth ; 
segments  carinate,  entire  ;  cilia  irregular  and  nodose.  '  IJryol. 
Eur.  t.  401.  ILj2^num  cJiryseon^  Schwaegr. ;  jMuell.  Syn.  ii. 
385.  //.  I'vfescens,  Drumm.  Muse.  Araer.  n.  221.  jStcreodoii 
chri/seus,  Mitten,  1.  c.  31). 

IIah.  Moist  rocks  among  the  Kocky  Mountains  of  British  America 
{Drumtnond,  Bouryeau),  and  Arctic  America. 


-t^ 


fe. -'^ 


Tkiije  XXIII.    IIYPNE^. 

Plants  very  variable  in  size,  appearance,  ramification,  <'  ,, 
densely  or  loosely  cesi)itose.  Leaves  either  turned  in  all  direc- 
tions, oj)en  or  squarrose,  or  complanate,  or  secund,  or  falcate- 
secund,  of  multi})le  forms,  round  to  narrowly  lanceolate,  costate 
or  ecostate,  subscarious,  generally  soft  and  glossy;  areolation 
parenchymatous,  the  meshes  narrowly  rhomboidal,  linear  or 
vermicular,  quadrate  and  often  enlarged  at  the  basal  angles. 
Flowers  monoecious  or  di(ccious,  very  rarely  bisexual.  Capsule 
solid,  long-pedicellate,  cernuous  or  horizontal,  more  or  less 
incurved,  not  pendent,  .and  very  rarely  erect  and  regular. 
Peristome  double,  perfect,  the  outer  of  10  strong  densely 
articulate  lanceolate-acuminate  teeth,  the  inner  a  broad  mem- 
brane divided  to  the  middle  or  about  into  10  carinate  yellow 
segments,  which  are  more  distantly  articulate,  entire,  or  cleft 
alons  the  keel  between  the  articulations  or  even  their  whole 
length,  and  generally  separated  by  1  to  3  articulate  or  aj)]  en- 
diculate  cilia. 

128.  HYPNUM,  Dill. 

A  single  polymorphous  genus,  divided  into  numerous  section :, 
or  subgenera,  most  of  which  have  been  considered  by  some 
authors  as  genera. 


nypnum.] 


BRYACE^. 


317 


Key  to  the  Subgenera. 

A.  Plants  piunately  divided. 

*  Leaves  papillose;  parapliyllia  luore  or  less  numerous. 

1.  Pseudoleskea.     Branches  long  and  slender,  irregularly  pinnately 

raiuulose.  Loaves  open-erect;  areolation  compacL,  puncliiorm. 
Capsule  subcernuous;  cilia  slender  or  none. 

2.  Heterocladium.      stems     divaricate    and    piimately   ramulose. 

Leaves  spreading  or  recurved,  those  of  the  pericluelium  squar- 
rose;  cells  punctulate,  the  medial  elongated-oval.  Capsule  hori- 
zontally curved. 

3.  Thuidium.     Stem  regularly  pinnately  ramose  and  ramulose.    Stem- 

leaves  smaller;  costa  translucent.  Capsule  cernuous*  operculum 
conic-rostrate. 

*  »  Leaves  papillose;  parapliyllia  none. 

4.  Claopodium,     Stems  in  compact  tufts,  irregularly  pinnate-ramu- 

loso.  Leaves  open-erect,  donticvUate;  cells  small,  oval-fusiform. 
Capsule  turgid,  abruptly  bent  down  at  the  base  of  the  collum. 

*  *  »  Leaves  smooth ;  parapliyllia  present. 

5.  Blodium.     Uranches  long,   piiiiiatoly  ramulose.     Loaves  striate; 

areolation  loose,  rhomboidal,  uniform.     Capsule  large,  cernuous. 

#  *  *  #  Leaves  smooth,  bicostato;  parapliyllia  none. 

6.  Tripterocladium.    Stems  compressed  and  branches  attenuated, 

irrogularly  pinnate.  Loaves  oroct-sproading;  colls  elliptical,  tho 
alar  quadrate.  Capsule  cylindrical,  cernuous;  cilia  solitary^ 
slender. 

B.  Plants  variously  divided.     Leaves  smooth,  simply  costate  (or  bicostato 

in  n.  12  and  ID). 

#  Capsule  large;  lid  conical,  acuminate. 

7.  Camptothecium.     Stem  densely  subpinnatoly  ramulose.     Leaves 

plicate;  areolation  very  narrow,  linear,  very  small,  square  or 
puuctiform  at  the  base  and  angles. 

8.  Brach3rtheciuin.     Plants  largo,  prostrate,  irregularly  divided,  tho 

branches  erect.  Leaves  costate  to  tho  middle  or  above;  areolation 
loose,  elongated-rhomboidai,  enhirgod  at  the  base  ami  angles. 

9.  Scleropodium.     Plants  densely  cespitoso,  iriogulurly  branching. 

Ijoavos  serridate;  areolation  short  and  narrow,  vermicidar,  en- 
larged and  pellucid  at  the  decurrent  angles. 

10.  Isothecium.  Primary  branches  dendroid;  branchl(>ts  stolonif- 
erous  or  llagolJate.  Loaves  smooth  or  slightly  papillose  on  tho 
back;  areolation  very  narrow,  linear,  puuctiform  at  the  angles. 
Capside  oblong,  suberoct  or  cernuous;  cilia  short. 

»  *  Capsule  horizontally  inclined;  lid  rostrate. 

n.  Eurhynchium.  Plants  pinnately  ramulose.  Leaves  cordate, 
th'current,  serrate;  areolation  rhomboidal-oval.  Capsule  turgid- 
oval. 

12.  Raphidostegium.  Plants  small;  stems  prostrate  and  com- 
pressed. Leaves  ecostato  or  shortly  bicostato;  areolation  minute, 
linear,  floxuous,  the  basilar  cells  very  few  and  inflated.  Capsule 
suberoct  or  cernuous. 


lil..  I'i 


PI 


m'W\' 


t,i 


318 


BRYACEiE. 


[TTijpnum, 


13.  Rhynchostegium.      Stems  more  or  less  compressed.      Lcav(!3 

nearly  entire,  simply  costate,  rarely  shortly  bicostate;  areolation 
rhomboidal,  somewhat  loose,  enlarged  at  base, 

14.  Thamnium.     I'lants  large,  dendroid;   stem  woody.    Stem-lcavi.'s 

searious;  braneh-leaves  strongly  dentate;  cells  minute,  round- 
oval,  the  basilar  longer.    Capsules  clustered. 

C.  Plants  variously  divil^'d.    Capsules  cernuous,  rarely  suberect;  oper- 
culum conic  or  rostrate. 

♦  Leaves  thin,  glossy,  open,  erect  or  spreading. 

15.  Plagiothecium.      Branches    few,    mostly    simple,    complanato. 

Leaves  slightly  unsymmetrical  at  base;  costa  none,  or  double 
and  very  short;  areolation  rhomboidal-elongaled,  little  enlarged 
at  base.     Capsule  suberect;  operculum  conic  or  rostrate. 

10.  Amblystegium.  Stem  creeping  and  widely  spreading.  Leaves 
mostly  entire,  opaque  or  glossy;  costa  simple,  rarely  none;  areo- 
lation distinct,  rliomboidal.  Capsule  cylindrical-oblong;  lid 
conical. 

17.  Campylium..     Stem  irregularly  divided  with  pinnate  or  fastigiate 

branches.  Leaves  spreading,  subsquarrose ;  costa  short  or  none; 
areolation  minute,  llexuous. 

*  *  Leaves  falcate-secund,  of  solid  membranous  texture. 

18.  Harpidium.    Stems  pinnately  ramulose.    Leaves  simply  costate 

to  the  apex;  areolation  very  narrow,  linear,  much  inllated  at  the 
concave  basilar  angles. 

19.  Cratoneurum.     Stems  prostrate;   branches  erect,  rigid,  villous, 

pinnate.  Leaves  simply  and  strongly  costate;  areolation  dense, 
linear,  oblong  at  the  enlarged  base  and  decurrent  angles.  Cap- 
sule cylindrical,  cernuous. 

20.  Rhytidium.     Stems  large,  prostrate,  irregularly  pinnate  with  short 

subuncinate  branehlots.  Leaves  seound  and  suhfalcatc,  midu- 
late-rugose;  areolation  compact,  linear.  Capsule  cylindrical, 
arcuate. 

21.  Otenium.     Branches  in  compact  tufts,  pinnately  ramulose.    Loaves 

hamate  and  circinnate-secnnd.     Capsule  cylindrical. 

22.  Ctenidium.     Plants  cespitose;  branches  erect,  appressed,  regularly 

pinnately  ranuilose.  Leaves  soft,  circinnate-secund.  Capsule 
short,  cernuous,  solid. 

23.  Hypnum,  proper.     Plants  variously  divided;  branches  more  or  loss 

densely  pinnately  ramulose.  Leaves  obscurely  bicostate,  moin- 
branous,  shining;  areolation  compact,  narrowly  rhomljoidal. 
distinctly  quaJi-ate  at  the  angles.  Capsule  oblong,  erect-cer- 
nuous. 

«  *  »  Leaves  more  or  less  closely  imbricate,  round  or  oblong,  obtuse  or 

pointed,  deeply  concave. 

24.  Limnobium.     Plants  prostrate,   irregularly  branching.      Leaves 

slightly  unequal  at  the  clasping  and  decurrent  base,  simply  cos- 
tate or  obscurely  bicostate.  Capsule  short,  turgid-ovate,  cer- 
nuous. 

25.  Calliergon.    Stem  erect,  with  few  terete  turgid  branches.    Leaves 

very  concave,  membranous;  areolation  very  compact,  narrow, 
enlarged-(iuadrate  at  the  angles.  Capsule  oblong,  horizontally 
curved. 


^■wmw 


Ilypnum.] 


BRYACE^E. 


319 


«  *  *  #  Plants  very  largo.    Leaves  turgul,  rugulose. 

20.  Scorpidium.  Stems  inogularly  divided.  Leaves  large,  lanceo- 
late-acuimnate  or  broadly  oblong  and  acute  or  obtuse;  areolatioa 
very  close  and  narrow;  basal  cells  numerous,  <iuadrale.  Capsule 
cylindrical,  arched. 

D.  Plants  large;  divisions  arcuate,  ascending  or  proliferous;  paraphyllia 

numerous. 

27.  Pleurozium.    Stem  arcuate,  prostrate  and  proliferous;  brandies 

bi-triiiiiniate.  Leaves  membranous,  shining,  shortly  bieostate  or 
semicostate;  areolation  linear,  narrow,  uniform.  Capsule  round- 
ovate. 

28.  Hylocomium.     Stems  with   few  branches,   pinnately  fastigiate- 

ranuilose.  Leaves  squarrose  or  rellexed,  shortly  bieostate;  areo- 
lation linear,  narrow,  somewhat  enlarged  at  base.  Capsule  short, 
turgid,  horizontal. 

Subgenus  I.     PSEUDOLESKEA.     (PI.  G.) 

Mode  of  growth  aiul  arrangement  of  the  leaves  and  para- 
j)hyllia  as  m  JLeskea.  Ca})siile  oernuous  or  horizont:il,  sliort, 
turgid,  thk'k-walled.  Teeth  of  the  peristome  solid;  nioiubrano 
large ;  segments  as  long  as  the  teeth,  regular,  carinate,  cleft 
between  the  articulations,  generally  separated  by  more  or  less 
perfect  cilia.  —  Pseicdoleskeu,  Brucli  &  Schimp. 

1.  H.  atrovirens,  Dicks.  Densely  cesjdtose,  dark  green; 
stem  much  divided  and  subpii' uitely  ramulose ;  branchlets 
ilexuous:  leaves  minutely  pa])illose,  open  or  subsecund,  lanceo- 
late from  an  ovnte  base,  concave,  entire,  the  l)orders  recurved ; 
costa  stout,  vanishing  below  the  ajtex;  para])hyllia  numerous 
and  multiform:  capsule  cernuous  or  horizontal,  oval  or  oblong, 
more  or  less  turgid,  dark  brown,  constricted  under  the  orifice 
when  dry  and  emj)ty ;  pedicel  smooth,  curved  above ;  oiicrculiua 
convex-conical,  acute  or  a))iculate ;  cilia  none;  aniiulus  very 
narroAv,  simple.  —  Crypt.  Fasc.  ii.  10  ;  Smith,  Engl.  Hot.  t.  '.U2'J. 
ir.  Jilamentosum^  Dicks.  1.  c.  l^seudoleskea  atroi'irens,  liruch 
tt  Schimp.  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  477. 

ILvn.  On  rocks;  Niagara  Falls  and  Lake  Superior  (Macoun);  Lake 
Huron  (Mrs.  Jiofj)',  very  rare,  and  sterile. 

-.  H.  catenulatum,  Brid.  Mode  of  growth  as  in  the  last ; 
leaves  very  small,  spreading  when  moist,  closely  imbricate  when 
dry,  lanceolate  from  an  ovate  base ;  borders  recurved  fi-om  the 
middle  downward;  costa  flat,  vanishing  in  the  middle;  cells 
small,  oval,  uniformly  oblique   at   base ;    paraphyllia  filiform, 


^ 


i.it 


mi' 


it  J'J 


I'l'itU 


320 


BRYACE^. 


[ITypnum. 


simple  or  branching:  perichfctium  wliitish,  the  inner  leaves 
narrowly  acuminate,  costate:  capsule  cernuous  or  subarcuato, 
oblong;  operculum  rostrate,  yellow;  segments  entire,  sei)arato(l 
by  one  or  two  thin  cilia;  annulus  compound,  broad.  —  Muse. 
Recent.  Suppl.  ii.  154.  PseudoJeakea  catennhda,  IJruch  & 
Schimp.  Jlryol.  Eur.  t.  478.     Leskea  catenulata.,  Lindl). 

Il-vn.  Mount  Ingleborougli,  New  York  {Nowdl,  fide  Scliiinper  in  Syn. 
C(l.  2,  (505). 

We  liave  never  seen  an  American  specimen  of  this  moss,  nor  can  wc 
find  trace  of  the  locality  given  l)y  Schimper. 

n.  H.  radicosum,  Mitt.  Dioecious :  plants  intricately  ces- 
piiose :  leaves  spreading,  loosely  intricate,  subsecund  at  the 
n]iex:  of  the  branches,  ovate-lanceolate,  acuminate,  concave; 
costa  ])ercurrejit ;  borders  retlexed,  serrulate  at  the  apex;  bas- 
ilar cells  narrow,  round-(piadrate,  the  u])per  oblong,  soft ;  ])ara- 
phyllia  lanceolate;  pericluetial  leaves  large,  erect,  convolute, 
oval,  lanceolate-acuminate,  the  outer  ecostate,  the  inner  thinly 
costate  to  the  middle,  serrulate  at  the  apev.  —  Journ.  Tjnn.  Hoc. 
viii.  .'J I.  II.  teiiu.i\  ])rumm.  Muse.  Amer.  n.  2'J5,  not  Ifedw. 
Jf.  r  oif/est'/tt),  Wiis.  Ms.,  and  PseudolcsJcea  co)i(jest<(,  IJruch 
&  Scldmj).  in  IJryol.  Eur.  jPsendoleskea,  2. 

Var,  gracilis.  I'lants  smaller:  leaves  narrower,  longer 
acuminate:  capsule  inclined  ;  peristome  less  perfect. —  Leskea 
ri(/e<ci'ns,  Wils.  Ms.,  referred  to  Lescnrca  by  Druch  it  Schimp. 
in  liryol.  P]ur.  under  that  genus.  Pseiidoleskea  ri(jesce)is^  Lindb. 
Act.  Soc.  Fenn.  x.  247. 

II An.  IJanks  of  Portage  River,  British  America,  on  roots  of  trees  near 
the  ground,  and  the  variety  in  dryer  situations,  on  branches  of  trees 
(JJruDimond,  n.  225). 

Sullivaiit  examined  all  the  specimens  given  under  the  above  number 
from  four  dilTerent  sets  of  Drummond's  first  collection.  lie  remarks, 
in  a  note,  that  the  species  varies  according  to  habitat.  Growing  on  the 
roots  of  trees  near  the  ground,  it  is  more  robust  and  condens<Hl ;  in  dryer 
situations  on  the  branches  of  trees,  it  is  more  slender  and  lax.  Of  the 
first  form  are  Mitten's  specimens,  which  are  sterile  and  incomplete;  of 
the  second  are  the  specimens  of  three  sets  from  which  Wilson  made  his 
Leskea  rijcucens. 

SuRGExus  IT.    IIETEROCLADIUM. 

Stem  vaguely  ])innate  and  ramulose.  Stem-leaves  cordate- 
ovate,  lanceolate,  obscurely  short-bicostate,  open  or  subsquar- 
rose,  smooth  or  minutely  papillose  ;  medial  areolation  narrowly 


Uypnum.] 


BRYACE^. 


321 


oval,  the  alar  quadrate  or  transversely  oval,  not  enlarged ; 
branch-leaves  much  smaller,  ovate-acuminate,  all  minutely  ser- 
rulate ;  parapliyllia  few,  leaf-like.  Capsule  oval  or  oblong, 
curved.  Peristome  large  ;  cilia  2  or  3.  —  Jleterocladinm,  Bruch 
&  Scliimp. 

4.  H.  dimorphum,  Brid.  Di(ccious :  j)Iants  loosely  ces- 
pitose,  entwining,  rigid,  yellowish  green  :  stem-leaves  ovate- 
lanceolate,  long-acuminate,  broadly  cordate  and  decurrent  at 
base,  curved  back  from  the  middle  ;  costa  very  obscure,  short 
and  geminate  ;  branch-leaves  suberect,  ovate,  conca\ c,  obtuse, 
imbricate;  ])araphyllia  few  and  small,  filiform  or  oval,  ciliate; 
pericha-tial  leaves  long,  ecostate,  reflexed  from  the  mi<ldle, 
v.'liitish :  ca])sule  oblong,  incurved  or  horizontally  inclined, 
sliijhtlv  constricted  under  the  orifice  :  lid  short,  conical-obtuse. 
—  Muse.  IJecent.  Suj)pl.  ii.  149.  Ileterocladiiun  diniorp/mm^ 
Bruch  it  Schimj).  Bryol.  Yaw.  t.  479. 

IlAij.     White  Mountiiins  and  Nova  Scotia  (James). 

r>.  H.  prOCUrrens.  Did'cious:  plants  yellowish  green; 
stems  arcuate,  ])rocumbent;  branches  irregidarly  pinnate  or 
bipinnate :  stem-leaves  divergent,  comi)ressed,  gradually  nar- 
rowed to  a  iiliform  ])oint,  minutely  serrulate  on  the  borders, 
with  two  unequal  costai  vanishing  in  the  middle;  areolation 
elongated  in  the  michlle  of  the  leaves,  oblong  on  the  margins 
and  toward  the  ajiex,  all  smooth  and  pellucid  ;  branch-leaves 
unequilateral,  obtuse;  the  perichajtial  broadly  ovate,  convolute 
at  the  bas€%  spreading  at  the  apex :  capsule  oval,  horizontal, 
long-pedicellate.  —  Pteroooiiiurn  procurrens^  Mitten,  Journ. 
Linn.  Soc.  viii.  37,  t.  7. 

IIab.     British  America  (Drummond). 

Of  looser  habit  than  the  last.     Pedicel  an  inch  long. 

Subgenus  III.     TIIUIDIUM.     (PI.  6.) 

Primary  stems  densely  rooting,  the  secondary  1-3-j/mnately 
ramulose.  Stem-leaves  larger,  decurrent,  cordate-triangidar, 
more  or  less  long-acmninate,  strongly  costate,  ])ai)illate  on  the 
lower  face  or  on  both ;  paraphyllia  numerous  and  nudtiform ; 
branch-leaves  smaller,  ovate-lanceolate,  concave,  imbricate ; 
areolation    small,   round-hexagonal,   sometimes    long-linear   at 


t 


1       i: 


it 


'^I'SlI 


li- 


;.1  S' 


7^ 


y^ 


322 


biiyacej:. 


[Uupnum. 


base  and  quadrate  on  tlie  borders.  Flowers  moncrcious  or 
dicecious;  |iericlia:'tiiim  \o\\<f^  imbricate.  Calyptra  coverino'  the 
caj)siile  to  tlie  middle  or  lower,  C:i])sule  long-i)edicell;it(', 
narrowly  ovate  or  cylindrical,  incurved  or  arcuate.  0])ercuImii 
conical,  or  more  or  less  long-rostrate.  —  IVuiidlum,  Schimj). 

*  Plants  7rnnute,  doubli/ pinnate:  areolation  round-hexagonnl 
and'unii''  rni:  capside  horizontal ;  lid  subulate-rostrate :  Jlov. 
era  monacious. 

0.  H.  minutulum,  Iledw.  Stem  papillose-tomentoso,  ir- 
regularly divided ;  branches  pinnately  ramulose :  stem-leavis 
more  distant,  deltoid,  acuminate  or  apiculate,  opaque,  subre vo- 
lute on  the  borders;  costa  stout,  vanislung  near  the  aj)ex ; 
branch-leaves  ovate-acuminate,  concave,  Avith  shorter  cost:i ; 
leaves  and  paraphyllia  very  papillose  ;  jiericha'tial  leaves  thinner, 
nearly  smooth,  the  inner  lanceolate-acuminate,  with  the  long 
acumen  more  or  less  rellexed :  ca])sule  ovate-oblong,  cernuous 
or  horizontal,  on  a  long  smooth  pedicel,  dark  yellow,  brown 
when  old  ;  amiulus  large,  compound.  —  Muse.  Frond,  iv.  DO,  t.  )i4. 
Tliuidiuin  nrinntidum,  Brucli  &  Schimp.  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  481. 
ILvu.     Decaying  irniiks  and  roots  of  trees,  in  wo<jds. 

7.  H.  pygmSBUin,  Sulliv.  &  Lesq.  Plants  dirty  green; 
stem  bi])innate,  papillose;  branches  and  branchlets  sliort,  very 
slender:  stem-leaves  much  larger,  distant,  In'oadly  deltoid,  long 
and  narrowly  acuminate,  subdecurrent,  spreading;  branch-leaves 
ovate-lanceolate,  open-erect,  opaque,  densely  papillose  and  pa- 
pillose-crenulate  on  the  borders;  costa  stout,  pellucid,  vanishing 
below  the  a])ex ;  paraphyllia  very  few  or  none;  perichietial 
leaves  nearly  smooth,  with  a  long  loose  areohition,  the  iimcr 
sheathing,  all  erect,  lanceolate,  narrowly  acuminate,  costate, 
slig'.tly  serrulate  above:  capsule  long-pedicellate,  oblong,  ar- 
cuate, unequilateral,  broad-mouthed ;  teeth  flexuous,  iiliform  at 
the  apex;  segments  as  long  as  the  teeth;  cilia  three,  short; 
annulus  large.  —  Mosses  of  U.  States,  G7,  and  Icon.  Muse.  ir)o, 
t.  98.  Thuidium  pygmcBum^  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Bryol.  Eur. 
IViuidium,  G. 

II  An.  Limestone  rocks,  in  thin  close  mats,  in  shaded  ravines,  Central 
Oliio;  rare. 

Distinct  from  the  last  in  its  smaller  size,  papillose  stems,  bipinnate 
ramification,  narrower  branch-leaves,  and  the  absence  of  paraphyllia. 


Uypmim.] 


miYACE^. 


323 


♦  *  Moi'e  of  (ji'oiHh  as  in  the  precedinr/ :  capnule  o/luiclncal , 
operculum  conicul  or  short-rostrate. 

8.  H.  SCitum,  ncauv.  IM.uits  in  aiiprcssed  sjjreen  or  yollow- 
isli  brown  tnfts;  stems  l<^nt;,  jtrostrate,  li-i]-j)artite,  densely  pin- 
natt'ly  raniuloso;  hranflilcts  short  and  slender:  stem-leaves 
broadly  deltoid,  cordate,  acuminate,  those  of  tiie  branches 
smaller,  cordate-ovate,  shorter-acuminate,  all  concave,  open- 
erect ;  Costa  pellucid,  vanisliini;  above  the  middle;  areolation 
nearly  round,  minute;  j)arai»hyllia  numerous,  nndtiform  ;  inner 
pcricluetial  leaves  lonij-lanceolate,  with  a  lonuj  tiliform  acumina- 
lion,  plicate  lengthwise:  capsule  cylindrical-oblonir,  erect  or 
slightly  curved;  operculum  conical-rostrate,  curved  uj)ward; 
annulus  large.  —  Prodr.  (il);  Sulliv.  Icon.  Muse.  1')"),  t.  09. 
Thuidium.  scitu))),  ^Vust.  Muse.  Appal,  n.  .'{OO.  Ixauia  scita, 
Aust.  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  vii.  UJ. 

Var.  SBStivale.  Inner  pcrich.Ttial  leaves  less  gradually 
pointed:  capsule  subhorizontal,  obovatc,  pale;  pedicel  yellow, 
obscurely  scabrous,  as  in  all  the  group.  —  Thnldunn  scituin,  var. 
cpstit'ale,  Aust.  3Iusc.  Ai)pal.  n.  iiUl.  T.  astivum,  Aust.  Uull. 
Tor.  Club,  V.  23. 

II.vu.  Hoots  and  base  of  trees,  mostly  the  beeoli;  floweii  i  from 
Au,2;ust  to  tlie  end  of  September,  according  to  exposure;  not  coniiiuin. 

This  moss  is  a  T/niidiiim  in  all  i*s  characters.  It  has  been  separated 
by  Aiisliu  into  a  new  genus,  Rd^ila,  on  account  of  its  more  erect  capsule, 
and  the  cilia  in  pairs  instead  of  threes.  Other  allied  species,  as  //.  dltio- 
tiiiUDi,  have  sometimes  two  cilia,  which  are  even  short  and  irregular. 

9.  H.  erectuni.  Stems  very  slender,  covered  with  para- 
phyllia;  branchlets  erect,  nearly  simj)le,  dirty  yellow:  leaves 
densely  imbricate,  hastate,  liincculatc  or  oval-lanceolate,  clasping 
at  base,  narrowed  to  a  long  pellucid  |)oint ;  costa  broad,  vanish- 
ing below  the  apex  ;  cells  of  the  areolation  very  small,  rounded, 
chlorophyllose,  papillose ;  pericha?tial  leaves  narrowly  lanceolate, 
very  long  filiform-acuminate:  capsule  cylindrical  or  ovate-cylin- 
drical, erect,  brown,  on  a  very  slender  smooth  pedicel ;  oper- 
culum yellow,  conical,  long-rostrate,  incurved ;  teeth  pellucid 
and  tuberculate  at  base;  segments  narrow,  gradually  attenuate, 
not  perforated;  basilar  membrane  narrow ;  cilia  none. —  77iu- 
idium  erertum.,  Duby,  Regensb.  Flora,  Iviii.  '284  (1875). 

IIab.     Florida  {Chapman,  in  Herb.  Delessert). 

Besides  the  long  pellucid  point  of  the  leaves,  the  essential  character 
which  separates  this  species  from  //.  scituiii  is  the  absence  of  cilia. 


^wim 

-^ 


''S^  * 


324 


BRYACEyE. 


[riypnum. 


-.  I      i   5,1 1>    Is  ; 


iy\ 


II   W} 


II  'ivr 


f- 


10.  H.  gracile,  Brucli  &  Schimp.  Much  like  //  scilum, 
dift'criiiijf  in  the  stems  more  diffusely  divided,  the  leaves  loutrcr 
acuminate,  dentate-serrate  above,  the  cai)sule  short-necked, 
turj^id,  oval-oblong,  eernuous  or  nearly  horizontal  witii  a  broad 
orillee,  the  short  conical  or  mamillate  lid,  and  the  segments 
8cj)arated  by  three  long  cilia.  —  Lond.  Journ.  liot.  ii.  (JUS 
(1848);  Sulliv.  Muse.  AUegh.  n.  f),  and  Icon.  Muse.  150,  t.  lUO. 
JL  microp/ii/llum,  Muhl.  Cat.  Thiddium  graciky  Bruch  & 
Schimp.  1.  c.  5 ;  Lindb.  Faun.  Flor.  Feini.  ix.  208. 

Var.  Lancastriense,  Sulliv.  &  Lesq.  Leaves  shorter, 
appresscd,  more  distinctly  serrate  at  the  apex ;  perieluetium 
greenish:  capsule  smaller  and  narrower;  operculum  longer. — 
Muse.  Bor.-Amer.  Exsicc.  n.  278. 

Var.  Ravenellii,  Sulliv.  &  Lesq.  1.  c,  n.  279.  Plants 
smaller,  slender:  leaves  flat  on  the  borders,  with  d(  nsc  nreohi- 
tion  :  ])edieel  shorter,  curved  ;  cilia  appendiculate ;  lid  longer. 

Hah,  On  dociyeil  logs  in  woods;  the  first  variety  in  less  hiiiniil  situa- 
tions, on  roots  of  trees  in  dry  hilly  regions;  the  second  on  stone,  biiclc 
walls,  etc.     South  Carolina  and  Florida. 

This  species  is  extremely  variable  according  to  its  location.  //.  pnllem*, 
Lindb.  Ms.  (Schimp.  Syn,  ed.  2,  611),  differs  from  the  normal  form  of 
U.  r/racUc  merely  in  the  narrower  and  longer-pointed  leaves,  tliose  of  the 
branchlots  more  papillose  and  sharply  serrate  at  the  apex.  //.  vurinin,  in 
Drummond's  second  collection  (n.  140,  141),  found  near  St.  Louis,  is  inter- 
mediate between  this  form  and  tlie  typical  one,  and  distinct  from  both 
In  its  nearly  smooth  leaves.  //.  Virriininninn,  IJiid.  Bryol.  Univ.  ii.  r>76 
(Dill.  Muse.  282,  t.  36,  fig.  18.  Thuidium  Viniinianum,  Lindb.  Muse. 
Scand.  36),  is  recognized  by  Lindberg  as  identical  with  the  var.  Lan- 
castrietiKC. 

11.  H.  calyptratum,  Sulliv.  Plants  very  small;  stems 
creeping,  filiform,  simjdy  pinnate,  flagelliform  at  the  ajiex : 
leaves  open-erect,  broadly  ovate,  narrowly  long-acuminate, 
denticidate  to  the  middle ;  borders  recurved  toward  the  base ; 
costa  percurrent :  areolation  minute,  subquadrate :  calyptra  very 
long,  cuculliform,  descending  below  the  base  of  the  capsule, 
persistent :  capsule  long-pedicelled,  cylindrical,  oblique,  slightly 
curved  ;  operculum  conical,  obtuse ;  segments  cleft  between  the 
articulations,  separated  by  single  short  cilia ;  annulus  none.  — 
Pacif.  R.  Ptep.  iv.  190,  t.  10. 

IlAB.     Near  liOS  Angeles,  California,  on  the  ground  {Birfclow). 

The  long  calyptra,  the  absence  of  the  annulus,  and  the  segments  cleft 
and  separated  by  solitary  cilia,  especially  separate  this  species  from  the 
preceding. 


Ilijpnum.] 


BRYACE^.. 


325 


♦  *  *  Plants  of  fne  and  larrje  growth^  crccpinf/,  'l-o-jnn- 
udtcli/  rauuilosc:  capsule  loxfj-cylindrkal^  erectj  incurved  or 
arcuate :  Jfowcrs  duccious. 

VI.  H.  tamariscinum,  Ilcdw.  Stems  strong,'  and  vt'i-y 
loriL,',  iiltcniiilt'ly  archofl  and  attaclu'd  to  the  i,n-(miid  by  l)midk'H 
of  rootlets:  stt'in-lcavc's  hroadiv  deltoid,  siiheoidate  at  tlu'  coti- 
cave  siil)i)licate  base,  abruptly  and  narrowly  laneeolate-acuniinato, 
papillose  on  both  sides,  revolute  and  erennlate  on  the  borders, 
irnunlarly  serrulate  at  the  apex  ;  braneh-leaves  ovate-laneeolate, 
cr.ncave,  briijfht  <,MX'en  wlieu  youn^,  ochreous  or  rechlish  brown 
when  old;  ajtieal  cells  siinjjle,  o\al,  projeetin;^' ;  jierieluL'tial 
leaves  lonu:eiliat(!  l>elow,  the  inner  with  a  loni;  tlexuoiis  and 
flag'elliforin  jioint  ;  the  cilia  lilit'orni,  simple  or  branehed  :  eapsulo 
en  a  lonj^  dark  j)ur]tle  pe<licel ;  opercuhnn  uniform  in  color; 
annuhis  none.  —  Spec.  Muse.  '2G1,  excl.  syn.,  t.  U7.  Tknidiuhi 
tiDiiarlsrunnn^  IJrnch  &  Schlnip.  IJryol.  Eur.  t.  482,  and  483. 
T.  tamarhcifoliuniy  Liudb.  Faun.  Flor.  Fenn.  xiv.  415,  t.  1, 
fig.  7. 

IIau.     Mountain  districts,  on  the  ground.     Fructifies  in  winter. 

lij.  H.  reCOgnitum,  Iledw.  Pla'.its  more  slender,  more 
densely  and  widely  cespitose,  bipinnately  raninlose;  branchlets 
shorter:  stem-leaves  more  densely  crowded,  more  enlai'ged  at 
base;  brancli-lcaves  broadly  ovate,  concave  at  base,  acuminate, 
sharply  serrulate  ;  ajdcal  cells  cylindrical,  truncate  and  crowned 
by  two  or  throe  acute  ])a]till;e;  inner  |)ericlia'tial  leaves  ovate- 
lanceolate,  gradually  narrowed  into  a  long  filiform  serrate  lori- 
cate point,  not  ciliate  on  the  borders:  c.  )sule  smaller ;  operculum 
shorter-rostrate;  annnlus  large,  distinct,  deciduous.  —  Muse. 
Frond,  iv.  92,  t.  35.  Thuidhon  de/icatuhon,  IJruch  &  Schimp. 
Bryol.  Eur.  t.  484.     7\  recor/nitu77i,  Lindb.  1.  c.  41G,  t.  1,  iig.  1). 

IIab.  On  the  groimd,  roots  of  trees,  rocks,  etc. ;  very  common.  P'ruit- 
ing  in  June. 

14.  H.  delicatulum,  Linn.  Mode  of  growth,  color,  rami- 
fication, form  of  tlie  leaves,  etc.,  as  in  the  last.  It  has  also  tlie 
same  kind  of  apical  cells  in  the  branch-leaves,  but  the  perichaj- 
tial  leaves  are  like  those  of  II.  taynnriscinwn^  very  long-ciliatc ; 
the  operculum  is  more  slender  and  long-rostrate,  and  the  annnlus 
is  narrower  than  in  II.  recofpdtwn^  but  more  distinct  than  in 
11.  tamariscinum.  —  Spec.  PI.  1125,  in  ]»art  (the  x\merican 
plant) ;    Iledw.  Muse.  Frond,  iv.  87,  t.  33.      //.  proliferum, 


^ 


i- 


I     1 


82G 


liRYACK^. 


[Hypni 


iin. 


I    ) 


.    fTTTi" 


•f 


f 


Drumin.  Muse.  Amor.  n.  130.  JI.  kimarisci/iam,  Sulliv.  Si 
lii's<j.  Muse.  iJor.-Aiiier.  Exsicc.  u.  '21*2.  TUnidiain  ddicalaluiHy 
Milt.  Joiini.  Liim.  Soc.  xii.  57H ;  Lindb.  1.  c,  fig.  y. 

II  All.     Same  us  the  preceding. 

From  tlie  olj.seiViHioiis  of  Lindlx'ry  tliere  has  hccn  a  confusion  of  tlio 
Hpt'cii's  of  this  f^roup.  The  ln:e  11.  laiudrixclanm  has  not  brcii  found  in 
Norlli  Anu'rioa,  or  is  here  very  rare,  and  liic  sijeciincns  dislrihutcd  iiinicr 
tills  name  In  .Sulliv.  .Muse.  AIle;,'h.  and  .Sulliv.  iV-  Les(|.  .Musr.  I5or.-Aiii. 
Exsicc,  and  in  Austin's  Muse.  Api)al.  represent  mostly  II.  ddicatnluin, 
while  those  distributed  as  //.  ih  Ucatnliun  mostly  represml,  //.  n  fn'juilma. 
If,  as  it  seems,  we  have!  only  two  sp(!ciefl,  //.  rit'oijnitnm  and  //.  dcHcn- 
lulniit,  they  are  very  easily  identified  by  the  charaeters  of  the  jn'rielnetiul 
loaves.  The  charaeler  of  the  apical  cells  of  the  braneh-leavcs.  which 
essentially  separates  //.  tmndribcinnni,  has  not  been  rcniarkcd  by  any 
American  bryologist. 

#  #  «  *  jStona  erect,  sitnphj  pinnate,  ratnulose:  oj)crcul(nn 


coiwe.1',  CO H tad. 


15.  H.  abietinum,  Linn.  DidM-ions:  ])I:uits  in  wide  yol- 
lowisli  ^rc'cn  tufts ;  stems  sim|)le  or  bip.'irtito,  slijjflitly  r.i'lieiiloso, 
))innatc'ly  divided  into  sliort  nearly  o(iii;d  branches:  s  leaves 
close,  broadly  ovate,  lonL?-aeiiininate,  deeply  sulcate,  o,.  ...ii'  and 
canalicidate  to  Lelow  tlie  ])oint ;  borders  Hat  on  one  side,  re- 
flexed  on  the  other;  braneh-leaves  ovate-aeuniinate,  very  eon- 
cave,  irreijjularly  dentienlate  on  the  borders,  all  very  papillose; 
parajihyllia  crowded,  loricate-filiform;  inner  j)erieluetial  leavi'S 
lonij,  lanceolate-acinninate,  sulcate,  entire :  ca|>sule  narrow, 
cylindrical,  sliuflitly  incurved,  tircuate  when  em])ty,  ehestiuit- 
colored ;  o|)erculum  conical,  acuminate ;  cilia  two  or  three, 
unecpial  and  irregular ;  annulus  lari:fe,  com]>ound.  —  Spec.  l*]ant. 
ll'iO.  27iuidiuni  ahtetinwn,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Bryol.  Eur. 
t.  485. 

IIaij.  Shaded  rocks  and  barren  ground  bonlerincj  woods;  not  rare,  hut 
fruiting  specimens  very  rarely  found;  llocky  Mountains  of  Colorado 
(Porter),  in  fruit. 

1(>.  H.  Blandovii,  Web.  &  Mohr.  Mona'cious:  tufts  briuht 
fjfreen ;  stems  lons^,  2-3-])arted,  covered  with  ]iara])hyllia; 
br.'inches  close,  distichous,  attenuated,  flexuous  or  recurve<l : 
stem-leaves  large,  imbricate,  broadly  ovate-cordate,  acuminate, 
irregidarly  plicate  lengthwise,  retlexed  on  the  borders,  ]iapillose 
on  the  back,  with  long  ramose  basilar  cilia;  .'U'eol.ilion  oblong, 
loose,  soft ;  braiK'hdeaves  broadly  ovate,  sliort-acuminate,  plicate, 
entire,  all  costate  to  below  the  apex ;  paraphyllia  very  long, 


1!^ 


lll/pniim.] 


IJKVACE.K. 


Vdl 


laciniatc-ciliatc;  iK'ricba'tial  leaves  Hliort-aeiiiiiinate,  <li'ntieulato 
at  tlie  a|»('x:  cajisiile  ((IjltMii^-cylimlrical,  eeniiioiis,  areuale  when 
dry,  li^flil  hrowii  ;  lid  eoiiieal,  aeiile  and  ajdcidate;  feelli  wry 
densely  artieiilate,  dark  <»ianLje;  sci^iiieiits  nearly  eiitiri- ;  cilia 
three,  lonu;,  j»eri'eet ;  annuliis  laru'e,  e()in|)nnnd. —  IJot.  Taseh. 
5{;j'2;  Seliwaenr.  Suppl.  ii.  1.  l.")S,  t.  1  I'J.  Thuidiain  JUandocii^ 
liriieh  it  Sehiniji.  iJryol.  Knr.  1.  \s{\. 

\\\n.  IViit  bo^'s,  Wisconsin  (Laj)lutin);  Wostura  Xow  York;  Canada 
{Mucoun);  Fori  Colvili';  (LyaU). 

Sj)ccies  not  siifficieuth/  known. 

17.  H.  remotifolium,  (irev.  ^lond'eious:  jtlanta  irrei^u- 
larly  bipinnate :  .slein-leaves  lari^e,  laneeolate-acuniinate,  cris- 
tate; borders  rev<jlute,  undulate:  cajtsule  short-pedieelled, 
orcet,  narrowly  lon^-eylinib-ical,  ascendiuix;  aiiuulus  present. — 
Edinb.  Mem.  \Vern.  Soc.  v.  48;J ;  Muell.  Svii.  ii.  VM. 

IlAli.     Western  America. 

Mueller  remarks  on  this  specie^  'hat  the  frjtnre  in  Soli\vae!;r.  Sui>p!.  il. 
2.  170,  t.  200,  s'ven  from  Hooker's  specimens  received  from  Montague, 
scarcely  represents  the  species.  Its  true  characters  an;  not.  known  and 
its  allinities  arc  uncertain.  Mueller  had  seen  only  an  imiierlCii  peiistome 
of  tiic  species. 

18.  H.  AUeni.  Sterns  erect  or  eoinpressed  with  t'aseietdato 
innovations,  bipinnately  branchinn',  densely  |)arnj)iiyllose  :  leaves 
broadly  ovate,  concave,  very  shortly  acuminate  or  acute,  piano 
or  subsulcate,  minutely  pa])illose,  erenulato  on  tiu'  borders, 
aurieulate  and  subdeeurrent  at  base;  eosta  stroni;,  asci'udins^ 
nearly  to  tlie  ai»e.v;  areolation  minute,  distinct,  unipapillose; 
])ara]ihyllia  loner,  simple  or  sj)arini,dy  <livided,  trt'nieidat(>;  branch- 
leaves  short,  lax,  llexuous,  without  para|»hyHia  and  with  more 
slender  shorter  eosta,  etc.  —  Thnidhun  AUeni^  Aust.  Bull.  Torr. 
Club,  vii.  1(3. 

IIab.     In  a  peat  swamp  near  New  Haven,  Conn.  [John  Allen), 


f 


Subgenus  IV.   CLAOPODirM. 

Plants  small;  stems  prostrate  or  creeping;,  incrensinof  by 
stolons  or  lateral  branches,  divaricate,  irrei:fularly  bij)innately 
ramulose;  branches  short  aiul  simple,  or  longer  and  attenuate, 
flagelliform.  Leaves  open,  erect,  lanceolate-acuminate  from  .an 
ovate  subcordate  base,  denticulate  all  around,  papillose  on  the 


328 


BRYACE^. 


[Ilypnum. 


J*|p.f!»ir  i"  ^ 


'ti''«f 


1*1 1^ 


I  i  lift 

i!iL 


'5 11  is 


back;   areolation  small,  oval  or  fusiform-angular;  j)arajphylliu 

none.     Flowers  dicccious.     Capsule  short-oval,  turgid,  abruptly 

curved  downward  at  the  base  of  the  inflated  colluni.     Pediuel 

smooth  or  rough.     Operculum  conical,  constricted  into  a  short 

point.     Teeth  closely  articulate;    segments  si)lit  between  the 

articulations  ;  cilia  two  or  three,  long. 

Kclated  to  Thuldiain  in  the  papillose  areolation  and  the  form  of  tlu; 
loaves;  to  Eurlii/nrltlum  in  the  absence  of  parapliyllia  and  the  character  of 
the  peristome;  dilfering  from  both  iu  the  form  of  the  capsule  and  lid. 

10.  H.  leuconeurum,  SuUiv.  &  Lesq.  Plants  yellowish 
green,  glossy  ;  stems  slender ;  branches  short,  appressed  :  leaves 
oijen,  erect,  costate  to  the  ajiex  ;  the  j)ericha'tial  ovate-lanceolate, 
long  filiform-acuminate,  ecostate;  areolation  minute,  scarcely 
longer  toward  the  base:  capsule  ovate,  horizontal;  pedicel 
nT  curved,   smooth;    operculum    long-conical,    ajticulate  or   sliort- 

rostellate;  segments  ]>unctulate;  intermediate  cilia  three,  net 
half  as  long  as  the  segments ;  aimulus  large.  —  Muse.  Bor.-Ann  r. 
Exsicc.  (ed.  2),  n.  407'';  tSulliv.  Icon.  Muse.  102,  t.  80.  Thu- 
idium  leuco7ienrum,  Lcsq.  j*Nrem.  Calif.  Acad.  i.  81. 

IlAn.  On  tnniks  ot  Qiicrr^iy  lujrifolia  and  on  moist  soil  Of  shaded 
hills;  Oakland,  California  (L'okouk/-);  Cujur  d'Alene  Mountains,  X.  \V. 
Montana  (  Walloon). 

20.  H.  Whippleanum,  Snlliv.  Plants  small,  dirty  gi'een, 
prostrate;  stems  irrcgula'-ly  divided;  primary  branches  long, 
flexiious,  ])innately  ramulose,  attenuate,  flagelliform,  radiculose 
at  the  apex :  leaves  erect-sj)reading,  those  of  the  stem  deki/KJ, 
cordate  at  base,  those  of  the  branches  narrower,  all  loiig-acu- 
minatc,  dentate,  serrate  all  around,  costate  to  the  ajii  .\  ;  areola- 
tion minutely  (luadrate-oblong;  jierich.Ttial  leaves  ovate,  gradu- 
ally narrowed  into  a  slender  flexuous  point,  costate  to  below  th>! 
point :  capsule  abrujitly  inclined  from  a  short  neck,  ovate,  on 
a  tnbcrcnlose  flexuous  pedicel;  op.ei^ulum  conical,  constricted 
in  the  middle,  apiculate ;  segments  splitting,  se])arated  l)y  two 
cilia  as  long  as  the  segments.  —  Pacif.  U.  l\ep.  iv.  190,  t.  9. 

II AB.     Coast  ranges  near  San  Francisco  (liUjclow). 

The  species  is  closely  allied  to  //.  leuconeurum.  differing  essentially  in 
the  rough  pedicel,  the  absence  of  annulus,  and  the  cilia,  which  are  only 
two  and  of  twice  the  length. 

21.  H.  ramulosum,  Ilampe.  Stem  thickish,  sim])ly  ))in- 
nate;  branches  short,  unequal,  bright  green :  stem-leaves  densely 


Ilijpnum.] 


BRYACE.E. 


329 


crowded,  orect-sprcadiiig,  soft,  broadly  cordate,  subdecurroiit- 
auriciilate  at  base,  abruptly  narrowed  into  a  ereii\date  hyaline 
|)ilif<'rous  point;  eosta  whitish,  vanishin<x  below  the  apex;  arco- 
lation  of  miiuite  rounded  slightly  ]tajiillosi'  cells;  poricha'tial 
leaves  broadly  ovate,  erose-dentate,  k>nij;  and  narrowly  acumin- 
ate, denticulate,  narrowly  costate,  loosely  reticulate:  capsule 
small,  horizontal,  turgid,  oblong,  pale,  on  a  short  rough  purplish 
])edicel ;  operculum  conical,  oblicpiely  rostellate;  segments 
yellowish,  split ;  cilia  two;  annulus  large.  —  Muell.  Syn.  ii.  A"^}]. 
Hai5.     Cape  Disappointment,  Washington  Territory. 

22.  H.  crispifolinm,  Hook.  Stems  i)innately  ami  bipin- 
natcly  much  divided,  dirty  yellow:  leaves  densely  indn-icate, 
yellowisli  green,  opaque,  subt'alcate-secund  ;  those  of  the  stems 
deltoid-ovate,  atteiniate  into  a  long  crispate  point,  undulate- 
rugose,  soft,  thickish,  decurrent  at  base,  minutely  areolate, 
strongly  nerved;  branch-leaves  tiarrower,  ovate-laneeolate ;  the 
pericluetial  erect,  lanceolate,  gradually  narrowed  to  a  long  (lex- 
uous  )»oint,  ecostate,  serrulate:  capsule  oval-oblong,  hoiizontal ; 
])i'dicel  piirjilish,  rough;  peristome  of  Juu'/it/nchiuin.  —  .Muse. 
Exot.  t.  ;u. 

II An.  Sliaded  ijronnd  and  rocks,  Xortliwostorn  America  (.Vrji-./r.s); 
Vancouver  island  (Wood);  California  (7iof«ncier,  Watson);  Fort  ColviUe 

(  ll'((/.SO/0. 

23.  H.  laxifolium,  Schwaegr.  St'  ins  long,  creeping,  pros- 
trate an>l  rigid;  l)ranches  ami  branclilets  bright  green  :  stem- 
leaves  loosely  imbricate,  open-erect,  deltoid,  ovate  ami  decur- 
rent at  base,  acuminate,  serrate  or  denticidate ;  branch-leaves 
narrower;  eosta  vanishing  in  the  apex;  jx-richa'tial  leaves 
oblong,  sheathing,  erect,  long  flexuons-acuminate,  denticulate  at 
the  apex,  ecostate:  capsule  globose-ovate,  horizontal  on  a  short 
red  tubercular  pedicel;  o])erculum  conical,  acuminate;  jieri- 
stome  as  in  the  {(receding.  —  Su]>pl.  ii.  1.  lol),  t.  ]['■];  I»rid. 
IJryol.  Univ.  ii.  404.  Leskea  laxifolia^  Hook.  Muse.  Exot.  t.  30. 
Isotheciuin  la.cifoliitm^  l>rid.  1.  c.  859. 

Uab.     NortlnvcsL  coast  of  America  (Mcnzies). 


t 


Suhgenus  V.    ELOnnJM. 

Stems  villous,  ascending,  2-r)-j)arted,  distantly  and  pinnately 
ramulosc  ;  branches  subcompressed.  Leaves  lanceolate-acumi- 
nate, striate,  not  papillose;  areolation  elongated,  rhomboidai ; 


..Fil       I  I 


:i 


330 


BliYACEiE. 


[llyimum. 


costa  subpercur  jnt.     Capsule  cernuous.      Operculum  convex- 
conical. 

24,  H.  paludosum,  Sulliv.  Monoecious :  plants  yellowish 
green ;  bi-anchlets  distichous,  slender,  unequal :  leaves  open- 
erect,  cordate-concave  at  base,  lanceolate,  acuminate,  retlexed 
on  the  borders,  stron<j,-ly  costate  to  the  denticulate  apex,  smooth 
on  both  faces;  para])liyllia  ciliate,  numerous;  inner  pericluetial 
leaves  oblong,  i^radually  narrowed  into  a  short  slemlcr  j)oiiit, 
])licate-striate  lengthwise:  capsule  obloni2;-cylin<lrical,  thicker 
.above,  cernuous;  operculum  conical,  aj)iculate,  short ;  segments 
cleft  between  tiie  articulations;  cilia  three,  as  long  as  the  seg- 
ments ;  annul  us  large.  —  3Jnsc.  Allegli.  n.  7,  Mosses  of  U.  States, 
G8,  and  Icon.  jVIusc.  157,  t.  lUl. 

Hau.  Not  rare  in  the  cranberry  marshes  of  Northern  Oliio;  lihoile 
Island  (Olney)\  Massachnsetts  {Uunsfll)',  Vermont  {Frost),  etc. 

This  species  so  much  resembles  //.  Blindotil  that  it  Iku  somt'times 
been  confounded  with  it.  It  diiTers  in  the  paraphyllia  less  tlenscly 
crowded  upon  the  stems,  the  leaves  not  papillose  and  not  fringed  at  the 
basal  margin,  the  segments  cleft,  etc. 

Subgenus  VI.    TRIPTEliOCLADIUM. 

Plants  loosely  cespitose,  intricate;  stems  compressed; 
branches  compressed  or  subterete,  attenuated,  irregularly  pin- 
nate. Leaves  erect,  more  or  less  open,  very  smooth ;  cells  of 
the  areolation  ellii)tical,  the  alar  (juadrate-rhomboidal.  Capsule 
erect,  cylindrical,  cernuous.  0])crculum  conical.  Flowers 
monoecious. 

25.  H.  leuCOCladulum,  ^luell.  Stems  long,  very  slender, 
filiform  ;  lower  branchlets  shorter,  brown  by  maceration,  the 
ujiper  long,  attenuate-filiform,  subjulaceous:  stem-leaves  close, 
erect  or  open,  small,  exactly  ovate  from  the  decurrent  base, 
obsoletely  denticulate  at  the  apex ;  those  of  the  branches  oblong 
and  narrower,  all  very  short,  bicostate,  concave,  revolute  at  the 
base,  ])ale  green ;  inner  perichretial  leaves  mmierons,  largo, 
sheathing  at  the  broader  base,  short-acuminate,  retlexed,  the 
upper  all  very  slightly  denticulate:  caly])tra  glabrous:  cm))su1o 
erect,  small,  cylindrical-oval,  on  a  short  very  slender  .reddish 
flexuous  pedicel,  slightly  cernuous,  reddish,  glossy  ;  operculuni 
small,  conical,  acute  ;  annulus  narrow^ ;  teeth  distinctly  latticed; 


J:  I .'  I 


Hypmim.] 


BUYACE.E. 


331 


segments  yellow,  attached  to  a  fragile  scarious  membrane,  nar- 
rowly lanceolate,  split  or  disjointed,  separated  by  solitary  deli- 
cate subnodose  cilia.  —  Uegensb.  Flora,  Iviii.  79  (1875), 
IlAiJ.     Oaklaiul,  Oregon  (llarci/). 

-G.  H.  COmpressulum,  Muell.  1.  c.  Plants  slender,  bright 
green,  soft ;  stems  short,  slender,  distinctly  compressed  ;  branch- 
lets  short,  very  slender,  irregularly  ])innatc,  slightly  compi-essed  : 
stemdeaves  erect,  more  or  less  open,  ovate  or  oblong-acuminate, 
concave,  slightly  decurrent  at  base,  distinctly  denticulate  all 
around,  bicostate ;  cells  soft,  very  glossy ;  upper  }»ericluetial 
leaves  longer  acuminate :  capsule  much  longer,  very  narrowly 
cylindrical. 

llAii.     Oaklaiul,  Oregon  (R.  D.  Xcciua). 


^"mm 


Subgenus  VII.     CAMPTOTIIECIUM. 

Plants  yellow,  glossy,  cespitose ;  stems  i)innately  ramulose. 
Leaves  crowded,  erect,  strict,  subocarious,  long-lanceolate, 
gradually  acuminate,  dee])ly  plicate  lengthwise,  narrowly  cos- 
tate ;  areolation  very  nai-row,  linear  or  vermicular,  smooth, 
the  basal  cells  quadrate  at  the  angles.  Flowers  dia'cious  ;  male 
buds  often  i)arasite  uj)on  female  ])lants.  Cajisule  oblong  or 
cylindrical,  cernuous,  arcuate  when  dry.  l*edicel  rough,  except 
m  11.  idtens.  I*eristome  perfect;  membrane  b)oad;  segments 
as  long  as  the  teeth.  —  CcDnptothecium,  Scliimp. 

27.  H.  lutescens,  Iluds.  Stems  rigid :  leaves  minutely 
serrate  at  the  apex,  those  of  the  branches  narrower  and  some- 
times subseeund:  capsule  cernuo..s  from  above  its  erect  collum, 
oblon<j:-cvlindrical,  more  or  less  arcuate,  dirtv  vellow ;  oner- 
culum  rostrate.  —  Flor.  Angl.  A'l\  lledw.  ]Musc.  Frond,  iv.  40, 
t.  IC).     CaniptotJiecium  lutescens,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Ijryol.  Eur. 

t.  558. 

IIai?.  Alaska  {Kcllofin)',  Xorthwest  coast  (7)oHf/^r(.s) ;  Vancouver  Isl- 
and (Lyall);  Yictorin,  Oivgon  (Uofcnulcr,  Xfi-lus)\  California  {(Jonltcr). 

28.  H.  SBneum,  ^litt.  Leaves  gradually  lanceolate-acumi- 
nate from  the  ovate  base;  costa  vanishing  below  the  apex; 
borders  reflexed,  distantly  serrulate ;  alar  cells  small,  short, 
obscure ;  perichtetial  leaves  long,  erect,  broadly  lanceolate, 
abruptly  acuminate-subulate,    serrulate,   ccostatc :    ca})sule   in- 


Y- 


t 


\\l 


i-M 


if  r 
( 


t 


■f 


832 


BKVACE.E. 


[Ilijpnum. 


clined,  curved ;  segments  cluft  between  the  articulations;  cilia 
three,  as  long  as  the  segments  ;  membrane  large,  as  in  the  last 
species. — Journ.  Linn.  8oc.  viii.  31,  t.  5. 

IlAB.     roiul  d'Oicille  llivcr,  N.  Idaho  [Lyall) ;  Fort  Colville  (  Watson). 

From  the  author's  remarks  tliis  species  has  the  sauie  ai)pearauce  as  the 
last,  from  which  it  is  distinguished  by  tlic  apical  leaves  of  tlie  lateral 
branches  having  their  points  broad,  somewhat  aculate,  and  obtuse.  Tlie 
peristome  is  more  complete,  the  segments  being  separated  by  three  lung 
cilia. 

29.  H.  Nuttallii,  Wil^'.  Widely  cespitose,  yellowish  brown ; 
stems  i)r()strate,  rudiculose ;  branclilets  crowded,  s])reailiiig  or 
homomallous:  leaves  closely  imbricate,  narrowly  oblong-lauceo- 
hite,  gradually  acuminate,  [)licate-striate,  coarsely  dentate  at  the 
recurved  base,  serrate  above ;  costa  vanishing  in  the  ai)ex ; 
inner  pericluetial  leaves  erect,  long-lanceolate,  narrowed  into  a 
filiform  point,  striate :  capsule  long-cylimlrical,  suberect  and 
subarcuate,  with  a  short  distinct  neck ;  pedicel  very  short  and 
rough,  scarcely  as  long  as  the  caj)sule  ;  operculum  conical,  short- 
rostrate  ;  segments  split  their  whole  length ;  cilia  very  short, 
rudimentary;  annulus  narrow.  —  JJryol.  Brit.  334,  330;  Sulliv. 
Icon.  Muse.  211,  t.  128.  Ctoi/plotheciuni  KuttallUy  Bruch  & 
ISchimp.  Bryol.  Eur.  Camptotliecium.,  G.  Leskea  Cali/oniica, 
Ilanipe,  Linujea,  xxx.  4GU  (18G0). 

IIau.  On  trees,  Western  coast  of  North  America  {Menzics);  Cali- 
fornia, Oregon,  etc.  {liolander,  liauei',  Nuitall,  BUjclow,  etc.);  N.  hluho 
{Watnon)\  not  connuon. 

Easily  recognized  from  its  congeners  by  its  long  thick  capsule,  short 
pedicel,  shorter  rostrate  operculum,  the  densely  pinnate  ramilication,  and 
the  dentate  base  of  the  leaves. 

30.  H.  Nevadense,  Lesq.  Plants  robust,  loosely  cesjiitose, 
yellowish  green;  stems  cree])ing;  branchlets  short  and  hoi-i- 
zontal,  or  longer,  irregularly  divided  and  arcuate  :  leaves  secund, 
lanceolate,  gradually  short-acuminate,  minutely  serrate  at  tlic 
ai)ex,  carinate  by  the  costa,  dee])ly  biplicate  ;  borders  revolutc 
or  recurved  ;  alar  cells  very  few,  irregidarly  quadrate  :  capsule 
erect  or  subcernuous,  cylindrical-ovate,  on  a  short  reddish  jicdi- 
cel ;  operculum  long-rostrate;  cilia  very  short  and  rudimentary 
or  none;  annulus  compound.  —  Mem.  Calif.  Acad.  i.  33. 

Had.  On  rocks  in  the  spray  of  Nevada  and  Uridal  Veil  Falls,  Tose- 
uiite  Valley  (lU)Umdcr)\  Spokan  Falls  {Watson). 

Distinguished  from  //.  lutcsccnfi  by  its  yellowish  green  color,  the  large 
thick  stems  and  branches,  its  distinctly  pinnate  ramilication,  the  alar 


Hypnum.] 


BUYACEyE. 


333 


areolation  scarcely  marked  by  a  few  oval  colls,  the  large  capsule,  llio  inner 
peristome  without  cilia,  etc.  The  loaves  are  more  regularly  autl  det'iily 
plicate  than  in  any  other  species  of  the  subgenus. 

31.  H.  pinnatifldum,  Sulliv.  &  Lesq.  Plants  soft,  widely 
and  loosely  cc'S})ito.se,  bright  or  pale  green ;  stems  slender,  pros- 
trate, brittle,  densely  pinnately  raniulose,  rootless  ;  braiu'hlets 
short  and  flexuous,  or  longer  and  flagelliforni :  leaves  open-erect, 
densely  imbricate,  lanceolate,  gradually  subulate-acuminate,  pli- 
cate, revolute  or  reflexed  on  the  borders,  slightly  denticulate  at 
the  af)e\'  ;  costa  thick,  ascending  to  above  the  middle;  cells  of 
the  areolation  linear-rhomboidal,  the  alar  quadrate  and  minute ; 
pericha3tial  leaves  ind^ricate  ;it  the  sheathing  oblong  base,  grad- 
ually long-acuminate,  ecostate :  capsule  thick,  oblong  or  obo- 
vate,  incurved  on  a  short  flexuous  rough  pedicel;  operculum 
largo,  highly  conical,  constricted  in  the  middle,  mamillato ; 
peristome  normal ;  annulus  large.  —  IMusc.  Bor.-Amer.  Exsicc. 
(od.  2),  n.  513  ;  Lesq.  Mem.  Calif.  Acad.  i.  33 ;  Sulliv.  Icon. 
Muse.  Suppl.  101,  t.  77. 

IIab.     Shaded  rocks  in  cafions,  California  (Bolander). 

32.  H.  arenarium,  Lesq.  Widely  and  loosely  cespitose, 
dirty  yellow,  irregularly  branching  ;  stems  slender  ;  branchlets 
short  and  erect,  or  longer  and  filiform,  attenuated,  radiculose: 
leaves  erect,  imbricate,  lanceolate-acuminate,  striate,  serrulate, 
reliexed  on  the  margins  ;  costa  stout,  vanishing  below  the  apex; 
colls  of  the  areolation  narrow,  small,  numerous,  scarcely  dis- 
tinct, the  basilar  round-ovate,  covering  the  whole  base  of  the 
leaves  ;  outer  pericha3tial  leaves  broaoiy  ovate,  short,  with  a  re- 
flexed  point,  the  upper  sheathing,  abruptly  narrowed  into  a  fili- 
form serrulate  erect  or  reflexed  point,  coarsely  dentate  below  it: 
capsule  small,  cylindrical-ovate,  cernuous ;  pedicel  long  and 
slender,  rough  toward  the  l)ase,  nearly  smooth  above  ;  oper- 
culum large,  obtusely  conical,  apiculate  ;  segments  perforated  ; 
cilia  one  or  two,  short ;  an'iulus  compound,  large,  })ersistent.  — 
Trans.  Amer.  Phil.  Soc.  xiu,  13. 

IIab.  Covering  sand  around  bushes  near  San  Francisco,  California 
{Ifolandcr). 

E.asily  distinguished  from  the  following  by  its  slender  form  the  short 
curved  capsule,  etc. 

33.  H.  nitens,  Schreb.  Densely  cespitose,  briglit  or  dirty 
green,  glossy ;  stems  erect,  radiculose  at  the  base  of  the  leaves: 
leaves   erect-spreading,   strict,  long-lanceolate,  subulate-acumi- 


y- 


^ 


^ 


334 


BRYACEiE. 


[TTijjmum. 


m 


4^ 


natc  ;  costa  loni^  and  slender ;  inner  periclia^tial  leaves  very 
long,  filiform-acuminate  :  capsule  cylindrical-oblong,  more  or  less 
arcuate  ;  pedicel  smooth  ;  ])eristome  normal,  the  teeth  yellow  ; 
annulus  compound.  —  Spi  'il.  Fl.  Lips,  d'2  ;  Bryol.  Eui-,  t.  G'J2. 
Cuniptothechim  uitois,  Schimp.  Syn.  530. 

IlAH.  Poat  bogs  and  praiiie  swamps,  in  the  northern  distrirts;  rarolv 
found  in  fruit.  A  variety  witli  stems  and  brandies  more  slender  and  of  a 
different  aspect  has  been  sent  from  New  Yorlc  by  E.  C,  IJowi,  but  ex- 
cepting tlie  attenuation  of  all  the  parts,  the  chamcters  are  identical.  Tiie 
relation  of  the  species  to  the  group  is  not  definite. 

34.  H.  megaptilum,  Sulliv.  IMs.  I'lants  highly  cespitosp, 
whitish  or  i)ale  green,  glossy  ;  stems  robust,  erect,  pinnatcly 
branching,  rootless ;  branches  short,  horizontal,  distichous,  the 
upper  turgid :  leave's  crowded,  erect,  iuiuncate,  narrowly  ovate 
above  the  subtlecurrent  base,  lanceolate,  short-ajjiculate,  very 
plicate,  concave,  costate  to  the  middle,  subrevolute  on  the  bor- 
ders, denticulate  all  around  aul  on  the  back  ui)on  the  costa  and 
the  keels  of  the  folds ;  cells  of  the  areolation  long,  narrow, 
linear,  chlorophyllose,  the  alar  few  and  irregular :  ilowers 
psetidomonoecious ;  male  buds  radiculose,  attached  in  the  folds 
of  the  leaves :  capsule  ovate-oblong,  slightly  curved,  much 
arcuate  and  constricted  under  the  orifice  when  empty;  pedicel 
thick,  short,  scabrous,  dark  red;  o[)erculum  conical,  apiculate, 
constricted  in  the  middle;  segments  carinate,  entire,  with  two 
intermediate  appendiculate  cilia  as  long  as  the  teeth.  —  (.'ai/)p(o- 
theciiim  (?)  mer/aptilini),  Sulliv.  Icon.  3Iusc.  Sujipl.  10:2,  t.  78. 

IlAn.     On  the  ground  in  deep  coniferous  woods;  Oregon  {E.  Ilall). 


'.  iJf 


Subgenus  VIII.    BRACIIYTIIECIUM.     (PI.  5.) 

Plants  generally  large,  loosely  cespitose,  prostrate  or  creeping, 
irregularly  branching,  sid)pinnately  ramulose,  neither  parajiliyl- 
late  nor  tomentose,  densely  foliate.  Leaves  broadly  ovate  and 
oblong-lanceolate,  long-acuminate  or  narrowed  into  a  filiform 
point,  minutely  serrate,  irregularly  plicate  lengthwise,  cordate 
ami  more  or  less  decnrrent  at  base,  not  glossy;  areolation  elon- 
gated rhomboidal,  the  alar  quadrate,  somewhat  chlorophyllose  or 
with  the  primordial  utricle  distinct.  Capsule  horizontal  or  cer- 
nuous  (suberect  in  IL  acuminatum)^  thick,  turgid-ovate  or  ob- 
long, incurved.     Pedicel  smooth  or  rough.     Operculum  large, 


Jlypnum.] 


BRYACE.'E 


335 


coiivox-conical,  acuminate.  Peristome  Inrpjo ;  teeth  very  densely 
urticiilate ;  sei^ments  as  long  as  the  teeth;  cilia  two  or  three. 
Spores  chestnut-eolor.  —  liracIu/Ou'cinni^  Schirnj). 

*  Pedicel  sinooth. 

35.  H.  lastum,  Brid.  Did'cious  :  tufts  bright  or  yellowish 
grcei'  ;  stems  j)rostrate ;  branches  and  branchlets  un('(inal, 
attenuate  at  the  apex,  erect :  leaves  close,  ovate-lanceolate, 
short-acuminate,  concave,  more  or  less  plicate,  narrowly  costate 
to  the  middle,  minutely  serrulate  all  around  ;  cells  very  long 
and  nan-ow  ;  pericluetial  leaves  numerous,  soft,  the  iiuier  ob- 
long, abrujttly  filiform-acuminate,  llexuous:  capsule  suberect  or 
cernuous,  narrowdy  cylindrical-oblong,  slightly  incurved  or  sub- 
arcuate  when  dry  ;  operculum  narrowly  conical ;  cilia  strongly 
articulate  or  subappendiculate  ;  annulus  none.  —  Bryol.  I^niv. 
ii.  471);  Sulliv.  Icon.  jMusc.  IS,"),  t.  115.  lirachythecUuu  hitum^ 
Bruch  tt  Schimp.  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  554. 

Var.  dentatum.  Leaves  shorter,  broader,  with  a  shorter 
point,  move  stronirly  dentate  on  the  borders  and  more  loosely 
areolate.  —  //.  salcbrosurn^  Sulliv.  ^NFusc.  Allegh.  n.  4o.  Ii. 
iSi/llir<nitii,  Jiruch  &,  Scl-'imj).  l^ryol.  Eur.  Jiradn/tJteritim^  21. 

IIab.  Woods,  on  prostrate  trunks,  sliadcd  ground,  or  roots  of  trees; 
V(M-y  froriiKMit,  ami  variable  accordint^as  tlie  locality  is  more  or  less  damp. 
After  the  description  of  this  species  Schimper  remarks  that  wc  have 
hi  Xortli  Aiiieriea  two  or  llu'ee  other  species  closely  related  to  Brachythc- 
cium  lafnin,  hut  which  ciuinot  bo  separated  without  careful  examinatioTi. 
Oil  repeated  eoin;iarison  ( '  a  large  mnuher  of  specijneus  of  this  polyuior- 
phous  species,  iu  collabor  .tion  with  Suliivant.  wo  have  fouud  a  differenee 
between  //.  I  itnin  of  Am  irica  and  that  of  Europe,  this  last  agreeing  with 
the  description  o^  B.  Iweolnm  of  Mueller.  But  so  numerous  are  the 
American  varieties  of  tliis  moss  that,  if  only  local  differences  were  con- 
sidered, a  number  of  species  couM  be  established,  but  evidently  with  only 
transieut  characters,  like  the  leugrh  of  the  leaves,  the  more  or  less  loo^e 
arcolation,  the  erect  or  curved  capsule,  etc.,  and  even  the  soiuctinies 
pseudo-moniceious  inflorescence,  ditTereuees  often  to  be  noticed  u]ion  the 
same  plant.  We  have  therefore  aduiitfcd  a  single  species.  If.  I'vfmtK  as 
described  above,  and  figured  in  the  Irnnrs  from  specimens  in  the  lierha- 
riiiin  of  Dr.  Torrcy  labelled  "//.  20.  Coll.  Dewey,"  to  wlii<di  Bride)  n^fers 
as  the  materials  on  which  lie  establislied  the  species.  Coiupariivj;  tlie 
ligures  of  the  Icones  with  those  of  Bryol.  Eur.,  the  only  important  dif- 
ferences to  be  noticed  are  that  in  tli"  American  form  the  capsule  is  gener- 
ally larger  anil  the  upper  pericluetii.  leaves  more  abruptly  narrowed  into 
floxuous  filiform  points. 


i 

f 

M 

'    ;-V 

ti 

,v' 

336 


BIIYACE^. 


[TTypnum. 


[i     i 


-h 


f- 


-t 


3G.  H.  acuminatum,  Bcauv.  Dicecious:  plants  widtly 
and  more  or  loss  densely  cespitose,  dark  green  passing  to  glossy 
yellow ;  sterns  radiculose,  prostrate  ;  branches  dit-tantly  ratnu- 
lose  ;  branchlets  two-ranked,  unetjual,  acute,  ])hunose  or  suh- 
julaceons:  leaves  close,  erect-open,  ovate-acute  or  ovate-lauco- 
late,  acinninate,  concave,  the  borders  recurved  toward  the  base, 
subserrulate  from  the  middle  upward,  not  or  only  slightly 
striate ;  costa  vanishing  above  the  middle  or  below  the  a])e\  ; 
angular  cells  granulose ;  inner  pericluDtial  leaves  tapering  into 
a  long  filiform  curved  acanien :  capsule  cylindrical-rjbloug, 
erect,  equal,  rarely  subincurved,  short-jiedicelled  ;  o])ercuhnii 
long,  conical-ai>iculate;  segments  f)unctate ;  cilia  rudimentary; 
annidus  none.  —  Prodr.  GO;  JMuell.  Syn.  ii.  334;  Sulliv.  Icon. 
Muse.  1S7,  t.  llo.  Leskca  acuminata,  Iledw.  Spec.  ]\Iusc.  •224, 
t,  50.  X.  JJei/richii,  Ilampe,  Linnaa,  xiii.  47,  and  Icon.  3Iuso. 
t.  7. 

Var.  rupincolum,  Sulliv.  &  Lcsq.  Branches  julaceous : 
leaves  densely  imbricate,  short,  carinate  and  more  j)licate :  cap- 
sule shorter  oblong.  —  Muse.  IJor.-Amer.  Exsicc.  n.  330''-  Zes- 
kea  rupi/icola,  Iledw.  1.  c.  227,  t.  5-i. 

Var.  setosum,  Sulliv.  &  Lcsq.  1.  c,  n.  330"-  Branchlets 
slender,  ])lumose,  ])ale  yellow  :  leaves  longer  with  looser  areola- 
tion,  the  perichretial  longer-acuminate  :  lid  long-acuminate,  not 
apiculate.  —  Zeskea  setosa,  Hedw.  1.  c.  220,  t.  57. 

Had.  Decayed  trunks  in  woods;  the  first  variety  on  tlie  ground  or  on 
rocks,  tlie  last  on  less  shaded  trunks.     Ranging  from  Florida  to  Canaila. 

A  most  variable  species,  but  easily  recognized  by  its  characters,  espe- 
cially by  its  straight  capsule,  and  the  peristome  witb.out  cilia. 

37.  H.  SalebrOSUm,  Hoffm.  M(Miavious  :  ])lants  widely 
cespitose,  glossy,  whitish  or  yellowish  green  ;  stems  subj)in- 
nately  ramulose :  leaves  close,  erect,  open,  loosely  imbricate 
when  dry,  ovate-lanceolate,  acute  or  filiform-acuminate,  irregu- 
larly sulcate;  borders  entire  or  sid^serrulate  ;  costa  reaching  the 
middle  or  beyond,  sometimes  forking :  capsule  short,  cernuous, 
ovate  or  ovate-oblong,  incurved  ;  pedicel  very  snu)oth  ;  oju'r- 
culum  conical ;  intermediate  cilia  two,  slightly  shorter  than  the 
segments,  articulate  ;  annulus  naiTow.  —  Deutschl.  Fl.  ii.  74. 
II.  plumosum,  Iluds.  Fl.  Angl.  423  ;  Brid.  Bryol.  Univ.  ii.  475; 
JMuell.  Syn.  ii.  358.  Brachythccium  salebrosum.,  Bruch  & 
Schimp,  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  549,  550. 


[mmv^ 


fTyimuui.] 


BRYACE.'E. 


831 


Vnr.  longisetum.  Stems  lonir,  nsrcndinrj,  spnritiLily  ramu- 
losc  :  K'Mvt's  slujrter  aiul  sIiortor-:iciiiniii:Ui>,  iii<!i.si!;.illy  .st'rnito. 
—  IJriU'h  tt  Schiiii]*.  1.  c,  as  Jtmc/u/tlitciion. 

Var.  palustre.  Stems  tall,  stout  :  leaves  Iji-oader,  moro 
coneavi',  searcely  plicate,  with  a  shorter  i>uiiit.  —  II.  J/ildaniiait^ 
Schimj).  Syii.  (»IU. 

Var.  cylindricum.  Stems  n))iiresse(l,  pinnately  raimilose: 
leaves  shorter,  very  glossy,  ])ale  :  eapsiile  ereet,  longer,  stilv 
arcuate.  —  lirueh  &  Sehimp.  1.  c. 

Var.  Texanum.  Stem-leaves  ahruptly  suhulate-aeimrniate, 
the  lower  entire,  the  ujtper  serrate  :  capsule  oblong-cyliiidi'ical  ; 
pedicel  thicker,  palo-eolored.  —  Aiist.  J5iill.  Torr.  Cluh,  vi.  44, 
as  Iirachi/f/icciu))K 

IIai$.  Moist  ground,  decaying  trunks  of  trees,  stones,  etc.,  in  the 
woods;  tlic  first  variety  in  more  arid  plaoos;  the  second  in  swampy 
ijrouiid;  the  next  in  South  CaroHna  (Ilaccnel);  the  hist  in  Tcxa-s 
(Boll). 

38.  H.  acutum,  Mitt.  jNIonnecious :  plants  loosely  cespi- 
toso,  bright  glossy  green  :  stems  long,  He.vuous,  creeping,  rad- 
iculose  at  base,  sparingly  branching;  branchlets  short,  very 
open,  often  reHexed  :  leaves  loose,  o])en-si)reading  when  mois- 
tened, lanceolate,  gradually  long-]»ointed,  distantly  and  ob- 
scurely serrulate  all  around,  subdecurrent  and  short-anriculato 
at  base,  costate  to  above  the  rnid<lle  ;  basal  cells  loos(>,  sub- 
quadrate ;  ]>erich{ctial  leaves  narrowly  subulate,  recurved  from 
a  short  oval  erect  base,  nerved  :  capsule  oval,  subincJini'fl  an<l 
subcernuous  and  unequal;  ])edicel  long;  operculum  long-coni- 
cal, a])iculate  or  subulate;  teeth  hyaline-bordered;  cilia  two, 
appendiculate.  —  Journ.  Linn.  Soc.  viii.  8'2,  t.  0.  Brorluitlie- 
dum  acxtion,  Sulliv.  Icon.  3Iusc.  Suppl.  90,  t.  75. 

IlAB.     Paclc  Kivcr,  Brit.di  Cohnnbia  {Li/ull);  Massaclnisotts  ((^rrcnr). 

Closely  resembling  //.  salcbrosun,  ^tit  difftiriiig  from  this  ami  oMicr 
allied  species  in  the  leaves  g;  duaily  narrowed  from  just  above  tbn  base, 
not  narrowed  and  acuminate  above,  in  the  longer  operculum,  the  teeth 
bordered  by  a  pellucid  margin,  and  the  appendiculate  cilia.  The  species 
is  referreil  by  Lindberg  (Muse.  Scand.  So)  to  //.  Mildcanum,  Sehimp. 

30.  H.  albicans,  Xeck.  Dictcious  :  irregularly  cesi)itose  ; 
tufts  loose,  soft,  whitish  green  ;  stems  with  few  simple  oi-  spar- 
ingly ramulose  branches,  terete  :  leaves  close,  more  oi-  less 
densely  imbricate,  ovate-lanceolate,  M'ith  a  short  subpiliforra 
point,  sulcate,  costate  to  the  middle,  entire  or  subserrulate  at 


Y 


I 


338 


BRTACE^. 


[Ifypnum. 


tlio  n\)CK ;  perichfL'tial  leaves  narrowed  into  a  long  filifonn  j  ;>liit  : 
caj)suk'  siiiall,  ovate,  turgid,  horizontal  or  ineiiijed,  Huheernuous, 
Lrovvn,  iHcomiug  black  when  old ;  peristome  normal ;  aiimilus 
narrow.  —  Meth.  Muse.  180;  Muell.  Syn.  ii.  JJOO.  JJnic/ti/f/ie- 
citon  albicans,  J>rueh  &  Sehimj).  Hryol  Em*,  t.  5;').'). 

IIaij.  firassy  sandy  ground  in  mountains;  Ilocky  Mountains  {Ilonr- 
geau)\  Uinta  Mountains,  and  Ca-ur  d'Alene  Lake,  N.  Idalio  (  Wdtnon). 

40.  H.    biventrOSUm,    Muell.      Dicecious:    plants   small, 

loosely  eespitose,  bright  green  ;   branches  very  sliort,  .slcn<U  r, 

curved  :  stem-leaves  close,  erect,  open,  small,  scarcely  decurrent 

.at  base,  ovate-acuminate,  not  plicate,  but  ventricose  at  base  (»ii 

both  sides  of  the  costa,  recurved  on  the  borders  at  the  Icisc 

only,  denticulate  all  around,  costate  to  the  middle;  alar  ci'lls 

very  small,  chloroj)hyllose ;  inner  })ericluetial  leaves  shcathiiii,' 

at  base,  more  or  less  abrU|.tly  narrowed  into  a  filiform  rttlexed 

lK)int,  ecostate:  cajisulo  small,  cylindrical-oblong,  not  curved; 

lid   conical,  very  shortly  apiculate ;   teeth   narrow;  segments 

split ;  cilia  rudimentary.  —  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  v.  40,  and  KcgciiNli. 

Flora,  Iviii.  90.    Brachythecium  sploukns^  Aust.,  Coult.  IJot. 

Gaz.  ii.  111. 

II Au.    Deep  woods  near  Baton  Kouge,  Louisiana  [Joor]',  on  Palmotfo 
trunks,  St.  Augustine,  Florida  {J.  Donncll  Smith). 
In  aspect  like  small  forms  of  //.  Icctum. 

41.  H.  Thedenii,  Ilartm.  Dicrcions:  plants  slender,  loosely 
eespitose ;  stems  very  long,  creeping,  pinnately  ramulose  :  leaves 
loose,  erect,  open,  homomallous  or  falcate-secund,  long,  tilit'onii- 
acuminate  from  an  ovate-lanceolate  base,  obli((uely  uiu-inate, 
flexuous  above  when  dry,  serrulate  all  around,  ]tlicate,  nari'ou  ly 
costate  to  below  the  apex  ;  inner  perieJKTtial  leaves  very  loni;-, 
filiform-acuminate,  serrate :  capsule  abruptly  horizontal,  short- 
ovate,  turgid  ;  operculum  convex-conical,  apiculate ;  jx'ristoine 
large;  teeth  coarsely  articulate  above;  segments  and  cilia  (i!) 
as  long  as  the  teeth,  the  latter  marked  Avith  prominent  articula- 
tions ;  annulus  simj^e.  —  Skand.  Fl.  ed.  9, 11.  lirachytliccium 
Thedemi,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  551.  //.  albicans, 
var.  Thedenii,  Ilartm.  I.e.,  ed.  10,  15. 

Hab.    Erroll  Dam,  Androscoggin  River,  New  Hampshire  (James). 

42.  H.  Donnellii,  Aust.  Monoecious :  ])lants  small,  com- 
pressed, eespitose,  bright  or  yellowish  green,  shining ;  stems 
slender,  creeping,  flexuous,  with  short  thick  simple  branches : 


Uypmtm.] 


bkyace.t:. 


339 


leaves  ovato-lanccolatc,  narrowly  aciiniiiiato,  striate,  very  entire 
or  rarely  distantly  serrulate  at  the  a})ex,  sli^jjlitly  falcate,  loosely 
imbricate ;  eostu  narrow,  enlarged  at  the  base,  vanishing  in  the 
middle  ;  cells  of  the  areolati(»n  large,  the  ui»j)er  fusiform-acute, 
the  biisilar  numerous,  quadrate  ;  periduetial  leaves  sjiiall,  nearly 
similar,  ecostate :  capsule  sliort-pedicelled,  very  snudl,  oval, 
suMiori/ontal ;  o])erculum  conical,  depressed  ;  inner  pei'istonie 
short;  segments  subentirc ;  cilia  im}»erfect  or  none.  —  Cuult. 
JJot.  ir.xz.  iv.  1G2. 

IIah.  Kotti'ii  wood,  roots  of  trees  and  shells  on  the  shell  mound  of 
Cliarlotle  llarboi-  (I'iiic  Island),  Florida  (J.  Doniull  ^inilh,  Auiitin), 
March. 

The  siniide  short  creeping  stems,  and  the  small  subliorizontal  capsule 
are  i)ecuHar  characters  which  easily  separate  this  species  from  all  the 
others  of  the  group.  At  first  sight  it  resembles  //.  mierocdrpuni,  Muell., 
but  the  operculum  of  this  last  species  is  long  rostrate-subulate,  and  the 
leaves  are  ecostate.  The  basilar  quadrate  areolaliou  of  tlie  leaves  is  also 
peculiar. 

43.  H.  COllinum,  Schleich.     Monfucious :   plants  small,  in 

dense  hemisphei-ical  bright  green  tufts;  stems  creeping,  densely 

r"diculoRe,  ramulosc  ;  branchlets  short :  leaves  close,  imbricate 

or  subseennd,  lanceolate-acuminate  from  a  broadly  ovate  deeply 

cordate  base,  concave,  serrulate  on  the  borders,  costate  to  the 

middle  ;  basilar  cells  larger,  chlorophyllose,  the  njjper  hyaline  ; 

])ericha'tial  leaves  abruptly  narrowed  into  a  short  nai-row  point, 

ecostate :  o]>erculum  highly  convex,  ol»tusely  acuminate ;  ])eri- 

Ktome    normal;     annidus    com]»ound.  —  Muell.    Syn.    ii.   429. 

BracJnjthtclum  coUi/ntm,  liruch  &  Schimp.  ]>ryol.  Eur.  t.  548. 

IlAn.  Fissures  of  rocks  on  high  mountains;  liocky  Mountains  (  Driim- 
inond)',  Colorado  (Downie);  Nevada  (Watson);  Cascade  Mountains 
ayall). 

44.  H.  Utahense.  Syna?cions:  resembling  the  last,  from 
Avhich  it  differs  in  its  inflorescence,  its  smaller  size,  more  deli- 
cate texture,  the  oblong-lanceolate  leaves,  and  the  erect  and 
symmetrical  capsule.  —  lirachytheciuin  Utahense^  James,  Bot. 
King  Exp.  409. 

IIau.  On  sandstone  rocks,  overhanging  dry  streamlets  near  Hanging 
Piock  Station,  Echo  Canon,  Utah  [Waison)\  Bald  Mountain,  Western 
Montana  ( Watson). 

*  *  Pedicel  rough. 

45.  H.  velutinum,  Linn.  Monoecious :  plants  in  intricate 
drooping  tufts,  bright   or   yellowish   green ;    stems  creei)ing. 


V^ 


•  I 


-h 


/ 


til  iTltf 


840 


bryace;e. 


[Ilui'n 


urn. 


invf^iilarly  piiin.itcly  raiuuloso  ;  hraiicliU'ls  curved  at  tliu  a|ti'.\: 
leaves  sul»t"ak'aU'-sc'(uni<l,  ovate-lanccolati',  aciniiiiiaU',  sernil.itc, 
collate  to  above  the  middle,  loosely  areolate  wilh  few  (|iia<lialo- 
ol>loii_!<  alar  cells  ;  periehietial  leaves  <^radiiall\  nai'i'ii\ve<l  into  a 
loiiL,'  |)oint,  costate  :  capsule  cernuous  and  horizontal,  turbid  or 
gil)l)ous-ovate,  constricted  under  the  orilice  when  dry  ;  pedicel 
j)ur|»U',  tuberculate;  lid  larj^e,  convex-conical,  apiculale  ;  sei(- 
inents  j)ert'orated,  and  cilia  as  lon<^  as  the  teeth  ;  annuiiis  revo- 
luble.  —  S|)ec.  1*1.  Jl'JU;  lledw.  iNIusc.  Frond,  iv.  70,  t.  '21. 
Jirar/ii/f/icciion  velntinu///,  IJruch  tfc  Schiinp.  l>ryol.  Kiir.  t.  i^JS. 
J/,  (/cvlit'imi,  Mitt.,  Journ.  Linn.  Soc.  viii.  'S.i,  t.  0. 

1 1  An.  Mountain  rt'<;ions,  on  soft  loose  cartli  in  shady  i)larcs;  moun- 
tains of  New  York,  Vorniont,  etc.;  I'end  d'Oreillo  Kivor,  N.  Idalio 
{Li/all);  not  coinnion. 

A  very  variable  specios;  plants  slondcr  or  robust;  stonis  morn  or  li-ss 
tlividcil,  and  liie  branchicts  varying  in  length;  loaves  dose  or  more  dis- 
tant, l)riglit  green  or  yellow,  opatiuo  or  glossy;  capsido  subglobose  or 
obloni;,  on  a  short  or  long  podicol,  etc.  According  to  Mitten,  //.  ih  rli- 
vuni  differs  from  the  normal  forms  merely  in  the  thi(.'ker  more  scaljions 
pedicel  and  the  cajjsnle  pendnlons  when  old,  characters  which  in  sni'ii 
polymorphous  species  cannot  be  considered  as  speciHc. 

40.  H.  Hillebrandi,  Lesq.  Mon<L'cious  :  plants  small,  in 
dense  intricate  <jlossy  yellowish  tufts;  stems  ])rostrate,  irrei,ni- 
larly  pinnately  ramulose  ;  branches  short,  radlculose:  leaves  im- 
bricate, erect,  rarely  sul».«'  .  und,  ovate-lanceolate,  acuminate,  con- 
cave, costate  to  the  middle,  flat  or  slightly  reflexed  on  the  boi-dcrs, 
serndatc  all  arouiul ;  alar  cells  numerous,  small,  quadrate;  peri- 
eluetial  leaves  oblong  at  base,  gradually  short-acuminate,  ])el- 
hicid,  ecostate  and  nearly  entire  :  capsidc  small,  erect,  turgid  at 
base,  obovate,  nearly  C(|ual,  rarely  inclined,  constricted  imder 
tlu;  broad  orifice  M'hen  empty;  pedicel  short,  1  cm.  long,  red- 
dish and  rough  at  base,  yellowish  and  smooth  above  ;  operculum 
short-conical,  obtuse,  apiculate ;  peristome  normal ;  segments  and 
cilia  as  long  as  the  teeth  ;  annulus  simple.  —  Mem.  Calif.  Acad. 
i.  iJ3.  J]ntc/ii/theciu77i  Hillebrandi^  Sulliv.  Icon.  jMusc.  Suppl. 
98,  t.  74. 

IIah.     On  rocks,  Merced  River,  California  (Bolander). 

47.  H.  Fendleri,  Sulliv.  &  Lesq.  JMona^cious  and  more 
generally  syncecious:  ])lants  small,  densely  entangled,  cos])itoso, 
pale  green,  glossy ;  stems  prostrate,  radiculosc,  closely  rairtu- 
lose  ;  branchicts  very  short,  terete-foliate  :  leaves  erect,  ovato 
or  elliptical-lanceolate,  narrowed  into  a  somewhat  long  narrow 


lll/l>nuin.\ 


BUYACE/E. 


341 


[((tint,  concave,  scrnilato  atxl  rccurvod  on  the  borders,  costatc 
lo  al)()vc  the  initMle  ;  cells  very  narrowly  linear,  enlar'.'e'l  at  llio 
aiij,'les  ;  inner  |»ericha'tial  leaves  ol»l(»nij,  abruptly  loiii^-acnini- 
jiate  ;  costa  almost  none:  capsule  oblon;^,  reirular  and  suherect, 
(»r  sli'ulitly  inclined  and  niori'  con\i'\'  on  one  side,  on  a  jiurple 
pedicel  rouyli  at  the  base  only;  lid  lar^^e,  oi»tus<]y  l(»nLC-c<»nical, 
coiistrictt'd  in  the  niiddli',  tnainillate  ;  teeth  densely  articulate, 
liyaline-niaryinate  ;  sei^nients  larL^e  ;  cilia  solitary  and  short  or 
noni' ;  annulus  double,  revolulde.  —  Musi-.  IJor.-Anier.  Kxsicc. 
n.  -VM ',  SuHiv.  ^Mosses  of  F.  States,  7(>,  and  Icon.  Muse.  ISO, 
t.  117.  Linkai  Fcndhi'i^  Sulliv.  .Mem.  Amer.  iVcad.  iv.  101), 
t.  I.     JI,  vclntinuiii^  var.  microcurfnuu,  ^luell.  Syn.  ii.  400. 

II An.     Oil  rocks  uciir  Siiiita  F*-,  New  Mexico  {Fnidhr). 

Kcsciiihlt'H  the  last  ill  sizo  ami  lialiit,  but  is  easily  n'rot^iiizcd  by  Its 
|oiii,'('r  caitsiiic  ami  loiii^cr  opoiciiliiiii;  llic  l)asilar  cells  art;  few  and  large 
in  this  species,  ami  the  peristome  is  of  a  ilifTeieiit  character. 

4S.  H.  Bolanderi,  Les(|.  Dia'cious:  tufts  ooin]»act  or 
loos(!  and  widely  exi)anded,  )»ak'  Lrreen  ;  stems  irreu^ularly 
divide<l ;  branches  loni;,  flexuous  or  ri<,dd,  snberect,  subpinnately 
ramulost':  leaves  o]»en-erect,  ovatedanceolato,  short-acuminate. 
Hat  on  the  borders,  serrulate  all  around,  eostate  to  above  the 
middle;  areolation  loose,  the  alar  cells  few,  distinct,  oblong- 
(juadrate,  jK-Uucid  ;  upper  jiericlwetial  leaves  broadly  sheathinaf 
at  base,  narrowed  into  a  flexuous  or  reflexed  serrulate  lono; 
jioint,  obsoletely  eostate:  ('a|»sido  short-oval,  gibbous,  hori- 
zontal; operculum  short-conical,  bi'own,  tipped  with  bla<'k ; 
pedicel  short,  blood-red,  arcuate  above,  rontjh  ;  segments  split 
their  whole  lenoth  ;  cilia  two,  as  lontf  as  the  se<jjinents;  annulus 
laro'e,  compound,  revolul)le.  —  Trans.  Amer.  I'hil.  Soc.  xiii.  12; 
Sulliv.  Su  Lesip  ^[usc.  IJor.-Ainer.  Exsicc.  (e<l.  'J),  n.  f){)'2. 

Il.vn.     On  the  ground,  under  VinlwlUtlnria  (.'iil!/i>ni!rii  {liDlandrr). 

With  the  aspect  of  //.  SuUkantii,  but  distinguished  at  once  by  its  short- 
conical  operculmn. 

49.  H.  Starkii,  Brid.  IMonrt'cions :  more  or  less  (b'liselv 
tufted;  stems  prostrate,  branchintr ;  branchlets  erect,  arcuate 
at  the  apex  :  stem-leaves  obconbite,  lanceolate-acutninate,  half- 
twisted  at  the  ])oint,  those  of  the  branches  narrower,  all  decur- 
rent  at  the  Ijasilar  concave  anujles,  serrate,  eostate  to  below  the 
point,  bright  jjjreen  and  ulossy  ;  meshes  of  the  areolation  loose, 
hexasjjonal-rhomboidal,  the  alar  large,  quadrate ;  ])erieluctial 
leaves   squarrose,  the  inner  ecostate,  pale  :    ca|)sule  abruptly 


7^ 


:l;:, 


■m  I 

.  its;  r    111 


J:  r 


5!- 


a  i 


vh-: 


:^-Ui 


t 


t 


342 


BRYACEiE. 


[Ilj/pnum. 


horizontiil,  short-ovato,  turgid,  solid,  black  when  old,  i)(jli;,liod 
and  Bubglobose  when  empty;  lid  convex-conical;  segiuunts 
split  open  ;  cilia  appendiculate;  annulus  large.  —  Muse,  lieeciit. 
ii.  2.  107.  Jirachytheclu))i  jStar/cii,  Bruch  &  Sclinnp.  IJryol. 
Eur.  t.  5-11. 

ILvn.     Mountains  of  Xew  England  (Odken);  Pennsjivauia  (./(/;)u',s). 

Variable  in  its  more  or  less  robust  character  and  longer  subcrecpiug 
pinnatel>  ramulose  stems.  In  its  slender  state  the  species  resembles  the 
next.     It  is  gentirally  of  a  darker  green  color. 

50.  H.  reflexum,  Starke.  MonaH'ious :  entwining,  widely 
cespitose,  flat,  pale  or  yellowish  green  ;  stems  slender,  long- 
proeumhent,  more  or  less  })iiniately  ramulose  ;  Lranches  ;ind 
l>ranchlets  curved  :  stem-leaves  more  distant,  s])re;i<ling,  stil)- 
secund  on  the  hranchlets,  broadly  ovate,  more  or  less  abniplly 
subfiliform-acuminate,  decurrent  at  base,  minutely  sei'ratc  all 
around;  costa  subpereurrent ;  alar  cells  loosely  oval-(piadrule ; 
perichaitial  leaves  ecostate  :  capsule  small,  ovate-globose,  solid, 
al»ruptly  horizontal;  operculum  convex-conical,  apieuiatc;  st'g- 
ments  sj)lit  nearly  their  whole  length;  cilia  slender,  ap])ciidieu- 
late;  amndus  narrow.  —  Web.  &  Mohr,  Bot.  Tasch.  ;30(]  and 
470;  Schwaegr.  Sup]>l.  ii.  1.  161,  t.  143.  Urdchythecium  re- 
flexum^ l^ruch  &  Schimp.  1.  c,  t.  539.  IT.  subiemie,  James, 
Proc.  Acad.  Philad.  1X55,  447. 

IIau.  Gorliam,  New  Hampshire  (James)',  Garrett  Coimty, ■  Maryland 
(J.  Donnell  Smith). 

51.  H.  oedipodium,  Mitt.  Mcmtrcious:  stems  procum- 
bcnl,  loosely  cesjtitose,  sn.bpinnately  divided  ;  branches  radicu- 
lose :  leaves  broadly  ovate-acuminate,  costate  to  the  middle, 
serrulate  on  the  borders ;  cells  of  the  basal  anglers  munerous, 
quadrate;  ])ericha3tial  leaves  conA'olute,  broadly  ellij)tical-acnnii- 
nate,  serrulate  at  the  apex,  ecostate:  capsule  inclined,  oval,  un- 
synnnetrical ;  ))edicel  thick,  minutely  scabrous;  lid  conii-al ; 
])eristome  normal ;  cilia  two,  appendiculate.  —  Journ.  Linn.  Soc. 
viii.  32,  t.  5. 

II  AH.  Lake  Huron  ( Todd) ;  Pack  River  and  Rocky  Mountains  {Li/all) ; 
Bittorroot  Mountains,  N.  W.  Montana  (  Wdtson). 

Like  If.  Slarkii,  in  the  thick  seta  and  appearance  of  the  capsule,  but 
the  leaves  differ  in  texture,  and  in  drying  do  not  become  striated. 

52.  H.  rutabulum,  Linn.  Moiuecious:  loosely  cespitose, 
blight  or  yellowish  green,  scarcely  glossy;  stems  ])roslrat(', 
creeping;  branches  and  branchlets  erect,  gradually  attenuate  to 


llypnum.] 


BRYACE.E. 


343 


tlie  apex :  leaves  opf  n,  broadly  ovate-lanceolate,  gradually  acu- 
minate, narrowed  and  cordate  at  base,  not  inflated  at  the  angles, 
obscurely  plicate,  serrate  all  around,  costate  to  above  the  mid- 
dle; areohition  loose,  rhomboidal,  the  alar  cells  large,  the  basi- 
lar oblong  or  hexagonal ;  pericluetial  leaves  abru})tly  narrowed 
into  a  illit'onn  point,  rellexed  fnjm  the  middle:  cajisule  oblong 
or  ovate,  tiu'gitl,  subarcuale,  solid,  chestnut-color,  brown  when 
old;  pedicel  hjng  and  strong,  ])urple,  very  rough;  ojierculum 
large,  convex-conical,  acuminate;  segments  split  in  the  middle; 
cilia  as  long  as  the  segments,  two  or  three,  not  apjiendiculate ; 
annulus  double.  —  Si»ec.  PI.  11*J4;  Iledw.  Muse.  Frond,  iv.  21), 
t.  \'l.  Jirachythcciuin  rntahalam^  liruch  tt  ^chinip.  Jiryol. 
Eur.  t.  r)4;{. 

\'ai-.  longisetum,  l>rid.  Stem  long,  subpinnately  ramu- 
lose,  loosi'ly  foliate:  capsule  oblong,  subincurved  on  a  very  long 
slender  pedicel. 

\'M\  flavescens,  I5rid.  Stems  and  branches  very  long, 
prosti-..te,  flaccid:  leaves  very  broad,  more  abruptly  acuminate, 
soft,  yellowish  green. 

Var.  plumulosum.  Small,  soft,  with  short  branchlets: 
leaves  </vate-Ian('eolate,  narrowly  acuiuinate,  glossy.  —  JJruch  & 
Scliini)).  1.  c,  as  JiracJn/theciuin. 

Var.  densum.  IJranchlets  close:  leaves  crowded,  loosely 
imbricate,  dark  green  :  cajtsule  short-pedicellate,  thick.  —  JJruch 
&>  Schinip.  1.  c. 

Var.  robustum.  Stems  prostrate,  long;  l)ranch('s  and 
branchlets  stout:  leaves  close,  broader,  bright  green.  —  JJruch 
&  Schimp,  1.  c. 

Hau.  Conimon  on  shoaled  ground,  roots  of  trees,  and  stones;  plain.s 
and  mountains;  W.  Humboldt  Mountains,  Nevada  {Waimn). 

A  very  variablo  species,  ut'tt-n  confounded  with  //.  snlchroHnm,  from 
wiiicli  it  differs  in  the  ac'^focly  plicate,  less  long-acuminate  and  less  glossy 
leaves,  and  tlie  very  scabrous  pedicel. 

53.  H.  asperrimum,  Mitt.  Closely  reseml)ling  the  last, 
from  which  it  differs  in  the  dicrcious  inflorescence,  the  stems 
more  rigid,  the  leaves  narrower,  ol)long-lanceolate,  acuminate 
and  scarcely  plicate,  the  alar  cells  (puwlrate,  smaller,  less  numer- 
ous and  not  gramdose,  the  pedicel  very  rough,  and  the  oper- 
culum abrui)tly  longer-ai)iculate.  —  Journ.  Linn.  Soc.  viii.  33, 
t.  G. 

Uai3.    British  Columhia  (Doujlas,  L>/all)\  California  (Bolander), 


m 

% 

y?^ 

ii 


344 


BRYACE/E. 


[rfl/pnim. 


]M 


I     ! 


I  ill'     ' 


<V:< 


; 


f 


i         ! 


+ 


f 


t 


54.  H.  campestre,  Bmch.  Mona?cious:  tufts  loose,  pale 
yellowish  green  or  yellow,  glossy ;  stems  prostrate  or  a  ;c('ii<liii^, 
more  or  less  densely  branching  and  ramulose,  densely  foliate: 
leaves  erect,  open,  ovate-lanceolate,  suhulate-acinninate,  ..erru- 
late,  narrowly  eostate  to  the  middle,  irregularly  j)lieate,  glossy, 
the  perichtetial  abruptly  filifoiin-aeuminate,  reciu-ved  from  tiie 
middle:  cajtsule  oblong-cylindrical,  cernuous  and  subarcuate ; 
l)edieel  rough  in  the  u})])er  j)art  only;  aimulus  simple;  o])er- 
culum  and  i)eristome  as  in  II.  rutahulum. — 11.  ratahuluin^  var. 
campeatre.,  Muell.  Syn.  ii.  3G8.  UracJiytJieciion  ca/iipestre, 
Druch  &  Schimp.  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  545. 

llAn.  White  Mountains,  fertile  (Oakes,  James);  Sand  Lakt;,  Colorado 
{Ilaydcii,  ISTo),  storik;;  C(bui-  d'Alene  Lake,  X.  Idaho,  and  on  Kettle 
liiver,  Uriti.-sh  Columbia  (  Watson). 

55.  H.  NOVSB-Angliae,  Sulliv.  tt  Lesq.  Dia'cious:  loosely 
and  widely  ces})itose  ;  tufts  rigid,  brigiit  green  outside,  dirty 
yellow  within;  stems  subprostrate,  irregularly  subpiinialely 
ramulose;  branchlets  terete-foliate,  not  attenuated,  subjula- 
ceous  :  leaves  erect,  incurved,  very  broadly  ovate,  decurrent, 
short,  narrowly  acuminate,  eostate  to  the  middle,  serrulate  all 
around,  very  concave,  not  plicate  ;  areolation  narrowly  oblong- 
hexagonal,  shorter  and  broader  at  the  basilar  angles  ;  ])ericlKe- 
tial  leaves  ovate,  abru])tly  long-acuminate,  recurved  from  the 
middle,  subecostate :  capsule  oblong,  erect,  slightly  curved ; 
pedicel  short,  very  rough,  ])urple;  o])erculum  long-conical,  acu- 
minate ;  jx'ristome  normal ;  annulus  double,  large.  —  3Iusc.  Bor.- 
Amer.  Exsicc.  n.  3o8 ;  Sidliv.  Mosses  of  U.  States,  7G,  anJ 
Icon.  Muse.  11)1,  t.  lis. 

IIab.     Mountains  of  New  England. 

Kesembles  the  following,  from  which  it  differs  in  its  smaller  size,  tufts 
more  compact  and  lem  spreading,  leaves  more  compact  and  not  glossy  nor 
plicate,  areolation  shorter,  etc. 

56.  H.  rivulare,  Bruch,  Ms.  Dioecious,  the  male  ])lants 
smaller  :  tufts  thick,  dirty  green  ;  stems  })rostrate,  hard,  woody, 
naked  or  radiculose  ;  branches  ascending  or  erect,  subarcuate, 
diversely  ramulose  toward  the  ai>eY  :  leaves  o])en,  large,  broadly 
ovate,  abruptly  short-acuminate,  serrulate,  concave,  slightly  or 
not  at  all  sulcate,  flat  or  reflexed  on  the  borders,  narrowly  eos- 
tate to  above  the  middle  :  capsule  large,  ovate-oblong  or  turgid- 
ovate,  solid,  cernuous  and  horizontal ;  pedicel  thick  and  long, 
scabrous;  peristome  normui ;  aunulus  double. — Lindb.  Muse. 


Hypnum.] 


BRYACEiE. 


345 


Scand.  C.').  77!  chrysostonmm^  Muell.  Syn.  ii.  3GS,  not  ]Miclix. 
BrachytJiecbim  rituilare,  Bnich  &  Schini]).  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  540. 

IIab.  Swuinps  and  wet  ground,  in  woods  and  mountains;  not  com- 
mon.    N.  W.  ^lontana  (  WalHon). 

Resembles  II.  rutahulam,  but  the  branches  are  stronger,  divided  near 
the  apex  antl  often  denth'oid,  tlie  leaves  broader,  glossy,  short-acuminate, 
and  not  plicate,  llowers  dinjcious,  etc. 

57.  H.  populeum,  Iledw.  MoncDcious :  tufts  flat,  green, 
somewhat  glossy ;  stems  creeping ;  branches  and  branchlets 
erect  or  incurved,  attenuate  at  the  ape\ :  leaves  ovate  and  ob- 
long, huict'ohite,  gradually  long-acuminate,  concave ;  borders 
flat,  serruh.  upward;  costa  j»ercurrent;  areolation  very  nar- 
row; alar  an  I  basilar  cells  larger,  quadrangular-oblong :  calyp- 
tra  large :  capsule  cernuous,  ovate,  turgid  or  gibbous,  inflated 
at  the  neck,  glossy,  contracted  under  the  orifice  when  empty ; 
pedicel  pur[»le,  slightly  scal)rous  above,  smooth  toward  the  base; 
segments  split;  cilia  one  or  two,  short  or  imequal,  appendicu- 
late ;  amiulus  siin}^<',  narrow,  j>ersistent.  —  Spec.  Muse.  270, 
t.  7U.  7/.  i'/;v'(7t',  Lam. ;  Lindb.  Muse.  Scand.  35.  JJrachi/fJie- 
cium  poj)>deH7n,  liruch  &  Schimp.  15ito1.  Eur.  t.  535,  530.  Ii. 
plumosttm,  var.  rejte.rum^  Austin. 

Var.  majus.  More  robust  and  densely  foliate:  leaves 
longer.  —  Bruch  &  Schimp.  1.  c,  as  Jinfchi/theciuni. 

Var.  longisetum.  Larger  and  more  rigid  :  -leaves  erect  or 
subsecund  :  capsule  long-pedicellate.  —  Bruch  tt  Schimp.  1.  c. 

Var.  subfalcatum.  Slender;  branches  incurved:  leaves 
subfalcat(-,  soft,  gl«'     '.  —  Bruch  &,  Schimp.  1.  c. 

IIAI5.  Plains  and  mountains  qi  the  Atlantic  States;  mostly  on  granite 
boulders. 

58.  H.  plumosum,  Swartz.  Moncecious :  plants  more 
robust  than  in  the  last :  tufts  short,  dense,  yellowish  or  dirty 
green  ;  stems  hard,  densely  ramose  ;  branches  mostly  sitnple, 
erect  or  arcuate,  densely  foliate,  ]»innately  ramulose  :  leaves 
oj)en  or  homoinallous,  l)roadly  ovate  or  deltoid-ovate,  short, 
obliquely  acuminate,  (->♦•••".  solid,  shining,  costate  to  the  mid- 
dle :  eai)sule  sligtitly  loi.m  ;  than  in  the  last,  but  of  the  same 
form,  light  brown,  black  when  old  ;  pedicel  smooth  b(>low  ; 
l)eri>tome  ]»erfert  ;  eilia  two,  as  long  as  the  segments,  ap})endicu- 
laite ;  aainulus  Him})le  and  persistent.  —  Muse.  Suec.  GO.  77. 
psendo-phinwsum^  Brid.  iVIusc.  Kecent.  ii.  2.  108  ;  Muell.  Syn. 
ii.  35i> ;  Lindb.  1.  c.     77.  chri/sostotnum,  Michx.  Fl.  Bor.-Am. 


-f- 


f 


■ '( 


ri       1  . 

it  I    ,  'l 


<! 


340 


BRYACEyE. 


[Ilypnum. 


.1 J 1      « 


■i  ,<i< 


r/. 


p  *   I 


ii.  310.  lirachythecium  phanosum^  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Bryol. 
Eur.  t.  537. 

\-AY.  homomallum.  Small ;  branches  falcate :  loaves 
seciind,  narrower:  ca]).siilc  small,  ovate.  —  Bruch  &  Scliimp. 
1.  c,  as  Brachijthecium. 

IlAi?.  JMoist  rocks  in  mountains,  and  borders  of  waterfalls;  South  and 
Nortli;  common  and  variable. 

More  robust  than  tlie  last,  with  broader  and  shortei*-acuminate  leaves, 
dirty  yellow;  capsule  longer;  habitat  subaquatic. 

Subgenus  IX.     SCLEROPODIUM. 

Habit  and  mode  of  growth  of  Brachythecium.  Arcolation 
still  narrower  vermicular,  much  enlarged  and  hyaline  at  the  de- 
cm-rent  l)ase.  Flowers  dioecious.  Ca])sule  suberect  or  ceriuious, 
ol)k)ng-eylindricaI  or  ovate,  more  or  less  incurved.  l\Mlicol 
rough.  Teeth  of  the  peristome  lamellate  on  the  inside;  seg- 
ments split  on  tKe  keel;  cilia  two  or  three,  as  long  as  the 
segments,  a}>pen«Iiculate.  Annulus  double.  —  /Sderojwdittni, 
Schimp. 

59.  H.  csespitosum,  "Wils.  Densely  cespitose,  the  tufts 
bright  or  dirty  green,  soft;  stems  rooting,  densely  ramulose; 
branchlets  eretrt  or  incurved:  leaves  soft,  open  or  subsecund, 
loosely  imbricate  when  dry,  ovate-lanceolate,  acuminate,  those 
of  the  branches  oblong-lanceolate,  acute  or  blunt  at  the  apex, 
all  concave,  minuteiy  serrulate  all  around,  costate  to  above  the 
middle,  the  costa  sometimes  forking:  ca])sule  suberect,  ol)long- 
subrylindrical,  slightly  incurved;  operculum  convex,  rostellate. 
—  Engl.  Bot.  Suppl.  t.  2878,  and  Bryol.  Brit.  3-11,  t.  5;"). 
Sckropodium  ca^spitosum^  Bruch  &  Schimj).  Bryol,  Eur.  t.  55G. 

IIaii,  On  tlie  ground,  and  upon  shaded  roclis  among  redwoods,  Cali- 
fornia {liohtnder);  Alaslva  (Kellofff/);  not  common. 

00.  H.  Oalifornicum,  T.esq.  Differing  evidently  from  the 
Inst  in  its  loosely  intricate  tufts  and  slender  stems  with  long 
illiform  branches:  leaves  ovate-lanceolate,  more  or  less  long- 
]>ointcd,  mostly  entire,  rarely  or  slightly  serrulate  at  the  apex; 
the  costa  longer,  vanishing  below  the  apex;  basilar  cells  more 
numerous,  small,  nearly  square,  generally  filling  the  Avholo  base 
of  the  leaves:  capsule  longer,  cylindrical-oblong,  ])alc  green, 
subcernuous;  pedicel  longer,  rough  and  reddish  in  the  upper 


Uypnum.] 


BIlYACEiE. 


347 


part  only,  smooth  and  yellow  below ;  lid  large,  conical,  mamil- 
late.  —  Trans.  Araer.  Pliil.  Soc.  xiii.  13. 

IIah.  Ou  rocks  aud  dry  saud,  near  the  bay  of  San  Francisco  (Bo- 
Inndev). 

Gl.  H.  illecebrum,  Schwaegr.  In  more  or  less  dense 
yellowish  or  dirty  green  tufts;  stems  irregularly  branching, 
subpinnately  raniulose  ;  branehlets  short,  arcuate,  turgid  and 
obtuse  at  the  apex  :  leaves  ereet-sj)readiug  wiien  moist,  imbri- 
cate when  dry,  ovate,  with  a  short  recurved  acute  })uint,  very 
concave,  minutely  serrate  at  the  ajiex,  shining;  costa  ascending 
to  al>ove  the  middle,  rarely  forked  :  capsule  horizontal,  turgid, 
ovate,  brown,  often  of  two  colors ;  })edicel  thick,  very  rough ; 
operculum  convex-conical,  aj»iculate.  —  Siicc.  3Iusc,  ii.  ti'Jo. 
iScIero])o<fit(ni  illecebrum,  Bruch  &;  Schimp.  Jiryol.  Eur.  t.  5;")?. 

IIau.  .siiiuly  sandy  ground,  ban  Francisco,  California  (liolander, 
Cihbous);  Alaslva  {Kclloyy). 

Very  variable;  secondary  stems  sometimes  dendroid. 


^ 


Subgenus  X.    ISOTIIECIUM. 

Primary  stems  creeping,  the  secondary  erect,  more  or  less 
dendroid;  branches  close,  fasciculate,  curved  on  one  side,  or 
flagellate  and  stoloniferous.  Leaves  small,  close,  <)])en  or  im- 
hricato  when  dry,  ovate-oblong,  acute  or  acumiujitc,  rarely 
smooth,  more  or  less  distinctly  papillose  on  the  back,  costate  to 
the  middle  or  above;  areolation  minute,  vermicular-oblong,  the 
basilar  short-angular  or  ovate.  Inflorescence  dioecious.  Cai)sule 
regular,  suberect,  oval-oblong.  Operculum  sliort-rostrate.  Pedi- 
cel smooth,  except  in  the  last  si)ecies. — Isothecium,  Brid. 

The  type  of  this  sui)i?enus  is  //.  mifosiimidrn,  jilaccd  by  Scliimper  in 
Enrhi/nchiiuH.  Some  of  the  American  species  (l<'S('i'il)ed  liere  have  a 
marked  resemblance  to  that  moss,  differing  essentially  in  the  areolation 
being  slightly  papillose. 

G2.  H.  myosuroides,  Linn.  Tufts  soft,  pale  green ; 
pi'imary  stems  slender,  long-creeping  and  radicidose,  with  small 
leaves;  secondary  stems  erect,  l)ranching  and  tree-like,  very 
ramulose,  flagelliform ;  branches  and  branehlets  inclined  to  the 
same  side :  leaves  of  the  secondary  stem  si)reading,  cordate- 
lanceolate  and  narrowly  acuminate,  the  rameal  gradually  nar- 
rower   and   oblong-lanceolate   to   lanceolate,   those    upon    the 


^ 


348 


BUYACE^. 


[irup 


man. 


). 


*  i 

'1  » iSSi' 


branclilcts  more  or  less  cllstiiiet,  sometimes  sccund,  minutely 
serrate  all  around,  narrowly  costate  to  above  the  middle,  eon- 
cave  at  the  angles;  areolation  very  elose  and  narrow,  tlie  ahir 
yellow;  jtericluetial  leaves  sheathing  at  base,  abruptly  narrowed 
into  ii  long  slender  reeurved  iiexuous  point,  the  inner  only 
thiidy  costate:  ca])sule  cernuous  or  subhorizontal  by  the  curv- 
ing of  the  i)edieel,  oval-oblong;  operculum  short-rostrate;  eilia 
shorter  than  the  segments;  aninilus  large.  —  Sjicc.  PI.  IbJO. 
Jaot/ieciinn  no/osi/rouks,  Brid.  I>ryol.  Univ.  ii.  369  ;  Bryol.  Eur. 
t.  f)o4.     J'JnrhtjuchUun,  Mi/os//roides,  Schimp.  Syn.  549. 

II All.  On  trees;  Nova  Scotia  {James);  White  Mountains  JaArcs); 
California  (liolandcr,  Watson)\  Oregon  (Hall). 

03.  H.  Stoloniferum,  Hook.  Kamification  as  in  the  last, 
tlie  plants  generally  larger ;  branch-leaves  more  crowded,  densely 
imbricate  when  dry,  more  elli])tical,  minutely  pa})illose  on  tlie 
back,  costate  beyond  the  middle,  more  distinctly  serrate :  cap- 
sule dro<)])ing;  cilia  as  long  as  the  segments.  —  ]\Iusc.  Exot. 
t.  74  ;  Mitt.  Journ.  l^inn.  Soc.  viii.  84;  Lescp  Mem.  Calif.  Aead. 
i.  31  ;  Sulliv.  &  Lesq.  ]\Iusc.  Bor.-Am.  Exsiec.  (ed.  2),  n.  425. 
Jsutheciiu/i  fitolo/rt/erum,  Jirid.  1.  c.  371.  //.  rnyosuroides^  var. 
stolon ifeno/t,  Muell.  Syn.  ii.  500. 

IIau.  Connnon  on  trees  upon  the  Pacific  Coast,  from  California  to 
Alaska  (Fort  Colvillo,  Watson),  and  very  variable.  The  species  varies 
even  upon  the  same  tuft,  according  to  degree  of  exposure  to  fog  and  wind. 
The  characters  of  the  next  five  species  cannot  be  considered  permanent. 

C4.  H.  Spiculiferum,  Mitt.  Leaves  (below  the  peri- 
ch.'etium)  lanceolate-acuminate  from  a  cordate-ovate  base, 
smooth,  nerved  for  three-fourths  of  the  length,  the  borders 
reflexcd  below,  serrulate  above;  upper  leaves  narrower,  ]iapil- 
lose  on  the  back,  those  of  the  branchlets  elliptical-lanceolate, 
very  acute,  concave,  acutely  ])apillose  on  the  back,  the  costa 
denticulate  at  the  apex,  and  the  borders  plane  and  serrulate; 
periclnetial  leaves  erect,  oblong  at  base,  serrulate,  reeurved 
above,  costate  to  above  the  middle:  capsule  short-]H'dieelled, 
oblong,  subsymmetrical,  horizontal ;  oj>erculum  conical ;  seg- 
ments cleft  between  the  articulations;  cilia  solitary.  —  Journ. 
Linn.  Soc.  viii.  34. 

IIab.     British  Columbia  [LyalL  Dov(ilas). 

Habit  of  II.  myosuroidcs,  witli  the  branchlets  more  attenuated  and 
more  curved,  and  the  whole  plant  a  little  larger.  It  appears  to  differ  from 
U.  stoloniferum  in  its  more  slender  habit,  more  abundant  papillae  on  the 


wn. 


Ili/jmum.] 


BRYACEiE. 


349 


icly 
loii- 
lilar 

•e.I 
|iily 
irv- 

li;i 
I  •■{'». 
lur. 


branch-leaves,  the  veflexod  margins  of  the  stem-leaves,  the  more  strongly 
onc'-nerved  "i.'riclia;tial  leaves,  ami  the  solitary  cilia.  —  {Mitten). 

05.  H.  acuticuspis,  Mitt.  1.  c.  Leaves  loosely  imbricate ; 
those  below  the  ]>erieha>tiuin  conlate-ovnte,  nnrrowly  long- 
aeumiiKite,  minutely  serrulate  on  the  borders,  nearly  smooth  at 
the  cusjtidate  apex,  with  a  very  short  diffused  costa,  forkinuj  or 
entire,  vanishing  in  the  middle  ;  eells  of  the  basal  anufles  obscured 
or  dusky ;  leaves  of  the  branchlets  elliptical-ovate,  acute,  ser- 
rulate, nerved  to  the  middle,  smooth  on  the  back ;  the  ])eri- 
cluetial  subulate  from  an  oblong  ccostate  base,  recurved,  very 
entire:  ca])sule  on  a  short  pedicel,  oval,  inclined;  lid  conical ; 
cilia  two,  shorter. 

IlAiJ.    British  Columbia  (Domjlas). 

Mitten,  who  had  seen  only  two  stems  of  this  moss,  says  that  it  may  bo 
//".  lirctovruniiim.  Losq.,  but  that  the  description  of  that  species  is  not 
suflicioiitly  complete  to  he  quite  certain. 

OG.  H.  Brewerianum,  Lesq,  In  compact  dark  green  or 
yellowish  green  tut'ts  ;  steins  creeping,  simple  at  base,  radicii- 
lose,  fasciculately  branching  above;  branches  sitnj)le,  erect,  or 
subcurved,  julaceous  when  dry,  narrowed  toward  the  base  or 
inflated  in  the  middle :  leaves  imbricate,  appressed  when  dry, 
o))en  when  damp,  those  of  the  stem  distant,  broadly  ovate- 
lanceolate,  long-acuminate,  serrulate  at  the  ajx'x,  the  costa  dis- 
appearing in  the  middle;  branch-leaves  shorter  and  broader, 
broadly  ovate-lanceolate,  short-acuminate,  sharj)ly  serrulate 
above,  costato  to  above  the  middle;  areohition  at  base  ovate, 
oblique  and  irregular,  oval  in  the  middle,  broader  and  rhom- 
boidal-obtuse  toward  the  apex,  subjiapillose:  ca])sule  erect, 
cylindrical-ovate,  turgid  below,  constricted  undci'  the  orifice; 
operculum  conical-rostellate  or  conical-acute ;  cilia  two,  robust, 
equal  to  the  segments.  —  Trans.  Amer.  Phil.  Soc.  xiii.  V2. 

Var.  lutescens.  Pale  dirty  yellow;  branches  longer,  sto- 
loniferous:  pericluetial  leaves  shorter,  acuminate,  seriulate ; 
areolation  shorter  and.  broader:  capsule  longer,  subcernuous; 
cilia  slender. 

IIau.  Granite  rocks  near  Mission  Dolores  (Bolandcr);  Monterey 
(Wtitson);  Sierra  Xevada  (Brewer). 

The  color  of  the  plants  due  to  exposxire  to  the  sun,  the  compact  tufts, 
the  branches  nearly  simple,  rarely  attenuated  or  stoloniferous,  terete  or 
julaceous  by  the  imbrication  of  the  leaves,  Mie  capsule  somewhat  longer 
and  generally  en^ct,  are  the  essential  charicters  separating  this  species 
from  JI.  stulonij'erum. 


-f 


y.)( 


M 


350 


BRYACEiE. 


[Tlypnum. 


,  K  * 


rf  * 


G7.  H.  aggregatum,  Mitt.  Primary  stems  crt'cpiii'^; 
Lr.ancht's  erect,  closely  a^^gregated,  siinide,  curved,  attenuate: 
lower  leaves  spreading,  broadly  hastate,  ovate-acuminate,  sub- 
ccostatc;  tli<jse  on  the  middle  of  the  branches  broadlv  <»v;iti'; 
those  near  the  toj)  costate-acuminate,  subjulaceous,  iniltricalc, 
serrulate  toward  the  acute  apex,  the  medial  nerve  |ironiineiil ; 
"^  ]>erichietial  leaves  ovate-lanceolate,  acuminate,  nerved   to  the 

middle,  serrate  and  reflexed  at  the  apex :  capsule  cylindrical, 
irregular,  inclined ;  oj)erculum  conical,  acuminate ;  segments 
narrow;  cilia  solitary,  half  as  long  as  the  segments.  —  Journ. 
Linn.  Hoc.  viii.  35,  t.  G. 

IIaii.     Vancouver  Island  (Lyall)\  British  Columbia  (Dour/Ins). 

Tho  author  compares  it,  on  account  of  the  julaceous  imbrication  of  the 
leaves,  to  some  states  of  Pterogonium  gracUe,  while  other  stems  with  less 
imbricated  leaves  liave  a  resemblance  to  II.  tnyiirnm. 

C8.  H.  aplocladum,  Mitt.  1.  c.  Stems  procumbent,  radie- 
ulose,  curved  downward  at  the  summit;  branches  few,  nearly 
sim])le,  often  attenuate,  recurved  at  the  apex  :  leaves  spreading, 
cusj)idate,  imbricate,  on  the  upper  part  of  the  branches  ovate, 
acute,  very  entire,  costate  to  below  the  point ;  those  at  the  toj> 
of  the  branches  broader,  more  obtuse,  serrulate ;  alar  cells  round- 
quadrate,  obscure,  the  uj)})er  oblong;  perichtetial  leaves  long, 
erect,  ovate-lanceolate,  acuminate,  nerved  to  above  the  middle, 
serrulate  at  the  apex :  capsule  suberect,  oval-cylindrical ;  oper- 
culum convex,  acuminate;  })edicel  long,  nearly  smooth. 

IlAii.    Northwest  coast  of  America  (Douglas). 

Mitten  states  tliat  it  is  not  imlike  //.  acwiilnatum,  Beauv.,  but  that  the 
leaves  are  quite  smooth  and  the  habit  appears  to  be  different.  The  rough- 
ness of  the  pedicel  is  so  slight  that  it  is  seen  only  when  specially  sought. 

09.  H.  lentum,  Mitt.  Dia'cious :  leaves  S])reading,  loosely 
imbricate,  cuspidate-imbricate  at  the  top  of  the  branches,  the 
lower  broader  and  shorter,  in  the  middle  ovate  and  short- 
acuminate,  those  of  the  branchlets  ovate-lanceolate  or  at  the 
a])ex  broader  and  more  obtuse,  narrowly  serrulate,  costate  to 
above  the  middle ;  cells  at  the  basal  .angles  broader,  mixed  with 
narrow  ones,  and  with  thickish  walls,  the  upper  narrow ;  peri- 
cluTtial  leaves  ecostate,  clas])ing  at  base,  serrulate,  recurved, 
entire  at  the  apex:  capsule  oval-cylindrical,  suberect,  irregular; 
pedicel  rough ;  segments  solid,  with  single  cilia  equalling  them 
in  length;  membrane  produced  to  one-third  the  length  of  the 
teeth.  —  Journ.  Linn.  Soc.  viii.  36. 


nypnurn.] 


BIIYACE.E. 


351 


IlAn,    Northwest  coast  of  Amorica  {Donglns). 

Differs  from  //.  (iplocladnm  in  its  roiiicli  pedicel  and  broader  leaves,  the 
pericluutial  spreading.  A  few  fragments  of  this  species  only  have  been 
seen.  It  appears  to  l)e  about  the  size  of  the  common  //.  inijurnm.  The 
scabrous  seta  of  this  moss  may  be  considered  a  new  feature  in  tlie  sub- 
genus to  which  it  is  here  referred,  but  after  consideration  of  the  cluiracters 
which  constitute  the  group  Isnthccinin,  it  becomes  evident  tliat  it  cannot 
be  defined  distinctly  from  the  groups  lirachijlhtcium  and  ticlcropodlum 
of  Schimper.  —  (Mitten.) 

Subgenus  XI.  EUIIIIYNCIIIUM.  (PI.  G.) 
Plants  more  or  less  distinctly  pinnatc-rnmulose.  Leaves 
open,  rarely  siibsecund,  cordate  at  base  and  decurrent,  broa<lly 
ovate  or  oblong,  acuminate,  serrate  all  around,  costate,  suU 
scarious,  rarely  soft ;  cells  smooth,  or  slightly  papillose  in  some 
American  species,  narrowly  rhomboidal,  subverrnicular,  enlarged 
at  the  l)asal  angles.  Perichaitial  bud  rooting.  Calyj)tra  fuga- 
cious. Capsule  on  a  rough  or  smooth  pedicel,  cernuous  or 
horizontal,  oval-oblong.  Operculum  more  or  less  long-rostrate. 
Peristome  of  JJrachi/thecium,  Annulus  compound,  rarely  none. 
—  Eurhynchium,  Schimp. 

*  Zieaues  narrowly  areohite^  [/^ossy,  striate. 
■*-  Pedicel  smooth  ^  flowers  monoecious  or  pseudo-mowvcioits. 

70.  H.  strigOSUm,  IToffm.  In  loose  flat  mats  or  in  dense 
inflated  tufts;  j)rimary  stems  creeping,  stoloniferous,  with  dis- 
tant leaves,  the  secondary  prostrate  or  erect,  ramulose ;  branch- 
lets  gradually  attenuate,  sometimes  flagelliform :  leaves  open, 
ovate  or  triangular-lanceolate  upon  the  branchlets  and  gradually 
narrowly  acufninate,  those  of  the  small  Ijranchlets  short  and 
less  acute,  or  blunt  at  the  apex;  para})hyllia  small,  round-uvato  ; 
cells  narrowly  rhomboidal,  the  alar  oval-quadrate  and  larger: 
flowers  pseudo-monoecious;  annual  buds  of  male  flowers,  con- 
taining antheridia  without  f»araphyses,  adhering  to  the  radicles 
of  fertile  ])lants;  j^ericlunetial  leaves  abruptly  narrowed  into  a 
long  filiform  flexuous  point,  with  a  tliin  costa  or  ecostate :  cap- 
sule cernuous  and  subhorizontal,  oval-ol)loni;  or  subcvlindrical, 
broadly  annulate;  operculum  rostrate,  convex  at  base;  teeth 
narrowly  lamcllose  inside  ,  cilia  tAvo,  slender,  not  a])pendi<'ulate, 
a  little  shorter  than  the  segments.  —  Deutschl.  Fl.  ii.  70.     II. 


f 


T 


352 


BUYACEyE. 


[IJuinium. 


V- 


+- 


r 


2')nlrheUi(m^   IIcilw.    Spec.    Muse.   iiCf),   t.   08.      I'Jur/ijuchium 
stri(josn)ii^  nrucli  Si  Scliinii).  IJi-yol.  Eur.  t.  511). 

II An.     Shady  sandy  i,'n)un(l,  in  hilly  regions  and  nu)nntain>*;  connnon. 

71.  H.  diver Sifolium,  .Srhirup.  Ms.     Much  like  ihc  last; 

tufts  tuorc  coiMiiact,  dirty  yelhnv,  stolouiferous;  hrandiL'S  and 

brauclik'ts  shurtcr,  erect,  julaccuus:  branch-leaves  eloscr,  tljoso 

of  the  brauehlets  ovate,  obtuse,  narrowly  eostate  or  ecostate 

more    distinctly   serrulate;    j)eriehietial     loaves    subsfpiarrose, 

ecostate.  —  /'Jui'/tynchiuni    divo'sifolitnii,    JJruch    iSc    Schiinn. 

Uryol.  Kur.  t.  H'JO.     Jl.  stn't/onwii,  var.  dloerslJ'oUutn^   Lindh. 

Muse.  Scand.  .']4. 

Hah.  Dry  sandy  liills,  under  chestnut  trees,  Oliio  (Lmrjncreux); 
shaded  hanks,  New  .Jersey  (Aufitin). 

7l'.  H.  Boscii,  Schwaeo-r.  Plants  robust,  in  wide  Ions.'  dark 
golden  yellow  mats;  stems  ])rostrate,  subpinnately  Itrancliinfj; 
Itranciu's  mostly  simj)le,  obtuse,  turi^id,  terete-foliate:  leaves 
closely  imbricate,  clasj)ini^  at  l)ase,  oblong-ovate,  narrowed  to  a 
twisted  liliform  point,  cochi  irifi^rm,  concave,  scarious,  shining, 
shortly  Itieostate  or  sinijily  eostate  to  the  middle;  aii'olatio?! 
narrowly  linear,  the  ijasilar  cells  shorter,  thick,  yellowish  brown; 
])ei-icluetial  leaves  narrowly  loug-aeuminate,  the  ininr  erect: 
capsule  oblong,  erect-incurved,  annulato;  segments  more  or  h'ss 
split;  cilia  three,  solid,  aiul  nearly  as  long.  —  Suj)pl.  i.  '2.  --'.'»; 
Sulliv.  ]\[()sses  of  IT.  States,  70,  and  Icon.  JMusc.  1(17,  t.  lUO.  JI. 
illecchrinn^  Iledw.  Spec.  Muse.  252,  t.  0(5,  excl.  syn. 

IIau,  On  the  ixround  and  on  sandstone  rocks  in  hilly  wooded  districts; 
not  unconiinon,  hut  rarely  in  fruit. 

This  fine  moss  is  without  close  analogy  to  any  other  species. 

-1-  -I-  Pedicel  rough. 

78.  H.  COlpophyllum,  Sulliv.  Ms.  Tufts  soft,  wide, 
dirty  green;  stems  i)rostrate;  branchlets  close,  erect,  tumid: 
leaves  scarious,  open,  loosely  incumbent,  ovate,  concave, 
abruptly  acuminaic,  blunt  at  the  apex  ;  costa  stout,  ])rominent 
on  the  back,  abruptly  disappearing  above  the  middle  and 
toothed  at  the  apex  ;  aroolation  long-linear,  acutely  hexagonal, 
the  alar  and  basilar  cells  nearly  similar:  caj)sule  cylindrical- 
oblong,  slightly  incurved,  constricted  under  the  orilice  when 
em])ty;  operculum  conical  at  base,  rostrate;  peristome  normal; 
annulus  double.  —  Eurhyiichiuin  colpophyllum^  Sulliv.  Icon. 
Muse.  Su])pl.  95,  t.  71. 


llypnnnu] 


DUYACE.E. 


353 


IlAii.     r'iilifornia  {li/fiflow,  ISM). 

Similar  to  tiicj  Emopfan  //.  rrnsuhirrvhnn,  (liffcriiiT  o'^Mocially  in  tlio 
sr.arioiH  Ic.'ivcs  willi  ;i  sliortcr  blimt  jinint,  tlio  costa  not  t|ii<'li,  aiul  tho 
I'ui'oliilioii  loii,!^<'r  iiiid  narrower,  llu;  ix'iiiluftial  leaves  eco.^Lale,  and  the 
capsule  longi'f  ami  oblong-cylindrical. 

74.  H.  piliferum,  Sclm-W.  Plants  ifiVLTiilai'ly  aii<l  loosoly 
cespitosu;  stems  Iimilj,  tlcxiums  j)i-i).>iiatc',  irivt;iilarly  brancliiiijjf, 
siibpiiinatt'ly  raiiiiilosc,  willioui  radiclts;  K  .ivcs  soua-wliat  loost', 
crc'C't,  ()|)C'ii,  ovatu-obloiit;,  al)i-ii|»lly  narmwrd  into  a  luiiu'  narrow 
fk'xuoiis  I'oint,  coiu-avo,  tlic  basilar  ani^'lcs  loii;^,  dccurri'nt,  ])v\- 
hu-i<l ;  ti»o  border  minutely  serrulate  all  around;  jieriduvtial 
leaves  s((uarrnli)se,  Svibecostate :  capsule  loni^'-jiedieeilate,  oval- 
oijlong  or  eyiindrical,  areuate,  constricted  under  the  orilice  and 
very  arcuate  when  empty;  ()])erctdum  larLje,  with  a  lon*^ 
incurved  beak  from  a  high  convex  base;  peristome  lari,''*';  teeth 
loni^;  se^jments  lon<jj-sul)ulate  ;  cilia  two  oi-  three,  slender,  nearly 
as  lont^  as  the  seonients,  not  apjieiuliculate.  —  Sjticil.  Fl.  Lij>s. 
01;  Iledw.  .Muse.  Frond,  iv.  ;}.'>,  t.  II;  Sulliv.  flosses  of  {J. 
St.ates,  lO").  J'Jiir/Djnchium pillfcnin},  llruch  tfc  Schimp.  IJryol. 
Eur.  t.  y;il. 

Hah.     Meadows,  borders  of  woods;  rare  in  fruit. 

75.  H.  prSBlongum,  Linn.  I\Iuch  like  the  last,  differing 
in  its  wide  Hat  loose  bright  or  dark  L'reen  mats,  the  steins  very 
slendei-,  jirostrato  their  whole  length,  the  leaves  serrulate  all 
around,  the  ]>ericli;ttial  very  narrowly  costate,  the  segments 
perforated  and  not  split  o|)en,  and  the  cilia  aiipendiculate. — 
Spec.  PI.  ll'J");  Hedw.  I.  c.  7*'>,  t.  "!{).  JUn/urJionti'iilniii  }yro'- 
loHf/u)))^  DeXotaris,  Briol.  Ttal.  N<).  KHrlnjnchluhi  pm l()n(jn)n^ 
IhMu-h  ct  Schimp.  Pryol.   Kur.  t.  524. 

Had.  British  rohnnbla  {Lijdll),  as  qnotod  by  Mitten,  who  makes  it 
the  equivalent  of  //.  SfoJi-eslt. 

X  species  very  difiic  idt  to  separate  from  IT.  //?V/n.s.  which  i])pears  to  be 
an  American  variety  of  it.  Tlie  true  //.  pro  lo)i;/niii  has  scarcly  been 
found  on  this  continent;  at  least  we  liave  seen  notliing  referalde  !o  it. 

76.  H.  Sullivantii,  Spruce,  ^Is.  Pl.'uits  small,  densely 
oespitosG  or  loosely  intricate,  pale  green,  dirty  yellow  below  ; 
stems  slender,  snbfastigiately  ramulose,  the  liranchlets  erect: 
iiaves  erect,  narrowly  ovate-lanceolate,  long-acuminate,  concave 
and  recurved  on  the  borders  at  base,  sparsely  papillose  on  the 
liack,  costate  to  above  the  middle  ;  cell^  minute,  Hexuons,  linear, 
obtuse,  those  of  the  angles  subquadrate;   perichautial  leaves 


>» 


-^ 


I' ; 


Ml' 


354 


bkyace.t:. 


\lffjpnum. 


■  M  if 


•f 


-/- 


oblong,  slieatliing  at  base,  narrowed  to  a  filiform  flexiious  jxdnt, 
Huliectjstati! :  (;aj»sulo  oval-oblonLj,  <^il>I»>us-ovat(! ;  opcrciilurn 
conical,  short-rohtratc ;  ju'ristoine  normal;  aiiiuiliis  .sim)tl(',  per- 
sistent.—  iSulliv.  Muse,  it  Ilepat.  of  North.  U.  States  (IS IS, 
correetion),  Mosses  of  U.  States,  ()!),  au'l  Icon.  Muse.  105,  t. 
lOi").     JI.  }>va lomjuin^  Sulliv.,  (Jray\s  Mainial,  ed.  1,  OTd. 

II All.     On  tin;  giouiul  in  the  iii;irj,'iiis  of  woodlands,  by  ItiiKjIts,  oto. 

Inlciincdialo  IntwctMi  //.  praUnxjum  ami  //.  Wlilpiilnnniin,  dilTcritiq 
from  the  lirst  in  its  shorter  oi)or(:uhnu,  ami  the  slenderly  acuininalc  leaves, 
scaircly  paiiilloso  on  the  baek.  In  11.  \V/iii>i>lctiniim,  the  exannidatc  cap- 
8ul(!  is  ain'nplly  horizontal,  the  lid  is  shorter  and  eonical-ai)it'iil,it,e,  ami 
the  leavt'S  of  a  thieker  texture,  stroiij,'ly  papillose,  and  with  a  tliii.'k  pel- 
lueid  eosta  rcaehing  nearly  to  the  apex. 

77.  H.  hians,  Jledw.  IMants  dej)ressed,  oespitose,  yellowish 
green,  shining;  stems  with  few  branches,  tlexuous,  eieepini;; 
branchlets  distichous,  short,  nearly  simple:  leaves  loose,  flat  or 
spreading,  cordate-ovate,  more  or  less  long-pointed,  plancvcoii- 
cave,  recurved  on  the  borders,  serrulate  oidy  above,  narrowly 
costate  to  above  the  middle;  areolation  long,  hexigonal ;  peri- 
cha'tial  leaves  long,  narrowly  short-acuminate,  sliaiply  sen-ate 
ut  the  aj)ex,  s(Hiarrose,  the  inner  subecostate :  vagiuule  hirsute 
by  long  j»rotruding  paraj)hyses:  capsule  o\al-oblong,  cerniions, 
subincurved ;  lid  long,  sid)idate-rost rate  from  a  convex-eonieal 
base;  teeth  i)rominently  lamellosc  inside ;  segments  as  long  as 
the  teeth,  cleft;  cilia  two,  a  little  shorter  than  the  segments. — 
Spec.  :Musc.  272,  t.  70 ;  Sulliv.  Mosses  of  T.  States,  (iO,  and 
Icon.  Muse.  IGiJ,  t.  104.  Pteritppiamlriiyii  ((picnl((fjn)i,  \>v\<\. 
Muse,  llecent.  Suppl.  i.  137.  J/.  ])rf(:loii[/iwi,  Muell.  Syn.  ii. 
44G,  in  i)art. 

II An.     Moist  shady  banks,  hillsides  in  woods;  common. 

78.  H.  Stokesii,  Turn.  Tufts  rigid,  somewhat  infiated, 
bright  or  dirty  green  ;  stem  thick,  solid  ;  branches  simple  below, 
densely  pinnate  and  bipinnate  above  with  stout  sim))le  rigid 
s(|narrose-foliate  branchlets:  stem-leaves  distant,  divaricate  and 
recurved,  costate,  acuminate,  excavate  at  the  decurrent  angles, 
those  of  the  branchlets  smaller,  erect-spreading,  broadly  ovate- 
lanceolate,  .acmninate,  all  narrowly  cc^state  to  below  the  point, 
sharjdy  serrate  all  around ;  ])erich{etium  squarrose,  the  inner 
leaves  long,  iiliform-acimiinate,  serrate,  ecostate  :  capsule  hori- 
zontal, subpendent  when  dry,  oblong  or  oval,  subcylindrical  and 
constricted  under  the  orifice  Avhen  dry  and  empty ;  operculum 


Ilypnwn,] 


IJUYACE.E. 


356 


Ion *j-r()st rate  from  a  conical  base,  tho  suLulato  beak  tnrnod 
u|>\\anl;  j»('risl(»ino  an(l  annuhis  as  in  If,  prolonijioii,  —  AIuso. 
IIil>.  ir)0,  t.  1.').  If.  pralonfjinn^  var.  iS(<i/,r.iii,  IJriil.  1.  c.  ii.  108. 
Juirhi/nc/tiutit  *SVu/.('.s<"/,  Hnu'li  ct  Si-liinip.  IJryui.  Imii*.  t.  ^>'Ht, 

IIaii.     SIi;i(ly  grassy  slopes,  Xortliwostcni  AiiHM'icii;  coniiiioii. 

71).  H.  Oreganum,  Sulliv.  Closely  allied  to  the  last,  dif- 
feriniif  in  tlie  plants  beinj;  lar<;er,  nu»re  robust,  very  lon^j  and 
ereepiriLj,  onee  or  twiee  branched,  regularly  an<l  closely  |tinnately 
ramulose,  the  leaves  thinner  and  firnier,  with  loiii^'cr  and  nar- 
rower areolation,  the  liasal  angles  not  so  much  excavated,  and 
the  perichietial  leaves  reflexed  (not  siinply  s|»readini^).  —  ^Fevn. 
Amer.  Acad.  iv.  172  (1S41)),  and   IJot.   Wilkes  Kxped.  Muse. 

IG,  1. 1:{,  n. 

IIaij.   riigc't  Sound  (Pickcriwj,  Lyall) ;  California  {Ul'jdoxc,  etc.). 

SunoKxus  XII.     RAPIIIDOSTEGIUM. 

Generally  small,  drooj)ing-ces|»itose,  irrei^ularly  ramose  and 
ramulose.  Leaves  si)reading,  glossy,  ojion  all  around  or  sulv 
secund,  those  of  the  branches  and  stems  similar,  oblonji;-lanceo- 
late,  acuminate,  ecostate  or  shortly  bicostate  at  base;  borders 
rellexed  ;  areolation  minute,  linear,  flexuous,  with  3  to  5  cells  at 
the  basal  angles  oldong  and  inflated.  Cajisule  cernuous,  hori- 
zontal or  subcrect,  oval-oblong.  Oj)erculum  long-subulate,  ros- 
trate.    Pedicel  generally  smooth. 

80.  H.  demissum,  Wils.  Monoecious  :  tufts  small,  yellow- 
ish or  dirty  green:  leaves  imbricate,  comjjressed,  or  subsecund, 
ovate  or  oblong-lanceolate,  ecostate,  marked  at  base  by  two 
short  striiT,  very  entire  ;  basilar  cells  yellow ;  ])ericha'tium  closely 
imbricate :  capsule  inclined,  small,  horizontal,  oval-oblong,  yel- 
low, exannulate,  constricted  under  the  orifice  when  eiujity; 
operculum  lai-ge,  with  a  slender  beak  as  long  as  the  sporangium; 
])odicel  very  slender,  curved  above;  teeth  orange.  —  Engl.  liot. 
Suppl.  t.  2740.  llltynchosterjium  demission^  Brueli  tfe  Schimp. 
Bryol.  Eur.  t.  r)07. 

Var.  Carolinianuir .  Branches  longer,  flaccid,  dirty 
green:  leaves  revolute  on  the  borders  all  around. — II.  demis- 
sum, Sulliv.  Muse.  Allegh.  n.  48.  //.  CaroUniaiaim,  Muell. 
Syn.  ii.  327.  II  demissum,  var.,  Sulliv.  &  Lesq.  Muse.  Bor.- 
Amer.  Exsicc.  n.  298''- 


-f- 


hiill^ 


H/     : 


356 


BRYACEiE. 


[iiui 


mum. 


^   Vi 


/- 


'(■ 


■f 


t 


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|i    ' 


V'ar.  Marylandicum.  More  ro1)iist,  green;  branches  sul)- 
cuspidute  at  the  a])ex:  leaves  broadly  ovate-aeinninate,  with 
borders  erect:  pedicel  much  stouter;  capsule  oblong,  suh- 
c(!rnuous,  contracted  at  the  orifice.  —  J/,  dendssum,  var.,  Sulliv. 
Muse.  AUegh.  n.  41);  Sulliv.  &  Lesq.  1.  c,  n.  ^UH*^-  //.  Marj- 
landicitri),  Muell.  1.  c.  828. 

IIai!.  Wot  rocks  in  the  mountains,  and  borilera  of  streams,  in  tlio 
Soulliorn  Slatt-s;  sometimes  immersed. 

81.  H.  N0V8B-Cesare8B,  Austin.  Di<rcious:  in  glossy 
yellow  flat  patches;  stems  jirostrate,  slender,  filiform,  with  few 
short  simi)le  suberect  branches:  lower  leaves  spreading,  the 
up])cr  appressed  and  subsecund,  roundish-aj)iculate,  concave,  ser- 
rulate, obscurely  two-nerved  at  base,  the  margins  slightly 
reflexed  below:  fruit  unknown.  —  Muse,  Appal,  n.  440.  J/, 
micanti^  Wils.  in  Hook.  Brit.  Fl.  ii.  80,  not  Swartz,  (liryHo- 
brj/um  nn'caHS,  Lindb. ;  Sidliv.  Icon.  Muse.  Sup]>l.  01,  t.  07. 
lihyncliosteyium  JVoav-Cesarecc,  Austin   in    Coult.  IJot.  (j.iz. 

i.  ,'io. 

IIai$.  On  rocks  subject  to  inundation,  in  mountain  rivulets;  Sliawan- 
guiik  Mountain,  New  Jersey  {Aastin)\  Allegliany  Mountains,  IViuisyl- 
vania  ( ]Vollc,  licut). 

82.  H.  recurvans,  Schwaegr.  Dicrcious:  in  Avide  d>- 
pressed  pale  green  or  }ellowish  brown  tufts;  stems  prostrate, 
reddish,  piiniately  and  densely  ranudose ;  branchh.'ts  plano-fol- 
iatc :  leaves  close,  imbricate,  secund,  thin,  soft,  pale,  concave, 
ovatedaneeohite,  filiform-acinniiuite,  serridate  at  the  ape.v,  nar- 
rowly recurved,  obsoletely  bicostate ;  cells  of  the  basal  anirles 
dirty  yellow;  perichatia!  leaves  gradually  long-acuminate,  scrru- 
hite  at  the  ajiex:  capsule  short,  tiu'gid,  oblong,  inclined,  slightly 
incurved,  cxanniilate  ;  operculimi  more  or  less  long-rostrate  from 
a  conical  base;  teeth  and  segments  large ;  cilia  two,  stoiit,  nearly 
as  long.  — Suppl.  i.  2.  28'.),  atid  ii.  1.  lOo,  t.  U();  Sidliv.  Mosses 
of  U.  States,  71,  and  Icon.  ]\[usc.  177,  t.  3.  J.es/ica  rccm-raii.'i^ 
and  L.  tt(/it<fn'Ofti(,  ^fichx.  Fl.  Bor.-Am.  ii.  311,  812. 

IIau.  On  trees  and  decayed  logs  in  mountain  districts;  very  coiniiion, 
and  variable  in  size. 

88.  H.  cylindricarpum,  jMucII.  Diondous:  in  fiat  broad 
intricate  mats,  green  ]»assing  to  dirty  yelloAv;  stems  slender, 
crce])ing,  with  few  l)ranehes,  pinnately  ramuiose ;  branchlets 
slender:  leaves  compressed,  two-ranked,  or  falcate-seeuiul,  nar- 
rowly oblong-lanceolate,  acuminate,  concave,  sharply  serrate  at 


Ili/pnian.] 


BRTACE.E. 


357 


the  apex  ;  borders  recurved  below;  alar  cells  large,  suhquadrate, 
vosiculo.se,  the  upper  hyaline ;  pericluetial  leaves  loosely  imbri- 
cate, erect.,  the  inner  gi'aduaiiy  narroA'ed  to  a  filiform  coarsely 
dentate  point :  cajisule  loiii;,  cylindrical-oblong,  regular,  ert'ct  or 
slightly  inclined;  operculiini  oblicjue-conical,  long-rostrate;  cilia 
none  or  rudimentary;  .annulus  none.  —  Syn.  ii,  JJOS;  Sulliv. 
Mosses  of  U.  States,  71,  and  Icon.  Muse.  ITI),  t.  lOD.  Leskea 
tenali'of^trh^  Schinij).  Ms.;  Sidliv.  in  (-Jray's  Manual,  v(\.  1,  (i(j8. 
llAii.  On  decayed  logs  in  woods;  New  Jersey  to  Ohio  and  southward; 
not  common. 

84.  H.  micro carpum,  Muell.  jMoncecious:  in  very  small 
intricate  tufts,  shining  green  or  golden  tinted  ;  stems  prostrate, 
with  short  recurved  or  incurved  branches:  leaves  close,  sul>- 
homomallous,  narrowly  oblong-hmceolate,  short-acuminate,  sul>- 
serrulate  at  the  aj)e.\,  marked  with  two  basilar  short  striiu ; 
areolation  loose,  linear-fusiform,  the  alar  cells  much  larger,  the 
u])per  (puidrate,  the  lower  8  to  5  on  each  side  oblong,  inflated, 
yellow;  pericluetial  leaves  oblong-acuminate:  calyi)tra  persistent, 
descending  to  below  the  orifice  of  the  capsule :  capsule  very 
small,  oval  or  oblong,  erect,  thin,  slightly  constricted  under  the 
red  orifice  when  dry;  operculum  long,  subulate-rostrate  from  a 
depressed  conical  l)ase  ;  teeth  marked  by  a  distinct  divisional 
line;  cilia  simjde,  short,  half  as  long  as  the  segments;  annulus 
none.  —  Syn.  ii.  820;  Sulliv.  INIosses  of  I^.  States,  71,  and  Icon. 
Muse.  17;'),  t.  110,     L'lskca  adnat<(^  Miehx.  1.  c.  814. 

Var.  anisocarpon,  Sulliv.  Cai)sule  subhori/.ontal,  unsym- 
inetrical,  short,  oblong  or  subovate,  gradually  luarrovved  at  base, 
turbinate  and  constricted  under  the  orifice  when  dry.  —  Icon. 
Muse.  175.     //.  mfmi.i'tu))),  Sulliv.  Proc.  Ani-'r.  Acad.  v.  '289. 

II AH.  On  trees,  in  tlie  Southern  States,  very  coinnion  and  variable; 
cedar  swamps.  Ohio.  The  varic'v  in  Cuba  (Wrhjlit);  Xew  Jersey 
{Aufitin). 

85.  H.  Jamesii.  JMoiuecious:  j'hmts  very  small,  depressed, 
pale  or  dirty  green,  glossy;  stems  slender,  creeping,  sub|)in- 
nately  ramulose ;  branchlets  whoi't,  horizontal,  more  or  less 
recurved  :  leaves  sonu'what  distant,  flattened,  the  lateral  sjiread- 
ing,  ovate  at  base,  gradually  narrowd  into  a  long  fdiform  ])oint, 
ncH  costate;  borders  Hat  or  reflexed  abf»ve,  subrevolute  on  one 
side  toward  the  base,  denticulate  above,  not  costate  or  obso- 
letely  costate  at  base;  alar  ccIIm  few,  oval  or  linear,  ol^tuse, 
Komewhat  inflated;  pericluetial  leaves  short-acuminate,  deuticu- 


-f 


-h 


-/ 


358 


BRYACE^. 


[ILjpnuri 


4 


nu 


1    1 ) 

P 

h 

'I 

m 


( , 


"W^Bi 


f 


late  at  the  apex,  the  upper  tubulosc :  caj).sulo  obloiig-ovato 
iiu lined,  dilated  at  the  orifiee  and  cylindrical-oblon<^  when  dry' 
oj>ei'culum  rostcllate  irom  a  conical  base ;  seifiiu'iits  sH<,ditly 
open  between  the  articulations,  a  little  longer  than  the  solitary 
cilia ;  aiiiuihis  sinij)k',  large.  —  lthijnchoste(jiuni  Janiesii^  vSulliv. 
Icon.  Muse.  Supjd.  i)"J,  t.  G8 ;  Austin,  Coult.  Bot.  Gaz.  i.  31. 

IIab.     Erroll  Dam,  Androscoggin  Jiiver,  Xow  Ilanip,' ivre  (Janus). 

yO.  H.  laxepatuium.  Like  the  last  in  liabit,  size  and  color, 
differing  in  the  oi)en  leaves  two-ranked  and  coni])ressc(l,  sjiinosc- 
denticulale  toward  the  apex,  the  alar  cells  twice  as  large  ;ind 
the  lowest  vesicular,  the  ca])sule  shorter,  ])yriforni  when  dry 
and  much  dilated  at  the  orifice,  the  oj)erculuin  twice  as  long 
and  acutely  rostrate,  the  teeth  rugose-])aj)illose  at  the  aj>e.\,  the 
segments  entire,  ami  the  cilia  none  or  rudimenlary :  jierhaps 
di(ecious,  the  male  ilowers  being  imknown.  —  JilnjJic/iustiijSioa 
delicattduni,  James;  8ulliv.  Icon.  Muse.  Su])])l.  93,  t.  GO  ;  Austin 
1.  c.  30. 

II AU.     Same  as  the  last  {Jmncs). 

SunoENus  XIII.    PJIYNCIIOSTEGIUM.     (PI.  G.) 

Plants  larger  than  in  liajtJndostrnium^  the  stems  prostrate, 
irregularly  divided,  more  or  less  compressed.  Leaves  often 
two-raid<ed,  ovate-lanceolate,  acuminate,  unicostate  or  shortly 
bicostate ;  areolation  somewhat  loose,  elongated-rhond)oi(]al. 
Capsule  oval,  inclined  and  cernuous.  Lid  rostrate.  —  Ilhyn- 
c/t.oster/(U))),  Schimp. 

H7.  H.  geophilum,  Aust.  IVFs.  Tufts  thin,  very  soft  ami 
loose,  bluish  or  yellowish  irreen,  verv  glossv :  leaves  Hat,  disti- 
chous,  somewhat  distant,  horizontally  s])reading,  oblong-lanceo- 
late, tapering  to  a  blunt  ])oint,  distantly  sen-ulate,  bicostulate ; 
areolation  long,  narrow,  tlexiums,  the  alar  cells  few,  not  hya- 
line :  capsule  snudl,  thin,  short,  ovate-gibbous;  operculum  coni- 
cal, long-rostrate,  the  beak  turned  upward  or  downward  ;  seg- 
ments narrow,  linear  ;  cilia  two  or  three,  nearly  as  long  as  the 
aogments,  some  of  them  unecjual ;  annulus  large,  compound. — 
Ji/i)/)H'/iosfef/iinn  geophilum^  Aust.  ]\[usc.  Appal,  n.  345  ;  Sulliv. 
Icon.  IMusc.  Supi»l.  1)4,  t.  70.  //.  depressimty  James,  Proc. 
Amer.  Philos.  Soc.  xiii.  114,  not  Swartz;  Sulliv.  &>  Lesq.  Muse. 
Bor.-Amer.  Exsicc.  (ed.  2),  n.  437. 


■M  It 


UjjpiiUhi 


I3KYACE/E. 


359 


IIaij.  Clayey  sliadod  ground,  Xew  Jersey  (Austin);  Pennsylvania 
{James);  New  York  (I'cck). 

88.  H.  deplanatum,  iSchimp,  Ms.  Dia'cions :  fertile 
plants  small,  the  stei'ile  larger;  tufts  flattened  to  the  ground, 
|ial(^  green,  or  yellowish  brown  in  dry  places;  steins  with  few 
hraiiclies,  irregularly  or  subpinnately  raniulose,  branches  and 
branchlets  (•l<)sely  adhering  to  the  ground  by  radicK'S,  like  the 
priniai'v  steins  :  leaves  two-ranked,  imbricate,  ovate-lanceolate, 
gradually  acuminate,  thin,  coucavi',  serrulate  all  around,  the  -/- 
costa  short-obsolete  or  none  ;  cells  linear,  fusiform,  ilexuous,  the 
l)asilar  enlarged,  similar:  caj>sule  oval-oblong,  nearly  ng'ular, 
cernuous,  arciu'd,  plicate,  constricted  under  the  eidarged  orilice 

and  tui'binate  when  dry;  peristome  as  in  the  last  sj)ecies;  annu- 
his  none.  —  S\iHiv.  Muse.  Allegh.  n.  50,  Mosses  of  U.  fstates, 
70,  and  Icon.  Muse.  171,  t.  108. 

IIau.  Dry  woods  in  close  tliin  mats  upon  clayey  ground,  stones,  or 
roots  of  trees;  connnon,  but  very  raicly  fruiting.     Male  (lu  v<!rs  unknown. 

89.  H.  serrulatum,  Iledw.  Moiia>cious:  plants  widely 
expanded,  pale  green;  stems  closely  creeping,  long-branching; 
branchlets  distant,  distichous  or  subpinnate  :  leaves  two-raid<ed, 
thin,  ilat,  very  open,  ovate-lanceolate,  acuminate,  seri'ulate 
above,  thinly  costate  to  above  the  middle;  areolation  loose, 
long-rhomboidal,  similar  at  the  base  ;  pericluetial  leaves  oblong, 
scarious,  whitish,  costate,  .abrujjtly  acuminate,  flexuous  at  the 
apex  :  caj)sule  oblong,  long-pedicellate,  cernuous,  incurved  ;  lid 
long-rostrate,  conical  at  base  ;  segments  as  long  as  the  teeth  ; 
cilia  two  or  three,  a  little  shorter  ;  annulus  very  large,  com- 
pound. —  Sjiec.  Muse.  2.')^,  t.  GO  ;  Sulliv.  Mosses  of  U.  States, 
7t),  ami  Icon.  Muse.  109,  t.  107. 

IIah.  On  the  ground  in  dry  woods,  in  loose  thin  mats,  usually  over 
(li'oayed  leaves.     Closely  allied  to  //.  cniifcrtuiii,  Dicks. 

90.  H.  rUSCiforme,  AVeis.  Plants  loosely  intricate,  cespi- 
tose,  pendent  or  Hoating,  rigid,  dark  or  dirty  green  ;  stems  pros- 
trate; branches  erect,  incurved:  leaves  ojien,  tenacious,  nar- 
rowed at  base,  ovate,  broadly  oblong,  acuminate,  gradually 
smaller  toward  the  apex  of  the  branches,  distinctly  serrulate, 
costati!  to  below  the  point  ;  areolation  narrowly  rhomboidal ; 

alar  cells  long-oval  or  lineai-,  obtuse  ;  perichietial  leaves  ecos-         y~ 
tate,   the   upjier   half-sheathing,   abruptly   acuminate:    ca})sule 
ovate,  ceriiuous  or  subincurved,  with  a  short  distiiu't  neck,  solid, 
constricted  uniler  the  oriiice  when  dry  ;  operculum  large,  solid, 


^ 


.i^- 


H     « 


IK 


I'   i  *  '  '     ' 

i   * 


360 


BRYACEiE. 


[IIi/pnuttL 


long-rostratc ;  teeth  dark  orange;  cilia  two  or  three,  un((|ual ; 
aniiiUus  l;irge.  —  Cry])t.  Gutl.  225.  //.  7'ij>arioides,  Ileihv. 
Muse.  Frond,  iv.  10,  t.  4.  Ji/i>jnchostc(/iuin  rascij'ui'i.w.,  Jjrucli 
&  Seliinij).  ]>ryoL  Eur.  t.  515,  51G. 

Var.  Atlanticum.  ►Stems  very  long:  leaves  longer,  suh- 
seeund,  sliort-aeiiniinate,  obseurely  striate,  dirty  green,  glossy. 
—  Bruch  Sc  Sehinip.  1.  c.,  as  .llliynehostetjiain. 

Var.  inundatum.  Stems  much  divided,  tlexuous,  ]irt)strate, 
densely  foliate  :  leaves  ovate-oblong,  gradually  narrowed  :  caji- 
sulo  short-pedieelled,  arcuate,  thick.  —  JJi'ueh  &,  Scliimj).  1.  c. 

ILvis.     Stones  and  wood,  in  running  water;  plains  and  mountains. 

01.  H.  CUrvisetum,  i>rid.  3[on(jeclous :  loosely  dt'jiressed- 
cesjtitose,  dark  green,  ii'regularly  branching  and  raiuulose; 
branclilets  rigid,  spreaillng,  incurved:  leaves  erect-sjireadiug, 
striate,  those  of  the  stems  and  lower  ]»art  of  branehes  distant, 
the  terminal  crowded,  lanceolate  and  narrowly  oblong-lanceo- 
late, aciuninate,  concave,  costate  to  the  mi<ldl  ,  more  or  less 
distinctly  seri'ulate ;  cells  elongate(l-rhond)oi(lal,  the  basilar  in 
three  or  four  rows,  oblong,  obtuse,  hyaline ;  pericho-'tial  leaves 
few,  ecostate,  long  laiicoolate-acuminate  :  capsule  solid,  oval  or 
oblong,  with  a  distinct  coUum,  horizontal  ;  pedicel  tlexuous, 
rough  ;  operculum  yellow,  long-subulate,  rostrate  ;  cilia  nearly 
as  long  as  the  segments,  simple  or  geminate. — Muse.  Uecent. 
Suppl.  ii.  Ill  ;  Lindb.  Journ.  Linn.  Soc.  xiii.  68.  JiJii/iichostc^ 
giwii  IV/'fiddlii,  Bruch  S:  Schimp.  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  509,  excl.  syn. 

IIau.     Fainnount  Park,  Pliiladelpliia  (Jitmcs}, 

Species  i/isiifficientl)/  known  and  not  certainly  reftnihle  to  this 

subgenus. 

02.  H.  Caloosiense,  Aust.  ]\ron(rcious :  prostrate,  tlio 
stems  intricate,  6  to  8  cm.  long,  subpinnately  branching:  leaves 
sid)flattened,  1)roadly  obliquely  ovate,  subacuminatt',  theboi-ders 
plane,  obsoletely  serrulate  toward  the  apex  ;  costa  geminate, 
distinct  to  near  the  middle  ;  areolation  loose,  rhond)oidal,  fusi- 
form ;  ]iara]ihyllia  long-subulate,  subfasciculate :  capsule  l)roadly 
oval,  })endent  on  a  short  smooth  pedicel,  nnu  h  constricted 
under  the  orifice  when  dry,  obtuse  at  base:  fir-,  !;•>  small. — 
Coult.  Bot.  Gaz.  iv.  161.  ' 

IlAn.     Low  hmnniocks  on  the   Caloosahachee   Rii' !•    J.  J'.  Su>'>ih, 
Austin). 
Somewhat  Uke  JI.  deplanatiun  and  U.  micans,  but  readily  lUsiirguished 


Uypnum.] 


BRYACE.E. 


361 


from  tlu!  first  by  its  nioncvcious  inflorescence,  short  pointetl  entire  leaves, 
lunl  nuicli  lonsior  enliru  parapliyllia;  from  llie  second  by  its  more  obso- 
letely  serrated  leaves,  and  l)y  the  presence  of  pai.,nbyllia;  from  both  by  its 
darker  green  color,  more  copiously  branched  items,  and  much  more  loosely 
areolated  leaves,  the  longer  costa,  and  the  pendulous  capsule.  —  (Austin.) 

Oi>.  H.  RoySB,  Aust.  Dia'cious  :  steins  rigid,  slender,  with 
few  t>nbcunij)res!seJ  branclics  :  leaves  scattered,  half-open,  ovate 
or  ovate-lanceolate,  Hhar})ly  acuminate,  somewhat  concave, 
Hat  and  minutely  serrate  on  the  borders,  costate  to  above  the 
middle  ;  cells  oval  and  oblong,  rhomboidal ;  pericluetial  leaves 
long-subulate,  acuminate  from  an  oblong-ovate  base,  ecostate, 
subserrate  at  the  apex,  s({uarrose.  —  Coult.  liot.  Gaz.  iii.  31. 

IIaij.     California  (Mrs.  Jt.'mlt  Hoy). 

92.  H.  Brandegei,  Aust.  1.  c.  Densely  cespitose,  yellowish 
green  ;  stems  erect,  nearly  simjile,  slightly  tumid  and  com- 
j)ressed  :  leaves  imbricate,  l)roadly  ovate,  concave,  2-3-plicate, 
abruptly  short-subulate  or  filifoi-m,  acuminate,  flat  on  the  bor- 
ders, entire  or  obscurely  serrate  ;  costa  sim]>lc  or  forking,  i-each- 
ing  the  middle  ;  cells  narrowly  oblong,  fusiform,  strict,  the  basi- 
lar a  little  longer,  sliort. 

IIaij.     Colorado  (lirandegce). 

The  author  compares  it  with  //.  muralc,  II.  piliferum,  IT.  Coloradense, 
and  even  Mith  II.  acuiiunatuDi,  thus  showing  the  uselessncss  of  descrip- 
tions made  from  incomplete  specimens. 


SunoExus  XIV.     TIIAMNIUM.     (PI.  6.) 

Plants  dendroid  from  a  sid)terrancan  rhizome-likc  stem ; 
secondary  stems  erect,  solid,  woody,  with  distichous  or  fascicu- 
late apical  branches  and  branchlets.  Leaves  8-ranked,  those  of 
the  primary  stems  and  of  the  lower  part  of  the  secondary  very 
small,  distant,  scarious,  aj^presscd,  the  upper  gradually  larger, 
green,  loosely  imbricate,  ovate-lanccolatc,  coarsely  dentate  or 
serrate  at  the  apex  ;  areolation  dense,  nruTowly  linear,  jiellucid 
at  the  base,  gradually  shorter-rectangular  upward,  minutely 
rhomboidal-quadrate  and  chlorophyllose  toward  the  apex. 
Calyptra  covering  the  capsule  to  the  middle.  Capsules  gen- 
erally clustered,  ovate-ol)long,  horizontal  by  the  curving  of  the 
short  arcuate  smooth  pedicel.  Opierculum  long-rostrate.  Peri- 
stome large ;  segments  as  long  as  the  teeth,  cleft  between  the 


362 


BliYACE^. 


[Uypnum. 


articulations ;  cilia  2  or  3,  long,  appendicuL^tn.  Annulus  nar- 
row.—  2Vuir/uiiu}/iy  Schinip. 

O.").  H.  Alleghaniense,  Mucll.  Plants  green  :  leaves  of 
the  branches  and  branchlets  ereet-si>reading,  oblong-elliptical, 
broad  and  short-i)ointe(l,  the  j)erieluetial  erect,  narrowly  aciuui- 
nate,  ecostate :  Howers  syiujecious  and  niona'cious :  capsule 
sli<)rt-i)e(licelled,  with  a  broad  oriticc  ;  annulus  simple,  —  Syn. 
/  ii.  r)(liJ;  Siilliv.  Mosses  of   U.  States,  GO,  and  Icon.  Muse.  IGl, 

t.  10.}.  J/.  }itckei'oides,  Hook.  Jt  Wils.  in  Drunini.  .Muse  Anier. 
(Coll.  II.),  n.  I  ID.  Tkaiiudiuti  Allejhauiense,  IJruch  tt  Scliinij). 
Jjryol.  Kui'.  y/utni/iiunt,  4. 

IlAn.  iJocky  and  shady  banks;  Pennsylvania,  Ohio,  Arkansas;  .St. 
liOiiis  (Dntiitiiiond).  Though  not  connnou,  it  is  widely  dislribulcd,  most- 
ly in  lilt!  i)lains,  along  rocky  liinoijLone  crocks. 

9b.  H.  neckeroides,  Hook.  DilTers  from  ilie  last  in  the 
broad  siii-atiiing  acuminate  and  rcHexed  })ericha;lial  lea\i's,  and 
the  diiecious  inlloi'escence.  —  Muse.  p]xot.  t.  .OfS.  JI.  Xeckent^ 
Schwaegr.  Suppl.  iii.  2,  t.  288.  T/uanniuin  neckeroUlcfi^  Druch 
<fc  Schinip.  1,  c. 

IIau.     Northwest  coast  (il/e)i2/es). 

07.  H.  Bigelovii,  Sulliv.  Dioecious:  branchlets  Hat ;  leaves 
bright  green,  shining  and  striate  when  dry,  two-ranked,  spread- 
ing, obl(»ng-acuminate,  flat  and  serrate  at  the  apex,  the  borders 
inflexed  on  one  side;  areolation  i)arenchymatose  ;  ixu-icho^tial 
leaves  lanceolate,  linear-acuminate,  serrate  above,  costate  :  cap- 
sule oval,  distinctly  necked ;  pedicel  thick,  arcuate  above ; 
J  inner  mend^rane  very  large  ;  cilia  two,  a])pendiculate  ;  annulus 

hirge,  compound.  —  Pacif.  R.  Rep.  iv.  180,  t.  9. 

TIau.  Valleys  of  the  Coast  Ranges,  and  mountains  of  California 
(Blycloio,  Bolander). 

SuncExus  Xy.  PLAGIOTHECIUM.  (PI.  G.) 
Plants  partly  prostrate,  irregularly  branching  and  rrmulose, 
stoloniferous,  rooting,  soft  and  variable  in  size.  Leaves  thin, 
glossy,  mostly  entire;  costa  none,  or  double,  very  slun-t  and 
thin ;  areolation  long  and  narrowly  rhomboidal-hexagonal, 
larger  at  the  base,  sjiaringly  chlorophyllose.  Flowers  monop- 
cious,  rarely  dioecious ;  jierichoetium  sheathing,  radiculose  at 
base  J    vaginule    smooth.      Cal^ptra   very   narrow,   fugacious. 


Ili/pnwn.] 


BKYACEiE. 


3G3 


Cii|)suk'  suLeroct,  oblicpio  or  subliurizontal,  ovul-oblonu^,  sotno- 
what  incurved  or  arcniato,  short-neokeil,  tliin,  smooth,  rarely 
sulcale  when  dry.  Teeth  of  the  peristome  wliitish.  —  I*l'j<jij- 
thcciuhi,  Scliiiu]). 

♦   2'ccCh  of  tlie  2><^i'iiitome  dislantli/  articulate ,'  cilia  none. 
■t-   I'loicers  ditccions. 

9S.  H.  latebricola,  Liiulb.  ]\Is.  Phmts  small,  ccsitilulosc, 
yellowish  or  hrii^ht  L;'i'eeii,  shiiiiiin" ;  stems  short,  very  slender, 
asceiidinLi',  s|)arin_uly  braiiehiiiu:,  I'adieuluse  at  base:  leaves  loose, 
erect-spreadiiiii,-,  ovate-laneeolale,  lonj^-aeumiiiate,  decurrent,  very 
entire,  slinhtly  coiifave,  recurved  on  the  borders,  obsolttely  two- 
nerved  ;  areolation  long  and  narrow;  inner  periclnetial  leaves 
ovate-' uiceolate,  erect:  capsule  very  small,  subert'ct,  oval  or 
obloiiu',  tapering  to  the  base,  thin,  with  a  broa<l  orifice  an<l  sub- 
turbinate  when  dry  ;  operculum  large,  ajdculate  or  short-ros- 
trate from  a  tumid  conical  base;  teeth  whitish;  segments  as 
long  as  the  teeth,  entire,  narrow,  hyaline-puiuttate ;  anmdus 
nai'row. —  Lcs/,'ca  latebricola,  Wils.  IJr\()l.  ]Jrit.  o'JI',  t.  ")4. 
Plagivtli(icinrn  latebricola,  IJruch  &  ^^chinip.  lb  vol.  Kur. 
t.  41)4  ;  Lindb.  Faun.  Flor.  Fenn.  ix.  152.  Jl.  scitnlmi),  .Vust., 
Hull.  Torr.  Club,  vi.  44  (?),  described  from  a  sterile  sjiecinien 
found  mixed  with  II.  iSprucei  in  Drummond\s  Mosses  of  iJritish 
America  (n.  lOd). 

II AH.  Koots  ami  stumps  in  swamps;  New  Jersey  and  Now  York 
[AuHtin). 

99.  H.  Passaicense.  Differs  from  the  last  merely  in  the 
abruptly  acuminate  pericha'tial  leaves,  very  entire  or  erosc- 
denticulate  at  the  apex,  and  the  basilar  areolation  of  the  leaves 
with  shorter  cells,  the  cells  not  inflated  nor  the  leaves  deciu-rent ; 
stem-leaves  triangular-lanceolate  and  subcanaliculate-concave.  — 
Pla(/iothecin))i  denticulatioii,  var.  ht'tion,  .Aust.  INfusc.  Aj)j)al. 
n.  36i>.     P.  Passaicense,  Aust.,  Ibill.  Torr.  Club.  v.  24. 

IIah.  On  roclis,  in  mountain  dlstricls;  New  Jersey  (J ?<.>•/ /h),  sterile; 
IJe'.leville,  Caiuida  {'Mnconn),  fruiting, 

Tlie  autlior  remaiks  tliat,  it  resiMuldes  JL  pitlcholltim.  ami  //.  hitphri' 
colli,  but  that  it  is  smaller  than  either  ami  the  smallest  of  Die  siih'^omis. 
The  characters  imlieated  as  speoifip,  or  as  different  from  those  of  //.  lute- 
bricnln.  are  not  sufTieiently  marked,  as  in  this  last  speeioa  tiie  l)as(>  of  the 
leaves  is  often  truncat(!  instead  of  decurrent,  and  ilie  basal  colls  not  in- 
flated but  only  quadrate. 


-f 


nf- 


364 


I3UYACE.K. 


[nui'nu)H. 


■|*;r 


1  i 


ii 

li.; 


f 


•t--i-  Plovers  momecious  or  diacious. 

100.  H.  trichophorum,  Si.ruc'c.  Tufts  wliile,  <l:irk  ijjreon  ; 
])l.'mts  piustralt',  iiiiuli  l<r:iiiclK'(l :  leaves  di^-tichous,  tlaUciKMl 
ovate  or  obluiii;,  concave,  lllil'orni-aj)iciilato,  irrei^uUirly  iinduliite} 
jdicate  leii_i;tli\vise,  recurved,  entire  on  tlie  borders,  marked  at 
base  by  double  slioi't  strue  instea<l  of  nerves;  aivoiation  locjse 
li^aline;  ])ericlKetial  leaves  liliforni,  acuniinati.',  flexuoiis  at  the 
ajtex  :  cajtsuie  subereet  or  subincurved,  oblonu^,  u  little  ciiii- 
Ktrictetl  under  the  t)riHce  when  dry  and  empty,  slij^htly  inflated 
at  the  collum,  brown,  dai'ker  when  old;  ojierculuni  conical,  in- 
flated at  base,  muticous;  iieri>lonie  pale,  soft,  the  teeth  linear- 
lanceolate,  sometimes  bilid  or  irregularly  jxrforated  at  the  apex, 
the  segments  split  or  lacerated  between  the  articulations,  whit- 
ish when  dry,  hyaline  when  moist;  annulus  of  a  triple  series  of 
snndl  cells  remaining  attached  to  the  lid.  —  Ann.  Mag.  Xat.  Hist, 
ser.  ;},  iii.  270.  Ltxkea pilifera^  Swartz,  Sunun.  Veg.  Scan<l.  41. 
J*l(((jlotheciiitii  j}'diferi(tn^  J>ruch  &  Schimp.  liryol,  Eur.  t.  400. 
JI.  doUiculatnot,  var.  Donianum,  Drummond  3Iusc.  .Vnier. 
11.  105. 

IIau.     Tortage  IJiver,  British  America  ( Drummond)  \  Oregon  {ILdl). 

*  *    7);ef/i  7vorede)}sch/  articnhite  ;  hasilur  memhrcDie  broader ; 
sefpnoits  vnth  intermediate  cilia:  leaves  two-ran /,ed, 

101,  H.  pulchellum,  Dicks.  Moncecious:  i)lants  small, 
densely  cespitulose,  glossy  green ;  branches  crowded,  erect, 
fastigiate:  leaves  crowded,  subcomj)lanatc,  socund,  lanceolate 
or  gradually  tapering  from  the  base  to  an  acute  ])oint,  entire, 
ccostato  :  ca])sulc  subereet,  oblong  or  obovato ;  operculum  short, 
conical,  obtusely  a|)iculate;  peristome  [)ale  yellow;  cilia  two, 
a  little  shorter  than  the  segjnents.  —  Cryj)t.  Fasc.  ii.  lo,  t.  n. 
LesK'eapnldicUa^  lledw.  S])ec.  Muse.  220,  t.  55.  PhKjiothcdnra 
palchellim),  Ib'uch  &  Schim]>.  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  497.  /Sfcreodoii 
pulchcIJus^  ]Mitt.  Journ.  Linn.  Soc.  viii.  39.  PlagiotJiecium 
nitldum,  var  suherectum ,  Lindb,  Faun.  Flor.  Fenn.  ix.  84. 

Var.  nitidulum.  I*lants  slightly  stronger  and  less  comj)nct : 
leaves  longer  and  long-acuminate :  capsule  thicker,  ovate-oblong, 
inclined  or  subcernuous.  —  If  nftfdidum,  Wahl.  Fl.  La])]\  370. 
Plar/iothecium  nitidulum^  liruch  &  Schim]).  1.  c,  t.  498.  P. 
tiUidi/ni,  Lindb.  1.  c.  IsojJteri/f/iton  nitidum^  Lindb.  Muse. 
Scand.  39. 


Ifi/pnum.] 


BRYACE.E. 


305 


IIaii.  Ilocky  Mountains  (Dr»mjuoH'7).  The  variety  en  roots  of  tn-cg 
near  llii!  groinul  ;  New  Voik(f'.  Jl.  I'tck,  Anslin);  Vovl  ('ohiWa  (Li/all). 
Also  ;i  form  from  Davis  Straits  (  Taijlor),  acconliiij,'  to  Mittt'ii. 

10-.  H.  geminum.  ^lond'cions:  hranclioHascoiuliiiuf,  intcr- 
1;i('(m1  :  leaves  ovate  or  ovate-aeuiniiiate,  ojjeii,  variously  curved, 
suhsecimd  or  subfaloate,  the  borders  luiiuitel y  serrulate  or  entire  ; 
costa  thick,  asceiidiiiLjj  to  the  middle  ;  cells  lorii;  and  narrow,  a 
few  of  them  shorter  at  base  ;  jx-riclia^tial  leaves  en'ct,  the  inner 
broader  and  Ionii;er,  short-acuminate  :  capsule  oval-cylindrical, 
suberect,  gra(bially  narrowed  at  tlie  neck;  sesjjments  narrow; 
cilia  two,  nearly  as  lon;^.  —  Stereodon  tjcminns,  IMitt.  Journ. 
T.inn.  Soc.  \  iii.  .'50,  t.  7. 

1!  AC.  Uocliy  Moiuitains,  \i  0,000  to  8,000  font  altitude;  assoniatod  with 
thfi  las!  I  Li/dll). 

Somewhat  Hke  //.  piilchelluw,  l)ut  with  leaves  more  gra(hially  narrowed 
from  a  wider  I)aso,  tlic  tliin  l)ut,  jjioail  nerve  continuod  to  th(!  middlo,  the 
mar!?iii>^  more  or  less  cvidciitiy  serrulate  from  the  base  to  the  apex,  and 
the  cfils  only  half  as  Ion;,'  and  narrower.  —  {Mittt'u.) 

10,').  H.  micans,  Swartz.  Momecious:  jdants  small,  in 
very  loose  flat  tufts,  whitish  yellow  or  fulvous,  shinin;/ ;  stems 
}»rostrate,  rootlnsj,  irregularly  dividetl  into  few  branches  and 
short  branchlets;  leaves  loose,  compressed,  the  lateral  sj)readin!jf 
.'it  right  angles,  thin,  soft,  ovate-lanceohite,  nai-rowly  acuminate, 
obscurely  serrulate  above;  costa  basilai',  geminate,  indistinct; 
cells  narrowly  linear,  those  of  the  angles  few,  (luadrate-oblong; 
inner  jxiricluetial  leaves  more  or  less  abru|)tly  acuminate,  coarsely 
serrate  at  the  base  of  the  ])oint ;  capsule  very  small,  ovate-oblong, 
slightly  incurved  on  a  slender  comi)aratively  long  pedicel;  lid 
conical,  short-acuminate  or  mamillate;  segments  m-arly  entire, 
as  long  as  the  teeth;  cilia  one  or  two,  short,  nodose.  —  .Muhl. 
Cat.  n,  and  Adnot.  B(,t.  175,  accoi'ding  to  authentic  sjx'cinuii.s 
in  Muhl.  Herb,  examineil  by  Sullivant  and  reported  u))on  by 
letter  to  James  and  Austin.  //.  iiJlndm))^  ^luell.  Syn.  ii.  'JSO ; 
Sulliv.  Mosses  of  U.  States,  71,  and  T.-on.  .Afuse.  170,  t.  112. 
//  tfiKirdU}^  Ilook.  it  Wils.  in  Drumm.  3Iusc.  Amer.  (Coll.  II.), 
n.  lOS,  IdO. 

Var.  fulvum.  Larger;  branches  long,  Hattene<l,  sometimes 
l!oating,  fulvous  or  dark  brown  when  old.  —  11.  fnh'uni^  Hook, 
it  Wils.  in  Drumm.  1.  c,  n.  110  ;  Sulliv.  1.  e.  %%  and  Icon.  Muse. 
20.5,  t.  125. 

II All.  On  much  decayed  wood  in  moist  places;  the  variety  in  hogs; 
Southern  States. 


366 


IJUYACE^. 


[Tli/pnxim. 


m 


M'  (: 


W 


ft 


(      i 


^ 


r 


f 


101.  H.  turfaceum,  LIikII).  Moncrcious:  jilants  sniall,  ccs- 
pittilosc,  l>i-igl)l  grcc-'ii,  yellowish  siioltcd ;  Htcms  jM-ostriilc,  with 
short  Mil)j)iiiii;it{'  or  fasciculate  brunches;  leaves  depressed,  flat, 
the  laterals  j)readin<^  horizontally,  the  U2i))er  and  lower  alur- 
nately  inclined  to  the  left  and  to  tiie  right,  (vute-lanceolate,  li)ii;4- 
aeuininale  from  an  ovate-ohlong  base,  sharply  serrate  to  the 
middle,  ecostate  ;  areolution  fusiform  or  broadly  linear,  distinctly 
quadrate  or  oblong,  ecjuilateral  at  base ;  i)erich;etial  leaves  ovate, 
eonea\-e  at  base,  abru])tly  short-cuspidate  and  dentate  ujiwiiid  : 
cajtsnle  snbcernuous  and  subinclined,  obl()iig-cylin<lrical,  costate 
and  constricted  under  the  orifice  wlien  dry;  oj)erculinn  broadly 
conic;)],  blunt  at  the  a])e\';  peristome  normal,  with  two  strong 
cilia  nearly  as  long  as  the  entire  segments  ;  annulus  double,  large. 
—  Fries,  Hot.  Notis.  l.Sfw,  U2,  and  Fl.  Dan.  Sui)pl.  t.  117. 
/Sfcracx/o))  tiirfaceiis,  ]\Iitt.  ]H<tglothccunn  turfticeion^  TJndb. 
Faun.  Flor.  FcMin.  ix.  I}.-];  SuUiv.  Icon.  Muse.  Suppl.  87,  t.  G"). 
Iso]>1cri/(/h(ni  turfaceum^  T>indb. 

IIah.  On  the  groinid  and  docayod  trunks;  Alloc;liany  and  White 
Mountains  {.1»n)C.H)\  New  Jersey  {AnitVm)\  Fort  Colvilie  {Lijall). 

10^).  H.  elegans,  Hook.  Did'cious:  ])lants  small,  pale 
green,  shining  when  dry;  stem  dej)ressed,  with  few^  uncMjual 
branches;  stem-leaves  erect-sjireading,  jdanc  and  distichous, 
narrowly  ovato,  more  or  less  long-aeuminato,  concave,  short, 
bieostate  at  base,  slightly  serrulate  at  the  apex;  cells  narrower 
than  in  the  last,  jiellucid,  but  scarcely  enlarged  at  base;  p(>ri- 
cha'tial  leaves  lanceolate-acnmiiiate ;  capsule  horizontal  or  sub- 
jiendent  by  an  a)»ical  curve  of  the  jiedicel,  oblong,  sliglitly 
inflated  at  the  curved  neck,  constricted  under  the  widened 
orifice  when  dry;  operculum  conical,  obtuse  or  short-rostellate; 
teeth  broadly  lanceolate,  blunt  at  the  apex;  segments  entire; 
cilia  three,  slender,  as  long  as  the  segments;  anmilus  sim])le. — 
jVIusc.  Exot.  t.  9;  Scliwaegr.  Suppl.  iii.  t.  28'J.  Plar/iofJicciiira 
elcffdii,^,  Schimp.  Coroll.  IK) :  Sulliv.  Icon.  IMusc.  Sup]d.  SO,  t.  (U. 
Jiln/nclidxtcf/iur))  elegdux^  Lindb.  in  IK'dwigia,  ii.  70,  and  Faun. 
Flor.  Fenn.  ix.  47.     Jsojiterygium  elegans^  Lindb. 

Var.  terrestre.  Dark  green;  branches  shorter,  slightly 
decurved  at  tlie  apex.  —  Lindb.  1.  c,  as  RInjnchosteghan  ;  Aust. 
Muse.  Api)al.,  n.  841). 

IIah.  Crovires  of  sliadod  rooks;  Vancouver  Island  (McnzU'n):  White 
Moiuifaiiis  f./a/»e.s);  NorMi(>rn  New  Jersey,  sterile.  The  variety  on  the 
ground  in  a  ravine  near  Paskack,  New  Jersey  [Austin),  sterile. 


11:  W 


Tft/pnum.] 


BHYACEiT:. 


30" 


)i 


I^Ck  H.  denticulatum,  L'mn.  ^ronnprious:  in  flat  loose 
preen  or  yellowish  glossy  tufts;  stcTiis  |>ro<trate,  stolon ilCroiis, 
with  lirauehes  and  hraiichlets  erect,  j)Iano-foliate :  basilar  :in<l 
terminal  leaves  of  the  branches  small,  broadly  lanceolate,  acnt(>, 
the  medial  larger,  ovate-obloii'jf,  ajiicidate,  ineijuilatei-al,  dectir- 
rcnt,  entire  or  subseri'ate  at  the  apex  ;  eosta  bi|)ai'tit(%  veiT  thin, 
vanishinir  half-way  to  the  middU  ;  areolation  narrowly  rlionj- 
boi(hil,  enlarged  ;it  base,  broadly  (juadrate  at  the  excavate 
angles;  pei  iciia'tial  leaves  sheathing,  narrowed  iiiio  a  short 
jtoint,  eostate  to  above  the  miildle,  tin  eosta  thin,  simple  or 
forking:  capsule  long-pedieelled,  cirnuous,  arcuate,  cylindi'ical 
oi"  oblong,  orange-color,  slightly  constricted  iimlcr  the  orilice 
Avhen  <li"y;  o])erculuin  conical,  apiculati*;  teeth  pale;  segments 
slightly  oj)en  between  the  articulations;  cilii  tw(^  or  three,  un- 
e(iual,  neai'ly  as  long  as  the  segments;  anuulus  larg'',  of  a  triple 
row  of  cells. — Spec.  PI.  ll'Jl'.  ./'i/li/isaa  n/(/ir<iiis,  Desv.; 
lirid.  TJrvol.  Univ.  ii.  282,  t.  8,  Ph((n<iflur!>(ni  deiitienhitinji, 
]>ruch  it  Schimp.  15ryol.  P^ur.  t.  .'')(ll,  r)()2;  Lindb.  Faun.  J'^lor. 
PVnn.  ix.  .'50. 

Var.  tenellum.  Smaller  than  the  normal  form :  leaves 
narrower,  longer-acuminate.  —  Bruch  tt  Schimp.  1.  c,  as  Plaiji- 
othecii'in. 

Var.  laBtum.  Loaves  longer,  ])iliform-acuminale  :  eapstdo 
ovate-oblong,  suberect  ;  cilia  none.  —  Lindb.  1.  c.  ]*hi  >U)thc- 
ciuin  Idtnm^  Bruch  k,  Schimp.  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  41)5. 

Var.  laxum.  Leaves  less  crowde(l,  erect -spreading,  scarcely 
flattened,  smaller,  narrower,  broadly  lanceolate  :  capsule  sub- 
erect.  —  Bruch  *fc  Schim]).  1.  c. 

Var.  densum.  Densely  ccspitose  ;  l>ranches  shorter,  er(>ct  : 
leaves  crowded,  imbricate,  recurved  at  the  ap(\\  :  ca];suU'  sub- 
erect;  lid  acuminate.  —  Bruch  ct  Schim j>.  1.  c. 

Var.  obtusifolium,  Turn.  Leaves  elliptical,  more  or  less 
obtuse.  —  ]\fusc.  Ilibern.  146.  //.  Dojiniwinrn,  Smith,  Fl.  Brit, 
iii.  1280.     Stereodon  Donianns,  JMitt. 

TTah.  Deoayed  trunks  in  the  woo'ls.  raroly  on  stones;  varieties 
tcncUuii}  and  'Icnsiim  on  mountains,  in  fissures  of  roolcs. 

A  very  variable  moss,  often  confounded  witli  //.  ffylrotirjim,  differing 
in  (lie  monn-eious  inflorescence,  the  narrower  areolation,  the  conical  and 
not  rostrate  lid.  the  smooth  capsule,  and  the  compound  annulus. 

107.  H.  Muellerianum,  Hook.  fd.     Diiecious:  i)lants  very 

small,  loosely  cespitose,  bright  green  ;  stems  stoloniferous,  crcep- 


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UKYACE.E. 


[lli/pnum. 


iiii;,  witli  Itranclic'S  erect,  rootiiii^'  ;it  biiso  ami  Romotiincs  ;it  .'ij»cx, 
c'oiiiphnintc-toliate :  lu.'ive.s  tlislichoiis,  spreadiui;,  ova.c-laiiceolute 
!it  liase,  aciiTiiiiiate  or  Hubpilhonii,  I<)nt;-a|ticulalt',  concave,  veiv 
entire,  ecostafe,  iu)t  (lecurreiit  at  base;  areolatio:^  iiarroNv,  imi- 
fortii  ;  pericha'tial  leaves  half-clasj)iiitj  at  l»ase,  ublonir-ovalc, 
acuminate,  entire:  capsulo  subcernuous,  obovate,  loiiLj-necked, 
enlarued  at  the  orilieo  and  canij»anulate  when  dry,  pale  In-own  :; 
pedicel  short,  purjile;  ()|)orculuni  conical,  rostellate  ;  teeth  dis- 
tantly articulate;  cilia  shoi-t,  r<)bust,  unecpial ;  annnlus  narrow, 
simple.  —  N'ew  Zeal.  Fl.  ii.  470  (name  oidy).  Phu/iothrcium 
Jfuclkrut/non,  Schimp.  Syn.  584;  Sulliv.  Icon.  ^lusc.  Su]'pl.  SO, 
t.  00. 

Maij.  liofky  ravines;  Xow  Jersey  (Austin);  White  Mountains 
(Jdiiics)',  Oiiio  (/.f'.sf/xrjv'i/j). 

lOS.  H.  SullivantiSB,  Schimp.  iNFs.  Di<ecions:  plants  in 
compact  pale  ^reen  or  yellowish  shininix  tufts;  stems  ei-ect, 
with  few  branches,  scattered  eaves,  and  radicles  at  l»a<e:  leaves 
crowded,  subimbricate,  oblong-ovate,  abruptly  and  shortly  lili- 
form-acnminate,  vei-y  concave,  thin,  gl()ssy,  serndate  towai'd  the 
ajx'X  ;  cost  a  Idlid,  one  of  its  bram  lies  sometimes  longer;  areola- 
tion  very  long  and  narrow,  the  basilar  a  little  shorter  ami 
broadei':  j)ei'ielia'tial  leaves  erect,  the  inner  oblong,  naiaowly 
acuminate:  capsule  cylindrical-oblong,  con;. tricted  at  the  neck, 
erect,  regular,  siil»inclined,  smooth  when  dry;  operculum  long- 
conical,  obli(piely  short-rostrate;  cilia  in  pairs,  stout,  and  nearly 
as  long  as  the  entire  segments;  amiulus  sim]ile,  large. —  Sulliv. 
I\[()sses  of  r.  States,  80,  and  Icon.  .Muse.  *J(»7,  t.  I'JO;  Sulliv.  & 
Lesq.  jNIusc.  l>oi-.-/vmer.  Exsicc.  n.  ').*);").  Phujiotluciion  SnlH- 
V(i}itia\  Schimp.  in  pryol.  Eur.  Phif/!o(heci((U}^  10. 

Il.vn.     Moist  sandstone  rocks  and  sliadcd  l)anks  in  piii<>  woods,  Ohio. 

The  species  pnljlisjied  under  tlie  aiilhority  of  .Schiuipcr  is,  as  Sullivant 
remarks  (Icon.  Muse.  1.  c. ),  perliaps  too  insullicicntly  diaractciizen  to  bo 
separated  from  Plaijicthecium  lioeseanum,  Druch  it  8(!hinip.  Ihyol.  Eur. 
t.  ")()t,  and  lu)  a  ids  tliat  the  better  eourse  nii_i,dit  be  to  rcihu-e  l)()il!  of  liicin 
to  lI.  s>/lv(ilicHi)i,  a  very  variable  species.  Tlie  ajipcarancc  of  tliis  moss 
and  its  mode  of  ,i;ro\vth  are  strikin!,']y  different  from  those  of  //.  sijl- 
vaticiiin,  ami,  even  if  a  variety,  the  variety  is  constant  in  its  cliaraeters. 
It  seems,  tlierefore,  justifiable  to  preserve  a  s]H'eies  niad(>  by  Schimper 
to  iionor  I  lie  name  of  a  very  acute  lady  bryologist,  \\lio  for  years  assisted 
her  luisb;nid  in  his  researches. 

101).  H.  sylvaticum,  Iluds.     Dia-cious:  tufts  loose,  soft, 

depressed,  t>toloiiiterous,  dark  green :    leaves  flat,  distant,  the 


'^i'  11 


[lypnum.] 


BRYACE.E. 


369 


lateral  sprcadiiiij,  decunvnt,  broadly  ovatc-lanccolate,  sliort- 
acuiniiiate,  concave,  obsulctcly  costato,  very  entire  ;  upper  areo- 
lation  narrowly  rhoniboidal,  tjradualiy  loiii^ev  and  narrower 
downward  ;  the  cells  of  the  dccurrent  ani^les  (p-adrate-obloni;  and 
numerous:  male  jdants  n.ixed  with  the  st' rile  (;r  in  separate 
tufts;  perichietial  leaves  short,  ohlon<f-lanceolate,  acute  or  short- 
acuminate;  capsule  lonif-pedic'llate,  cernuous  ami  horizontal, 
cylindrical,  contracted  into  a  lonu;  neck,  sulcale,  stiiate  and 
constricted  under  the  orifice  when  dry ;  oi»erculum  lon;:;-heaked, 
the  beak  curved  upward;  peristome  lari^e ;  the  tt'cth  brii:;ht 
oraiiLje  at  base;  annulus  double.  —  Fl.  AnL,d.  411).  I'/io/iofhe- 
cium  fujlcath'ian,  IJruch  &  Schimp.  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  oOiJ ;  Lindb. 
Faim.  Flor.  Fenn.  ix.  'JS. 

Var.  Orthocladium.  Branches  shorter,  orect,  densely 
crowded:  leaves  shorter,  less  complai'.ate,  a  little  shinini^ :  cap- 
sule oval,  cernuous.  —  Schimp.  Coroll.  1 1">,  as  I*ii(<jiot/iccium. 
P.  07i/i()r/(i(/tii)ii,  iJi'uch  S:  Schimp.  IJryol.  Eur.  t.  T)!)!. 

II An.  Dense  shiuled  rocks,  and  clayey  ground  ia  woods;  the  variety 
more  ran-ly  found. 

110.  H.  undulatum,  Llmi.  Di(ecious:  plants  lari2;e,  widely 
cespitose,  Avhitish  green  ;  stems  very  long,  prostrate  and  arcuate, 
rooting  at  the  base  of  the  innovations;  branches  curved  down- 
ward or  ascending,  densely  foliate,  tumid:  leaves  indiricate- 
complanate,  small  and  ovate  toward  the  base,  gradually  larger 
above  and  ovate-oblong,  more  or  less  abruptly  acuminate, 
narrowed  and  decurrent  at  base,  transverselv  un<luIate-rugose 
from  the  middle  upward,  serrulate  at  the  ajjcx,  glossy  ;  eosta 
short,  double ;  areolation  very  narrowly  rhomlxjidal,  small  and 
quadrate  at  the  decurrent  angles;  lower  j)ericluetial  leaves 
recurved,  the  ui)per  sheathing,  longer  acuminate,  thin,  narrowly 
costate  :  caj)sule  oblong-cylindrical,  arcuate,  deeply  ribbed  when 
dry,  enlarged  at  the  orifice,  dirty  yellow,  ])assing  to  brown  with 
age;  pedicel  long,  flexuous ;  operculum  large,  rostrate;  seg- 
ments slightly  split  along  the  keel;  cilia  three,  stout,  nearly 
as  long  as  the  segments;  annulus  double.  —  Spec.  1*1.  1124; 
Sehwaegr.  Su))j)l.  iii.  t.  'JSli'^-  Plar/iotheciinn  un<bd(itKm,  I>ruch 
&>  Schimp.  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  50C ;  Lindb.  1.  c.  -7.  Stercodon  undvr 
latns,  Mitt. 

II An.  On  wet  mossy  ground,  in  deep  woods;  Oregon  {Pickering, 
Hall),  and  California  (Bolander);  Fort  Colviile  (Lyall). 


-/- 


1.V 


370 


BIlYACE.i:. 


[Ili/pnum. 


*  *  ♦  Leaves  open  or  snbsecund. 

111.  H.    Muhlenbeckii,    Spruce      Morid'cious:    more   or 

less 'h'lisc'Iy  cc'spitose  ;  stems  pruslrato  or  ascciKlini,';  liraiidics 

find   Itraiiciilets  crow(k'<l,  erect  :   le.'ives  densely  crowded,  sul>- 

complanate,  sccund  on  the  l)ranchlets,  ovatedancc olate,  <,Ma(l. 

uuUy  narrowed  into  a  lont,^  liliform  jjoint,  docurreiit,  minutclv 

and   distantly   serrulate,   plano-convex  ;    costa  vi-ry   short   and 

obsolete,  doul)le ;  cells  loose,  those  of  the  decurrent  an<_d»s  verv 

lari,'e,    inilated,    dark   orange;    inner    perichietial    leaves   half- 

sheatiiinij:,  narrowed  into  a  lonjjj  ilexuous  or  recurved  lilil'orm 

I)oint :    capsule    suberect,    cernuous,    <»blonc;--cylindrical,    loii<;- 

necked,  more  or  less  incurved,  substriate,  irregularly  furrowed 

when  dry,  often  two-colored;  ojierculum  long-conical,  obtus(> ; 

peristome  small,  the  segments  entire;    membrane  large;  cilia 

three,    slender,   a   little   shorter   than    the    segments;    annulns 

largo,  compound.  —  Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.  ser.  'J,  iii. 'JT;').     //. 

striitfel/um^  IJrid.;  Miu-il.  Syn.  ii. 'JSli.     Phiffiotherimn  Mitlihui- 

hechii^  ]>ruch  &  Schimp.   IJryol.  Eur.  t.  409.      P.  striatellnm, 

Lindb.  I.  c.  82. 

ll.vn.     On  rocks  in  subalpine  regions,  and  grassy  places  in  niountnins; 
frequent  and  variable. 

112.  H.  Fitzgeraldi,  Renauld,  in  lift.  Closely  allied  to  the 
last,  differing  in  its  shorter  and  stouter  stems,  the  brandies 
short,  intricate  (not  erect),  the  leaves  not  glossy,  narrower, 
nearly  entire,  and  the  areolation  more  o])a4ue,  with  longer  nar- 
rower and  very  chlorophyllosc  cells. 

II AU.    Decayed  trunks,  Florida  {FitzgrrnUl). 

Though  the  characiers  arc  not  very  marked,  the  great  difference  in 
habitat  authorizes  a  soparMion  of  this  peculiar  form. 

113.  H.  pseudo-SilesiaCUm.  JMoncecious  :  the  branches 
somewhat  piano-foliate  :  upper  leaves  ajtpressed,  the  lateral  and 
lower  spreading,  crowded,  oval,  narrowly  acuminate,  ecostate  ; 
areolation  vei'y  narrowly  rhomboidal ;  perichwtial  leaves  ind)ri- 
cate,  ovatedanceolate  :  capsule  oblique  or  inclined,  oval-oblong, 
thin,  pale  brown,  sulcate  the  whole  length  when  dry ;  pedicel 
sliort  (1  cm.),  straight ;  operculum  broadly  conical,  short ; 
annulus  double,  revoluble.  —  JI.  Silesiacum^  Hook.  &  Wils.  in 
Drumm.  IMusc.  Amer.  (Coll.  H.),  n.  111.  Plagiothecium 2)seudo- 
/Silesiaaitn,  Schimp.  Proc.  Amer.  Acad.  xiv.  140. 

Hab.    Near  bt.  Louis  (Drummond). 


•  cfi 


Flo 


wi 


:|!  I 


Bypnum.] 


T'.KYACE^. 


371 


^Species  of  titicertain  relation, 

114.  H.  SUbfalcatum.  Plants  inostrato,  intricatp,  ccspi- 
tosc, '""ii^iit  ^ret'ii,  flossy  ;  stems  invi;ul:iily  liraiicliiiiL,':  loaves 
distant,  distichous,  ('om|ilaiiate,  obrKiucly  oltionir,  acute,  sprcud- 
iiiir,  horizontally  suWtalcatc  l»y  curvinii;;  hackuanl,  scrratc-dcn- 
tatc  at  the  apex  ;  borders  reflexed  t(»\vard  the  base  ;  eosta  short, 
double,  the  nerves  of  une<pial  lenu^lli ;  areolation  narrowly  t'usi- 
t'orni  or  linear,  a  little  shorter  and  broad  at  base.  —  PUnjio- 
t/n'ciinn  suhfah'attnn^  Aust.  Muse.  Aj>pal.  n.  i](j(> ;  SuUiv.  Icon. 
]\Iusc.  Suppl.  (M),  t.  ()7. 

II. Ml.     Crevices  of  rocks,  in  the  mountains  of  New  Jersey  and  New 
York  (Atistin)\  always  sterile. 
This  species  may  be  referable  to  a  dilTerent  subgenus. 

Sumwixis  XVT.  AMnLYSTEGIUM.  (PI.  G.) 
Plants  very  small,  sometimes  widely  cxjiandod,  creeping, 
irrecrularlv  ramose  and  ramulose,  without  stolons.  Leaves 
spreading  u'lifonidy  or  subseeund,  lanceolate  or  oval-lanceo- 
late, generally  simply  costate  to  tlie  middle  or  to  the  apex. 
Flowers  moncecious,  rarely  di<ecious.  Ca]>sule  subcrect  or  cer- 
nu(tus  upon  a  smooth  pedicel,  oval  or  oblong-cylindi"ieal,  sub- 
arcuate,  of  soft  texture.  Operculum  large,  mamillate,  blunt  or 
apiculate.  Teeth  of  the  peristome  solid,  closely  articulate; 
segments  entire ;  cilia  more  or  lesn  perfect.  The  texture  of  the 
leaves  is  soft,  the  areolation  parenchymatous  or  loosely  [irosen- 
chymatous,  never  linear  or  vermicular.  —  AmMi/stef/ium^ 
Scliimp. 

*  Leares  opaque  ;    areolation  parenchymatous^  more  or  less 
ehiorophtfllose :  Jkncers  moncecious,  except  in  n.  11.'). 

115.  H.  minutissimum,  Sulliv.  &  Lesq.  Plants  very 
small,  pale  green  ;  stems  prostrate,  scarcely  1  cm.  long,  with 
bundles  of  radicles,  subpinnately  divided  into  short  erect  or 
spreading  branches :  leaves  loose,  open,  narrowly  lanceolate, 
more  or  less  distinctly  serrulate  on  the  borders,  ecostate  or 
marked  with  short  stria? ;  areolation  large,  oblong ;  perichajtial 
leaves  large,  long-acuminate,  coarsely  dentate  above :  flowers 
with  scarcely  any  paraphyses :  ca])sule  minute,  subovate,  more 


i- 


•  M 


372 


13IiYACE^:. 


[lliJl'num. 


v', 


+ 


-h 


convex  on  the  upper  side,  eonstrictcd  under  tiie  lar^f  oiiiice 
when  deoperculute  and  dry,  turbinate,  tliiii,  dirty  yellow;  pedi- 
cel .slender,  4  or  0  m.ni.  lon^r ;  teelh  pale  yellow,  hyaline  on  ihu 
borders;  eilia  I  or  2,  as  ion,!,'  as  the  se«rinents  ;  aniiidns  doiii,le, 
persistent.  —  Muse.  lior.-Ainer.  Kxsiec.  u.'.lV.',;  Sulliv.  M<jsses 
of  U.  States,  78,  and  leon.  Muse.  11);"),  t.  lliO. 

IlAn.     Moist  roeks  in  sliiulod  riivines,  in  the  Central  States,  Northern 
New  Jersey,  Pennsylvania,  Ohio,  Illinois;  rare. 

lin.  H.  Sprucei,  IJrueh  jNIs.  J^id'cious:  plants  very  small, 
loosely  eesj.itose;  stems  cai)illary,  those  of  tiie  f(>rtile  tut'tu 
more  compact  and  ascendinir,  witii  branches  and  hranehlets 
erect,  those  of  the  hjose  sterile  tufts  very  lon^j  and  creepiuL,': 
leaves  loose,  spreadintr,  oval  or  oblonir,  lanceolate,  entire,  nerve- 
less, loosely  areolate,  ^reen  ;  ])ericlia!tial  leaves  similar,  serrate 
at  the  apex;  antheridia  without  paraj)hyses:  capsidc  minute, 
erect  or  slightly  incurved,  oval  and  obovate,  with  a  distinct  in- 
flated neck  and  enlarijed  orifice  when  dry ;  oj)erculinn  mamil- 
latc,  o])tuse  ;  teeth  ])ale  ;  cilia  none  ;  annulus  very  narrow,  sim- 
ple.—  Muell.  Syn.  ii.  415.  //.  coiifervoidcs^  Drumm,  .Muse. 
Anier.  n.  100.  Amhlystcf/ium  Spnicei^  Brueh  &>  Schinjp. 
15ry()l.  Eur.  t.  501. 

IIau.  Santa  Fe,  New  Mexico  (Fendler)\  Colorado  {E.  Ilall,  Wolf  & 
lioUirock);  British  Auierica  {Druminond). 

117.  H.  subtile,  Iloffm.  Widely  cespitose,  dark  groen, 
strongly  coherent ;  stems  with  short  erect  branches :  leaves 
loose,  subsecinid  or  spreading,  narrowly  lanceolate  from  an  ovate 
base,  entire,  ecostate  or  with  obscure  traces  of  a  medial  nerve; 
pericha'tial  leaves  long  and  narrowly  aciuninate,  entire  :  ca|>siilo 
suberect  or  subcernuous,  oblong,  narrowed  to  a  short  collum, 
pale  yellow,  constricted  under  the  orifice  when  emi)ty ;  oper- 
cuhun  highly  convex,  a])iculate;  peristome  as  in  the  last  sj)ecies ; 
annulus  very  narrow.  —  Deutsch.  Fl.  ii.  70.  Leskea  subtilis^ 
Iledw.  Muse.  Frond,  iv.  23,  t.  9.  Ambhjstegium  subtile^  Bruch 
&  Schimp.  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  5G1. 

H.vn.  Koot9  of  trees;  New  England,  Canada,  Goat  Island,  etc.;  not 
rare. 

118.  H.  COnfervoideS,  Brid.  Differs  from  the  last  in  its 
habitat  on  stones,  in  the  dark  green  color  of  the  tufts,  the  stems 
irregularly  branching,  pinnately  and  closely  ramulose,  the  leaves 
more  narrowdy  acuminate,  the  areolation  more  chlorophyllose, 
the  capsule  cernuous,  often  horizontally  inclined  and  reddish 


It;-. 

Hi 


\ 


Uj]>nuin.] 


UiiYACE^E. 


373 


hrowii,  and  the  peristome*  jnorc  pcrfi'ct,  witli  douhK!  cilia.  — 
Muse.  IJocent.  Sii))|»l.  ii.  1")Ij.  7/.  ^  V»//ivvv/,  SchwacLjr.  Suppl. 
ii.  1.  ir)S,  t.  1 12.  ^[inUystctjiuin  coiijcreoiiks,  IJnuii  vt  Schimp. 
Uryol.  Eur.  t.  r)G'J. 

Hah.  Moist  liiiu'slonc  in  woods;  Oliio,  Cuiiinhi,  Wliilo  Mountains, 
lli).  H.  serpens,  J-iiim.  Mure  or  less  (Iciisi'Iy  ccspitose, 
dirty  or  yellowish  yrci'ii  ;  stems  crt'i'i)iii^',  raiTK-ulosi',  dciiscly 
nnuulose  ;  branchli'ts  variahlc  in  k'u^th,  llcxuou^,  creel :  stem- 
li'MNCs  remote,  spreadiiMj^,  ovate-lanceolate,  narrowly  coslati'  to 
below  the  apex,  those  of  tiic  branches  more  crowded,  often 
secund,  longer  acuminate  and  more  chlorojihyllose ;  leaves  of 
the  pale  pericluetium  obloni^,  erect,  narrowed  into  a  short  point, 
broadly  eostate  and  plicate:  caj)sule  loni^-cylindrical,  iiunirved, 
cernuoMS  or  subarcuate,  constricted  under  tlie  orifice  wlii-n  dry, 
yellowish  brown,  often  of  two  colors;  oj>erculum  convex-coni- 
cal ;  teeth  lin'ht  hrown  ;  sep^ments  sliuhtlv  jjcrforated  on  the 
keel ;  cilia  '1  or  o,  as  lonjjj  as  the  seuments  ;  annul  us  of  a  trijtlo 
series  of  small  cells.  —  ^yQc.  PI.  lloO.  A)nbli/ste(jia)n  serpens, 
Hriu'li  it  Schimp.  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  r)G4. 

II Au.  On  decayed  wood,  and  in  shady  moist  plaoos  on  the  gromid;  not 
fre(|U('nt  In  the  Eastcin  States,  common  in  California,  and  extremely 
variable. 

1-0.  H.  radicale,  lieauv.  Loosely  cespitose  ;  stems  root- 
ini.'  and  creepino-  irre<;ularlv  and  denselv  ramulose,  the  branch- 
lets  short,  rigid,  suberect :  leaves  sju-eading,  more  crowded  than 
in  the  last  sj)ecies,  broadly  ovate  and  cordate  at  base,  nariH)wly 
lanceolate  and  long-acuminate,  strongly  eostate  to  the  ajx'x  ; 
ureolation  more  dense,  exactly  |»arenchymatous,  clongated- 
rhomboidal,  roimd-(iuadrate  or  rectangular  at  the  base  and  the 
basal  angles,  thick-walled,  chloroj)hyllose ;  ]»ericha'tial  leaves 
oblong,  narrowly  acuminate,  eostate  to  the  aj»ex:  caj>sule  long- 
))edicellate,  arcuate  or  inclined,  narrow-cylindrical,  constricted 
under  the  orifice  when  empty,  brown  ;  segments  entire  ;  cilia 
slender  and  sliorter  ;  annulus  composed  of  a  triple  series  of  cells. 
—  Prod.  C8.  Amhh/stegiinn  r<fdtc<ilf\  I>ru<'h  ct  Schimp.  IJryol. 
Eur.  t.  565.  //  varlutv,  Beauv.;  Sulliv.  Muse,  Alh'gli.  n.  'M). 
If.  serpens^  var.  variian,  Muell.  Syn.  ii.  412,  in  ]»art.  Aiuhh/- 
sterjiuni  s€rpe?u%  var.  radicale,  Aust.  Muse.  Appal.  Steveodoii 
radicalis,  Mitt.  Journ.  Linn.  Soc.  viii.  43. 

IIak.  Decayed  trunks,  roots  of  trees,  wet  groimd,  or  shady  places; 
very  coininon  and  extremely  variable. 


/ 


I;' 


^i     » 


ii 


374 


B11YACK.1C. 


\lf!/pnum. 


t 


In  Its  numerous  varieties  this  species  seems  to  pass  into  the  last,  'riu-ro 
is,  liowever,  a  constant  dilTurence  in  its  more  ri-i.i  Iim^.vs,  Imadn-  and 
cordate  at  l)ase,  tlie  costa  stouter  and  i)ereiurent.  and  tlic  aivn!.iti,,rj 
hliorter  and  tljiclc.  Tiie  capsule;  is  generally  nion"  solid,  of  a  uii,i.,imi 
brown  color,  not  red  at  the  nioutli;  the  opercultun  a  little  lonj,'iT,  siiaiplv 
acute  and  often  rostellate. 

liil.  H.  orthocladon,  IJcauv.  IM.-mts  in  lanrc  dccj,  some. 
whiit  looso  (lark  i^rccii  tufts;  branehlcts  imim-rous,  erect,  1  or  il 
cm.  lonij  or  more:  slein-lojivcs  broadly  ovatc-cDrdate  at  l»a>c 
iicuiniiiatc,  those  of  the  hraiiehes  nan-ower,  ojten-ereel,  <i)nca\c, 
entire  or  ohscurely  serrulate ;  costa  thick,  sul.]>eri'urreiit  ;  cells 
thick,  chlorojihyllose,  suhrhoinhoidal ;  pericha'tial  leaves  I'rect 
the  inner  nienjhranoiis,  plicate-striate,  distinctly  and  oldiiscjv 
(h'ntatu  above,  eusjiidate  by  the  excurrent  very  broad  ci.^ta; 
(!aj>sule  lari^e,  loiiif-eylindrieal,  narrowed  into  a  loni,^  c.)lluni, 
HJiuhtly  incurved,  ccrnuous,  yellowish  brown;  |tedicel  loii^, 
floxuous,  red;  operculum  lart^e,  lii^hly  convex,  conical-a|i!(ii- 
latv! ;  ])oristonie  of  //  serpens;  annulus  simple,  narrow. — 
Prod.  7-J;  Sulliv.  Icon.  Muse.  lUJ),  t.  Vl'l.  II.  nirlxni,  Ilook.^t 
Wils..,  L>rumm.  Muse.  Anu-r.  (Coll.  II.),  n.  14l'.  7/.  serpen.^,  var. 
van'nn),  3Iuell.,  in  jiart.     7/.  sei'pe»s,  var.  orthorhnfo,),  Aust.  I.  c. 

IIau.  Margins  of  swamps  and  sprini^y  places,  on  the  ijround.  on  stoiu-s, 
and  decayed  logs;  very  common,  and  very  dilticult  to  separate  from  the 
last  species. 

\'1'1.  H.  irriguum,  Tlook.  &  Wils.  Plants  droopinu',  ccs- 
j)itose;  stems  rii;id ;  l)ranelies  siibj)innately  ramulose:  leaves 
fiolid,  spreadinuf  and  subsecund,  opa«pie,  deltoid-ovate,  obcordato 
or  decurr<Mit  tit  base,  acuminate,  subserrtilate,  eostati;  to  {\w 
apex;  basilar  areolatlon  much  enlarLCt'd :  ca|)sule  oblont;  or 
strongly  arcuate  and  contracted  below  the  mouth  when  <lry, 
pale  brown;  o|)erciilum  as  in  tlie  last  species;  teeth  oraiii,'e 
below,  witli  abroad  hyaline  border;  annulus  of  a  trijde  scries 
of  cells.  —  Wils.  Bryol.  Brit.  3(51.  Amhlifsteffium  Jtinn<itllt\ 
Bruch  tfe  Schimp.  Bryol.  p]ur.  t.  560,  not  Swartz. 

Var.  spinifolium.  Tufts  ureenisli  black  ;  stems  loner,  rii:id, 
tlilek,  itiimersed,  fiexuous,  jirostrate,  irregularly  )>innate:  leaves 
ap))ressed,  strict,  solid,  narrower,  stiblinenr,  cus]»i(h'ite  l)y  the 
very  thick  excurrent  costa.  —  JL  jinviatile,  .l.imes,  Proc.  Acad. 
Phil.  1R55,  447.  77  noterophihim,  Sulliv.  tt  Lescp  :\Iusc.  lior.- 
Amer.  Exsicc.  n.  S4S ;  Sulliv.  flosses  of  U.  States,  78. 

IIab.  Niagara  Falls,  Trenton  Falls,  and  liittle  Falls,  New  Jersey;  the 
variety  in  limestone  springs,  renusylvauia  [Porter), 


f4 


Ul/pnnm.] 


IJIlYArE.E. 


375 


12:5.  H.  fluviatile,  Sw.-utz.  'i'lifls  ll.it,  soft,  dirty  LTntMi; 
stems  wit'i  few  radicles,  jn-ostrati',  dtiiiidatf  of  K'av«vs  in  lliu 
lower  part  l>y  maci-ratioii ;  braiu-liltts  few,  sul»rrcct :  lt'avi'.s 
more  or  loss  remote,  open,  ovale  or  ol)liin'4-laiiceolate,  concave, 
the  borders  reciiived  ut  bane;  eosta  very  thick,  abrupt iy  dis- 
solved below  tile  apex  ;  areolatinp  very  Ikum-,  oltlonij-ovati', 
larger  at  the  base,  btit  imiforin  ;  |iericha'lial  leaves  erect,  costate: 
capside  loiii^-cyliiidrical,  arcuate,  solid,  yi'llowish  bruwu  ;  peri- 
stome norma'.  —  .Muse.  Suec.  ()•'>.  ^liiiljli/Mfjinni  jIuiHntHe^ 
lirueh  it  Schimp.  Ilryol.  Kur.  t.  oOT. 

IIah.     Oh  rucks,  Closlcr,  New  .Jersey  (.l».s/(/i);  Ontario  {Mrx.  llotj). 

Vl\.  H.  adnatum,  IKdw.  Plants  depressed,  in  wide  flat 
pale  green  or  yellDwish  mats;  stems  creeping,  irregularly 
branching,  closely  ramuiose  ;  l»ranchlets  shoi-t,  distichous  :  leaves 
close,  erect-spreading,  ovat(!  or  oblong,  gradually  acuminate, 
very  concave  and  entire,  ecostate  or  shortly  i»istriate  at  base; 
areolati(m  pellucid,  subrhondioidal,  prosenchymatous,  elongated 
at  base,  smaller,  (piadrate  and  opacpie  at  the  basilar  angles; 
outer  pericha'tial  leaves  ovate,  narrowly  acuminate,  spreading, 
the  inner  larger,  erect,  oblong,  abruptly  acuminate,  coarsely  and 
irregularly  dentate  below  the  jioint,  moi-e  distinctly  costate  to 
the  middle:  capsule  erect,  cernuous,  oblong,  une<pial,  grailually 
narrowed  to  a  short  ])edicel,  reddish  above,  yellowish  below; 
operculum  ]»ale,  convex-conical,  more  or  less  long-pointed  ;  teeth 
yellowish:  cilia  one  or  two,  nearly  as  \o\\\x  as  the  entire  seuf- 
nu'iits;  anmilus  i)ersistent.  —  S)»ec.  ]\Iusc.  24*^,  t.  (J4 ;  .Sulliv. 
iNIosses  of  U.  States,  7S,  and  Icon.  Muse.  l'.;7,  t.  \1\. 

IIah.     Shady  woods  on   stones  or  on  trees  near  the  surface  of  the 
ground;  connnon  and  variable. 

125.  H.  COmpactum,  j\rnell.  Plants  small,  in  very  com- 
pact tufts,  reddish  brown  within,  greenish  on  the  surface;  stems 
slender,  'J  or  3  c.m.  long,  erect,  fascicndately  ramose,  tonientose- 
radiculose  to  near  the  apex;  branches  closely  foliati-:  leaves 
erect-s|>reading,  ovate-lanceolate,  gradually  acuminate,  decurrent 
at  base,  concave,  serndate  on  the  borders  esjiecially  below, 
tlnckly  costate  to  near  the  a])ex ;  areolation  loose,  narrowly 
rhomboidal,  fusiform,  with  few  smaller  quadrate  alar  cells; 
perichnotial  leaves  oblong,  more  abruptly  acuminai  e,  distinctly 
serndate  at  the  apex,  narrowly  costate  :  capsule  erect  or  slightly 
inclined,  oblong,  thin,  constricted  under  the  broad  orifice,  long- 


: 


376 


liUVACK/K. 


[lllfpmun. 


a 


1' 


j)0(llcell!it(',  narrowod  to  ;i  distiiirt  colluin  ;  oiicn-uluiii  <uiiic:il 
ucMti*  or  short-ntstcllatc;  tectli  |ial(!  yellow ;  si'i^'uciits  sli-htlv 
ck'l't  aloiiuf  the  kc't'l ;  cilia  Kiiii,'Ic,  vitv  sliort ;  aiuiulu.s  siinpU'. -1 
Syii.  ii.  4t)S;  Sulliv.  [con.  Muse.  'Jill,  t.  12:5.  J/i/jmnm  furjjcus, 
wir.  C(»n/>t(cti(m,  Druimn.  Muso.  Aiiicr.  n.  l.ss.  ^Stenodou  omi. 
pactiiSy  ^lilt.  1.  c. 

IlAii.     On  decayed  wood;  Britisli  Aiiiorica  {l)nivnnon<l);  Fori  Colvillo 
(LijitU);  Nevjidiv  ( \Vatnon)\  Ontario,  Ciinada  (Macoiin). 

Aiiilili/.stc'jiiini  scrrdfiiiii,  Uruch  A-  Sdiinip.  (Uryol.  Kiir.  AiiifilifHtr>/iuiii, 
11;  hulliv.  Mo.sjscs  of  U.  Stau's,  7S),  pruhaldy  bclonn.s  to  tliis  siiccios. 

1*J<>.  H.  Lescurii,  Sulliv.  Tufts  loose,  (lai-k  ixw'vu  or  Mack  ; 
Ktciiis  prostrate,  dct'oliate  at  base,  irregularly  hraucliiiiir  aii.i 
rainuiose  ;  hranclilets  close,  uiieciual :  leaves  loosely  inihrie.iic 
erect -spreadiut;,  thick,  opacjiie,  serrulate  all  aroun<l  tlie  liunlcis, 
those  of  the  stem  broadly  ovate-cordate,  abruptly  shorl-ac  iiini- 
nate,  those  of  the  branches  narrt)Wor  and  ovate-laiieeujatc,  all 
concave  with  a  yellowish  bonU-r  formed  of  4  or  ;')  rows  of  (jex- 
y-  nous  linear  cells;  costa  very  thick,  vanishinuf  in  the  ajtex  ;  cells 

liexaiional-oblont^,  chlorophyllose;  periclia-tial  leaves  erect,  ob- 
h)nii-lanceoIate,  cuspidate  by  the  excurrent  costa,  sti-iate  len^th- 
M'ise :  ca|)sule  obloni;,  ceruuous  or  subincurved,  short-necked; 
pedicel  1  to  JJ  cm.  lomr,  reiMish  ;  lid  convex-conical,  apiculate; 
teeth  golden  yellow,  connate  at  base;  se<:;uients  dehiscent  ajou'^ 
the  keel;  cilia  two,  stout,  nearly  as  lontj  as  the  se<:incnts ; 
annulus  larije,  compound.  —  Mosses  of  TJ.  States,  7l>,  and  Icon. 
Muse.  203,  t.  24;  Sulliv.  &  Lesq.  ]Musc.  Bor.-Anier.  Exsicc.  n.  .J;*!!. 
ITah.  On  moist  rocks;  first  found  at  Tallnlaii  Falls,  (Jcoiijia  { Lis- 
qucr('U.r)',  afterwards  in  most  of  the  Middle  Stales,  from  Maine  to  Penn- 
sylvania; not  common. 

*  *   Plants  looselif  ccspitose:  Iravcs  soft^  decurroit ;  are<)l<iflu,i 
rhoiubic-lie.cagondl^  loose  at  base,  rectangidar  at  the  ati<;h  a. 

127.  H.  riparium,  Linn.  Growin2f  in  wide  loose  soft  dirty 
or  yellowish  <;reen  Hat  tufts;  steins  lorn;,  sometimes  very  lonu:, 
creepinu^  or  floatiiii;,  flaccid,  with  few  branches,  iri"e<;ularly 
ramulosc  :  leaves  crowded  or  distant,  ujencrally  distichous,  some- 
times subsecund,  shortly  decurrent,  l)roadly  ovate  or  ol)lon<4- 
"V  lanceolate  or  sagittate,  excavate  at  the  basilar  angles,  more  or 
less  narrowly  and  long-acuminate,  very  entire,  costate  to  above 
the  middle  ;  areolation  narrowly  rhomboidal,  loosely  quadrate 
at  the  angles,  with  the  primordial  utricles  very  distinct,  esj)e- 


JIl/llllHIU.\ 


DIIVACE.E. 


377 


cially  at  tlic  l»Mso;  outer  pcriclui'tial  Icavos  sprcadiivjf  horn  tlic 
iniddU',  tilt'  inner  iDii^er,  erect,  iiairowly  aciinii?iate  and  eostatc, 
liistriate:  eajisiile  ineurvecl,  suliluM'i/ontal,  oval  or  eylindrical- 
(lltI(»nl,^  arcuate  when  drv,  linlil  Wrowii,  often  of  two  colors; 
o|»ercnlnm  laru;e,  oranirc,  c«»nical-a|»iciilate ;  iici'istonic  lai'i^i-; 
teeth  dai'lv  oranui' ;  cilia  t\v<»  or  thre*',  ap|iciidicidat(',  a.^  lon;^'  as 
the  scL^nuMits,  which  ai'e  entire  or  slightly  cleft  ;  annwiiis  com- 
jionnd.  —  Spec.  IM.  lllil*.  ^{inlth/steijitdii  rij»irii///i,  I5rii(h  tt 
Schiin|i.  Iliyol.  I'iiii'.  t.  o7<',  'Ul.     Stcn'ixhjn  rijuti'lKs^  .Mitt. 

\'ar.  abbreviatum.  Stems  short:  leaves  small,  more  com- 
pact :  ca|isiilc  shorter. 

Var.  flaccidum.  Small ;  stems  filiform,  very  lomx ;  hranchcs 
and  l»ranchlcts  Hat,  soft,  divcru'cnt:  leaves  distant,  sa^iltate- 
lanccolatc,  lonijj-aciiminatc  :   pedicel  shoil  and  capsule  small. 

Var.  fluitans.  Stems  and  iManches  lon<^,  soft,  ilirty  yellow  : 
leaves  closely  iml»ricati'<l :  rarely  fi'rtile. 

Hah.  Sioncs,  (Iccayed  wood,  and  roots  of  fives,  in  swamps  and  stai;- 
naiiL  watiT,  csix'cially  var.  Jldcrlditin  :  borders  of  slrcaius,  lloatiiii;  in 
lilt!  mud.  wiv.  Jliiit(uis\  very  common  on  hotli  slopes  of  Norlli  Aiiit'iica. 

Only  llie  more  marked  .\mcriean  ft)iiiis  ttf  tliis  polymorphous  species 
are  givtMi  here.  Its  small  states  resemhle  //.  Hrypciis,  lar,i;er  it  i.s  much 
likti  II,  Jhiilniis,  and  in  streams  it  resembles  Fuutinalin  liij'unius. 

riS.  H.  Vacillans.  Plants  intricate,  clt)sely  cespitose; 
stems  procumlient,  sparingly  sul»i)innately  hranchinn-;  stem- 
leaves  more  distant,  two-ranketl,  crect-sjireatlinu,  narrowly 
lanceolate-acuminate,  tlK)se  t)f  the  branches  narrow,  ohloni^- 
lancet)late,  acute  t)r  blunt  at  the  ape.v  ;  costa  stout,  threc-fourlh.s 
t)f  the  lem^th  of  the  leaves;  cells  narrow,  irreu^idar  at  the  a))e.\', 
broadly  quatlrate  antl  ])elluci<l  at  the  anijles :  capsule  snliereet, 
rutrose;  operculum  conical,  obtuse;  cilia  ruijulose,  shtn-ter  than 
the  segments;  .nnulus  sim)»le,  narrow.  —  Ainblystcjiuni  cacil- 
kins,  Sulliv.  Icon.  Muse.  Su|)j)l.  90,  t.  72. 
IIab.     White  Mountains  (Oakeft). 


r 


SLHGENrs  XVII.   ca:\ipylium. 

Stems  prostrate,  Avith  crt)wded  ascendinc^  brandies.  Leaves 
abruptly  long-acuminate  from  a  broad  ovate  base,  subsquarrose, 
scarcely  costate;  areolation  minute,  linear,  flexuous.  Ca])sule 
subarcuate,  often  of  two  colors ;  pedicel  smooth.  Operculum 
convex-conic.  —  Campylium^  Mitt. 


Vl 


878 


DUVACK.I-:. 


[Ili^pnuiit. 


+ 


t 


!-!>.  H.  hispidulum,  Uri-l.  iMoiKPcious:  plants  hui:;ll,  in- 
tcrlaccd  ill  <lfiiM!  liriLflil  nii-cu  lulls,  y.-iluwisli  Ir-Idw  ;  bU-iiis 
|»rt»tr:it(',  latliculus*',  ii  rcnularly  siil»|iiiiiiatfly  raimilus*-;  ilm 
hraiiclilcls  tinnier,  cnct  or  i-xpainlcd  :  U-avi-s  h^usc,  lit»ri/i)iifal 
or  .si|uarrosr-n'lU'.\ftl,  .sol't,  icminl-iK'lloiil,  acumiiiaii',  tKriiricni 
ill  liasf,  sliy;lilly  coiicavi',  HubsriTiilatc  all  around  ;  cosla  duiililc, 
very  short  »/r  none  ;  ct'lls  ol'  the  hasilar  aii;;k'.s  nuiiuitMi>,  miU 
«|uatlrati',  irranulosr ;  pcricluftial  K-avcs  wliitish,  ohlonj;  ami 
loiiH-acuniinaU',  ivHrxc*!  al  lliv  a|»cx  :  caiisulc  small,  olilun.;, 
nioir  or  less  incurvrd,  wilii  a  wide  orillrc,  yellowish  lirowii; 
ju'dici'l  i'(»iii]»arativcly  lont;'  (-  ciii.),  jialf  yellow;  (•|icrciilmu 
coiivcx-conieal,  apiculati'  and  curved  u|r,\ard;  cilia  aj'|K'iidicii. 
late,  nearly  as  loni;  as  the  slit^htly  cK-ll  se<j;nients;  aiiiiiiliis 
siiii|ile.  —  .Muse.  Ki'ci'nl.  Sujijil.  ii.  lU*^;  Siilliv.  .Moxs  oi'  V. 
Slates,  77,  and  Icon.  ^>Iusc.  ID.'J,  t.  lll>.  //.  Ilnlhr!,  var.  ('.•'), 
Hook.  Si  W'ils.  in  Druniiu.  AIusc.  Anier.  (coll.  II.),  n.  117. 
JI.  fitilhttaiii,  var.  /n'.yn'dnluhi,  lirid.  IJiyol,  I'niv.  ii.  (jo;], 
C'iOiipi/liion  /lispii/H/tim,  .Mitt.  .lourn.  Linn.  Soc.  xii,  do  I. 
IlAii.     Hoots  of  trees  ami  bushes,  near  the  ground  in  Hwamiiy  iilaces. 

IHO.  H.  chrysophyllum,  Ilrid.  Did'dous:  in  loose  intri- 
cate dirty  or  yellowish  mven  tufts;  stums  loiii;,  slender,  [uos- 
trate,  llexuous,  |)innately  ramulose,  the  hranchlets  erect  :  leaves 
close,  rctk'XiMl-s(iuarruiose  from  an  erect  concave  hase,  entire ; 
costa  sim])lc,  narrow,  ascondinuj  to  above  tlio  middle;  outir 
]»erichietial  leaves  s(juarrosc,  the  inner  erect;  capsule  Iohlj- 
|iedicellate,  cylindrical-ohlong,  incurved,  ))ale  orange;  cilia 
stout,  nearly  as  U)n<;  as  the  entire  segments;  annuliis  lai-jfc, 
compound.  —  Muse.  IJecent.  iii.  <S4,  t.  'J,  iitr.  2.  II.  pohj- 
morphinn.,  Hruch  &  Schimj).  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  583,  not  Iledw.; 
Sulliv.  Mosses  of  U.  States,  77. 

Var.  tenellum.  Plants  smaller:  leaves  less  squarroso, 
clossy,  more  distant,  narrower,  Ioniser  and  more  narrowly  acu- 
minate, longer  areolate. — //.  Ucrf/ene/isc,  Aust.  Muse.  .i\ppal. 
n.  :!t)l. 

Hah.  On  the  ground,  roots  of  trees,  and  decaying  trunks;  plains  and 
mountains. 

Tlie  si)ecios  is  very  variable  and  some  of  Its  forms  closely  resemble 
II.  Soiuincrfcltii,  Myrin,  which  is  a  much  smaller  moss,  witli  sornilato 
leaves.  H.  licrnenrnur,  Aust.,  at  first  figured  by  Sullivant  as  a  speeies 
for  the  Supplement  of  the  Icones,  was  later  considered  by  hini  as  a  vaiicty 
of  this  species. 


r* 


^ 


Jli/pnum.] 


IJUYACK.K. 


a7!> 


V.\\.  H.  Stellatum,  Sdiri'l).  Dia'ciouH:  plants  rolmst, 
erect  (»r  ()ro>ti;iti',  in  tki  |t  loose  inlrii'ale  liiownor  villow  iiili>; 
8t(  III  tiiil>tluhotoinoii<,  fastiiiiato,  scarcely  radiculosi' ;  Kavt'S 
close,  s(juarrost',  siilxK'eiinvMt,  tlallisli,  very  entire,  flossy, 
marked  at  base  with  two  short  yellowish  stria-  instead  ol"  eosta  ; 
areolation  very  narrow,  enlarne<l  and  reetan^iihir  at  I  lie  lia.>;il 
juiLrles;  perichietinrn  short,  the  lower  leavi's  n-enrved  from  the 
middle,  the  n|i|ter  eret't,  plicate  leni^thwisi-,  gradually  narrowed 
into  a  loiit^  tjliform  piMnt :  male  |>lant  smaller  and  leNsdisided 
than  the  I'l-rtih':  capsule  incurved,  cernnoiis,  oIiIoul,'  or  sub- 
cylindrical,  brown,  sulcale  and  <'onstricted  under  the  orifice 
whi'u  em|»ty ;  opercuhun  hii;hly  convex-acuminate;  teeth 
oranj^'e  at  base,  yellowish  above;  ueLjments  slightly  cleft  ;  cilia 
two,  nearly  as  Ioulj  as  the  segments;  annulns  broad,  coni|iound. 
—  Spicil.  Fl.  Lips.  [)'2;  liryol.  Eur.  t.  i)84.  Ainbli/nti:jiuin 
attlhit'Dii^  I-imlb. 

\\w.  protensum  Hruch  &  Schiinj>.  1.  0.  St(>m  droopinuf, 
much  branchetl  and  densely  ramidose,  in  dense  yellowish  green 
tufts:  leaves  shiM'ter. 

II.VM.  n<),!,'i,'y  pniirios  ami  sw.iJiips;  raro  in  fruit.  Foimd  in  fiiiit  near 
Lancaster,  Pennsylvania  (7'.  t'.  I'urlcr).  The  variety  at  Liulu  F.ills,  New 
York;  Canada  ( .l/«coi</i). 

l;}-.  H.  polygamum,  Wils.  Closely  related  to  the  last, 
differini^  in  its  less  robust  ])lants  in  shorter  green ish  brown  tufts, 
tiie  leaves  less  crowded  and  less  s(piarr<)se,  narrower  ami  com- 
))aratively  longer,  ovate  or  oblong  at  base,  gradually  narrowed 
into  a  long  subulate  ]>oint,  narrowly  eostate  to  below  the  |)oint, 
and  the  areolation  looser:  pericha'tium  radicidose  below,  the 
flowers  fertile  and  bisexual,  ajjo-regati'd  at  its  base.  —  J>iv<d. 
Brit.  JJC) ;  Schimp.  CoroU.  131.  A'mhli/st<''jhnn  poh/i/<i)uitin^ 
Bruch  iSk  Schini]).  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  572.  JL  stellatum^  Drumm. 
Muse.  Amer.  n.  184,  in  part. 

IIau.  British  America  { Drummond) ',  swamps  around  Closter,  New 
Jersey  (Austin);  Chelsea,  Massachusetts  (James). 

SuKOEXus  XVTII.    IIAIlPIDirM. 

Plants  with  few^  branches,  rootless,  long,  subpinnately  ranui- 

lose,  more  or  less  hooked-curved.     Leaves  falcate-secnnd,  lili- 

formly  acuminate,  sim])ly  eostate,  of  firm  texture;   areolation 

narrow,  linear,  enlarged  toward  the  base  and  generally  inflated 


7^ 


•7^ 


y- 


380 


BRYACE/E. 


[TTypnum. 


+ 


f 


at   the   basal  excavated    angles.      Capsule   o1)long-cylin(lrical 
erect-cernuous,  on  a  smooth  pedicel.    Operculum  shortly  convex- 
conical. 

133.  H.  aduncum,  Iledw.  Dioecious :  stem-loavcp  f:iJcato- 
secund,  broadly  ovate  or  lanceolate,  gradually  loiig-acunuiiate, 
flexuous  or  half-twisted  at  the  a])ex,  with  a  thin  coinj-ressi'd 
costa  two-thinis  of  the  length  of  the  leaf;  those  upon  the 
branchlets  smaller,  falcate,  rarely  spreading,  soft  and  thin; 
basilar  areolation  hexagonal-rectangular,  larger,  inilated,  julhi- 
cid  at  the  decurrent  angles,  narrower  in  the  middle,  very  long, 
narrow  and  rectangular  or  rhoinboidal-licxungular  at  the  apex; 
basilar  ])erichtetial  leaves  very  broadly  ovate,  gradually  larger 
{\bove,  ovfite  and  oblong-lanceolate,  the  inner  iong-aeuniiiiate, 
narrowly  costate  and  sulcate,  all  erect,  thin,  ])ale:  cajisule  cy- 
lindi'ical  or  incurved-'/ljlonti:,  arcuate  and  sidcate  when  drv ; 
oj)erculum  convex,  short-aj)iculate ;  teeth  brown ;  segments 
yellow,  entire  or  cleft  between  the  arti'-jlations;  cilia  two  or 
three,  subai»pendiculate ;  annulus  compound,  large,  —  3Iusc. 
P^rond.  iv.  (52,  t.  24 ;  Schimp,  IJryol.  Eur.  Supj)l.  I/i/pnuiii,  t.  1. 

Var.  intermedium.  Stems  long,  irregularly  pimuite-raniu- 
lose :  leaves  abruptly  short-acuminate  from  an  ovate  base  or 
long-lanceolate,  subsecund ;  lower  branch-leaves  ovate,  short- 
acuminate,  ecostate,  the  mi<hlle  lanceolate,  subfalcate,  sliort- 
co^.tate,  the  upper  long-lanceolate,  narrowly  acuminate. — 
Schimp.  1.  c,  t.  1,  B  1-8. 

Var.  Kneiffli,  Schimp.  1.  c.  Stems  long,  flexuous,  soft, 
prostrate  or  ascending,  more  divided;  branches  simple  or  un- 
equally ramulose :  leaves  narrowly  lanceolate,  costate  to  the 
middle;  basilar  areolation  narrower,  angular,  very  lai'ge  and 
liexagonal  at  the  angles ;  lower  pericha^tial  leaves  sj)reading 
from  tlie  middle,  the  upper  dee])ly  sulcate.  —  Anihh/stCf/hnn 
Kiieijfii.,  l^ruch  &  Schimp.  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  573.  /Staxodon 
Kneiffil,  IMitt. 

Var.  polycarpum,  Bruch  tt  Schimp.  Stems  curved  down- 
ward, slender,  more  branched  and  ramulose :  leaves  loose,  open, 
subfalcate,  those  of  the  apex  falcate-secund,  soft,  green,  broadly 
ovate  or  oblong,  narrowed  at  base,  narrowly  lanceolate ;  areo- 
lation as  in  the  var.  Kneiffii:  abinidantly  fruiting.  —  15ryol. 
ICur.  t.  G05,  y.  11.  pohjcarpon.,  Bland.  //  Kneiffii,  Schimp. 
Coroll.  135. 


Ilypnum.] 


DliYACE^. 


381 


Var.  gracilescens,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Tufts  soft,  yellowish  ; 
stems  slender,  erect,  sparingly  branching,  piiniately  rainulose, 
the  upper  branehlets  longer:  leaves  smaller,  open,  falcate  or 
reflexed  from  the  middle  or  undulate  Hexuous  at  the  apex, 
lanceolate-acuminate  fiom  an  enlarged  cordate  base,  costate  to 
above  the  niiddle ;  basilar  areolation  loose,  re(!tangulai--hexagonal, 
that  of  the  apex  long  and  flexuous-linear ;  leaves  of  the  branch- 
lets  narrower,  lanceolate-acuminate,  uncinate.  —  Uryol.  Eur. 
t.  004,  iig.  3,  22,  t>3,  and  t.  005,  ,1 

Var.  tenue,  IJruch  &  Schini]).  Stem  prostrate  or  ascending, 
very  slender,  ])iniiately  or  irregularly  ramulose:  leaves  small, 
upon  the  stems  open-secund  and  ovate-lanceolate,  on  the 
branches  very  narrow  and  falcate  or  tlexuous,  the  perichictia 
often  aggregated  ;  like  the  last,  but  more  slender  and  prostrate. 
—  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  G05,  d. 

Var.  hamatum.  Plants  very  largo  and  regularly  i)in- 
nately  ramulose ;  branehlets  s])reading,  rigid,  incurved  hamate 
at  the  apex :  young  leaves  yellowish  green,  shining,  the  old 
brown  or  blackish,  all  solid,  long-lanceolate,  acuminate,  auricu- 
late  at  the  excavated  angles;  basal  cells  oval-rectangular,  twice 
longer  than  broad,  those  of  the  auricles  quadrate,  the  middle 
longer  and  narrowly  hexagonal-rectangular,  the  apical  very 
narrow,  long,  linear-hexagonal,  diaphanous;  costa  stout,  solid, 
rather  broader  than  thick,  reaching  nearly  to  the  apex,  yellowish 
brown:  flowers  and  fruit  unknown.  —  //  ad/mcuin,  var.  hmna- 
turn  and  var.  gif/anteum,  Bruch  &,  Schimp.  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  006. 
S.  hamifoUum,  Schimp.  Syn.  ed.  2,  732. 

Hah.  Swampy  ground,  bogs  and  ditclies;  very  v.ariable  and  common, 
but  rarely  fruiting.  Var.  gracilescen/i  in  limestone  springs,  Tcnnsyl- 
vania;  var.  Kneiffii,  with  loose  loaves  (var.  laxitiu,  Mildo),  near  Closter, 
New  Jersey  {Austin);  and  var.  hdinatum,  in  peat  bogs  and  on  the  bor- 
ders of  lakes  in  Minnesota,  and  in  swamps  near  Milwaukee,  A\'i.sconsin 
(Lesquercux). 

134.  H.  Sendtneri,  Schimp.  Dioecious:  tufts  deep  and 
wide,  dirty  red  or  bright  green  at  the  surface,  fuscous  or  black 
within ;  plants  long,  simple,  flexuoiis,  ])innately  ramulose ; 
branehlets  involute  at  the  apex  :  leayes  crowded,  falcate-secund, 
broadly  ovate  or  oblong-lanceolate,  acuminate,  hooked,  recurved 
from  the  middle,  very  concave,  somewhat  glossy,  slightly  striate 
when  dry,  and  slightly  decurrent  and  excavate  at  the  angles ; 
basilar  cells  long-rectangular,   narrower  toward  the  borders, 


f 


'n 


^ 


yA  '    ■-'' 


382 


BRYACE^. 


[Ilijpnum. 


t 


colored  and  hyaline,  those  of  the  angles  thick,  long,  sulKjund- 
rate,  dark-oraiigc ;  periduL'tium  as  in  the  preceding:  capsule 
long,  cermious,  erect  at  base  or  horizontally  arched,  cylindrical- 
ohloiig,  constricted  under  the  orifice  and  irregularly  sulcate 
when  dry ;  operculum  convex,  short-apiculate ;  teetii  dark 
orange;  segments  narrowly  cleft  between  the  articulations; 
cilia  2  or  3,  as  long  as  the  segments,  stout,  suba])j)en(liculate 
and  j)unctulate;  annulus  large,  compound,  jjcrslstent.  —  Bryol. 
Eur.  Suppl.  J/i/jnacni,  t.  2,  3.     Arnbli/st€f/ium  JSendtneri^  Liiidb. 

Var.  Wilsoni,  Schimj*.  1.  c.  Tufts  deep,  soft  or  irregularly 
drooi>ing,  dirty  yellow  or  fuscous ;  plants  very  long  (a  foot  or 
more)  ;  stems  slender,  simjtle  or  scarcely  divided,  distantly  ram- 
ulose :  leaves  larger,  tiliform-acuminate,  more  or  less  arcuate  or 
hooked  ;  basilar  angles  shorter  and  quadrate  ;  basilar  areolation 
shorter.  —  Ainhlysteginni  Wilso)ii,  Lindb. 

II An.  The  variety  only  has  heen  found  in  Xorth  America,  in  water,  at 
Budd's  Lalie,  New  Jersey  (T.  P.  James),  as  determined  by  Ilenault. 

135.  H.  uncinatum,  Iledw.  Mona-cious:  tufts  pale  or 
yellowish  green,  erect  or  drooping;  stems  solid,  distantly  pin- 
nately  ramuloso ;  branchlets  attenuate-falcate  at  the  apex: 
leaves  long,  falcate-secund  or  hooked,  lanceolate-subulate,  plicate, 
minutely  serrulate  above,  thinly  costate ;  areolation  very  nar- 
row, more  enlarged  at  base,  broader  and  rectangular  at  the 
slightly  excavate  angles;  perichastium  very  long,  the  outer 
leaves  recurved  from  the  middle,  costate,  the  inner  very  long 
and  long  filiform-acuminate,  sharply  serrate  at  the  apex,  cos- 
tate and  plicfite,  soft :  capsule  cernuous,  incurved  or  suberect, 
cylindrical,  solid,  constricted  under  the  orifice  when  dry,  brown- 
orange,  darker  when  old;  operculum  orange,  highly  convex, 
coTiical-acuminatc ;  teeth  orange  at  the  base,  yellowish  above; 
segments  slisilitly  cleft,  and  the  two  slender  cilia  as  lono;  as  the 
teeth;  annulus  broad,  of  three  rows  of  cells.  —  Muse.  Frond. 
iv.  G5,  t.  45;  Bryol.  Kur.  t.  000.     Stereodon  wichiatus,  Brid. 

Var.  abbreviatum,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  1.  c.  Stems  shorter : 
leaves  narrower,  incurved,  falcate :  capsule  shorter-pedicellate, 
nearly  erect,  browm. 

Var.  plumosum,  Schimp.  Drooj^ing,  widely  creeping, 
soft,  pinnately  ramulose :  loaves  hooked,  with  a  long  flexuous 
loricate  or  capillary  distantly  serrate  point:  capsule  narrow, 
cylindrical,  incurved.  —  Syn.  612. 


w^ 


Hypnum.] 


BRYACE^E. 


383 


Var.  plumulosum,  Brueh  &  Schimp.  1.  c.  Very  small  and 
bIc'IkIlt,  intricately  cc'S]titose  and  creopitiix,  jiinnately  raniulose: 
loaves  small,  with  a  shorter  point,  cnrved  in  a  circle,  distantly 
serrulate  at  apex  :  capsule  short-pedicellate,  small.  —  I/.  Pcck'ii, 
Aust.  in  IJep.  Heg.  Univ.  of  State  of  N.  York,  xxv.  71. 

Var.  gracilescens,  l>ruch  &  Schini[).  More  densely  ccspi- 
tose ;  stem  erect,  slender,  densely  ramidose :  leaves  shorter, 
st)lid,  less  falcate. 

Var.  subjulaceum,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Stem  erect,  with 
few  hranchlets,  teretely  imbricate  :  leaves  erect-secund,  scarcely 
uncinate,  green,  glossy:  capsule  suberec^^^,  cylindrical. 

Var.  fragile.  Stems  fragile,  erect,  tubflexuous,  simple  or 
sparingly  branching  by  innovations:  le:  ves  subhomomallous, 
uncinate,  very  concave,  narrowly  acuminaa»,  gradually  narrowed 
at  base,  very  entire;  areolation  linear,  fusiform;  basilar  cells 
much  shorter,  scarcely  broader ;  those  of  the  auricles  subin- 
flated.  —  //  Jamesii,  Aust.,  Coult.  Bot.  Gaz.  il.  142. 

IIaii.  On  stones  bordering  rivulets  or  on  sliadod  ground,  and  rarely 
on  decayed  wood;  very  common  in  aipineand  subalpine  regions,  and  very 
variable. 

13G.  H.  fiuitans,  Linn.  Monoecious :  plants  in  soft  loose 
yellowish  dirty  red  tufts,  often  immersed  or  floating ;  stems 
long,  slender,  with  dichotomous  divisions,  pinnately  ramulose : 
stem-leaves  distant,  flexuous,  spreading,  only  those  of  the  apex 
hooked,  long-lanceolate,  gradually  narrowly  acuminate;  those 
of  the  branches  an  I  branchlets  narrower,  curved  to  one  side  or 
falcate-secund,  all  costate  to  near  the  apex,  concave,  not  sulcate, 
minutely  denticulate  on  the  borders;  areolation  very  narrowly 
rhomboidal,  enlarged  at  the  decurrent  angles ;  perichietial  leaves 
costate,  the  inner  broad  and  long,  narrowly  acuminat  ^ :  capsido 
erect  at  base,  oblong,  incurved,  with  a  distinct  collum,  soft; 
pedicel  very  long  and  Hex  nous;  operculum  highly  convex, 
mamillate ;  teeth  short ;  •segments  entire ;  cilia  one  or  two, 
thick,  shorter  than  the  segments;  annulus  none.  —  Fl.  Siicc. 
822 ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  602.  Amhltjstegiwn  fluitcms^  DeXot,  Briol. 
Ital.  148. 

Var.  submersum,  Schimp.  Stems  very  long  and  very 
slender,  with  few  branches  and  branchlets:  leaves  longer,  very 
soft,  flat,  pale  green  when  young,  fuscous  when  old :  capsule 
shorter,  thicker,  on  a  very  long  slender  straight  pedicel. — 
Syn.  609. 


-f 


}<  in 


384 


BRYACE.E. 


[Ilijpnum. 


7 


t 


-f 


Var.  falcatum,  Bmch  &  Schimp.  1.  c.  More  robust  and 
more  densely  ramulo.se :  leaves  larger,  more  erowded,  fuleate- 
secund,  solid,  yellowish  when  younn;,  l)rown  when  old. 

Var.  Jamesii.  Branehes  long,  regularly  jjinnatoly  ramu- 
lose:  leaves  long,  very  ?-iarrow ;  eosta  stout,  nearly  j)ercurrent. 

II AK.  Ditclies,  open  ileep  swamps,  and  peat-bogs;  coiuznon.  The  last 
variety  in  the  White  Mountains  (Jutucs). 

137.  H.  exannulatum,  Guembel.  Stems  erect  or  droop- 
ing, varying  in  length ;  branches  and  branchlcts  circinnate  by 
the  incurving  of  the  leaves:  leaves  crowded,  imcinate-secund, 
the  uj)|»er  falcate,  long-lanceolate,  narrowly  acuminate,  concave, 
not  sulcate,  minutely  serrate  below,  nearly  entire  above,  nar- 
rowly costate  to  near  tlie  ajiex,  glossy ;  areolation  vermicular, 
very  narrow,  larger  and  longer  at  base  than  in  the  middle  ;  cells 
of  the  anricidate  angles  large  and  inHatod,  hyaline:  cajjsule 
long-]>edicellate,  erect-incurved,  cylincb'ical-oblong ;  operculum 
v-onvex-eonical,  aj)iculate ;  ])eristome  perfect;  segments  and 
cilia  (three)  as  long  as  the  teeth;  annulus  none.  —  JJryol.  Eur. 
t.  G03.     Amhlystegium  exannulatum^  DeXot.  1.  c.  142. 

IIau.     Marshy  places;  Catskill  Moiintains  (C.  //.  Perl:);  rare. 

Differs  from  IF.fluitam  in  the  more  solid  narrower  and  nioro  falcate 
leaves,  distinctly  auriculatc  at  base,  the  narrower  areolation,  and  the  di- 
oecious inflorescence. 

138.  H.  revolvens,  Swartz.  Monoecious:  tufts  soft,  red- 
dish brown  or  nearly  black;  stems  slender,  erect-flex  nous, 
branching,  fastigiately  ramidose:  leaves  twisted  or  circinnate- 
falcate,  long  sublineardanceohate,  long  filiform-acuminate,  costate 
to  above  the  middle  or  at  the  base  only  on  the  brnnchlets;  areo- 
lation very  narrow,  vermicular,  Avith  a  few  elongated  hyaline 
basilar  cells;  outer  perichnetial  leaves  erect,  abrui)tly  lilifi^rm- 
acuminate  from  a  short  ovate  base,  ccostate,  the  inner  long, 
gradually  long-acuminate,  sulcate  and  narrowly  costate  to  the 
base  of  the  point:  capside  erect  at  the  distinctly  necked  base, 
cernnous,  oblong-oval,  scarcely  constricted  under  the  orifice 
when  dry;  operculum  convex-conical,  apiculatc ;  cilia  two, 
shorter  than  the  slightly  cleft  segments;  anntdus  large,  of  a 
triple  :ow  of  cells.  — Muse.  Suec.  38,  t.  7,  fig.  U;  Bryol.  Eur. 
t.  601.     Amblystefjium  revolvens,  DeNot.  1.  c.  140. 

Var.  intermedium.  Leaves  more  densely  crowded,  cir- 
cinnate, shorter,  with  a  shorter  spirally  incurved  point ;  areo- 
lation shorter  and  broader. 


Ilypnum.] 


BKYACE^E. 


385 


IlAiJ.  T)opp  swixinps  of  Nortliorn  Oliio  (ips7»e)T»/),  stciil  •;  Alaska 
(Ilarringfon),  frrtiK'.     Thft  variofy  at  NMa^ara  Falls  (  f.  .!.  /,'  ■    '. 

The  vaiit'ly  is  considered  by  IJonault  as  II.  C'o.s.sojit,  a  loiiii  i  f  //.  ccr- 
nicosuin. 

139.  H.  vernicOSUm,  Lin<ll).  Diavious:  widely  ccsidtose, 
dirty  grcc'M  or  yollow,  fuscous  within;  j)lants  loii^i,  ( ivc(,  pin- 
natcly  raniulose ;  hraiu'lik'ts  short,  spreadiuuj  at  ii'.;!i(  ani^les, 
iiivohito,  hooked  at  the  apt'x  :  Weaves  very  glossy,  st'ciuid.  hamate, 
rcik'xed  from  the  mi»Ulic,  ovate  or  broadly  ohloiiu'  hmccolate, 
acuminate,  very  entire,  not  decurrent  nor  auiieulale  at  base, 
concave  and  sidcate,  coslate  to  abovo  the  middle  ;  ai-colation 
lonir  and  narrowly  vermicular,  the  lower  basilar  ctils  hroader, 
reddish  bi-own  in  two  rows;  outer  jK'riehietial  leav  s  icllexed 
at  the  ape.v,  the  u{)|)er  long,  gradually  acumiintc,  CDstate, 
deeply  sulcate :  caj»sulc  long-pedicellate,  oblong,  siibiirciiate, 
horizontal,  much  arcuate  and  constricted  under  tlie  lularged 
mouth  when  <ii-.  ;  operculum  mamillate  ;  peristome  large,  nor- 
mal;  amndus  broad,  compound.  —  Ilartm.  Skand.  I'l.  cd.  8, 
17;  Schirjip.  Bryol.  Eur.  Suppl.  JIi/p?iiini,  4,  t.  4.  //.  Cc/isoniy 
Schimp.  1.  c.  5,  t.  5.  Ainbhjstegiwn  veDiicosiin)^  ]jii(ll).  .Muse. 
Scand.  .']:J. 

IIar.  13()c:'',  .lordansvillo,  Now  York  (Aiti^tin)',  IJrusIiliill  (Jap,  near 
Easton,  Pennsylvania  (./(/;/k'.s);  Pack  llivcr,  British  America  (Lt/ull). 

140.  H.  lycopodioides,  Schwaegr.  Di<eci()iis:  plants 
large,  in  deep  soft  tufts,  yellowish  brown  at  the  suii.'km^  dark 
brown  within  ;  stems  long  (15  to  20  cm.),  llexuous,  cwct  or 
droo])ing,  with  few  dichotomous  branches  and  (li>t;tnt  open 
branchlets,  hooked  at  the  apex  :  leaves  large,  falcate  or  ilexuous, 
sceund,  ovate  or  oblong-lanceolate,  long-acuminatv',  n.-inowly 
costate  to  near  the  apex,  soft;  areolation  of  very  naiTow  ver- 
micular undulate  cells,  the  basilar  only  shorter  and  br<);;der,  the 
alar  (in  only  two  rows)  serrate,  quadrate;  inner  i  erieluetial 
leaves  long-ovate  and  long-acuminate,  deeply  snlr;ile,  ei)state: 
ca])sule  erect  at  base,  cernuous  or  incurved,  short-necked,  linear- 
oblong;  operculum  highly  convex,  mamillate;  teeth  long  and 
thick,  with  a  broad  hyaline  border;  segments  as  long  as  the 
teeth,  cleft  between  the  articulations ;  cilia  three,  long,  distantly 
nodose  at  the  articulations;  annulus  very  broad,  of  three  rowa 
of  large  cells.  —  Sup]>l.  i.  2.  300  ;  Dryol.  Eur.  t.  013,  G14.  Am- 
blysteffitim  li/copodioides,  DeNot.  Briol.  Ital.  138. 

Had.    Bogs,  and  ditches  in  peat  meadows. 


1 

I 
t 

! 


il/lli- 


,11 


386 


BIIYACK.E. 


[Hyp 


num. 


141.  H.  Watsoni,  Lesq.  &,  Jamos.  Di<rcioiis :  phmts 
loosely  ct'sj)itose  ;  stums  erect,  pimiatcly  raiiiulost';  hranchk-ts 
close:  leaves  haniiite-scouiid,  short  and  small,  luoadly  ovatc- 
obloiig,  concave  at  base,  lanceolate,  more  or  less  l<»ii'_'-:icun)inatc. 
subulate,  very  entire,  reflexeil  toward  tlie  apex,  obscurely  bi- 
costate  at  tlic  base;  arcolation  very  narrow,  sliort-verinictular 
unifoi'm  throughout  the  leaf;  inner  pcriclnelial  leaves  I<>n«' 
hmceolate-acuminate,  subulate,  thin  and  whitish,  |tHcate  length- 
wise :  ca)>sule  long,  subcylindrical,  slightly  cernuous,  arcuate  and 
constricted  under  the  orifice  when  dry;  o])erculum  obli(juelv 
rostrate,  muticous.  —  Proc.  Anier.  Acad.  xiv.  loH.  JI.  uiiponeus, 
James,  IJot.  King  Exj).  410. 
IIaii.     On  rocks,  Boar  River  Cafion,  Uinta  Mountains,  Utah  {Wnl- 

80)l], 

Comparable  to  some  varieties  of  //.  unciiu'tiint,  and  considoied  by  Austin 
(IJull.  Torr.  Club,  vii.  C)  to  be  identic?!  with  //.  jiUcalilc,  Milt.,  IJ. 
llctijlcuri,  Juralzka,  etc. 


t 


SuiJGExus  XIX.     CItATOXEURUM. 

Plants  varying  in  size,  with  few  branches,  regidarly  pin- 
n.'itely  ramuVjse;  stem  thick,  covered  by  a  dense  felt  of  i-adieles 
and  numerous  i)araphyllia.  Leaves  cordate-lanceolate,  falcale- 
secund,  thickly  costate,  densely  areolate ;  cells  linear,  those  of 
the  decurrent  (>xcavatc  .angles  loose,  dark,  sid)o])a(iue.  Flowers 
dioecious.  Capsule  long-])edicellate,  large,  oblong  or  cyliiub-ical- 
oblong,  erect  at  the  neck,  cernuous,  arcuate  wlien  diy.  Pedicel 
smooth. 

142.  H.  filicinum,  Linn.  Leaves  rigid,  ovate-lanceolate, 
notsulcate;  costa  stout,  j)ercurrent ;  borders  serrulate  ;  cells  of 
the  basilar  decurrent  broadly  excavate  angles  abrui»lly  enlaiged, 
orange-color ;  perichtetial  leaves  erect,  the  iiiuer  scarcely  plicate, 
serrate  at  the  ajtex ;  capside  cylindrical-oblong;  oj)erculuin 
convex-conical,  apiculate ;  segments  slightly  cleft;  cilia  ii,  as 
long  as  the  teeth;  anmdus  8iin])le,  narrow.  —  Si)ec.  PI.  IPio; 
Pryol.  Em-,  t.  009.  Stereodon  JilicinKs^  Mitt.  Anibli/ster/ium 
Jilicinumy  Lindb. 

Var.  trichodes,  Brid.  Stems  prostrate:  leaves  smaller, 
more  rigid,  sid)secund  or  spreading.  —  Muse.  Recent.  Suppl.  iv. 
177.     II.  dubium,  Dicks. 


Ifl/pmtm.] 


BKYACE^. 


387 


Var.  gracilescenc,  I>rkl.  Very  sk'Tuk-r,  prostrate  or 
cree])iiig,  very  tomciitosc :  loiivos  K])rc':i(ling  or  Bubsecund,  very 
small,  bright  green.  —  IJryoI.  Univ.  ii.  5ol. 

Var.  elatum,  Sehiinj».  Plants  in  soft  yellowish  brown 
tufts;  steins  10  to  15  c.ni.  long,  slender,  with  few  radicles  and 
])arai)hyllia:  leaves  minute,  ovate-lanceolate,  sTnvading  or  sub- 
secun<l. 

\nr.  Floridanum,  I'enault.  Leaves  nearly  entire ;  costa 
nai'rower,  vanishing  in  the  middle,  often  scarcely  distinct; 
radicles  and  j)arai)hyllia  rare;  cells  of  the  basilar  angles  thick- 
walled. 

II AT..  Calcareous  springs;  not  rare  in  limestone  regions.  The  last 
variety  in  Fioriila  {Fitzi/emUl). 

Very  variable,  especially  in  tlie  size  and  thickness  of  the  plants.  It 
(lilYers  from  the  next  in  its  more  slender  liabit,  the  leaves  much  smaller, 
more  holid,  not  plicate,  and  with  a  thicker  costa,  the  areolation  shorter, 
the  annuliis  of  a  simple  row  of  cells,  etc. 

148.  H.  COmmutatum,  Iledw.  Tufts  deep,  rigid,  bright 
or  yellowish  green  at  the  siu'face,  brown  and  generally  covered 
with  a  cidcareons  deposit  within ;  stems  diehotomous-cristate 
and  i»innately  ramulose,  very  long,  erect  or  p^-ostrate :  stem- 
leaves  more  distant,  deejtly  c(>rdate,  anriculate- triangular  at 
base,  narrowly  lanceolate-aounnnate,  ]»licatc;  u|)per  auricles 
Hat,  denticulate,  the  lower  excavate,  entire,  orange-colored; 
costa  stout,  subrevcurrent  ;  branch-leaves  narrower,  more 
crowded,  all  twisted  at  the  apex  when  dry;  areolation  very 
narrow,  long-linear,  subflexuous;  inner  poricha?tial  leaves  long, 
narrowly  acuminate,  deeply  ])licate  and  strongly  restate  :  cajv 
Kulc  curved  horizontally, cylindiical-oblong;  operculum  convex- 
conical,  aciuninate  or  a])icul:ite;  teeth  largo,  orange;  annulus 
large,  compoimd.  —  Muse.  P'rond.  iv.  G8,  t.  24;  Bryol.  Eur.  t. 
GOT.     Stereodon  commutatus,  Mitt. 

Var.  falcatum,  IMuell.  Stems  stouter,  neither  tomentosj>» 
radiculose  nor  ])innately  ramulose:  leaves  larger,  more  solid, 
ovate-oblong,  less  deeply  cordate  and  less  deciu'rent  at  base; 
areolation  longer  and  narrower;  costa  more  prolonged;  pcri- 
stoTue  small  and  the  annulus  narrower.  —  Syn.  ii.  423.  II.  faU 
catutnj  Brid.  Muse.  Recent,  iii.  63,  t.  1,  fig.  6;  Schimp.  Syn. 
ed.  2,  74a. 

Had.  Wet  rocks,  Watkins  Glen,  N.  York:  Rocky  Mountains,  S.  Colo- 
rado {liothrock);  Mono  Pass  (Bolander);  the  variety  in  Colorado. 


7^ 


■I 


388 


BllYACE^. 


[Ilypnum. 


f 


if 


Subgenus  XX.     JIIIYTIDIUM. 

Plants  robust,  without  radicles,  irrogulaily  pinnatc-ramulosc. 
Leaves  transversely  ]>licate,  ruj^ose,  costate  to  the  base  of  tlio 
point;  ui>j)er  areolation  linear-vermicular,  the  lower  sinuuus, 
rectangular  in  the  niitUUe,  minutely  (juadrate  at  the  borders 
and  angles.  Flowers  dia'cious.  Calyptra  huge,  desceiulint^  to 
the  base  of  the  capsule.  Ca^)sule  solid.  0]>erculum  rostrate, 
Aimulus  very  broad. 

144.  H.  rUgOSUm,  Linn.  In  wide  dirty  yellowish  or  pale 
green  tufts ;  stems  arcuate  or  erect,  stout :  stem-leaves  densely 
crowded,  ind)ricate-secund  or  erect-spreading  on  the  bramlilcls, 
lanceolate,  narrowly  acumiiuite  from  a  broadly  oblong  ]);ise, 
corrugated  by  numerous  short  wrinkles,  concave,  rellcxed  on 
the  borders,  sharj)ly  serrate  at  the  aj)ex,  glossy ;  iimer  peri- 
chictial  leaves  deejdy  sulciite,  ecostate,  erose,  serrate  at  the 
aj)ex  :  cajisule  oblong-cyliiulrical,  much  arched,  gradually  nar- 
rowed ui)ward  and  constricted  under  the  orifice  when  dry; 
pedicel  smooth;  teeth  ferruginous;  segments  broadly  sjtlit; 
cilia  two,  as  long  as  the  segments;  anmilus  of  a  triple  row  of 
cells,  remaining  attached  to  the  operculum.  —  IMant.  i.  1.'>1  ; 
Bryol.  Eur.  t.  GIO.  //.  ru,(/nlostirn^  Web.  &  JMohr.  II<iUtatuuHm 
rxifjomm^  DeNot.  Briol.  Ital.  99. 

IlAn.  Bonlcrs  of  woods,  cither  dry  or  wot,  not  uncommon  but  gen- 
erally sterile:  found  fertile  only  at  Cllon  Eyrie,  Colorado,  ou  a  sandy 
slope,  by  7'.  C  Porter. 

145.  H.  robustum,  Hook.  Stem  creeping;  branches  very 
stout,  droo})ing,  yellowish  green :  leaves  densely  imbricate,  ap- 
pressed,  homomallous,  transversely  rugose-striate,  distinctly 
plicate  lengthwise  below,  scarious,  ovate-lanceolate,  long-acu- 
minate, subserrulate  toward  the  a])e\',  bicostate  or  rarely  simply 
costate  to  near  the  middle  ;  borders  revolute  ;  cells  very  narrow, 
the  alar  scarcely  different ;  periclurtial  leaves  whitish,  reilexed, 
loosely  reticidate  at  base:  capsule  oblong-ciylindrical,  cernuous; 
pedicel  purple;  operculum  conical,  obtuse,  maiiiillate.  —  Muse. 
Exot.  t.  108 ;  Schwaegr.  Suppl.  iii.  t.  2G1 ;  Muell.  Syn.  ii.  256. 
Stereodon  robnstn,%  Mitt.  Journ.  Linn.  Soc.  viii.  41. 

HAn.  Northwestern  coast  {Menzles);  Orejjon  {^fohr);  Fort  Colville 
{Lyall);  Rocky  Mountains  of  British  America  {Druinmond);  North- 
western Montana  { Watson). 


JJj/pnum,] 


BRYACE^. 


889 


Subgenus  XXI.     CTENIUM. 

Plants  large,  in  dense  loose  rigid  tufts ;  stems  erect  or  procum- 
bent, strict,  coin})ressed,  simple  or  diehotomous,  closely  and  reg- 
ularly iii'Miate-ramulose  ;  branches  frondifoi  in  ;  branchlets  close. 
Leaves  falcate-secund,  sulcate.  Flowers  di<ecious.  Capsule 
long-jiedicellate,  arcuate,  cylindrical-oblong.  Operculum  broadly 
conical,  ajticulate. 

14G.  H.  crista-castrensis,  Linn.  Tufts  yellowish  green  ; 
stems  simple  or  forking  by  .iniovations,  rigid,  long;  branchlets 
horizontally  divergent,  recurved  at  the  apex  :  stem-leaves  broa<i 
and  incmnbent  at  base,  gradually  long  lanceolate-acuminate, 
twisted,  falcate,  deeply  sulcate,  thin,  with  a  short  double  costa 
or  none,  shari)ly  serrate  from  the  middle  upward ;  paraphyllia 
numerous,  long,  narrowly  lanceolate ;  branch-leaves  closer, 
narrower,  falcate-secund,  less  distinctly  serrate,  ecostate;  peri- 
cluetium  long-sheathing,  whitish ;  pericluetial  leaves  deeply 
sulcate,  ecostate,  greenish  brown  when  ripe,  dirty  yellow  when 
empty:  teeth  orange  below,  i)ale,  serrate  and  subulate  above; 
cilia  three  or  foui-,  thick,  as  long  as  the  cleft  segments;  annulus 
simple,  narrow.  —  Spec.  PI.  1125;  I3ryol.  Eur.  t.  599.  /Stcre- 
odoti  crista-castt'ensis^  Mitt.  1.  c.  Pliliam  crista-castrensis^ 
PeXot.  Briol.  Ital.  101. 

II Au.  Pine  woods,  on  the  ground  and  old  prostrate  logs;  in  mountain 
regions. 

SuRGExus  XXII.     CTEXIDIUM. 

Plants  with  few  or  no  radicles;  branches  closely  pinnately 
ramulose.  Leaves  circinnate-secund.  Flowers  dia'cious.  Cap- 
sule subhorizontal,  short-pedicellate,  thick,  solid,  turgid-ovate. 
Operculum  large,  convex,  conical-apiculate. —  CtenicUum,  Mitt. 

147.  H.  molluscum,  Iledw.  In  wide  tumescent  or  fnstig- 
iate  soft  bright  or  yellowish  green  tufts ;  stems  procumbent  or 
ascending,  generally  eradiculose:  leaves  crowded,  circinnate- 
falcate  downward,  flexuous  when  dry,  abruptly  narrowly  lan- 
ceolate-acuminate from  a  broadly  obcordate  decurrent  base, 
sharply  serrate  all  around;  areolation  very  dense,  narrow, 
minutely  round-quadrate  at  the  angles;  parajjhyllia  ovate- 
lanceolate;    perichaetium    short,   5-leaved,    the    inner  oblong. 


I 


-/- 


w 


I* 


t 


'■;'''."' 

1..                 1    'i 

890 


IJRYACE^. 


\lf>/pnutn. 


al)nii»tly  narrowly  acumiuute:  vngiiiulc  short,  hniry:  capsule 
on  u  thick  jjcdiccl,  chostiuit-color ;  i)crist(»ii»o  diily  vcMow; 
cilia  two  or  three,  stout,  as  long  as  the  deft  seixuients;  niniuhis 
yery  hir-e.  — IMusc.  Frond,  iv.  5G,  t.  Ii2 ;  liryul.  Kur.  I.  JD><. 
Ctenidiiun  molluscuni^  ^litt. 

Var.  COndensatum,  Schimp.  Drooj)ini,'  tufts  densely 
intricate,  velvety;  stems  shorter,  more  roNust,  Ic.ns  regularly 
pinnate:  leaves  briKider  falcate,  the  apical  closo>  iM'ctinute, 
hooked  :  capsule  shorter-i)edicellate.  —  Syn.  G;J"2. 

Var.  erectum,  ISchimp.  I.  c.  Steins  erect,  less  divided: 
leaves  nairow. 

IIau.    «toiies  and  rocks,  shaded  hills  and  woods,  mostly  in  nioiiniain 
regions. 

Subgenus  XXIII.     IIYPNUM,  proper.     (PI.  C.) 

Stems   generally  creej)ing,  more  or   less   regulaily  pinnate- 

ramulose.     Leaves   close,    falcate-secund,    very    rarely   e([ii;dly 

spreading,   ovatedanceolate,    narrowly    acuminate;    ari'oiation 

linear,   minutely   quadrate   at    the   angles;    inner    periduetial 


leaves  sulcate;    paraphyllia  few.     Cajjsule  cylindrical-oblon 
pedicel  smooth;  operculum  large,  rostrate  or  convex-conical. 


o  > 


148.  H.  reptile,  IMich.v.  Plants  droojVmg,  in  wide  loose 
tufts,  pale  or  dirty  green  ;  stems  hranching,  suhiiinnato  or 
pinnately  ramulose ;  branchlets  erect,  incurved  :  leaves  crowded, 
lanceolate-acuminate  from  an  oblong  base,  8hari)ly  serrate  above, 
concave,  flat  or  recurved  on  the  borders;  costa  double,  short, 
dirty  yellow ;  para|)hyllia  few  and  very  small,  lanceolate  or 
palmate;  inner  perichfctial  leaves  long-acuminate,  sulcate,  bi- 
costate,  serrate  at  the  aj>ex:  capsule  suberect  or  slightly  cernn- 
-f  ous,  cylindrical,  ochraceous,  curved  above  when  dry  ;  o))erculum 

large,  yellow,  narrowly  rostrate  from  <".  highly  convex-base; 
teeth  sid)ulate-acuminate,  orange  at  base ;  segments  cleft  be- 
tween the  articulations;  cilia  shorter  than  the  segments; 
annidus  large,  compound.  —  Fl.  Bor.-Amer.  ii.  315;  Bryol.  Eur. 
t.  587.  Leskea  pallescens^  Iledw.  Spec.  ]\[usc.  219,  t.  55,  f.  1-6. 
H.  pallescens^  Beau  v.  Prodr.  67.  Stereodon  pallescens,  Lindb. 
Fl.  Crypt.  Asi{\3  Bor.-Orient.  in  Act.  Soc.  Sci.  Fenn.  x.  254. 
Var.  protuberans.  Plants  smaller :  leaves  narrower,  longer 
■i'  acuminate,  serrate  all  around :  annul  us  narrow,  simple.  —  Lindb. 


IJypnum. 


\\\\\  KC.llJP.. 


891 


1.  c,  ns  Sfercoffon.  //  profnheravs,  r>v\<\.  Hryol.  I'niv.  ii.  012. 
J/,  pn/li  srciis,  IJnu'h  it  SrliiiMi).  liryol.  Kur.  t. ;')«(»;  Aiist.  Muse. 
A|»|»nl.  p.  414. 

IIaii.  iJiuk  iiiiit  iniuks  of  trees,  ciLlicr  docayt'tl  or  living,  in  siibalplno 
regions;  very  euiuinoii  ami  variiible,  but  rare  in  the  iilaius  exoept  north- 
ward. 

140.  H.  fertile,  Scndt.  Tufts  soft,  coniprossod,  yillowish 
or  piilc  urct-n  ;  Ktcins  (Iciisi'ly  piniiiitc-raniulost',  crcciiin';:  leavos 
lonjx,  ovate  at  base,  suldilalc-acumiiiaio,  inibricatc,  scciind, 
.stil»ciiriniiat(.'ly  liookod  when  dry  ;  honliTS  rcilcxcd  toward  tho 
Itasc,  niiiiutc'ly  scrnilate  at  tlio  apex;  ct)Sta  doiildc,  yi-llovv  and 
very  olrsciire,  or  none;  periehiutintn  loiii;,  s<|narrul(>s('  below, 
the  inniT  leaves  lt»nu',  ereet,  gradually  acuminate,  narrowly 
eostate:  eapsulo  lony-pedicellato,  incurved-eernuouH,  oval  or 
ohlonir,  tiirL^id,  sul't,  darkci-  colored  underncatli,  scarcely  nar- 
rowed under  the  orilice  when  dry;  oj)ereuluin  lai\L;e,  iiighl/ con- 
vex, nianallate  ami  apiculate;  teeth  large,  ferruuinops  helow; 
segments  nearly  entire*  cilia  two  or  three,  perfect,  not  appen- 
dicidate ;  annulus  large,  I'ompuund.  —  Kegensh.  Denkschr.  iii. 
147;  IJrvol.  Eur.  t.  ADl. 

IIah.  Prostrate  Hunks,  moist  rocks,  etc.,  In  woods  on  hills  and  moun- 
tains; nut  eonniiuu. 

150.  H.  hamulosum,  l>nuh  &  Schimp.  Densely  cespitosc, 
yellow  or  pale  reddish-brown  ;  stems  slender,  fragile,  regularly 
j)innate-r;imnlose:  leaves  hamulose-secund,  ovate  at  base,  gradu- 
ally narrowly  lanceolate-acuminate,  slighily  denticulate  at  the 
apex;  costa  double,  obsolete  or  none;  areolation  narrowly 
hexagonal-vermicular,  with  a  single  row  of  slightly  enlarged 
cells  at  the  angles;  inner  ])erichaDtial  leaves  ccostate  :  capsule 
incurved-cernuous,  nearly  horizontal,  oval  or  oblong-cylindrical ; 
oi)ercnlum  highly  convex,  long-apicidate;  peristome  as  in  the 
last,  but  more  delicate;  annulus  double.  —  IJryol.  Eur.  t.  590. 
Stereodo))  Jidmiilosxis^  Lindb.  iMusc.  Scand.  38. 

IlAn.     IJoeky  Mountains  (Druwmond). 

151.  H.  depreSSUlum,  I^luell.  Differs  from  the  last  in  its 
shining  yellow  color,  the  leaves  more  distant,  imbricate-secund 
or  homomallous,  ovate-lanceolate,  narrowly-acinninate,  subscr- 
rulate  at  the  apex,  obsoletely  bicostate,  the  cells  elliptical,  less 
compact,  the  alar  enlarged-quadrate  and  pellucid,  the  capsule 
smaller,  tm'gid-oval,  cernuous,  the  lid  shorter,  conical-acute, 
not  rostrate.  —  Uegensb.  Flora,  Iviii.  91  (1875).     II.  hamulo- 


! 


\ 


11 

892 


DRYACE^.. 


[Ilyi'nuin. 


sum  (?),  Siilliv.  &   LcHq.  Muse.  Ror.  Amor.   Exsicr.  ((mI.   2). 
n.  47«. 
IIaij.     Dcriyi'd  trunks;  Wlilto  Mountains  (0(t/.f«,  Jftwps). 

152.  H.  circinale,  Ilook.  Stems  lonir,  (TccpiiiLr,  jiinn.atcly 
!)r.'uifltini,',  iK'XUoiis;  branches  niuiieroiis,  Nli«»rt  iiinl  lioii/ontal 
or  Ioniser  Mild  llexuoua:  leaves  yellowish  ^reeii,  <I;irki  r  cr'lorcd 
at  basi',  Keciind,  eireiunate,  hmceohite,  h)iit;-siiltiilate,  concave 
below,  plane  and  subserrate  at  the  jujuiI,  ecostate  ;  peiicha'tial 
/  leaves  erect,   more  disthictly  serrate:    capsule  oval,  cerniious, 

subpendcnt,  reddish  brown ;  oi)erculiim  short,  conical ;  inner 
peristome  yellow;  cilia  one  or  two,  as  lonjjf  as  the  entire  se<;- 
ments.  —  Muse.  Exot.  t.  107;  Muell.  Syn.  ii.  ol8.  iSttrcoclon 
circimilis,  Ib'id. 

Il.vn.     On  Lrc'i's,  Northwest  coast  (3/rn*/r.s);  Viincouvor  Island  (/.//r J/). 

Tlio  author  ronmrks  that  the  spocics  approaflios  the  noan-st  to  //. 
citprcHslfoi'iiK',  but  that  it  lias  Iho  leaves  much  more  incurved  and  the 
c;ipsuli«  (lr()()i)in;;. 

1').').  H.  Sequoieti,  Muell.  Much  resomblimjf  slender  forms 
of  //.  ci/jH't'ssijonttd ,'  prostrate,  the  branches  droopintr,  pale  or 
dirty  u;ri'en  :  leaves  small,  circinnate-falcate,  eidaiu^ed  at  base  on 
one  side  and  aiirided,  narrower  and  symmetrical  on  tl'c  other, 
oblonix,  gradually  narrosvcd  into  a  long  falcate  distinctly  serru- 
late ]»oinl,  deeply  concave,  obsoletely  bicostate,  yellow  at  base, 
j)ale  above;  cells  short,  narrow,  linear,  the  alar  vesiculose,  dark 
yellow;  perich:etial  leaves  broadly  ovate,  ])assinu^  into  a  lont^ 
denticulate  siibereet  ])oint :  capsule  small,  oval,  slightly  inclined, 
chestnut-color;  operculum  short,  conical;  segments  whitish, 
scarcely  cleft ;  cilia  single,  as  long  as  the  segments,  very  ?  lender, 
punctnlate.  —  Ilegensb.  Flora,  Iviii.  91  (IHTf)).  J/,  circinale, 
SuUiv.  &  Lescp  Muse.  Bor.-Amcr.  Exsicc.  (ed.  2),  n.  474. 

IIau.     ("alifornia,  on  trunks  of  Sequoia  sewpervirnis  (Uohimlcr). 

Probably  a  variety  of  the  last.  Tlie  characters  indicated  above  do  not 
appear  important  enough  to  authorize  a  separation,  the  mosses  of  tliis 
section,  especially  those  of  California,  being  extremely  variable.  The 
unequal  base  of  the  leaves,  auricled  on  one  side  only,  is  distinctly  marked 
in  fig.  4  of  Hooker's  plate  of  //.  circinale,  representing  an  enlarged  leaf, 
and  the  capsule  is  represented  as  more  incurved  than  Mueller  describes  it; 
the  areolation  is  not  described  or  figured  by  Hooker,  but  he  mentions  the 
yellow  color  of  the  processes. 

*  «  Floicers  dioecious. 

154.  H.  CallichrOlim,  Brid.  Diopcious  or  p.seudo-mona'- 
cious :  tufts  soft,  tuiuid,  bright  green ;  stems  slender,  llexuous, 


Ilypnum.  | 


DIlYACEiE. 


893 


withotit  rn<li('U'»,  pinnatoly  ramuloso :  loaves  soft,  cro\v<lc'<l, 
fulcaU'-si'ciiiul  or  Huljcirciiuiatt',  broadly  ovati'-concavc  at  Imsc, 
narrowly  laiici'olatf,  loiiL^-acmniiiali',  vt-ry  ciitirf,  lu'osiatf  or 
nearly  So ;  cells  vrry  loiii^  and  narrow,  mildlrxiioiis,  oLtiiso  at 
both  cinls,  hroadi'r  an<l  (juadranixular  at  tli«'  cxcaviitc  ani^k's, 
yellow  liki-  tilt'  basilar  oni's:  nialo  flowi-rs  on  scpMratc  plantH 
similar  to  the  fertile  ones,  occasionally  in  leafy  radiculosc  j^ein- 
mnles  in  the  axils  of  iVrtili'  plants;  iinier  periclKetial  leaves 
Ions',  hroadlv-ovati',  half  slieathin'4  at  hase,  sli'-htlv  sidcate, 
narrowed  to  a  strait^lit  liliforin  jioint,  ecostate  :  ca|tsule  ohlon;^, 
<lark  red,  slightly  inclined  or  cernuons  npon  a  tlexiious  ii-cldish 
j)edicel ;  o|iereuluni  lai'i^e,  hi.i;hly  convex,  sharply  apieidatt', 
oran^e-colori'd  ;  peristome  perfi'ct ;  cilia  three,  as  loni;  as  the 
Hcuments;  annidiis  very  laii^e. —  Ilryol.  I'niv.  ii.  l);>l  ;  liryol. 
Eur.  t.  ;V.)(;.  //.  /utnniloHnw,  Wils.  Dryol.  IJrlt.  ;J%,  t.  58. 
IStercod)))  riillir.ln'oiis,  \\y'u\.  1.  c. 
Il.xn.     Slipll)uriift,  Xova  Scotia  {Jninra). 

l^f).  H.  imponens,  TIedw.  Tufts  flat,  yellowish  jjcreen : 
leaves  imliricate,  two-ranked  on  the  lower  side,  (rircinnate-secund, 
loricate-llliform  from  a  broadly  ovate-oldonuf  base;  borders 
reHexetl  below,  minutely  and  distantly  serrulate  all  aroimd  or 
fiubentire,  orange  at  base,  minutely  auriculato  at  the  anjjfles; 
costa  obsolete,  double  or  none;  cells  very  narrow,  linear,  siil)- 
flexuous,  eidaruod  quadrate  at  the  l)asilar  anujles;  ijraneh-leaves 
much  narrower,  hooked  and  convolute  at  the  apex  of  the 
branches;  |)ara])hyllia  larpjo,  palmate  or  lanceolate;  periiduetial 
l"ave8  gradually  narrowed  to  a  lonuf  filiform  llexuous  serrulate 
point,  ecostate:  capsule  lonfr-pcdicellate,  suberect  or  slijjfhtly 
incurved,  cylindrical,  ))ale  brov>n,  darker  with  ai^e;  operculinn 
convex,  ol>liquely  long-aj>iculate  or  subrostellate,  orani^e  at  the 
apex ;  cilia  sinijjle,  ai)i)endiculate  and  pnnctulate,  as  loni;  as  the 
slightly  cleft  segments;  annulus  large,  compound,  adherent. — 
Spec.  Muse.  '290,  t.  77  ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  597.  Stereodon  itiiponetis^ 
Brid.  1.  c.  C18. 
HAn.    Woods,  on  decayed  trunks  and  shaded  roots  of  trees;  common. 

156.  H.  SUbimponens,  Lesq.  Similar  to  the  last  in  aspect, 
mode  of  growth,  color,  etc.,  but  differing  in  its  few  diehotomous 
branches,  the  leaves  narrower,  glossy,  lanceolate,  shorter-acu- 
minate from  a  slightly  enlarged  base,  entire  or  very  slightly  ser- 
rulate at  the  apex,  ecostate,  the  cells  narrower,  those  of  the 


fi 


Y- 


//' 


394 


HRYACEiE. 


[Tlypnum. 


f 


\ 


angles  very  few  and  small  or  none,  the  angles  not  excavate  nor 
aurieiilate,  the  pericluetial  leaves  larger,  oblong,  ahrujitly  nar- 
rowed into  a  shorter  filiform  flexnoiis  slightly  serrulate  ])oint, 
neitlxM-  eostatc  nor  sulcate,  the  opereulum  obtuse  .'it  the  highly 
conical  apex,  the  cilia  two,  not  a])pendiculate,  and  the  annuhis 
largi',  simple,  revoluble.  —  Trans.  Amer.  Phil.  Soc.  xiii.  14; 
Sidliv.  &  T.esq.  Muse.  J>or.-Amer.  Exsicc.  (ed.  2),  n.  47') ;  Sulliv. 
'  :on.  i\[usc.  Siii)pl.  lO;},  t.  71).  i^tereodon  pluniifcr,  Mitten, 
Journ.  Linn.  tSoc.  viii.  41,  t.  7. 

II AH.  Shade. 1  rocks  in  woods;  Norlhwost  roast  (3fr)i,r(V.s,  Dofff/Zas); 
Vancouver  Island  and  IJritish  Columbia  (/.//rfZZ);  Hillerroo*  ^Jouiitains, 
Nortlicrn  Idaho  (  Il'a/sy»);  California,  at  Oakland,  the  Dig  Tree  (irovo,  etc. 
[llohunlvr). 

The  only  difference  mentioned  by  Mitten  boLween  77.  plnnn/ir  and  this 
species  is  in  tiie  lid,  whieh  he  describes  as  short  and  suhuhite-i'ostiate. 
Comparison  of  authentic  specimens  shows  it  to  be  of  the  same  form  in 
both,  more  or  less  obtusely  pointed. 

ir)7.  H.  plicatile.  Fastigiately  branching:  leaves  fnlcate- 
seeund,  broadly  ovate-aciuninate,  liooked,  rugulose,  subiflicato 
when  dry,  with  borders  reflexed  and  very  entire,  timse  of  tlic 
branches  serrulate  at  the  apex;  eosta  short;  cells  of  the  basal 
angles  nnmerons,  short,  small,  somewhat  obscure,  the  ui)per 
short  and  narrow;  ])ericha3tial  leaves  erect,  the  inner  broadly 
oblong-lanceolate,  subulate,  entire,  acuminate,  jilicate:  capsule 
long-pedicellate,  cylindrical, erect  at  base,  curved  in  t!ie  middle; 
operculum  conical;  segments  yellow,  cleft  between  the  articu- 
lations ;  cilia  two,  as  long  as  the  segments,  nodulose.  —  >S(creocion 
pUaidHs^  ^Mitten,  1.  c.  40. 

IlAit.  Davis  Straits  (Tni/lor);  Rocky  Mountains  of  Biilish  America 
{linitr(/ca>i);  fSohonberger's  Cafion,  Kocky  Mountains,  .S.  ^V.  Montana 
{Watson). 

Differing  from  all  the  states  of  //.  ciipref^fiiforinc  in  the  strongly  roflcxed 
margins  of  the  leaves,  and  in  the  short,  cells. 

158.  H.  CUpreSSiforme,  Linn.  Widely  cesjiitose;  tuft 
appressed,  fastigiate  or  inflated  in  the  middle,  soft,  ])ale  green 
or  y(>llowish  brown,  more  or  less  glossy;  stems  braiu'liing  irreg- 
ularly or  ])innately  ramtdose  :  leaves  densely  crowded,  imbricate 
upward  in  two  r;inks,  falcate  in  both  <lirections,  narrowly 
lanceolate-acundnate  from  an  ovate  or  oblong  base,  concave, 
erect  or  slightly  recurved  on  the  borders,  auriculate-concave  at 
the  decurrent  angles,  entire  or  slightly  serrulate  at  the  apex; 
costa  double,  short,  obsolete ;    cells  very  narrow,  vermicular, 


I! 


Uj/pnum.] 


BRYACE^. 


395 


those  of  tlic  ani;los  IrivtXP,  quadrate,  hyaline  or  yolh)W ;  outer 
jK'rifhjutial  leaves  si)rea(liiig  from  the  middle,  the  inner  sub- 
claspiuLC,  abruptly  nai.'owly  aeuminate,  serrulate,  obscurely 
shori-biL-ostate :  eaj).sule  erect  or  incurved,  oblong"  or  subcyl- 
indrical,  chestnut-color,  slightly  constricted  below  tlu'  orillce 
when  dry;  oiierculum  convex  at  base,  with  a  short  narrow 
beak;  teeth  ferruginous  and  conlluent  at  base,  pale  dirty  color 
above;  segments  cleft;  cilia  one  or  two,  more  or  less  perfect; 
annulus  triple,  persistent.  —  Spee.  PI.  1 1'ii) ;  Iletlw,  3iu.sc. 
Frond,  iv.  .")',),  t.  2."J ;  IJryol.  Eur.  t.  594,  505.  tStcreodon  cu- 
preftsijor/itis^  1  >  rid . 

Var.  tCCtorum,  Brid.  More  robust ;  tufts  intricate,  round, 
flattened  on  the  boi'ders,  tumescent  in  the  middle,  fuscous  green  ; 
branchU'ts  close:  leaves  longer-acuminate:  capsule  incurved, 
oblong.  —  IJryol.  Univ.  ii.  012. 

Var.  brevisetum,  JJruch  &  Schimp.  Densely  cespitose, 
velvety  green;  branches  and  branchlets  erect,  fastigiate,  sub- 
terete  :  li'aves  densely  imbricate,  slightly  subsecund  or  erect, 
shorter,  more  concave,  narrowly  acuminate:  caj)sule  short- 
pedicellate,  sid)arcuate,  oblong;    operculum  acute. 

Var.  uncinatulum,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Short,  shMider  and 
small;  brriuchlets  uncinate  at  the  apex:  leaves  shorter  and 
narrower:  cajjsule  short-pedicellate,  very  small;  ojierculum 
long-beaked. 

Var.  flliforme,  Brid.  Tufts  compressed  or  pendent ;  stems 
very  long,  filiform,  with  few  branches,  often  interruptedly  foliate : 
leaves  densely  crowded  or  loose,  secund  and  suberect  or  spread- 
ing C(pially :  capsule  small,  the  fruit  rare. 

Var.  mamillatum,  Brid.  Tufts  depressed,  bright  green, 
glossy :  leaves  obrKpiely  imbricate,  two-ranked,  falcate-secund, 
tumid  at  base:  operculum  mammiform. 

Var.  ericetorum,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Stems  long  and  slender, 
in  soft  pale  green  tufts,  pinnately  ramulose:  leaves  narrower, 
less  crowded,  circinna'te-falcate :  ca])sule  on  a  longer  slender 
pedicel,  shorter,  incurved;  operculum  short,  subulate, 

Var.  elatum,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Kobust,  in  wiile  loose 
tufts,  variegated  brown ;  stems  erect,  with  few  branchlets, 
thickly  foliate :  leaves  larger  and  broader,  very  concave, 
abruptly  acuminate,  yellowish  green  :  capsule  erect,  cylindrical, 
incurved  under  the  orifice. 


In 


; 

i^,/ 


896 


BRYACE^. 


I  tlypnum. 


I'^i 


ft*'' 


t 


Van  longirOStre,  Brucli  &,  Schimp.  Loosely  intricate- 
ccs))itos(',  drooping;  stems  slender,  much  branelied  and  ramu- 
lose :  leaves  subsecund :  capsule  slender,  erect;  oi)erculuin 
subulate-rostrate. 

ll.vij.  Trunks,  roots  of  trees,  stones,  etc.;  very  common  in  mountain 
regions,  and  very  variable.  Besi.les  the  more  important  varieties  tifseribed 
anil  (iguieil  by  IJrueh  &  Schimper,  as  above,  there  are  numerous  more  or 
loss  maiked  intermediate  forms  wliieh  render  the  delerniinalion  of  tlie 
species  dillicult  and  often  uncertain, 

150.  H.  CUrvifolium,  Iledw.  I*lants  large,  intricate,  ces- 
pitose,  yellowish  green,  glossy ;  stems  prostrate,  \vith  few 
branches,  pinnately  ranuilose ;  branchlets  short,  nne(pial,  coni- 
j)ressed :  leaves  crowded,  imbricate  in  two  rows,  falcate-secund 
sidewlse,  atiri(;led-cordato  at  base,  gradually  long-acinninate, 
concave,  slightly  serrulate  above,  ecostate  or  shortly  and  obso- 
letely  bicostate;  cells  very  narrow,  linear,  llexuous,  pale,  at  the 
base  and  angles  shorter,  broader  and  golden  yellow  ;  ])ericluL'tial 
leaves  whitish,  numerous,  erect,  close,  loosely  areolate,  the  inner 
sheathing:  capsule  long-pedicellato,  large,  oblong,  turgid,  in- 
curved-cernuous,  thin,  arcuate  and  distinctly  costato  when  dry; 
operculum  conical,  a])icidate;  teeth  yellow,  broadly  lamellate 
inside  ;  segments  slightly  cleft ;  cilia  two  or  three,  nearly  as  long 
as  the  segments;  annidus  triple,  rcvoluble.  —  Spec.  JMusc.  285, 
t.  75;  Sulliv.  Mosses  of  U.  States,  74,  and  Icon.  Muse.  183, 
t.  114.     Stcreodon  curvi/oluis,  Brid.  1.  c.  G13. 

Hah.  Growing  in  large  mats  on  decayed  logs  in  shady  woods;  very 
common. 

Sterile  speoimons  of  a  peculiar  aspect,  generally  considered  as  a  variety 
of  this  species,  appear  to  be  an  intermediate  form  between  it  and  //. 
arcitdtiiiii.  Lindb.,  differing  from  //.  cnrvifolium  in  the  baceof  the  leaves 
excavate,  auricjed  or  decunent,  with  very  long  alar  cells,  anil  the  borders 
less  generally  denticulate.  Renault,  who  has  made  a  special  study  of  this 
group,  considers  this  form  as  rather  a  species  than  a  variety.  It  abounds 
around  Baltimore  (communicated  by  J,  Donnell  Smith,  FUzjerahl,  etc.), 
but  as  yet  only  found  sterile. 

160.  H.  COmplexum.  "Widely  cespitose,  pinnately  ramu- 
lose:  leaves  secnnd,  larger  at  the  base,  ovate-lanceolate,  hooked, 
concave,  shortly  bicostate;  borders  very  entire;  basal  cells 
numerous,  short,  subquadrate,  obscure,  the  upper  long,  narrow, 
slightly  ])rominent  at  the  upper  end ;  pericha?tial  loaves  long, 
erect,  oblong,  subulate,  the  inner  lanceolate,  abruptly  subulate, 
Bubserrate,  plicate :  capsule  cylindrical,  unequal,  inclined ;  teeth 


/ 


Ki>--     i 


llui 
ye 


I 

Am 


um. 


ir^/pmini.] 


BllYACE^. 


397 


ate- 
nu- 
uin 

tain 
ibcd 
e  or 
the 


*:■■■ 


yellow,  subulate  from  tlio  micldle  ;  segments  narrow  ;  cilia  two. 

—  IStcreodon  co)ifplexiis,  Mitten,  Journ.  Liiin.  8oc.  viii.  41. 
IIau.     Oh  rocks  between  Fort  Vv'illiiun  and  Cumbci'land  House,  Uritish 

America  {liichardson). 

IGl.  H.  pra tense,  Koch,  Ms.  Dia?ciou3  and  psoudo-mon- 
a'cious:  tufts  i)ale  green  and  .oft;  stems  without  radicles, 
prostrate  or  suberect,  irregularly  and  sparsely  subplnnate,  ramu- 
lose  above  :  leaves  crowded,  }>lane  and  subsecund  \\\Hm  tho 
stem  and  branches,  falcate-secund  on  the  branchlets,  broadly 
oblong-lanceolate,  subconcave,  very  entire,  obsoleli'ly  sliort- 
bicostate;  cells  very  narrowly  rhoniboidal-vermicular,  large, 
inflated,  hyaline  at  the  concave  angles;  inner  pcricluetial  leaves 
long-lauceolate,  short-acuminate,  plicate:  capsule  oblong  or 
turgid-ovate,  incurved,  cernuous,  arcuate  when  dry  ;  pedicel 
long,  twisted  to  the  left  above  when  dry,  to  the  right  below; 
operculum  convex-conical;  annulus  triple:  inflorescence,  ])eri- 
stome  and  annulus  as  in  If.  calllclironm.  —  Bruch  it  Schiinp. 
Hryol.  Eur.  t.  Oil.  //.  ciirvi/oliinn,  Muell.  Syn.  ii.  29:2,  in  j)art. 
II.  amwunm,  Drumm.  Muse.  Amer.  n.  190,  in  part. 

IlAn.  I3o'^':;y  ]>lacos  on  the  ground;  Carlton  House  {Dnnnmond); 
Pennsylvania  (Jainfn);    New  Jersey  {Lanniiig,  Austin). 

1C2.  H.  Bambergeri,  Schimp.    Pulvinate-ccspitosc  ;  plants 

yellowish   green,   tinged   with   brown;    sterns  erect;    branches 

fastigiato,  simple  or  with  sliort  branchlets:  leaves  close,  glossy, 

secund  and  laterally  compressed  on  both  sides  of  the  stem,  erect 

at  base,   circinnate  or  std)flexuous  at  the  apex,  ovate-oblong. 

gradually  lanceolate-subulate,  very  concave;  borders  erect,  very 

entire;  costa  yellowish,  simi)le  or  bifid,  with  unequal  divisions; 

cells  vei'niicular,  somewhat  lon'j,  those  of  the  minutelv  am-icled 

angles  few,  small,  quadrate,  and  orange-color:  fruit  unknown. 

—  Syn.  01)^.     Stereodon.  ct'rctdoris,  Mitten,  Journ.  Linn.  Soc. 
viii.  -i'l.     A'.  T](iniherf/er}\  Lindl). 

IIau.     IJoochey  Island  and  Wellini^ton  Channel  (Lynll). 

*  *  *   Leaves    sjn'eading    or    parth/    homomallous :    Jloicers 

monwcious. 

1G3.  H.  Haldanianum,  (trev.  Tufts  loose,  irregidarj 
yellowish  or  fuscous  green;  stems  long,  creeping,  ii-regularly 
pinnate-ramtdose;  branchlets  distant,  unequal,  subcompressed: 
Ktem-leav(>s  homomallous,  those  of  the  divisions  erect,  sjn-eading, 
ovate  and  broadly  oblong-ianceolate,  very  entire;  cells  of  the 


V" 


I  1' 


398 


BRYACE^. 


[TTypnum. 


r 


concave  angles  large,  quadrate ;  paraphyllia  large ;  pcricha^tial 
leaves  spreading  and  erect  from  the  middle,  the  inner  lun". 
filiform-apicuhite,  concave,  not  jilicate:  capsule  erect  or  curved 
above,  cylindrical,  rostellate ;  teeth  connate  at  base;  segments 
slightly  cleft ;  cilia  generally  solitary,  shorter  than  the  segments, 
sometimes  none;  annulus  narrow.  —  Ann.  N.  Y.  Lye.  Xat.  Hist, 
i.  27;"),  t.  2:J  ;  liryol.  Eur.  t.  592.  //,  curcirostnun,  Brid.  Bryol. 
Univ.  ii.  482.     IStereodon  llahlanei^  Lindb. 

IlAii.  Decayed  trunks  and  daiiip  clayey  ground  in  woods,  in  mountain 
regions. 

104.  H.  nemorOSUm,  Koch.  Slightly  more  robust  than 
the  l;ist ;  t>.fts  drooping,  dirty  green  ;  stems  long,  much  divided, 
Kubpinnately  ranudose,  continued  by  long  radiculose  innova- 
tions: stem-leaves  open,  erect,  those  of  the  branchlets  secund, 
ovate-oblong,  abruptly  acuminatfv  the  upper  laiu'colate,  ail 
concave,  reflexed  on  the  borders  below,  generally  eeostate, 
sharply  serrate  at  the  apex  ;  paraphyllia  multiform  ;  pericha;tial 
leaves  erect-spreading,  the  inner  oblong,  narrowed  into  a  some- 
what long  coarsely  serrate  point,  revolute  on  the  borders,  with 
one  or  two  strite:  capsule  erect  at  base,  incurved,  oblong- 
cylindrical,  ferruginous;  pedicel  slender,  twisted  to  the  right 
above;  lid  turgid  at  base,  long-conical;  teeth  orange  at  base, 
pale  alK)ve ;  segments  scmiewhat  cleft ;  cilia  two,  nearly  as  long; 
annulus  narrow,  persistent  or  attached  to  the  lid.  —  IJrid.  1.  c. 
422;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  593.  //.  subrectifoliw)}^  SuUiv.  Muse. 
AUegli.  n.  15. 

IIab.  Decayed  wood;  higli  mountains  of  North  Carolina  (Sullivant, 
Gray,  La^qxieveux). 

SuHGENus  XXII.     LIMNOBIUM. 

Plants  prostrate,  with  few  radicles,  irregularly  branching  and 
ramtdose.  Leaves  generally  secund,  soft,  broadly  ovate  or  ovate- 
lanceolate,  very  concave,  generally  narrowly  and  unequally 
bicostate;  pcrichajtial  leaves  sulcatc.  Capsule  incurved,  cernu- 
ous,  turgid-ovate  or  oblong.  Operculum  convex-conical  or 
mamillate.     Annulus  large.  —  J^imnohhun^  Bruch  «fc  Schimp. 

•t-  J'lotcers  monoecious. 

105.  H.  palustre,  Iluds.  Tufts  large,  dejiressed,  blackish 
or  yellowish  green  ;  stems  more  or  less  long  and  divided,  naked 


T^ 


Hi/pnum,] 


BRYACE^. 


899 


iai 


when  old  ;  branclilots  ascending  or  drooping :  leaves  close,  open 
or  secuiid,  ovate  or  oblong-lauceolate,  concave,  narrowed  and 
decurreiit  :>t  base,  very  entire;  costa  simple,  reaching  above  the 
middle,  or  double  and  short;  alar  cells  few  and  large,  <piad- 
rangular;  iinier  pericliietial  leaves  long-lanceolate,  plicate:  caj)- 
sule  brown-orai'ge,  arcuate  and  constricted  under  tiie  orilice 
V/hen  di'v  ;  lid  orange-color;  teeth  yellow;  segments  scarcely 
cleft;  ciiia  two  or  three,  u  little  shorter;  annulus  none.  —  Fl. 
Angl.  4'2[).  If.  luridiun,  Iledw.  Muse.  Frond,  iv,  t»l),  t.  ;j>s. 
Limiiohiuin  2)cdustre,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  liryol.  Eur.  t.  574,  57.3. 
AnJjb/iite</li(  i  2)(ifiii>tre,  Lindb. 

Var.  hamulosum.  tSlender,  ascending,  mud-color;  branch- 
lets  few  :  leaves  shorter,  hooked,  seciuid  :  capsule  smaller.  — 
Bruch  &  Scliim]).  1.  c,  as  Ziimnobinm. 

IIai?.  Oil  stones  and  rocks,  iit  shallow  crooks;  Vermont  (FroHt)\  New 
Jersey  (Anslin).  'J'lie  variety  in  the  White  Moiuituius  [James)',  Utah 
(n'«/.so)i);  Kocky  Mountains  (Drunimond). 

Numerous,  mostly  alpine,  forms  of  this  very  variable  species  are  described. 

lOG.  H.  molle,  Dicks.  Tufts  loose,  very  soft,  dirty  green  ; 
stems  5-10  cm.  long,  slender,  flexuous,  without  I'adicles,  with 
few  simple  branches:  leaves  spreading,  whether  dry  or  moist, 
broadly  oval,  narrowed  and  decurrent  at  the  point  of  attach- 
ment, apicidate,  distinctly  serrate  at  the  aj)e\'  ;  costa  bifurcate 
or  divided,  one  of  the  divisions  longer;  areolation  linear,  fusi- 
form, shorter  at  the  ajiex,  quadrate  and  orange  at  the  subain'icu- 
late  angles;  inner  pericluetial  leaves  long,  taj)er-])ointed,  serrulate 
at  the  apex,  costate:  ca]>sule  short-pedicellcd,  ci'rniious,  incin'ved, 
tnrgid-ov.'d ;  opercuhnn  convex,  obtuse,  sli()rt-i>a]»illat(!;  seg- 
ments entire;  cilia  one  or  two,  a  little  shorter,  thick;  aunulus 
broad.  —  Crypt.  Fasc.  ii.  11,  t.  5.  JJ/inio/jiitni  v)<)U<\  Bruch  & 
Schimp.  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  57G,  577.  JI.  CloHtrl,  Austin,  ^lusc. 
Appal,  n.  439. 

IIai5.  ^Mountain  rivulets;  North  Carolina,  New  Jersey,  Now  York, 
Canada,  etc. 


1(»7.  H.  alpestre,  Swartz.  Plants  more  or  less  densely 
ccspitose,  mud-color,  only  the  young  shoots  greenish  ;  stems 
prostrate,  eradicidose;  branches  close,  erect,  tliickisli,  fastigiate, 
with  few  branchlets;  leaves  ovate  or  broadly  oblong,  obtusely 
acuminate,  often  obli(pie,  half-twisted  above,  obscurely  si'irulate, 
slightly  decurrent  and  excavate  at  the  angles;  costa  long,  bifus- 
cate  from  the  base,  with  one  of  the  divisions  longer  and  passing 


-7^ 


iiil:" 


«.. 


400 


BRYACE^. 


[Ilupnum. 


•f 


tlic  mkldlc,  or  simple  and  ascending  to  near  the  apex,  yellow 
basilar  ceils  narj'ower  than  in  J/,  inolle,  yellowisii,  iliwsc  <»i;  tlio 
basal  angles  broadly  rectangular  or  hexagonal,  orange;  pericha)- 
tiuni  erect,  slieathing,  with  few  solid  sulcate  entire  leaves:  cap- 
sule incurved,  cernuoiis,  turgid,  oblong,  subarcu;ite,  and  con- 
stricted under  the  orifice  when  dry  and  empty  ;  operculum 
highly  convex,  obtusely  pa])illate,  orange;  teeth  short;  sc*"-- 
menls  subulate;  annulus  large,  ]>ersistent.  —  JMusc.  Frond. 
Suec.  (»:),  excl.  t.;  Iledw.  Sp.  Muse.  ti-t7,  t.  Gi.  7/.  mollc,  Hrid. 
Bryol.  Univ.  il.  TiTO,  excl.  syn.  Lhmiohhua  alpc&ti-c^  Jjruch  & 
Schinip.  IJryol.  Eur.  t.  577. 
Ham.     North  Aiiioiica,  according  to  Austin. 

108.  H.  arcticum,  Sommerf.  Tufts  loose,  rigid,  dark  olive 
green  ;  steins  slender,  horny,  with  few  simple  branches,  naked 
and  rootless  at  base:  leaves  small,  ojjcn,  solid,  round-ovate, 
obtusely  i)ointed,  very  entire,  slightly  inflated  on  the  borders, 
j)lano-concave,  subcochleariform ;  costa  distinct,  ascendiu"-  to 
below  the  apex,  simple  or  bifurcate;  areolation  verv  narrow, 
not  dilated  at  the  angles;  inner  pericluctial  leaves  hui^-lanceo- 
late,  costate,  scarcely  sulcate :  capsule  small,  suberect  or  cernu- 
ous,  oval,  narrowed  to  a  distinct  collum,  arcuate  when  dry; 
operculum  mammiform;  segments  entire;  cilia  two,  short; 
annidus  double.  — Wahl.  Fl.  Lapp.  Suppl.  65,  t.  2.  Lhniiohium 
arcticum^  I'ruch  &  Schimp.  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  578.  iitcreodon 
arcficiis,  written,  Journ.  Linn.  Soc.  viii.  42. 

IlAn.  On  roolcs  along  rivulots  near  C'loster,  Xew  Jersey  (Austin)', 
Rocky  Mountain'')  {Driimnioiul,  Ltjall). 

160.  H.  obtusifolium,  Drumm.  Loosely  cespitoso;  the 
branches  more  numerous,  short  and  simple,  thick,  turgid  and 
subclavate,  or  longer  and  slightly  ramulose :  leaves  loosely  itn- 
bricate  all  around  when  dry,  half-open  when  moist,  broadly  oval, 
obtuse,  very  concave,  slightly  scrndate;  costa  simple,  ascending 
to  near  the  ajiex  ;  areolation  very  narrow,  not  cidarged  at  the 
angles  :  pedicel  rough,  flexnous,  arcuate  below  the  l;;igo  oval- 
oblong  ])einlent  or  horizontal  capsule,  which  is  not  constricted 
under  the  orifice  when  dry;  operculum  not  seen  ;  ])eristome  as 
in  II.  moUe. —  ^fiisc.  Amer.  n.  103,  //.  arcticum^  var.,  Muell. 
8yn.  ii.  4o2.     Stcreodon  ohtimfoliif.,%  IMitt.  1.  c. 

Hai?.  Rivulots  in  tlio  Roclcy  Mountains  {DrrtwinniuJ);  Drilisli  Colum- 
bia {Lj/rfll);  Moinit,  Dana,  California,  storilc  {Unl(uvlrr)\  Oregon,  in  fruit 
{E.  Uall),  from  wliose  specimens  the  diagnosis  has  been  completed. 


Ill/pnum.] 


BUYACEJE. 


40^ 


170.  H.  montanum,  Wils.  iMs.  Plants  smnll,  in  wide 
soft  tuniitl  lufts,  rt'dtlish-hrown  williin,  yellowish  urrcii  aUove; 
stem  sleiuler,  j»rostratc,  mostly  naked,  with  sini))le  or  iV,sti<;iately 
ranuiloae  erect  branches :  leaves  variously  onrv(>d,  oftener  sul)- 
faleate-secund,  concave  or  complicate,  broadly  ovate,  lam-eolate- 
acnminate  above,  deciirrent  at  base,  slightly  serrulate  all  around  ; 
borders  erect  or  retlexed ;  costa  short  and  double  or  nom>;  areo- 
lation  narrow,  fusiform,  lar<:jer  and  oblong  at  the  angles;  inner 
pericluetial  leaves  erect,  narrowly  short-acuminate,  sulcate-striate, 
serrulate  at  the  apex  only:  cajjsule  oblong,  eieet,  cernuous; 
pedicel  slender,  subarcuate  above;  operculum  convex-conical, 
mamillate;  teeth  pale  yellow,  lamellate  inside;  cilia  two,  as 
long  as  the  entire  segments,  nodose;  annulus  very  broad. — 
James,  I'roc.  Philad.  Acad.  IHiw,  447;  Sulliv.  ^Mosses  of  U. 
States,  7'J,  and  Icon.  Muse.  181,  t.  113;  SuUiv.  &  Lesq.  Muse. 
I5or.-Amer.  Exsicc.  n.  3()(). 

llAiJ.     Moist  rocky  banks  of  rivulots;  White  Mountains  {Oakcs,  James), 

171.  H.  eugyrium,  Schimp,  Tufts  a])pressed,  bright  yel- 
lowish green,  soft;  stems  short,  branching  and  ratnulose  :  leaves 
close,  multiform,  those  of  the  stems  oblong-lanceolate  and  short- 
acuminate,  distichous,  those  of  the  branches  and  branchlets 
tlexuous-falcate,  the  upj)er  and  lower  plano-conca\(',  the  lateral 
subcomplicate,  falcate-ilexuous,  long-lanceolate,  diversely  curved, 
all  serrulate  at  the  apex  only,  marked  at  base  by  a  short  yellow 
line  instead  of  a  costa;  cells  very  narrow,  vermiculai-,  those  of 
the  decurrent  concave  angles  abru]Hly  enlarged,  rectangular, 
with  thick  dark  oi-ange  walls;  pericluctium  long,  wiiilish,  its 
outer  leaves  s])reading  an<l  tlexuous  from  the  middle,  th.'  inner 
erect,  strict,  long-lanceolate,  erose-denticulatc  at  the  ajicx,  sul- 
cate:  capsu;e  cernuous,  ovate-oblong,  turgid,  yellowisii  brown; 
operculum  highly  convex-mammiform;  teeth  solid,  yellow,  linear, 
dee})ly  articulate  above;  segments  cleft  between  the  artictda- 
tions;  cilia  two  or  three,  as  long  as  the  segments,  nodose  and 
granulose ;  annulus  very  broad,  trii)le.  —  Syn.  Gol).  Li)n)iobium 
<??^/7ym«n,  Schimp. ;  Bryol.Eur.t.579.  Aniblystejium  tu^ji/rium^ 
Lindb. 

Hab.     On  rocks  in  mountain  brooks,  New  Fork  and  New  England. 
*  *  I'loiDcrs  dioecious. 

172.  H.  OChraceum,  Turner,  Ms.  Widely  cos])itose;  tufts 
soft,  yellowish  or  ferruginous  green,  ochraceous  within ;  stems 


^ 


., 


1ii|i 


IB 


*   k 


402 


BRYACE^. 


[TlT/pnum. 


prostrate  or  ascending,  rootless,  slightly  ramuloso ;  Lranclies 
fastigiato,  incurved  at  the  apex:  leaves  dose,  imiltifonn,  and 
diversely  curved,  falcate  or  sccund,  broadly  ovate  or  ovate- 
ohlong,  lanceolate,  more  or  less  acuminate,  acute  or  blunt, 
Bulcate,  concave ;  costa  simple  or  forking,  ascending  to  the 
middle;  borders  entire  or  obscurely  denticulate  at  the  apex; 
areolation  narrow,  flexuous  or  vermicular,  mueh  enlarged  rect- 
angular and  hyaline  at  the  atigles;  perigynium  long  and  pcri- 
cha'tium  squarrose,  the  j)erichjctial  leaves  ecostate  and  not 
sulcate,  lanceolate-acuminate,  obtusely  serrate  at  the  ajiex : 
capsule  ccrnuous  from  a  short  inflated  erect  collum,  oval  or 
oblong;  o]>erculum  convex,  mamillate  ;  teeth  short,  light  orange 
with  a  broad  hyaline  border;  articulations  distant;  segments 
cleft  between  the  articulations;  cilia  very  slender,  two  or  three, 
unequal,  shorter  than  the  segments;  annulus  large,  triple. — 
Wils.  Bryol.  lii-it.  400.  liininubiurn  ochraceion,  JJruch  <fc 
Scliimj).  Jiryol.  Eur.  t.  580-  Stereodon  oc/iracetis,  Mitt.  1.  c. 
Anthli/fitei/itmi  oc/axiceum,  Lindb. 

IIau.  Mountain  rivulets;  Pooono,  Allec;hany,  Catskill  and  'VVhIte 
Mountains;  British  Columbia  (Lijall);  Davis  Strait  {Tdijlor). 

Subgenus  XXV.     CALLIERGON. 

Plants  large,  erect  or  procumbent,  generally  long  and  widely 
cespitose,  Avith  few  simple  branches  or  subj)innately  ramulose, 
and  with  few  radicles.  Leaves  large,  cordate,  ovate  or  ovate- 
oblong,  obtuse,  deeply  concave,  spreading  or  imbricate,  rarely 
secund ;  areolation  linear,  narrow.  Capsule  oblong,  incurved. 
Opercidum  convex-conical. 

*  jSteins  more  or  less  /?i;???(r?e/y  rnmnlose:  leaves  spreading  or 

loosely  i)nhr!c((te. 

173.  H.  COrdifolium,  Iledw.  Mona'cious:  tufts  loose,  soft, 
green,  erect  or  droo[)ing;  stems  flextious,  very  long :  stem-leaves 
cordate-ovate  or  l)roadly  ovate,  oblong,  obtuse,  long-decurrent, 
soft,  very  entire,  simply  costate  to  near  the  apex  ;  ee'.ls  of  the 
borders  aiid  of  the  a])ex  very  narrow,  looser  and  rhomboidal  in 
the  middle,  those  of  the  angles  and  base  large,  hexagonal- 
rectangular  with  the  primordial  utricle  distinct;  perielia3tiura 
long,  the  leaves  imliricate,  acuminate,  costate,  the  innc-r  sub- 
clapping  :  capsule  long-pedicellate,  oblong-cylindrical,  horizontal, 


itl 


TTi/pnum.] 


IIRYACE.E. 


408 


subinciirvcrl,  nrciiato  wlicn  dry,  soft,  Lrown ;  teeth  pale  yellow, 
thin;  sognients  entire;  cilia  two  or  three,  slender,  fragile; 
annulus  none.  —  Muse.  Frond,  iv.  97,  t.  37;  I>ryt)l.  Eur.  t.  015. 
Amhlysterjiinn  conli/ollK))!,  DeNot.  Briol.  Ital.  130. 

Hah.  Prairie  swamps,  bogs,  meadows,  streams,  and  borders  of  lakes; 
rare  in  fiuit. 

174.  H.  giganteum,  Sehlmp.  Dlceeious:  much  like  the 
last,  from  which  it  differs  in  its  much  larger  size,  the  stem  thick 
and  densely  i)innately  ramulose,  the  leaves  larirer  and  more 
solid,  the  areolation  more  dense  and  vermicular,  broader  and 
quadrate  at  the  angles,  and  the  inflorescence  dla-cious.  —  Syn. 
C42.  //.  cordifoliw7t,  var.  sfenodi/ction,  Bruch  &  Schiinj).  1.  c. 
Anihh/ste'jiuni  fjifjanteuvi,  DeXot.  1.  c.  135.  iStereodon  yujan- 
tettti,  Mitt.  1.  c. 

IIau.  Reported  from  Pennsylvania  (James);  Wisconsin  {Lapham); 
cedar  swamps.  New  York  (Aufitin);  Canada  (Macoitn);  Fort  Colville 
{Lyall). 

All  the  «porimons  examined  are  sterile,  rather  referable  as  a  variety  to 
IT.  hamifollnm  or  //.  adniicnn.  Mitten  remarks  that  this  is  the  moss 
distributed  l)y  Drummond  (n.  209)  as  //.  cordifollinu,  and  that  all  Ameri- 
caii  specimens  are  more  slender  than  the  Eiu'opean. 

175.  H.  sarmentOSUm,  Wahl.  Dicecious:  tufts  dense, 
variegated  or  dark  jmrple,  mixed  with  young  green  stolons; 
stems  without  radicles,  long,  more  or  less  densely  ramulose ; 
branchlets  unequal,  acute  :  leaves  open,  loosely  imbricate  when 
dry.  purple  and  straw-color,  glossy,  green  only  Avhen  young, 
elliptical,  long-ovate,  obttjse  and  cucullate  at  the  apex,  apiculate 
or  not,  concave;  costa  simple,  vanishing  below  the  apex;  areo- 
lation very  narrow  and  solid,  abruptly  enlarged,  inflated  and 
hyaline  at  the  concave  subdecurrent  angles;  j)erichaetial  leaves 
pale,  narrowly  costate,  the  inner  subsheathing,  obsoletely  sulcate, 
nerved  :  cajisule  cernuous  or  horizontally  incurved,  ovate-oblong, 
turgid,  arcuate  when  dry;  teeth  bright  yellow;  cilia  two  or 
three,  stout,  as  long  as  the  entire  segments;  annulus  none. — 
Fl.  Lap]).  380 ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  010.  Ambhjstegium  sartnentoswn^ 
DeNot.  I.  c. 

Hab.     Peat  bogs  of  New  England  (OakcR). 

170.  H.  CUSpidatum,  Linn.  Dicecions :  tufts  loose,  yel- 
lowish or  dirty  green  ;  stems  with  few  branches,  pinnately 
ramulose,  rigid  and  cuspidate  at  the  apex  by  the  convolute 
leaves :    leaves    crowded,   erect,   open,   broadly    ovate-oblong, 


t- 


H 


llfgliii  |! 


r' 


404 


BRYACE.E. 


[fft/i>num. 


t- 


obtuse  ;  subacute,  deeply  concave;  costa  double,  (short 
obsolete;  areolation  very  iiar'ow,  enlarj^ed,  (iiuuhulc  au«l  hyu- 
line  at  the  decurreiit  angles,  concave  on  the  Ujtper  faic  ;  jtcrU 
chuitial  leaves  deej)ly  sulcate,  narrowly  bicostate,  gradually 
short-acuminate :  ca])sule  long-pedicellate,  erect  at  base,  hori- 
zontally incurved,  oblong,  large,  reddish  1  own ;  operculum 
convex-conical,  apiculate  ;  teeth  orange,  hyaline-niarginate,  ser- 
rate at  the  apex  ;  cilia  three,  stout,  a  little  shorter  than  the  nar- 
rowly cleft  segments ;  annulus  broad,  trij)le,  revolubk',  jicr- 
sistent.  —  Spec.  PI.  1129;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  G19.  Stereudon  cnspi- 
datus,  Brid.  Acrodadiuni  cuspidution,  Lindb.  ]\Iusc.  Scand.  lid. 
Uau.    Swamps,  wet  meadows,  grassy  ditches;  not  conuiion. 

177.  H.  Riohardsoni.  Monoecious :  cespitose,  the  branches 
irregularly  pinnate,  cuspidate  at  the  a])ex :  leaves  sj)reading, 
broadly  ovate,  obtuse,  ( oncave ;  cells  long  and  narrow,  promi- 
nent at  the  apex,  the  alar  loose,  ventricose,  })ale ;  pericha-tial 
leaves  oval,  acute,  nerved  to  the  middle,  imbricate :  cajtsiile 
long-pedicellate,  cylindrical,  arcuate,  horizontal ;  peristome  nor- 
mal.—  Stereodon  liichardsom^  Mitt.,  Journ.  Linn.  Soc.  viii.  42. 
Ainbh/steginni  Ilichardsoiii,  Lijidb.  ]Musc.  Scand.  34. 

H  \.B.    IJritish  A\\w.Y\(!9.(liicltavihon]\  coast  of  Greenland  [IniiJcfuid). 

The  author  remarks  that  in  its  general  api)earanccand  yellowish  brown 
color  the  species  is  closely  similar  to  //.  cuspidalum,  and  intermediate 
between  it  and  //.  cordifolium. 

178.  H.  Schreberi,  Willd.  Diopcious  :  tufts  high,  pale, 
olive  or  grayish  green  ;  stems  rigid,  woody,  dark  red,  bi-anch- 
ing  and  pinnately-ramulose;  branches  and  branchlets  obtuse  at 
the  apex  :  leaves  close,  loosely  imbricate,  broadly  ovate,  ob- 
long, obtuse  or  obtusely  pointed,  slightly  sulcate  ;  costa  double, 
abort ;  borders  recurved  at  base,  incurved  at  the  apex ;  areola- 
tion very  narrow,  solid,  quadrate,  orange  at  the  base  and  at  the 
decurrent  excavate  angles ;  inner  perich.Ttial  leaves  sheathing, 
erect,  short-acuminate,  ecostate,  not  j)licate :  capsule  incurved, 
oblong,  fuscous ;  pedicel  pur])le,  long,  twisted  above ;  oper- 
culum conical-aj)iculate,  reddish ;  teeth  long,  lamellate  on  the 
inside,  cristate ;  segments  split  nearly  the  whole  length  ;  cilia 
three,  slightly  shorter;  annulus  none.  —  Prodr.  Fl.  Berol.  825; 
Bryol.Enr.  t.  020.  Stereodon  Schreheri^WiiiA.c.  Ihjlocomium 
Schreberi^  DeNot.  Briol.  Ital.  92,  and  IT.  parietinnm,  Lindb. 

Hab.    On  shaded  ground,  hills  and  mountains;  common. 


ni/pnum.] 


DRYACE^. 


405 


no.  H.  Alaskanum,  Lcsfj.  &  Jiimcs.  Durcious :  plants 
widely  sjnuiadiug,  deiisoly  and  regularly  j»iniiato  and  bipinnate, 
pale  grt'cn  :  leaves  solid,  broadly  ovate,  obtuse,  plano-euneave, 
obseurely  bicostate,  the  borders  remotely  serrate;  areolation 
vermicular,  slightly  larger  t(>\vard  the  base;  paraphylliu  numcr^ 
ous,  nuiltifid. —  Proe.  Anier.  Acad.  xiv.  139. 

llAB.     On  the  ground;  Alaska, 

Cuiiiparablo  to  //.  Sc.hiihcri,  from  which  It  differs  in  its  densely  pin- 
nate brandies,  tlie  broader  sligluly  serrate  leaves,  tlie  dark  color,  etc. 

*  #  J'lants  nearly  sitnple,  suhtcrete :   leases  dusehj  imbricaU 
v'/ie/i  dry:  Jtoicers  dUecious. 

180.  H.  stramineum,  Dicks.  Plants  slender,  in  soft  pale 
yellowish  green  tufts;  stems  long,  slender,  simple  or  with  few 
branches,  not  ramulose  :  leaves  erect,  open,  ovate-oblong,  obtuse, 
concave,  subcucullate,  excavate  at  the  decurrent  angles,  narrowly 
costate  to  above  the  middle;  pericluetial  leaves  taper-j)ointcd, 
the  inner  serrate  at  the  apex,  very  thinly  costate,  not  plicate: 
capsule  cernuous  or  horizontal  from  a  short  erect  collum,  oblong- 
cylindrical  ;  lid  convex-conical,  acute ;  teeth  short ;  segments 
slightly  clelt ;  cilia  two,  very  short,  fragile;  annulus  none. — 
Crypt.  Fasc.  ii.  G,  t.  1  ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  017.  Atnbli/steyium 
strcanineutn.,  DeNot.  1.  c.  1)37. 

II An.  Peat  bogs;  White  Mountains  (Oakes);  Pocono  Mountain, 
Peimsylvania   (Porter). 

181.  H.  trifarium,  Web.  <fc  Mohr.  Tufts  dirty  green 
above,  dark  brown  within,  rigid  when  dry;  stems  flexuons, 
drooping  or  erect,  scarcely  divided,  filiform  at  base,  gradually 
thicker  above:  leaves  closely  imbricate  when  dry,  five-ranked, 
broadly  ovate,  obtuse,  slightly  decurrent,  deeply  concave; 
costa  simple,  ascending  to  the  middle,  or  double  and  shorter ; 
areolation  very  narrow,  small  and  shorter  at  the  angles ;  peri- 
cluetial leaves  loosely  imbricate,  the  inner  long-lanceolate, 
blunt  or  subacute,  narrowly  costate,  sulcate:  caj)sule  small, 
cernuous  and  horizontal,  oblong-cylindrical  with  a  distinct  col- 
lum;  lid  convex-conical,  reddish;  annuhis  of  a  triple  row  of 
very  small  cells ;  peristome  as  in  the  preceding.  —  Schwed. 
Reise,  177,  t.  2;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  618.  //.  stramineum,  var.  tri- 
farium, Schwaegr.  Sui)pl.  i.  2.  212,  t.  89.  Amhlystegvim,  tri- 
farhim,  DeNot.  1.  c. 

Had.    Peat  bogs,  Northern  Ohio  (iesguercux);  Lake  Huron;  sterile. 


T 


\ 


% 


II 


400 


BRYACEiE. 


[Ili/pnum. 


S;1iiij*i 


ISL'.  H.  turgescens,  Schiinp.  Cospitosc,  in  (U'L'p  soft 
tunu'scc'iit  (lurk  yellow  and  greenish  tufts  ;  stems  sUinler,  erect, 
eradiculose,  with  few  fustij,nate  julaeeoua  hranclies  an<l  fi  w 
short  thick  or  loni;  slender  hraneldets :  leaves  ylossy,  Itroailly 
ohlonij,  deeply  concave,  subcucullate  at  the  upex,  al)rni)tly 
short-apicnlate  ;  borders  erect  and  entire,  not  decin'rent  nor 
^  excavate  at  the  angles;  costa  short,  bifnrcate ;  cells  narrow, 

short,  hexagonal,  vermicular  in  the  nj)per  j)art  of  the  leaves, 
broader  toward  the  base,  large,  rectangular  and  (piadrate  at  the 
angles:  male  tlowers  minute.  —  Syn.  ed.  2,  71)4. 

IlAu.  Davis  Straits  {Taylur),  according  to  Mitten  (Journ.  Linn.  See. 
viii.  42). 

1^:^  H.  badium,  Ilartm.  Plants  erect  or  i)rostrate,  dark 
reddish  brown  below,  orange-yellow  above  :  leaves  imbricate, 
short,  solid,  glossy,  greenish  yellow  when  young,  gradually 
darker  towanl  the  base  of  the  stems,  broadly  ovate,  acute  or 
acuminate,  very  entire  and  concave  ;  costa  ascending  to  above 
the  middle,  dissolving  or  bipartite  at  the  a])ex  ;  areolation  thick, 
solid,  tlexuons-linear,  with  a  few  very  small  (piadrate  alar  cells; 
perichatium  long,  imbricate,  the  leaves  ovate,  long-lanceolate, 
solid,  thinly  costate  :  capsule  small,  ccrnuous,  turgid-oval,  thin, 
on  a  slender  i)edicel,  slightly  constricted  under  the  orifice  when 
dry. —  Skand.  F!.  ed.  5,  IJ)>"2 ;  Scliimi).  Syn.  649.  Amblystetjium 
badium.,  Lindb.  Muse.  Scand.  38. 

Had.     Labrador  (./.  A.  Allen),  sterile. 

A  boaufiful  sperios,  described  by  Soliiinper  from  specimens  coinnuini- 
cated  by  Ilartinann,  Tlie  capsules  were  deoperculate.  It  is  considered 
by  Mueller  (Syn.  ii.  324)  to  be  a  form  of  11.  recolceim. 

Subgenus  XXVI     SCOllPIDIUM. 

Plants  of  groat  size,  with  fastigiate  branches  and  few  branch- 

lets.     Leaves  turgid,  imbricate,  secund,  broad-ovate,  soft,  sub- 

ecostate  ;  areolation  very  narrow.     Plowers  dioecious. 

184.  H.  SCOrpioides,  Linn.  Tufts  wide  ".nd  deep,  soft, 
dark  green  or  reddish  brown ;  plants  flexuous,  erect  or  pros- 
trate ;  branches  dichotomous  or  fastigiate,  distantly  and  un- 
equally ramulose  ;  branches  and  branchlets  arcuate  or  incurved 
at  the  apex  :  leaves  crowded,  turgid,  imbricato-secund,  those  of 
the  branches  sometimes  falcate,  narrowed  at  base,  broadly  ovate, 
obtuse  or  short-pointed,  concave,  soft ;  costa  simple  or  double 


t 


Ilj/pnum. 


BUYACE.E. 


407 


pi    t! 


sliort,  obsolete;  aroolritioii  very  narrow,  n  littlt-  ('iilnrj;*'*!  at  the 
base  aixl  aiiu:l(s ;  j>riiclin'tial  Iravos  .sharply  acuiuiiiati',  dei'jjly 
Bulcan',  ^villi  a  very  .slciHlcr  pale  costa :  cajtsuK'  incurved,  ecr- 
luious  or  ajeuate,  ohlong-eyliinlrieal,  bei-oiuiii^  nuicli  arched, 
plicati"  and  et)ii.strii  tcil  umler  the  oriliee  when  dry;  lid  coiivex- 
eonical,  aciiti*;  peristome  jieifeel  ;  cilia  two  or  three,  nearly  na 
lo!i;^  as  the  slitihtly  perforated  set^tnentH,  anmdtis  viry  lar^e, 
triple.  —  Spec.  I'l.  llliT;  IJryol.  Kur.  t.  Gl'J.  Aiiihli/stc<ji(i)n 
Hcorpioidi'n^    l.ilidl*.   1.  c. 

Ham.  Crauborry  niarslio?,  Northern  Ohio  (LvsqHcreux)\  Canada 
(Macuun). 

SiiKjKNLs  XXVir.     PLEUUOZIUM. 

Plants  inerea.siiiuj  Ity  annual  arcuate  branches  or  by  crcot 
rii^id  innovations,  fascicidato,  piniiate  and  bipinnately  ratnulose. 
Sti'in-lcaves  larger  than  those  of  the  branches  and  different  in 
shape;  i)arajtliyllia  numerous,  large,  i>luripartite. 

ISO.  H.  splendens,  lledw.  Tufts  loose,  rigid,  pale  olive 
green;  plants  solid,  the  old  ones  many  times  arcuate;  branch- 
lets  long,  filifortn  :  basilar  leaves  distant,  small  and  squamiform, 
the  upper  larger,  loosely  imbricate,  broadly  oblong-ovate,  nar- 
rowed into  a  long  Hexuous  j»oint,  obsoletely  bicostate,  plaiu> 
concave,  serrulate  ;  branch-leaves  smaller,  oval-oblong,  shoi'ter- 
pointetl ;  inner  pericha-tial  leaves  narrowly  acuminate,  suberect 
or  recurved  at  the  apex  :  calyptra  large,  long-]»ersistent :  ca|)- 
sule  turgid-ovate  ;  ()j)erculam  large,  rostrate.  —  Spec,  Muse.  12G!2, 
t.  07.  //.  prolifenim^  Linn.  Spec.  PI.  ll'J;").  Ifi/lacotniiDn 
sple/idens,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  487.  Ili/hcoiniiini 
prolifertDiiy  Lindb.  Muse.  Scand.  37. 

Var.  compactum.  Stems  eom])act,  prostrate,  with  short 
branches  a?id  filiform  or  attenuated  branehlets :  stem-leaves 
short-pointed. 

IIau.  Deep  pine  woods,  in  inotintains  or  north  ward;  very  common. 
The  variety  near  Forteau,  Labrailor  (J,  A.  AHvn). 

18G.  H.  umbratum,  Ehrh,  Tufts  loose,  dark  or  l)lackish 
green,  rigid ;  plants  irregidarly  bipinnatc ;  branehlets  close, 
Hubfasciculate,  unequal,  arcuate  to  one  side ;  stems  fragile, 
covered  with  paraphyllia  :  stem-leaves  long,  deeurrent  at  base, 
broadly  obcordate,  abruptly  lanceolate-acuminate,  with  a  long 
double  costa,  deej^ly  suleate,  serrate  all  around,  with  a  few 


T 


T 


I  ■' 


,, 


IP     I' 


'\u 


: 


408 


BRYACE^. 


[Ilypnum. 


f 


r 


longer  l)ni!;ilar  teeth ;  branch-leaves  broadly  ovate,  short-acunil- 
nate,  dark  green ;  perichietial  leaves  broad,  spreading  at  tlie 
point:  capsule  turgid-ovate,  subhorizontal,  j)ale  brcv.vn ;  lid 
conical,  acute;  segments  nearly  entire;  annulus  none.  —  Muse. 
Exsicc.  n.  GG;  Iledw.  Sp.  Muse.  tKJli,  t.  G7.  JI.  proliferum., 
var.  wnbnitiuii,  Wahl.  Jlylocomiani  lunhratuni^  IJrueh  &, 
Schimp.  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  488. 

II AU.     Deep  pine  woods  on  high  mountains;  summit  of  the  Adirondack 
and  CiUskiil  Mountains  (Lcisquereux). 

187.  H.  Oakesii,  Sulliv.  Plants  in  wide  depressed  swollen 
dirty  green  tufts;  stems  continuous  by  annual  arcuate  iimova- 
tions,  distantly  pinnately  rainnlose;  brandies  and  branclilcts 
comjxessed-foliate :  stem-leaves  loose,  broadly  ovate,  open, 
those  of  the  branches  gh)ss3',  loosely  nuMunbcnt,  ovate-oblong, 
all  concave,  more  or  less  long-acuminate  (the  borders  recurved 
to  near  the  aj)e.\'),  irregularly  and  coarsely  serrate  above,  sim- 
ply costate  to  the  middle;  para])hyllia  lar  ;e,  bii)iiinately 
divided;  pericliwtial  leaves  ecostate,  sheathing  to  the  middle, 
there  squarrosely  reflexcd,  narrowed  to  a  long  shai-ply  serrate 
point .  eaj)sule  globose-ovate,  turgid,  on  a  long  slender  arcuate 
pedicel ;  operculum  convex-conical,  short-rostrate ;  annulus 
none  ;  i)eristome  of  the  last.  —  Gray's  iNIanual,  G73  (184S),  ^Icm. 
Amer.  ^\cad.  n.  ser.  iv.  173,  t.  5,  and  Icon.  Muse.  159,  t.  102. 
ILjlocomA am  fimhrlatmn^  Brnch  <&  Schimp.  Bryol.  l']ur.  t.  4S'J. 
Jlylocoitilutii-  0((kesii,  Schimp.  Coroll.  13i).  JJi/loconuiun 
jPi/reiiaicn.ii},  Lindb.  1.  c.  37. 

IlAn.     While  Mountains  (Oakes,  James). 

188.  H.  brevirO!=?tre,  Ehrh.  Tufts  large,  swollen,  some- 
what rigid,  pale  or  dark  green ;  stems  solid,  arcuate,  erect  or 
drooping,  irregularly  or  fasciculately  piinnite-ramulose,  covered 
with  ininute  jtaraphyllia :  stem-leaves  spreading,  s(piarrose  or 
subsecund,  broadly  obcordatc-ovate,  abruptly  and  narrowly 
apiculate,  decnrrent  and.  half-clasping  at  base,  irregularly  sul- 
cate,  narrowly  bicostate,  serrulate  above,  those  of  the  branch- 
lets  ovate-lanceolate,  all  glossy ;  perichietial  leaves  half-sheath- 
ing at  base,  subulate-acnminate,  squarrose-reflexed,  serrate  at 
the  apex :  capsule  horizontal,  on  a  pedicel  arcuate  above,  turgid- 
ovate  or  oblong,  sulcate  when  dry ;  operculum  long-conical, 
acuminate  or  subrostrate;  teeth  orange;  cilia  subappendicu- 
late;  annulus  narrow.  —  Muse.  Exsicc.  n.  85;  Schwaegr.  Suppl. 


Ilypnum.] 


BRYACE^. 


409 


iii.  1.,  t.  225*-     Jli/Iocomium  brevirostruniy  Bruch  it  Schimp. 
Bryol.  Eur.  t.  49^. 

II AU.  Siiininit  of  the  Allcghiiny  Mountains  (Sulllcant  &  Lcsquereux), 
fertile;  deep  ravines,  I'ounsylvuuia  and  New  Jersey  (Jainca,  Austin), 
sterile. 

SuBGKNUs  XXVIII.    IIYLOCOMIUM. 

Plants  long,  two  or  throe  times  divided,  distantly  and  irregu- 
larly pinnate-raniulose,  with  innovations  from  the  apex  and 
from  the  lateral  branches.  Leaves  squarrose  or  s])reading- 
secund  ;  paraphyllia  none.  Capsule  turgid-ovate  or  suhglobose. 
—  J/i/loco>ni(it?i,  tSehimp. 

189.  H.  squarrOSUm,  Linn.  In  wide  soft  bright  green 
tufts ;  stems  slender,  tlexuous,  distnnlly  ramulose,  the  branchlets 
unequal,  acute,  llexuous:  stem-leaves  crowded,  divaricately 
squarrose  from  the  erect  concave  base,  broadly  ovate,  narrowly 
lanceolatc-acunruKite,  with  a  short  costa  or  none;  branch-leaves 
smaller,  less  sfpiarrose,  the  terminal  spreading,  distantly  and 
obscurely  dentate,  not  sulcatc  ;  .ivci)lation  dilated,  reddish  l)r<  wn 
at  base ;  pericluetium  squarrose,  the  inner  leaves  subulate- 
acuminate,  serrulate  at  apex:  cajtsule  abruptly  horizontal, 
turgid-ovate  or  subglobose,  red<lish-bruwn,  inclined  when  dry ; 
pedicel  twisted  to  the  right;  o|)erculum  convex-conical,  apicu- 
late^  segments  split  between  the  articulations;  cilia  three;  annulus 
double.  —  Spec.  I'l.  1127.  Jlylocomium  squarrosuvn,  Bruch  & 
Schimp.  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  492. 

Haij.  Grassy  places  and  borders  of  -.voods;  Alleghany  Mountains  near 
Summit  Portage,  Peiuisylvania  (Lesqueraux.);  Oregon  (E.  Hall);  rare, 
and  found  only  sterile. 

190.  H.  triquetrum,  Linn.  Tufts  high  and  wide,  rigid, 
yellowish  or  light  green  ;  stems  woo<ly,  reddish,  long,  robust, 
erect,  nearly  simple  or  fastigiately  branching,  j)innately  ramu- 
lose; branchlets  unequal,  short  and  rigid,  or  longer  and  flagelli- 
form,  sometimes  radiculose  at  the  apex :  stem-leaves  close, 
subsquaivose,  rarely  sccund,  deltoid-obcordate  and  decurrent  at 
base,  lanceolate  above,  sulcate,  narrowly  bicostate  to  the  middle, 
serrate  at  the  apex,  scarious,  loosely  areolate  at  base ;  leaves  of 
the  branchlets  narrower  and  gradually  smaller  upward ;  peri- 
chfetiinu  scjuarrose  :  caj)sule  horizontal  by  a  curve  of  the  }>edicel 
under  its  base  or  inclined,  oblong,  narrowed  at  the  orifice  when. 


^ 


ill 
Iii: 

1' 

1 

ii, 
lili 

1,1 

III 

1 

! 

!  ! 

ifliijij  )' 


:(n 


iii,i>. 


410 


BRYACF  E. 


[Uj/pnum, 


l^ 


dry;  operculum  convex,  mamillatc;  teeth  ornnge,  with  a  broad 
ycHow  border;  segments  sj)lit  their  whole  length ;  ciliu  three,  very 
stout,  as  long  as  the  segments;  annulus  simple.  —  ISj)ec.  PI. 
1124.  ILjlvcomiaui  tri'jdetnim,  Brueh  and  Sehini]).  Bryol. 
Eur.  t.  401. 

II An.     riiiB  woods;  plains  and  mountains. 

191.  H.  Flemmingii.  Plants  pale  and  robust ;  stems  sim- 
ple, erect,  rigid,  obtuse  at  the  ai)ex :  leaves  cordate  at  base,  ])roadly 
ovate-lanceolate,  obtusely  acuminate,  very  flexuous,  squarrose, 
pubfalcate,  deeply  sulcate,  minutely  papillose  at  the  a])ex,  glossy, 

-f-  bicostate  at  base  ;  areolation  miimte  and  narrowly  sulxpiadrate 

at  the  aiigles  ;  borders  minutely  and  eh)sely  serrulate  above, 
refli'xed  and  ciliate  at  base  ;  nerves  distant,  narrow,  reaching 
ncai'ly  to  the  miiMle,  ciliate  at  base:  flowers  and  fruit  unknown. 
—  Jlylocomiion  Fkrnminfjll^  Aust.  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  v.  24. 

IIaij,     Vancouver  Islaml  [Maconn,  1872). 

The  author  says  that  this  species  is  remarkable  for  the  obtuse  apex  of 
the  leaf  and  the  minute  decompound  cilia  on  the  mari^ins  and  nerves  at 
base.  We  have  seen  no  specimen  of  this  moss,  which  is  probably  a  vari- 
ety of  //.  nnibratum. 

192.  H.  loreum,  Linn.  Tufts  drooping,  loose,  soft,  pale 
olive  or  yellowish  green  ;  stems  long,  prostrate,  nearly  simple, 
with  the  few  dichotomous  branches  distantly  and  interruj)te(lly 
j)innate-ramulose ;  branchlets  long,  flexuous,  atteuiuile  at  the 
often  radiculose  a))ex :  leaves  close,  thin,  broadly  ovate  and 
sulcate  at  base,  narrowly  long-lanceolate  and  acuminate,  falcate, 
concave,  serrulate  at  the  apex,  ecostate;  areolation  very  narrow 
and  equal  to  the  base;  leaves  of  the  branchlets  ovate,  Rnl.Ml':t(.\ 

*"  curved  ;  inner  pericha^tial  leaves  half-sheathing  at  base,  puL  h."  e- 

acuminate,  ecostate:  caly[)tra  twisted,  often  left  attached  to  i'>  ; 
pedicel:  capsule  subglobose,  solid,  reddish  brown,  sulcate  when 
dry,  abruptly  horizontal  on  a  strong  flexuous  pedicel  twisted  to 
the  right;  lid  large,  convex,  mamillate;  annulus  and  peristome 
as  in  JI.  triqnetrum.  —  Spec.  PI.  1127.  Ilylocondiun  loreum., 
Bruch  &  Schimp.  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  490. 

Hah.  Deep  woods,  Oregon  {Hall)]  Rocky  Mountains  [Druminond)', 
British  Columbia  {Lyall,  etc.);  Alaska  {BischoJ}'). 


I 


Uypnum,] 


BRYXCEJE. 


411 


Specias  of  uncertain  aijinitu  ;  not  dearh;  referable  to  any  of 

the  described  subgenera. 

193.  H.  Wrightii,  Sulliv.  ^Moiuueious :  plants  loosely 
intricate,  dark  jrveen  or  varienated  with  reddish  yellow;  steiua 
prostrate,  radieulose  on  the  lower  t^.-de,  irregnlarly  divided; 
brunches  lonsji;,  loosely  foliate:  leaves  two-ranked,  coniplanute, 
ovate-oblonijj,  blunt  or  acute  at  the  apex,  ol)scurely  serrulate 
above,  the  lateral  spreadiuL?  with  an  oblifjue  base,  inllexed  on 
one  side  ;  eosta  stout,  ascendini?  to  above  the  middle ;  areolation 
rhond)oidal-oval,  slightly  tunud  on  both  sides;  alar  cells  very 
nuinerou:,  small,  transversely  obloui?,  close  ;  pericluutial  leaves 
few,  loose,  erect,  uostate  to  the  middle,  narrowed  into  a  slender 
serrulate  jKunt :  caj)sule  small,  oblon*;,  erect  or  slightly  cernuous, 
thin,  narrowed  to  a  short  pedicel ;  o])erculum  conical,  short- 
rostrate ;  teeth  pale-yellow,  distantly  articulate;  segments  cleft ; 
cilia  solitary,  shorter;  annulus  none.  —  Icon.  Muse.  'iOD,  t.  127. 
Omalia  Wrif/ldii^  Sulliv.  Mosses  of  U.  States,  05;  Sulliv.  *& 
Lesq.  Muse.  iJor.-Amer.  Exsicc.  n.  209. 

IIab.  l{(juts  of  trees;  8an  Antonio,  Texas  [Wriyht);  Santa  Fo,  New 
Mexico  {F(  luUcr). 

A  distinct  species,  not  to  be  confonncied  witli  any  oilier.  \n  its  suberect 
capsule  and  oblong  senii-costute  and  (;oiuiilaiia!,e  It'aves  it  n^seiubles  tbe 
genus  IJoiiikU'I,  to  wliieli  it  was  originally  referred,  and  tbe  figure  is 
still  retained  in  the  plates  as  representing  sufHciently  tbe  characters  of 
that  geinis. 

194.  H.  planum,  Brid.  Monoecious :  plants  widely  ces- 
pitose,  stems  ])rostrate,  very  long-crcej)ing,  complanate,  irregu- 
larly pinnate,  bright  green :  leaves  loosely  imbricate,  broadly 
ovate,  acute  or  shortly  acunnnate,  concave  below,  constricted  at 
base;  borders  erect,  minutely  crennlate;  eosta  obsolete;  cells 
long,  narrow,  papillose,  the  basilar  few,  quadrate,  granulose,  the 
alar  three,  small  and  vermicular,  ])ellucid  ;  perich.Ttial  leaves 
sheathing,  broad  at  base,  lanceolate-subulate,  erose-denticidate 
above,  more  strongly  pajjillose:  capsule  small,  subcernuous, 
oval  and  horizontally  inclined,  constricted  at  the  orifice,  short- 
necked,  on  a  very  long  yellow  smooth  pedicel ;  operculum  tur- 
gid, conical-acuminate,  orange;  teeth  yellow;  segments  solid, 
as  long;  cilia  solitary,  white.  —  IMusc.  liecent.  Suppl.  ii.  97; 
Schwaegr,  Suj)])l.  iii.,  t.  280.  Leskea  (Omalia)  cymbifolia^ 
Brid.  Bryol.  Univ.  ii.  3:{8. 

Hau.    riorida,  not  rare  {^Austin,  J.  Donnell  Smith). 


V 


1 


412 


BRYACE^. 


[nypn 


uui. 


195.  H.  Coloradense,  Aust.  Plants  robust ;  stems  erect 
or  at  length  prostrate,  compressed,  sparingly  branched :  k-avcs 
erect,  aitpressed-inibricate,  not  dianged  in  drying,  oblong-oviac, 
concave,  abruptly  pilit'erous  at  the  often  recurved  aj»ex;  mar- 
gins entire  or  subserrate,  scarcely  recurved  at  the  somewhat 
narrowed  and  rounded  base ;  angles  excavated ;  cells  less  narrow, 
nearly  stru"  Jit  and  uniform  except  at  the  very  base,  Mhcre  they 
are  shorter  and  slightly  inflated,  oval  or  roundish,  but  not  more 
pellucid.  —  Coult.  Bot.  Gaz.  ii.  111. 

Hab.     Colorado  (Miss  II.  J.  liiddlecome). 

Differs  from  Mi/urinm  Ilcrjcddllcnm,  Schimp.  (Syn.  696),  in  the  com- 
pressed stem,  and  the  leaves  subplicale,  somewhat  rounded  at  base,  and 
the  marirln  scarcely  recurved  below.  The  reticulation  of  the  leaf  suggests 
a  Camiitotlieciinn,  the  pihnn  at  the  apex  is  much  as  in  Eurhynchium 
pillferuin,  while  the  general  habit  of  the  plant  is  that  of  lihynchostegium. 
—  (Austin.) 


ADDITIOI^S,  ETC. 


Page  20. 

10.  Sphagnum  lR.ricinuin,  Spruce.  The  last  locality  given  under 
the  habitat  should  be  Gloucester  County,  New  Jersey,  instead  of  Pennsyl- 
vania. 

Page  55. 

1.  AnoBctangium  Peckii,  Sulllv.  —  Amphoridium  Pccfc/i,  Sulliv. 
in  Regents'  liep.  of  Univ.  of  State  of  New  York,  xxii.  57  (18Gi)). 

Page  110. 

TuiciiosTOMiTM  Coi.oKADEXSE,  Austin.  Plants  small,  greenish  brown; 
stem  slendor,  subflexuons,  ^  to  1  cm.  long:  lower  leaves  remote,  the 
upper  close  togetlier,  open-incurved,  linear,  convolute  their  whole  length, 
acute,  minutely  granulose-papillose;  ateolatlon  minute  and  obscure,  sub- 
pellucid  at  base;  borders  pl?ne,  very  entire,  thin,  subpellucid  at  the  apex, 
sometimes  minutely  serrav?;  costa  enlarged  at  base,  flat,  very  thin, 
scarcely  distinguishable  f.om  the  lamina  above  the  middle  and  vanishing 
much  below  the  apex.  —  Coult.  Bot.  Gaz.  ii.  90, 

As  remarked  by  Watson  (Bot.  Calif,  ii.  SOT),  this  species  is  based  upon 
specimons  witliout  fruit,  and  the  genus  therefore  undeterminable.  The 
name  of  the  collector  is  also  uncertain,  and  the  specific  name  a  misnomer, 
as  the  moss  is  not  known  from  Colorado.  Austin  states  that  it  was 
collected  in  Yosemite  Valley  by  a  Mr.  James  (probably  Ii.  W,  Jaines), 

Page  277. 

CiiYPii.EA  INUNDATA,  Nees.  Stoms  pendulous,  loosely  pinnately 
branched;  branolilets  recurved  at  the  apex:  leaves  distant,  oblong-lanceo- 
late, carinate,  the  lower  ones  complicate,  oblique;  costa  stout,  excnrrent: 
capsule  oval,  unilateral  on  the  stems,  immersed  in  the  long  ecost ate  peri- 
chaitial  leaves:  cilia  of  the  inner  peristome  red,  persistent,  incurved  at  the 
apex,  as  long  as  the  teeth. — Pflauz.  Maxim,  von  VVied,  27;  Sulliv. 
Mosses  of  I''^.  States,  56. 

ITab.  Floating  in  water  and  attached  to  immersed  branches  of  trees, 
Wabash,  Fox,  and  Black  Rivers,  Illinois  (Maxim,  von  Wied). 

As  far  as  can  be  judged  from  the  insunicient  description,  this  moss  is 
referable  to  Dichebjina  siibulatum  or  D.  capillaceum. 

413 


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414 


ADDITIONS,  ETC. 


Page  279, 

1'  Leptodon  Floridanus,  Lindb.  Similar  to  Z.  tricho. 
milriitm,  difft'i-iiig  in  the  plants  more  robust,  the  leaves  broatler 
and  ovate,  abruptly  acuminate,  the  cells  larger  and  espcciallv 
broader,  tiiicker  and  communicating  by  j)ores,  the  pedicel 
longer,  nearly  j)arallel  to  the  stem  (not  diverging  from  it),  and 
the  capsule  half  as  large,  ovate-cyliudrical.  —  Krit.  Gransk. 
Moss.  Dill.  53. 

Hab.    Florida  (Chapman). 

Page  340,  after  //.  plnmosum. 

M"-  H.  oxycladon,  Brid.  MonoBcious :  stem  short,  pros- 
trate, vaguely  or  i)innately  ramose ;  branches  simj)le  or  fascicu- 
late, slender,  acute,  yellowish  green  and  shining:  stem-leaves 
close,  narrowly  lanceolate,  acuminate,  slightly  biplicate,  strict 
or  subcurved,  nearly  entire;  alar  cells  loosely  quadrate,  thin, 
granulose  inside;  perichaetial  leaves  nerved,  the  inner  narrowed 
into  a  long  filiform  acumen,  not  |>licate:  capsule  oval,  equal,  on 
a  smooth  pedicel;  lid  conical,  obtuse,  erect;  teeth  not  split 
open ;  cilia  single,  long  an<l  slender.  —  IVIusc.  Recent.  Suppl.  ii. 
128;  Schwaegr.  Suppl.  iii.,  t.  285;  Muell.  Syn.  ii.  'MO.  11. 
atteundttini^  IJrid.  Uryol.  Univ.  ii.  448;  fide  Muell. 

IIai!.     PiMinsylvaiiia  {Mnhlcnhcr;/),  etc. 

Mueller  compares  it  to  II.  liitesc.ens.     From  the  description  it  appears 
like  //.  nltcus,  especially  its  sterile  American  form. 


:M- 

;frf 

■  J'* 

Page  ?,r>X 

7o"-  H.  Vaucheri,  Schimp.  Densely  cespitose,  soft,  gray- 
ish green  ;  stem  ])rostrate,  stolon iferous,  with  erect  fasciculate 
branches;  branchlets  long,  attenuate,  flagelliform  :  leaves  close, 
broadly  ovate-lanceolate,  filiform-acuminate,  concave,  mimitely 
crenulate  all  around,  glossy;  costa  thin,  ascending  to  the  middle 
or  above;  ])ericlKetial  leav(>s  numerous,  subs(juarrose,  the  inner 
long-filiform  acuminate:  capsule  small,  cornuous,  turgid-ovate 
or  oblong,  subincurved ;  pedicel  very  rougli ;  lid  rostellate ; 
teeth  and  segments  long,  subulate ;  cilia  1  or  2,  very  slender,  as 
long  as  the  teeth.  —  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  530. 
Hab.    Canada  (Macoun),  sterile;  according  to  Austin. 


EXPLANATION  OF  THE  PLATES. 


NoTK.  —  Tlie  mosses  seloetetl  for  ilhistrating  the  genera  are  figured  of 
the  iiiiuinil  si/.e;  tlicir  details  are  more  or  less  magiulii-d.  The  sign  f,  in- 
dicates tilt*.  antli»!ridia.  Plates  I.-V.  are  the  >ame  that  were  used  by 
Sullivam  tui- tlie  Illustration  of  his  "Mosses  of  ihe  United  .Stales,"  the 
liguivs  purlly  from  original  drawings,  partly  taken  from  the  plates  of 
Jiriieii  A  Scliimper's  Jlri/oloyia  Europaa.  "  'I'he  last  plate,  illustrating 
mainly  the  subgenera  of  Jlypnuju,  is,  with  a  single  exception,  made  up 
from  fcjchimper. 


Plate  I. 


Andresea.  — Plant,  calyptra,  capsule  before  dehiscence,  and  the  same 
after  dehiscence,  of  ^-1.  riqicstriK,  Tiu'ii. 

Sphagnum. —  Plant,  capside  with  remains  of  the  calyptra,  the  same 
cut.  ii'ngiliwiso,  and  the  operculum,  of  iS.  cytiihifoliitn'i,  Elirh. 

Archidium.  —  Plant,  a  plant  enlarged,  capsule  with  base  of  calyptra, 
and  upper  portion  of  the  calyptra,  of  A.  OJilociisc,  Schiiup. 

Phascum. —  Plant,  the  same  enlarged,  capsule,  and  calyptra,  of  P. 
ciisiiii[((lum,  Schreb, 

Bruchia.  —  Plant,  a  plant  enlarged,  calyptra,  and  capsule,  of  Ji.  hrccl- 
foli<i.  Sulliv. 

Gymnostomum.— Plant,  calyptra,  capsule,  and  opermhun,  of  r;. 
rnix'slrc,  Scinvaegr. 

"Weisia.  —  Plant,  capsule  with  calyptra  and  operculum,  and  five  teeih 
of  liie  ix'risfonip,  of  IP,  viridnlri.  I5rid. 

Rhabdoweisia.  —  Plant,  calvpfra,  capsule  with  opcfculnm.  capsule 
wbeu  dry,  ami  three  teeth  of  the  peristome,  of  li.  ficjitx,  IJruch  it 
Seliimi). 

Dicranodontium. — Plant,  calyiitra.  capsule  with  oporculum,  and 
two  L'-parted  teeth  of  the  peristome,  of  1).  lowjironire,  Pruch  & 
Sebini]). 

Dicranum.  —  Plant,  capsule  with  calyptra  and  operculum,  and  two 
teeth  of  the  peristome,  of  I),  fiih-rlliuii,  Smith. 

Seligeria.  —  Plant,  capsule  with  calyptra  and  opercidiim,  and  three 
tectb  of  the  ])eristome.  of  S.  trisfic/id,  Pruch  it  Schimp. 

Barbula.  —  Plant,  calyptra,  capsule  •with  operculum,  and  peristome,  of 
]>.  uti'ii'iriilatd,  Iledw. 

Ceratodon.  —  Plant,  calyptra,  capsule  with  operculum,  same  when  dry, 
and  two  :i-cleft  teeth  of  the  peristome,  of  C.  piirpurcus,  Prid. 

415 


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416 


EXPLANATION   OF  THE  PLATES. 


Fissidena.  — Plant,  calyptra,  capsule  with  operculum,  and  two  2-clcft 
(('♦'III  «»f  the  pcrisloiiif.  of  F.  tiuifoUits,  lledw. 

Campylopus.  —  I'laut,  calyplia,  cMpsulu  with  calyi)tra  and  operculum, 
and  Luo  ItM'lh  of  tlic-  poristtjuic,  of  (.'.  Jlcriiomis,  Jirid, 

Leptotrichum.  -  Plant,  ralyptia.  capsule  with  operculum,  and  three 
tc«'tli  of  tiic  perislouje,  of  L.  lorlile,  Muell. 

Conomitrium.  —  Plant,  calyptra,  capsule  and  operculum  together 
Willi  llie  ix'dieel  and  perichietial  leaves,  and  throe  teetii  of  the  peri- 
stome, of  a.  JiiUanuin,  Mont. 

Trematodon.  —  IMant,  calyptra,  capsule  with  operculum  and  apophy- 
sis, and  two  tetith  of  the  peristome,  of  T.  longicuUis,  Michx. 


m 


Plate  II. 

Leucobryum.  —  Plant,  calyptra,  capsule  with  operculum,  capsule 
wlien  dry,  and  two  2-^)arted  teeth  of  the  peristome,  of  L.  vuljare, 
Ilanipe. 

Dicranum.  —  Plant,  calyptra.  capsule  with  operculum,  and  two  2-parted 
teetli  of  the  peristome,  of  JJ.  ><c(>p(triiiiii,  Iledw. 

Desmatodon.  —  Plant,  ealyptm,  operculum,  capsule,  nioutli  of  same 
with  ix'ristome,  and  two  2-parted  teeth  with  a  portion  of  the  annulus, 
of  I).  i)lhitli()bius,  .Sulliv.  &  Lesq. 

Didymodon.  —  Plant,  calyptra,  operculum,  capsule,  and  two  teeth  of 
the  peristome  with  a  portion  of  the  annulus,  of  B.  ruhcUus,  liruch 
&  Sehinip. 

Elustichia.  —  Plants,  a  plant  enlarged,  male  flower,  an  antheridiura, 
fertile  (lower,  and  section  of  tlie  leaf,  of  E.  Norvcjica,  Drid. 

Distichium.  — Plant,  portion  of  stem  and  leaves  enlarged,  calyptra, 
capsule  with  operculum,  and  two  teetli  of  the  peristome  with  a  part  of 
the  ;innuhis,  of  J).  cdpUlaceHin,  lirueh  &  Schimp. 

Pottia.  —  Plants,  capsule  with  calyptra  and  operculum,  and  capsule 
with  tlie  operculum  attached  only  by  the  columella,  of  P.  tnincata, 
Fuern. 

Syrrhopodon. — Plant,  capsule  with  calyptra  and  opercuhim.  opercu- 
lum, and  liiree  teeth  of  the  peristome,  of  S.  Floriduniis,  Sulliv. 

Schlotheimia.  —  Plant,  capsule  with  operculum,  sani(!  covered  by 
the  calyi)lra,  lower  portion  of  liie  calyptra,  and  pint  of  the  peri- 
stome (one  tooth  and  two  cilia),  of  .S.  >Sidlhi(iniu,  Muell. 

Tetraphis.  —  Plant,  capsule  with  calyptra,  operculum,  and  entire  peri- 
stome, of  T.  pclhtcldd,  Iledw. 

Ptychomitrium.  —  Plant,  calyptra,  operculum,  capsule  with  peristome 
and  portion  of  the  annulus,  and  two  teeth  of  the  peristome,  of  P.  in- 

ci'.rcniii,  Sulliv. 

Drummondia.  —  Plant,  calyptra,  capsule  with  calyptra  and  opercu- 
lum, opereuhun,  two  teeth  of  the  peristome,  and  three  spores,  of  D. 
cldvc'Uata,  lloolt. 

Bncalypta. — Plant,  capsule  covered  by  the  calyptra,  capsule  with 
operculum,  dry  capsiUe,  and  three  teeth  of  the  peristome  with  a  part 
of  the  annulus,  of  F.  rhabdocarpa,  Schwaegr. 

Amphoridium  {asZyrfodon).  — Plant,  calyptra,  capsule  with  opercu- 
lum, and  drietl  capsule,  of  A.  Lapponicmn,  Schinip. 

Macromitrium.  —  Plant,  calyptra,  capsule,  and  mouth  of  same 
with  the  annular  peristome,  of  M.  SiilUvantii,  Muell. 


EXPLANATION  OF  THE  PLATES. 


417 


QriXDmia  (f^chhtldhtm). — Plant,  ralyptra,  rapsule  with  oalyptra  and 
oinMculiitn,  operciilmii  with  cohiiiiella,  ami  two  Luoth  of  the  peristome, 
of  G.  apucuipti,  lloiiw. 

Grimmia. —  Plant,  caprtidc  with  calyptra,  and  two  teetli  of  the  peri- 
stome witli  part  of  the  aiimihi.s,  of  (/.  Icncopfacd,  (Irev. 

Racomitrium.  —  Plant,  capsule  with  calyptra,  operculuin,  and  one 
2-parteii  tooth  of  the  peristome  with  a  porlion  of  the  unnulus,  of  R, 
aviciildrc,  lii'u\. 

Hedwigia.  —  Plant,  calyptra,  capsule  with  operculum,  and  dried  cap- 
sule, of  //.  cilidUi,  Eluh. 

Ulota.  —  IMant,  calyptra,  operculum,  capsule  with  calyptra,  dried  cap- 
sule, and  portion  of  the  peristome  (two  pairs  of  teeth  and  three 
ciha),  of  U.  llutclUnniai,  Scliimp. 


Plate  III. 

Buxbaumia.  —  Plant,  calyptra,  capsule  with  operculum,  mouth  of  cap- 
sule with  peristome,  and  operculum  with  part  of  columella,  of  Jo. 
ap/njlld.  Linn. 

Diphyscium.  —  Plant,  calyptra,  capsule,  peristome,  and  onorculuna 
wiih  part  of  columella,  of  IJ.  folionum,  Mohr. 

Atrichuin.  —  Plant,  calyptra  and  its  point  more  magnified,  capsule 
with  operculum,  and  peristome  with  epiphragm,  of  A.  anguslatum, 
Bruch  &  ychimp. 

Pogonatum.  —  Plant,  hairy  calyptra  covering  the  capsule,  capsule  with 
operculum,  peristome  with  epiphragm  and  four  teeth,  of  P.  urnige- 
ruw,  lieauv. 

Polsrtrichum.  —  Plant,  hairy  calyptra  covering  th<  capsule,  capsule 
witli  operculum,  dried  capsule,  and  three  teeth  ol  ihe  peristome,  of 
P.  coimnvnc,  Linn. 

Bartramia.  —  Plant,  capsule  with  calyptra  and  operculum,  dried  cap- 
sule, operculum,  and  portion  of  tlie  peristome,  of  B.  pomiforinii, 
Iledw. 

Mnium.  —  Plant,  capsule  with  operculum,  and  portion  of  the  peristome 
(two  toeth,  three  perforated  segments,  and  five  cilia),  of  3/.  cusptda- 
tum,  Iledw. 

Conostomum.  —  Plant,  capsule  with  calyptra  and  operculum,  and 
peristome,  of  C.  boreale.  Swartz. 

Meesia.  —  Plant,  a  flower  (of  two  antheridia,  two  archegonia,  and  four 
paraphyses),  capsule  witli  operciiluui,  same  without  operculum  and 
dry,  and  two  teeth  and  two  inner  segments  of  the  peristome  with  a 
part  of  the  annulus,  of  M.  lonyiseta,  Iledw. 

Funaria.  —  Plant,  capsule  with  calyptra  and  operculum,  same  with 
operculum  only,  operculum,  and  an  entire  tooth  of  the  peristome 
with  the  bases  of  two  broken  teeth  opposite  to  two  cilia,  of  F.  hygrch 
metrica,  Sibth. 

Aulacomnion. —  Plant,  calyptra,  capsule  with  operculum,  dried 
capsule,  and  part  of  the  peristome  (two  teeth,  one  segment  split 
along  the  middle,  and  two  cilia),  of  A.  heterostichuin,  Bruch  & 
Sell  imp. 

Timmia. — Plant,  calyptra  attached  to  the  pedicel,  capsule  with  oper- 
culum, dried  capsule,  and  one  tooth  of  the  peristome  with  several 
appendiculate  divisions  of  the  segments  united  by  fours  and  a  portion 
of  the  annulus,  of  T.  meyapolitana,  Hedw. 


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418 


EXPLANATION  OF  TUE  PLATES. 


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Plate  IV. 

Entosthodon.  — Plants,  calyptra,  capsule  with  oporouluin,  mouth  of 
capsule  Willi  ciitiro  peristome,  and  three  of  tlio  teeth  with  part  of  the 
aunuliiH,  of  E.  JJruminondii,  bulliv. 

Physcomitrium.  —  Plant,  same  enlarged,  ealyptra,  capsule,  and  oper- 
culum with  columella,  of  P.  iinmermtin,  Sulliv. 

Aphanorhegma.  —  Pl.mt,  same  enlarged,  calyptra,  capsule,  and  oper- 
culum, of  A.  Kcrratuin,  .Sulliv. 

Tetraplodon.  —  Plant,  calyptra  with  operculum,  calyptra,  capsule 
with  its  long  apopliysis,  and  four  teeth  of  the  peristome  in  pairs,  of 
T.  (tUHtralis,  Sulliv.  &  Lesc}. 

Splachnum.  —  Plants,  calyptra  (entire  and  tipped  with  the  style),  cai>- 
siilc  with  operculum  and  parapliysis,  operculinn,  mouth  of  cai>.sulo 
with  the  rellexed  teeth  of  the  peiistome  and  exserled  capitate  volu- 
mtilla,  and  two  teeth,  of  <S.  (tminilluicuin,  Linn. 

Coscinodon.  —  Plant,  plant  enlarged,  calyptra,  capsule  with  calyptra 
and  operculum,  same  with  operculum  only,  and  two  teeth  of  the  peri- 
stome with  part  of  the  annulus.  of  C.  Wriiildii,  .Sulliv. 

Dichel3niia.  —  Plant,  perichajtial  leaves  with  capsule  laterally  emer- 
gent, capsule  with  calyptra  and  operculum,  '/pficulum.  and  two  teeth 
of  the  peristome  wilii  two  cilia  connected  at  the  apex  by  cross-bars, 
of  IJ.  cnpUlaccuni;  llruch  &  Schimp. 

Pontinalis.  —  Plant,  calyptra,  capsule  with  opercuhnn,  same  immersed 
in  tl\(!  pt'richsetial  leaves,  operculum  and  peristome  (the  inner  a  tes- 
sellated cone),  of  F.  antlpyreticn,  Linn. 

Anacamptodon.  —  Plant,  calyptra,  capsule  with  operculum,  dried 
«;apsule,  operculum,  and  two  entire  teeth  of  the  peristome  with  the 
base  of  a  third  reflexed  and  three  cilia-like  segments,  of  A.  splach- 
noidcs,  Urid. 

Fabronia.  —  Plant,  calyptra,  capsule  with  operculum,  operculum,  and 
two  teeth  of  the  periston»e,  of  F.  liacenelil,  Sulliv. 

Antitrichia.  —  Plant,  calyptra,  capsule  with  operculum,  operculum, 
and  two  teeth  of  the  peristome  with  three  segments,  of  A.  cuvtipan- 
dula,  Brid. 

Leptodon.  —  Plant,  capsule  with  calyptra,  capsule  with  operculum  and 
pedicel  and  perichaetial  leaves,  and  two  teeth  of  the  peristome,  of  L. 
Ofiloensis,  Sulliv. 

Bryum.  —  Plant,  an  hermaphrodite  flower  (of  two  antheridia,  two  arche- 
gonia,  and  four  paraphyses),  capsule  witli  operculum,  ami  part  of  the 
peristome  (one  tooth,  one  perforated  segment,  and  three  appeudicu- 
late  cilia),  of  B.  bimum,  Schreb. 

Pylaisia.  —  Plant,  calyptra,  capside  with  operculum,  and  portion  of  the 
})eristome  (three  teeth  with  agglutinate  segments),  of  P.  intricata, 
IJruch  &  Schimp. 

Leucodon.  —  Plant,  capsule  with  calyptra  and  operculum,  capsule  with 
operculum  and  perichictial  leaves,  operculum,  and  three  of  the  per- 
forated teeth  of  the  outer  peristome  with  the  inner  annular  membrane, 
of  L.  julaceus,  Sulliv. 


Plate  V. 

Homalothecium.  —  Plant,  capsule  with  calyptra  and  operculum,  oper- 
culum, and  three  teeth  of  the  outer  peristome  with  fragments  of  the 
inner  membrane  and  a  part  of  the  annulus,  of  11.  subcapillatum,  Sulliv. 


EXPLANATION"  OF  THE  PLATES. 


419 


Platygryrium.  —  Plant,  capsule  with  calyptra  and  oporoulum,  oper- 
culiiiii,  and  four  tcotli  ot'  tlit;  peristuuu;  wiili  as  many  sc.^iMi'iUii  anil  a 
quarLtT  of  ilit;  huge  aiuiulus,  of  I*.  rnniiH,  Hrudi  iV:  .Srlanip. 

Cylindrothecium.  —  I'lanl,  capsule  with  calyptra  ami  operculum,  and 
two  iccth  of  the  peristome  with  one  scijmenl,  of  C,  vUulonhizana, 
Schimp. 

Myurella.  —  I'lant,  two  capsules  with  opcrcula,  and  two  teeth  of  the 
l)eiistoine  with  a  segineui  aud  three  cilia,  of  M.  t'urt  i/dna,  hulliv. 

Leskea.  —  I'huit,  capsule  w  ith  calyptra  and  operculiuu.  operculiun,  five 
entire  teeth  of  the  peristoiue  with  the  bases  of  three  biokeu  ones  and 
three  se;,Muents,  and  a  tooth  more  eulari^ed  with  a  seguu'Ut  and  part 
of  the  basilar  membninu  and  part  of  llie  aiuiulus,  of  L.  obscuru, 
Jledw. 

Clasmatodon.  —  IMant,  capsule  with  calyptra  and  operculum,  two 
opercuia.  portion  of  the  single  peristome  with  part  of  the  annulus, 
ami  verticil  s(;ction  through  ilie  peristome,  of  (/.  purnihts,  JSulliv. 

Cryphsea.  —  I'lant,  pericluelhun  enclosing  the  capsule  with  its  calyptra 
and  operculum,  calyptra,  capsule  with  operculum  i)arlly  removed, 
two  teetii  of  the  peristome  with  three  segments  and  a  part  of  the 
annulus,  and  two  spores,  of  (J.  ijlomcrata,  iJruch  &  Sciiimp. 

Pterygophylltim  (as  Ilookeria).  —  Plnnt,  calyptra,  capsule  with  oper- 
culuui,  ami  two  teeth  of  the  peristome  with  two  segments,  of  P.  lucens, 
IJrid. 

Climacium.  —  Plant,  calyptra,  capsule  with  oporculuin,  operculum, 
and  two  teeth  and  two  segments  of  the  peristome,  of  (,'.  Aiticricanwn, 
IJrid. 

Neckera. — Plant,  portion  of  stem  with  male  flower  and  pericha)tium 
enclosing  the  capsule,  capsule  with  calyptra  and  operculum  in  con- 
nection with  the  vaginule  and  paraphyses  of  the  pericluetial  branch, 
and  two  teeth  of  the  peristome  with  three  rudimentary  segments,  of 

JV.  pf'nnala,  Iledw. 

Auomodon.  —  Plant,  capsule  with  calyptra  and  operculum,  and  two 
teetli  of  liie  peristome  with  the  inner  membrane  and  a  part  of  the 
annulus,  of  A.  ohtnxlfolinx,  Uruch  &  ISchimp. 

Homalia.  —  Plant,  calyptra,  capstde  with  operculum,  and  i^art  of  the 
peristome  (one  tooth,  two  segments,  one  cilium,  and  part  of  the  annu- 
lus), of  Ilypnum  Wriyhtii,  iSulliv.  (which  agrees  with  Iloinalia  so  far 
as  represented). 

Hypnum  {lirarhj/thechnn). —  'lant,  calyptra,  two  capsules  with  opcr- 
cula, and  part  of  the  peristome  (one  tooth,  one  segment,  and  two 
cilia,  with  part  of  the  annulus),  of  //.  salebrosuin,  Iloffm. 

Plate  VI. 

Thelia.  —  Plant,  calyptra,  capsule  with  operculum,  and  three  teeth  of 
the  peristome  with  three  segments  of  the  inner  membrane,  of  T.  hir- 
tella,  Sulliv.  —  {Sidlicant.) 

Hypnum  (Enrlnjnchinm). — Plant,  and  capsule  with  operculum,  of  H. 
crUK.'iinen'iHin,  Tayl. 

Hypnum  {Plnfnoth€rhim).  —  'P\a.nt,  and  capsule  with  operculum,  of 
//.  denticnlatitw ,  Linn. 

Hypnum  {Ainblysterjium).  — Plant,  and  capsule  with  operculum,  of  H. 
serpens,  Linn. 

Hypnum  {Psendoleskea).  — Plant  of  H.  atrovirens,  Dicks.  Two  seg- 
ments of  the  inner  peristome  with  two  cilia,  of  //.  catenulatum,  Brid. 


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420 


EXPLANATION  OF  TOE  PLATES. 


I*terogronium.  —  Plant,  capsule  with  calyptra.  and  two  tcetli  of  the 
l)erl.>Lome  with  Ihreo  segiumils,  of  1'.  ijiacilc,  Swuitz. 

Hypnum  ( IHiynchoHteyium).  —  Vlsml  unci  capsule,  wiih  operculum,  of 
JI,  UciiiuH.HUin,  Wils. 

Hypnum  {T/iuidiuin). — Plant,  and  branch-leaf  enlarged,  of  //.  taina- 
riacihiim,  lludw. 

Hypnum  Crhuinniuin).  —Plant  of  //.  alopccuvum,  Linn. 

Hypnum  (Hi/locomiain).  —Plant,  and  capsule  with  operculum,  of  //. 
tKluurruHuiK,  Linn. 

Hypnum,  proper.  —  Portion  of  a  stem  of  II.  callichroum,  Drld. 


GLOSSARY. 


Abortive  ;  not  fully  developed;  im- 
ptMl'ortly  loniit'il. 

Acfovarpi :  mosses  with  the  fruit 
tcriiiiiiui  iipoii  til*;  main  slt'iu. 

Aciniiiiidt.r  ;  taiicr-poiiiti'd. 

Acntutc, ;  slij^liily  poiiitiHl. 

Acuta;  sliiuply  ijoiiited,  but  more 
or  less  {ibriii)lly. 

Adnalc ;  joiiu'd  logcllier;  congeni- 
tully  adlicrt'iit. 

Alar  (cells);  those  at  the  basal 
angli^s  of  a  leaf. 

Aldtc ;  wiugcil. 

Androfiyuun.H  ;  uilh  male  and  fe- 
miile  flowers  in  the  sann  Ulster 
of  leaves. 

Aunnlita  ;  tlie  ring  of  cells  l)ctweon 
the  base  of  thu  jk  lisiunie  or  ori- 
fice of  the  capsule  and  the  ojier- 
culuin. 

Ant/ierldimii,  (plural)  Aidhcvidia ; 
elavate  oblong  vesicles,  analogous 
to  the  anthers  of  llowering  plants. 

Apical ;  at  or  belonging  to  the  apex. 

Apindate ;  with  an  abrupt  short 
acute  point. 

ApophijHatc  ;  witli  an  apophysis. 

ApopfiyHiH ;  an  onlargemenl  of  the 
pedicel  at  the  ba'^e  of  the  capsule. 

Appindicnlntc  {c\\\i\)\  with  small, 
transverse  spurs  attached  at  inter- 
vals to  the  margin. 

Arc/ie<jiiniiii)i,  (plural)  ArrfiPfionia; 
long-necked  vesicles,  analogous 
to  the  pistils  of  flowering  plants. 

Arcuate,  or  arc/icd;  bent  like  a  bow. 

Areolie  ;  the  spaces  enclosed  with- 
in the  cells  of  the  leaves. 

Artolnfion  ;  arrangement  and  form 
of  the  areohe. 

ArMa  ;  a  short  bristly  awn. 

Aristate  ;  bearing  a  short  awn. 

Articulate ;  marked  or  joined  by 
cross-bars,  joints,  or  articulatioTis. 

Attenuated ;  tapering  to  a  slender 
extremity. 

Avriculate ;  furnished  with  auri- 
cles or  ear-like  appendages  at  the 
base. 


Avtop.cloua  (in  florescence);  each 
flower,  nuih;  and  female,  in  a 
sei)arate  involucre  or  cluster  of 
leaves. 

Axil ;  the  point  of  union  of  the 
iilHU'r  side  of  a  leaf  «ilh  the  stem. 

Axillary  ;  situuled  in  an  axil. 

Barren  (flower);  containing  anthc- 

ridia  oidy. 
lieak  ;  prolonged  narrow  tip  of  tho 

operculum. 
liijarlouH ;  two-ranked. 
Jiijid ;    two-cleft    to     about     the 

middle. 
liij'urcate ;      forking      into      two 

branches. 
llvjeiidnatc  ;  doubly-paired,  or  four 

togetlier. 
liipartite ;  two-parted. 
JiisexKdl ;  havi'ig  antheridia  and 

archegonia  in  the  same  involucre. 

See  ISyua'cioits. 
Jiistriate;  marked  with  two  parallel 

lines  or  slriie. 

Cah/ptra  ;  theliood  or  nicnd)ranou9 
covering  of  the  capsule  and  oper- 
cidum. 

Cauijxnmlatc ;  bell-shaped. 

(Jam (Hate ;  latticed;  nisembllng 
lattice-work. 

Capitate;  having  a  globose  head- 
like apex. 

Cajiittdinii ;  a  small  head;  a  close, 
dense  clust(;r  of  leaves. 

Capdulifortn  ;  having  the  form  of 
a  small  head. 

Ca)>}<iilc  ;  the  fiuit,  or  case  bearing 
the  spores. 

Carinate ;  keeled. 

Vaidescent ;  having  a  stem. 

Cauline  ;  growing  on  or  pertaining 
to  the  stem. 

Cells,  or  celltdes  ;  the  vesicles  com- 
posing the  substance  of  the  leaf 
or  the  areolation. 

Cernuous ;  nodding,  with  the  sum- 
mit somewhat  inclined. 

421 


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422 


GLOSSARY. 


i' 


if  .1 


Cespitose ;  forming  matted  tufts. 
C/dorophijU ;  the  green  matter  in 

the  cells  of  leaves. 
Vlih)i'n[)hijllusc ;  containing  cliloro- 

pliyll. 
Ciltiuii,    (plural)    Cilia;    hair-like 

divisions   between   the  segments 

(.f  tlie  inner  leiistouie,  or  slender 

hairs  on  the  bortlers  of  tlie  leaves. 
Circimitc.  ;  rolled  inward  from  the 

lip  into  a  circle  or  spiral. 
Cirr/iose  ;  witli   a  very  narrow  or 

hair-like  wavy  point. 
C7^<(?ocrn7)t ;  mosses  having  the  fruit 

terminal  on  short  lateral  branches. 
Claiinlc  ;  club-shaped. 
Close;  appressed  (of  leaves). 
Colluni ;  the  neck  or  tapering  base 

of  the  capsule. 
Colnuu'Ua  ;  the  central  axis  around 

which   are  placed  the  spores  in 

the  c;ipsuli>. 
Comal  or  comose;  tufted  at  the  apex. 
Coniplnnnte. ;  llattened;  lying  in  the 

saini'  plane. 
Covfi'ivoid ;  thread-like,  ordiflf  usely 

lilauuMitose.  like  a  Votifcrtut. 
Conjlnoil. ;   blended  together;    co- 

Ihucii:. 
Conijd'c  ;  united  or  grown  together 

from  tht!  Mr-t. 
Coniiii^cut ;    dir"c;od    all    together 

toward  a  common  centre. 
Conntri(  fed  ;   su  Idenly  contracted 

in  widtii,  not  at  the  extremity. 
Contracted;    narrowed    or    short- 
ened. 
Conroliite  ;  rolled  up  lengthwise. 
(^nrdittc  ;  heart-shaj)ed. 
Coriaceous  ;  of   thick  texture,  like 

leather. 
(Cortex, ;   the  outer  integinnent  of 

stems. 
Cortical ;  belonging  to  the  cortex. 
('o.stu  ;  the  niL'dial  nerve  or  rib  of  a 

leaf. 
Crenate ;   having  the  borders  cut 

into  small  obtuse  teeth. 
Crihroxe  ;  perforated  like  a  sieve, 

with  small  apertures. 
(  rispate  ;  curled  or  bent  in  various 

directiona. 
('aciillale ;  hood-shaped,  rolled  tip 

like  a  cornet  of  paper;  as  applied 

to  the  calyptra,  conical  and  cleft 
on  one  side. 
CuUriform ;    like  the  blade  of    a 

knife. 
Cuneate ;  wedge-shaped,  with  the 

angle  downward. 
Cupulifonii ;  shaped  like  a  dome. 


Cuspidate;  tapering  to  a  stout 
acute  point. 

Deciduous  ;  falling  off  easily. 

Decumbent ;  reclined  on  the  ground, 
the  sunnuit  teniliiig  to  rise. 

Decurrent  (leaves);  the  borders 
prolonged  downward  upon  the 
stem. 

D<Jlexed  ,  bent  downward. 

Dejlnent ;  running  downward. 

Dehiscent;  opening  or  splitting 
open. 

Dendroid  ;  tree-like  in  form  or  ap- 
pearance. 

Dentate  ;  toothed. 

Denticulate  ;  with  small  teeth. 

Deoperculate  ;  applieil  to  a  capsule 
aft(!r  its  lid  has  falle:'  off. 

Diaphanous  ;  transparent  or  trans- 
lucent. 

Diaphragm;  a  dividing  membrcme 
or  i)ariition. 

Dichotoinous  ;  two-forked. 

Dimidiate  ;  split  on  one  side. 

Dimorphous  ;  of  two  forms. 

Diwcious;  with  the  niali'  and  female 
flowers  on  sepuratr  I'lants. 

Disei.i'orin  ;  shajjcd  like  a  flat  disk. 

Distichous;  in  two  opposite  rows; 
two-ranked. 

Divaricate ;  widely  spreading  and 
divergent. 

Divided  ;  cleft  to  the  base. 

Divisural  (line);  the  line  tlown  the 
teeth  of  the  peristome  by  which 
they  split. 

Dorsal  ;  i)laced  on  the  back  or 
outer  surface  of  the  leaves. 

Ducts;  narrow  linear  ceils  resem- 
bling vessels,  sei)arating  the  cel- 
lules of  the  leaves  of  Sphajnuin. 

Fcostate ;  without  costa. 

Emarijinate ;  notched  at  the  sum- 
mit. 

Emeriient  (capsules);  rising  slightly 
above  the  pcriclurtium. 

Epiphraijm  ;  membrane  covering 
the  orifice  of  the  capsule. 

Equal  (capsule);  synuneti'ical. 

Eradiculose ;  without  rootlets. 

Erase;  irregularly  notched,  as  if 
gnawed. 

Excurrent  ;  extending  beyond  the 
apex  of  the  leaf. 

Exscrted ;  protruding  above. 

Falcate  (leaves);  scythe-shaped; 
strondy  curved  and  more  or  less 
folded. 


ap- 


GLOSSARY. 


423 


Fascicle  ;  a  close  cluster  of  leaves 

on  a  very  short  branch. 
Fasciculate  (branohet;);  chisters  of 

short  lattM'al  unequal  branches. 
Faatl'iiate  ;  having  the  branches  of 

equal  height,  in  close  clusters. 
Fertile  (tluwer);  with  archegonia, 

or  trnit-bcaring. 
Fibrils ;  small   fibres  or  filaments 

luiing  the  utricles  of  <S/>/aty/i«m. 
Filijoriit ;  thrciid-like. 
Fimbriate ;  fringed. 
Fissile  ;  easily  split  or  divided. 
Fistulose  ;  hollow  ami  cylindrical. 
Fl((<j(  inform  ;    long,    narrow,    and 

flexible,  like  the  lash  of  a  whip. 
Flavcscent ;   yellowish  or  turning 

yellow. 
Frondi/onn ;    like    the    leaves    of 

ferns;    having  stem    and  leaves 

fused  in  one. 
Frondose  ;  frond-bearing,  or  like  a 

frond. 
Fugacious  ;  soon  falling  away. 
Fusiform  ;  spindle-shaped. 

Geminate  ;  twin;  in  pairs. 
Gemma,  (plural)   Gemmm;  a  bud; 

loose  granular  bodies  capable  of 

becoming  plants. 
Gemmule  ;  a  ^mall  bud. 
Gemmaceous ;  bearing  yemmoB. 
Gemmiforiu  ;  shaped  like  a  bud. 
Geiiindute ;    suddenly  bent  at  an 

angle. 
Gibbous ;  more  tumid  on  one  side 

than  on  the  other. 
Gl'tucoiis  ;  covered  with  a  bloom 

or  pulverulent. 
Granulated;  rough ish  on  the  sur- 
face. 
Grauuliferons ;       bearing      small 

grains. 
Granulose;  resembling  small  grains. 
Grenarious;    growing   in  clusters, 

but  not  matted  together. 
GynniostotiiP ;  with  the  orifice  of  the 

capsule  nakeil ;  without  peristome. 

Tfnmate ;  hooked. 

Jldinulosc;  bearing  or  formed  into 

small  hooks. 
7i'(.-7"'(/ ,'    bristly;    beset  with  stiff 

liairs. 
IIoino)nnllnHH    (leaves);     bent     or 

curved  all  to  one  side. 
ITyuUnc  ;  transparent. 
Jlyf/rnsropic;  sensitive  to  moisture; 

moving  when  moistened  or  dried. 
Hypn'/ynous  ;  inserted  at  the  base 

of  the  pistil. 


Imhricdted  ;  overlapping  each  other 
like  tiles  or  shingles  on  a  roof. 

Immurninate ;  witliout  margin. 

Immersed  (capsule);  covered  over 
and  concealed  by  tlie  leaves  of 
the  perichaitium. 

Incumbent;  leaning  or  resting  upon. 

Inde/iiseent ;  not  splitting  open  or 
dehiscent. 

Injiexed ;  bent  inward. 

Inflorescence  ;  the  arrangement  of 
the  flowers. 

Innovation;  a  young  shoot;  a  sup- 
plementary extension  of  the  stem. 

Involucral ;  belonging  to  the  invo- 
lucre. 

Involucre  ;  a  whorl  of  leaves  around 
a  flower. 

Irre'julur ;  unsymmetric. 

Julaceous ;  resembling  a  slender 
glossy  worm ;  ament-like. 

Laciniw;  slender  lobes  or  segments. 

Lacinidte  ;  cut  into  deep  narrow 
segments  or  shreds. 

Lacunose  ;  perforated  with  holes. 

Lamella  ;  a  small  thin  plate,  or 
thin  narrow  projection. 

Lamellate ;  consisting  of  small 
plat<'s  or  lamelhe. 

Lamelliform  ;   like  lamellie. 

Lamina ;  the  substance  of  a  leaf, 
excepting  tlie  nerve:  the  terminal 
part  of  the  leaf  in  Fissidcns. 

Lanreolute  ;  lance-shaped. 

Latticed;  see  Cancellate. 

Lid;  the  cover  of  the  orifice  of  the 
capsule;  the  operculum. 

Lifjulatc;  strajvshapeu. 

Linnuiform,  or  Lingulate;  tongue- 
shaped. 

Lorate;  thong-shaped. 

MKcrosporcs;  spores  of  large  size, 
in  opposition  to  microspores,  in 
mosses  with  two  kinds  of  spores. 

Mamillfite;  tipped  with  a  small 
nipple. 

Marnin  (of  a  leaf);  a  border  of 
ceils  of  pe;'uliar  shaiH'  or  color. 

Medullary ;  pertaining  to  the  pith 
of  steiiis. 

Mlcrnsiiores;  small  spores.  See 
Macro'<pores. 

Microsfojiie  ;  having  a  small  mouth 
>)r  orifice. 

Midrib;  middle  nerve  of  a  leaf. 

Mitrif(n'ir.;  mitre  shajied;  in  the 
form  of  a  peaked  cap;  conical, 
with  sojnewhat  narrowed  orifice. 


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424 


GLOSSARY. 


fn 


Moncecioux;  with  male  and  female 
flowers  on  Mie  same  plant,  but 
not  in    .16  same  receptacle. 

Macro;  un  abrupt  short  point  con- 
tinuous Willi  tlie  costa. 

Mmrouate. ;  tipped  witlj  a  mucro. 

Mucronulate ;  with  a  very  smuil 
mucro. 

MuUiJid;  many-parted,  or  many 
times  divided  for  a  portion  of  the 
length. 

JUui'tcate;  having  the  surface 
rough  with  short  hard  points. 

Muticoui<;  pointless,  blunt. 

Neck;  see  CoUum. 
Nerve;  see  Midrib. 
Noduise,  Nodulose;  knotty. 

Obconical;  conical  inversed.  Oh 
pielixed  to  words  usually  signifies 
mversion. 

Obovute;  inverted  ovate,  the  nar- 
low  «'nd  at  I  he  base. 

Obnolete ;  scarcely  apparent. 

Oiierctduiii;  see  Lid. 

Ovale;  shaped  like  an  egg. 

Paiidnri/orm ;  fiddle-shaped. 

Pupilhtie.  I'apilliifie;  covered  with 
small  nii)plc-shaped  protuber- 
ances {i)ai)illa'). 

Pur(fi>fn/Uiu;  small  thin  leaves  or 
liair-like  appendages  attached  to 
the  stem. 

Pnrdphyxale ;  liaving  paraphyses. 

Parap/ii/ses;  minulc  jointed  fila- 
ments, accompanying  the  arclie- 
gonia  and  antheridia. 

Pdvencfn/niafotis ;  composed  of 
broad  cells  applied  end  to  end. 

Parcrcioiis;  witli  male  and  female 
flowers  placed  close  together. 

Patent;  spieadiim  open. 

Pertinute;  divided  or  branched 
like  a  cond). 

Pedicel;  the  stnlk  of  the  capsule. 

Pedieellate;  furnislied  with  a  ped- 
icel. 

Pendid'Mifi;  somewhat  hanging  or 
drooping,  more  so  than  eernn- 
oits. 

Ptmirrent  (costa);  extending 
through  the  entire  length  of  the 
lenf.  ■■ 

Perforate:  pierced  with  holes. 

Periclia'tiiiiii;  tlio  involucre  of  the 
female  flower;  the  duster  of 
leaves  at  t  be  base  of  the  pedicel  or 
of  the  capsule,  when  sessile,  autl 
surrounding  the  vaginn'e. 


Perigonium;  involucral  leaves  or 
scales  of  the  male  flower. 

Peristome;  fringe  of  teeth,  etc.,  at 
tlie  orifice  of  llie  capsule. 

Persinient;  not  easily  or  soon  fall- 
ing away. 

Plane ;  flat. 

Pleurocnrjii;  mosses  having  axil- 
lary flowers,  and  the  fruit  lateral 
upon  the  stems  or  branches. 

Plicate;  folded  lengthwise. 

Poti/tjanioufi;  with  barren  and  fer- 
tile flowers  variously  disposed  on 
the  same  plant. 

Pulijphylloux;  many-leaved. 

Primordial;  earliest  formed. 

Proeesses;  principal  divisions  of 
the  inner  peristome;  segments. 

iVoci/j(i6c»<,*trailingon  the  ground. 

Prulijcrous;  bearing  young  sliotits 
from  the  head  or  cluster  of 
flowers. 

Proseneln/matovs ;  composed  of 
narrow  cells  whose  entls  ovcilap 
each  other. 

Proihaliiiini;  confervoid  filaments 
arising  from  the  gernnnalion  of 
llie  spore,  or  in  some  mosses  pre- 
ceding the  formation  of  buds  by 
rootlets. 

P.seud(>})odiwn;  the  false  pedicel 
or  elongation  of  the  vaginule  sup- 
porting the  capsule  of  yj)li(i(i)iiiui; 
also  applied  to  the  gianules  of 
A  idaeonniiiiin. 

Pulrinule;  cushioned  or  shaped 
like  a  pillow. 

Punctate,  Puiictidate ;  nia'-ked 
with  small  opaque  dots. 

Puuctiform;  dot-like. 

Pyrij'orm;  iKjar-shaped. 

Quadrate;  square. 

Hadiclei^;  small  roofing  dlaments; 

ends  of  the  roots  or  rootlets. 
Uddiculo.se  ;  covered  wiih  railicles. 
Hinnose;  branching. 
liamnloae;  bearing  branchlets. 
Receptacle;  the  axis  or  support  of 

a  flower. 
licfle.red  ;  abruptly  bent  back. 
Ucpand;  wavy-margined. 
Riticnlafe;   with  veins  forming  a 

net-work;  mesh-like. 
Ttrtuse;  with  the  apex  not  only  ol>- 

tuse  but  somewhat  indented. 
Tihiznma;    creeping    subterranean 

stem. 
Unstellate;  having  a  short  beak. 
liostrate;  with  a  beak. 


GLOSSARY. 


42i 


Rosulate  (leaves);  in  a  cluster  regu- 
larly anangeil  like  a  iOsette. 
Rugose;  Avrinkled. 

Scabrous:  rough. 

ScdrioHs,  or  Scariose ;  thin,  dry, 
ami  iiuMubraiioiis. 

Seciind;  one-sided;  turned  to  one 
side. 

Se'jments;  divisions  or  leeLli  of  the 
inner  peristome. 

Semiti'fC'tc:  liiiU-cyiindrical. 

Sfrrate;  liaviiig  teeth  pointing  up- 
ward. 

Serraliite;  same  as  the  last,  but 
Willi  small  feetii. 

Set(i;  a  ])risile;  name  sometimes 
applied  to  tlie  pedicel. 

Sptdceoiis;   brisllc-Iike. 

Sheatfi,  Slu'dtliiir/;  the  base  of  a 
leaf  wrapped  around  the  stem 
like  a  sheath. 

Sjxitulntr;  shaped  like  a  spatula, 
narrowly  and  obtusely  obovate 
and  aiti'iuute  downwar.l. 

S}ycriu(itoz<)i(l'<;  active  organized 
bodies  in  the  antheri.lia,  anali;- 
gous  to  the  pollen  of  Uoweruig 
plants. 

Spiindnse;  thorny  ;  beset  with 
small  spines. 

Sponiirjinn;  tlie  spore-case  lining 
the  cavity  of  tin*  capsule;  often 
applied  to  the  whole  eapside. 

Spores;  ihestnall  round  bo  lies  con- 
tained in  the  capsule,  taking  iIk; 
place  of  see.ls. 

Sqnuiiii/onii;  shaped  like  a  scale. 

S'jiutrro^c;  spreading  o\miu  widely 
and  abruptly  from  the  axis. 

Squarrtilosi';  sli'j;ht,ly  sipiarrose. 

Steiioc'(rj)()iis;  having  the  capside 
opercul  ite. 

Stti>ttut<';  having  a  stipe  or  foot- 
stalk. 

Stipules;  appeuilages  at  the  base  of 
the  leaves. 

Stonid,  (plural)  Stnmntn;  brcntli- 
ing  pores,  especially  seen  upon 
the  capsules. 

Stouiatosc;  bearing  stomata. 

Striate;  ni  irked  with  iine  parallel 
lines  or  furrows. 

Strioliite;  diuiinutive  of  striate, 
liavin  :;  very  (iue  striie. 

Strnmofie;  with  a  struma  or  goitre- 
like  luisyuuuetrical  swelling  at 
the  base  of  the  cai)stde. 

Siih-;  a  pretix  KJixnifying  in  a  slight 
degree  or  si  ninvhat. 

Subulate;  awl-sliaped. 


Snicnfe;  longitudinally  grooved. 

Siirritlus;  a  leafy  upright  shoot 
from  the  rhizoina. 

Si/noecious;  havijig  antheridia  and 
archegonia  in  tlie  same  recep- 
tacle. 


Terete;  cylindrical,  sometimes  ta- 
pcuing. 

Te.ssellute;  checkered  in  little 
Sfpiares. 

TlidUns;  confervoid  filaments  in  tho 
early  stage  of  the  growth  of  a 
moss.    .See  Prothalliinii. 

Toinentose;  covered  with  down  or 
soft  inaLteil  hairs. 

Toriduse;  kuobby,  where  a  cylin- 
drical body  is  bwollcn  at  inter- 
vals. 

Trabecnlnte  (teeth);  with  horizon- 
tal prominent  crossbars  on  the 
inner  face. 

Trioleate;  ending  abruptly,  as 
though  cut  transversely. 

TiOiervle;  a  small  excrescence. 

Tnhulow;  tubular. 

Tumid;  swollen. 

T'Dnesrrnt:  sliglitly  swollen. 

Tnrl)iiiiite;  shaped  like  a  top. 

Tijinp'nd.f(>riii  ;  drum-like,  applied 
to  a  membrane  stretched  over  the 
orifice  of  the  capsule. 

Uinhonate;  boss(>d;  with  a  central 

projection     like  the    boss  of    a 

shield. 
Uneir ate;  hook-shaped. 
Uneif  lal ;  not  synunetrical. 
Unilateral;  one-side. i. 
Urreolatc ;  (•oulViU'UH\  :it  the  orifice; 

shai>eil  like  a  pitcher. 
Utrirlex;  the  large  colored  hyaline 

cells  of  the  leaves  of  y}i/fhjnuin. 

Var/indte;  sheathed;  surrotnided 
by  a  sheaMi  (rd'jina). 

V(((/iindn;  the  cellidar  sheath  sur- 
roundiilci  the  base  of  the  ])edi<Tl, 
ori'^iiially  the  lower  part  of  the 
archegonium. 

ViKjuelj/ ;  without  definite  order 
or  direction. 

Veriuiculdr;  worm-shaped;  thick- 
cylindric  and  curved. 

Verrucnse,  Verruenlose;  beset  with 
small  projections  like  warts. 

Verlieil:  a  whorl. 

VertiriUate;  whorled. 

Vesirulntic, nr  V^esiculnr ;  bladdery; 
formed  of  vesicles  or  small  air- 
cavities. 


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426 


GLOSS  AIIY 


Vessels;  ducts. 

Villous;   covered  with   soft   long 

liairs. 
Virescent;    greenish;   turning   to 

green. 


Wavy;  with  the  surf  ace  alternately 
convex  and  concave. 

Wing;  membranous  expansion  or 
basilar  border  of  the  leaf  pro- 
longed on  the  stem. 


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INDEX. 


Acaiilon  CarnioVcum,  Muell.,  42. 

Flarlci'uniiin,  Muell.,  4o. 

VIII  tint  in,  Muell..  40. 

rn/cxci'iiH,  Jaeger,  41. 

Sclniiiiicriuniiiii,  Sulliv.,  41. 

tri(jiirtriini,  ^luoU..  41. 

triij'ictnnn,  var.,  41. 
AciiOCAFtfi,  ;JG. 
Acyocliiiltiun  cuspidatum,  Lindb., 

404. 
Alsia,  Siilliv.,  ii',9. 

abietiiia,  hulliv..  280. 

Califoruiea,  8ulliv.,  "280. 

loiigil'.es.  Sulliv.  &  Lesq.,  280, 
Ainblyo  l()!i,  Hoauv..  211. 

(Icalltatiis.  Heauv.,  211. 
AinhlysteLiiuiM,  oTl. 
Ainbli/sfcjiiiiii,  .Schiinp.,  371. 

bturtitiii,  Liiulb.,  4(10. 

coii/crcoides,  IJruch  it  Schlnip., 


f>(.). 


cordifoUnin,  DoXot.,  403. 
ewjurium,  I/imib..  401. 
exiinnulntuDi,  Dt'Xot.,  3S4. 
Jiltciniiiii,  Lludb..  ."iSi). 
flnitdiitt,  DeNot.,  '^i^^il. 
fiiivi utile,   Bruch   cfe   Scliimp., 

37  1,  375. 
f/i'intiti'iiiit,  DeXot.,  40.{. 
'iviK'iJjii,  Brucli  it  .Schiiup.,  .380. 
li/copoilioidcn,  DeNot.,  385. 
oclirdceiiin.  Lindb.,  402. 
jniliislrc,  liiiidb.,  ;>•.»!>. 
pvh/i/dinnni,  Bruch  &  Scliimp., 

371). 
radi'-'ilc,    Bruch    &   Scliimp., 

373. 
rciiciifi,  van,  .373. 
rcrnlrrus,  DoXot.,  .384. 
HirlKtrd'.oiii,  Lindb.,  404. 
rip'iyiiun,    Bruch   cV:  Scliimp., 

377. 
snriiiPnfnsHm,  DeXot.,  403. 
scor}>ioid<'n,  Lindb..  407. 
Sfudtiieri,  Ijindb..  382. 
seriK'Hs,  Bnicli  it  Scliimp.,  373. 
serriitiim,   Bruch   &   Schiinp.. 

.370. 
Spi'ucei,  Bruch  &  Schimp.,  372. 


Amhlysterihim    straminetim,     De- 
Not., 40o. 

svhtilc,  Bruch  it  Schimp.,  372. 

tri/ariitin,  DeNot..  405. 

vaciUdUK,  Suiliv..  377. 

vi'ruirosiuii.  Liiull).,  .';85. 

W'ilsoni,  Lindb.,  ;]b'2. 
Amphoridiuin,  Scliimp.,  158. 

cicspitosuni,   Lesq.   it    James, 
100. 

Califoriiicum,  Lcs(}.  &  James, 
15!». 

Lapponicum.  Schimp. ,158, 410. 

ilougeolii,  St'hini]>.,  loi). 

Pt'ckii,  Siilliv.,  413. 

Snllivaiitii,  Lesq.  it  James,  l.W. 
Anacalypid  lutifolid,   Fiieru.,  103. 

Starkcmia,  Fiicrn.,  lO.'J. 
Anacamptodon,  Brid.,  2i!(). 

splachiioides,  Ihid.,  21)0,  418. 
Aiidreita,  Lhrh..  25. 

crassinervia.  Hiiirli,  26. 

petropliila.  Klirh.,  25. 

liotliii,  Wch.  it  Mohr.  2.5. 

rupeslris,  'rurii..  25,  415. 

riijieiitris,  lledw.,  25. 
Ani)I!K.ka>K/i;,  25. 
Angstro'iiii;!,  Bruch  it  Schimp.,  03. 

lon^ipes,  lliuch  it  Sciiiinp.,  03. 

}>(lliiri(l(i,  Muell.,  02. 

\\'(ihl(Hli( r,iii,  Miiill.,  01. 
Aiiisodcii     acnlirostri.s,     fe(;himp., 

2'.  17. 
Auisfttlii  c/inii  rris))inn,  liindb.,  05. 

(jlrcvillf  i.  Lindb,,  04. 

7'iihruiii.  Lindb,,  0(i. 

rv/cK veils,  Lindb,.  0(), 

Kijiti'i'rosinii.  I  iiidb..  05. 

vnriniii.  Mitt..  00. 
Anodus,  Bruch  it  Schinin.,  90. 

Doniamis,    IJriich  it  Schimp., 
DC). 
Ancfctariciiim,  Sdnvaccrr..  54. 

Perkii,  Siilliv.,  55, '413, 
Anomodoii,  Hook,  it  'I'ayl.,  .304. 

a'»icnlaius,  Bruch  it  Schimp,, 
'300, 

atleiiuatus.  liiiebcn.,  .305. 

Californicus,  licsq.,  3U6. 

427 


i! 


.ill , 
iii 


.';•  ti  * 


111 


\i  ■  'i  ■ 


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•  '■■  I 


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1 1: 


■  t, 


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1                 ^ 
i 

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• 

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■ . 

i 

h 

428 


INDEX. 


i 


Anoinodon  minor,  Fnorn.,  0O5. 

o'oliisifoliiis,  iJruoli  &  !Scliimp., 
aUi),  41'.). 

roatraHis,  Schiinp.,  30.'). 

'I'occo.e,  Siilliv.  &  Lesq.,  300. 

tristis,  8uliiv.,  ;>Jo. 

viticulusiis  ilook.  I*'-  Tayl.,300. 
Antitricliia,  IJii  I.,  ii'JU. 

(.'aliforiiiiM,  ."Sulliv.,  291. 

curtipt'ii.liil.i,  IJrid.,  2i)l,  418. 

ciU'tipcndnUi,  Siilliv.,  2U1. 
Apliaiioi'lit'giii.i,  ^S^I)liv■.,  10(5. 

scnalu'm.  J^iilliv.,  30,  100,  418. 
Archiiliiiin,  IJii.l.,  40. 

Domicilii,  AiisL.,  50. 

llallii,  AusL,  51. 

.LcKcnrii,  Aiist  ,  44. 

loii'^itoliuiu,   Les;i.   &   James, 
51). 

Oliiocnsp,  Schiinp.,  50,  415. 

j^hdHcoiilcs,  I)i-u:n;n.,  50. 

]>h(lnr()i(l('.i,  Siilliv.,  50. 

KaveMi'lii,  Aiisi.,  50. 

tentiiTJinuni,  Mitt.,  ."<0. 
Arctoafulcclli.  iJi-ncli  &.  Scl.imp., 
AstuinMin,  llampc,  51.  [08. 

crispuin,  Hampc,  51. 

Ia\  loviciaiiinii,  .Siilliv..  52. 

niLi.liiliiin,  Sciiiinp.,  52. 

Siillivaiitii,  Scliiiiii).,  52. 
Aiili'opliijll  nn.  Ni'clc,  242. 
Atric'liiiin,  IJcanv.,  255. 

an.,Mislat,nui,  iJrucli  &  Scliimp., 
25(;,  417. 

crispiiin,  .James,  257. 

Losciirii.  .James,  257. 

paralii'him.  Mitt.,  258. 

Sciwyiii,  AiHt..  250. 

un.l'.ilaliim,  Heanv.,  250. 

xantliopi'lnia,  Lesq.  &  James, 
257. 

AULACOAt.VIK.K,  251. 

Aulaooniiiium.  Sciiwaecrr.,  252. 
an.lroytyiuim.  Schwaei^r.,  2.52. 
heteros'iciiiim,     Driioh    & 

Seliim;).,  2"):',  417. 
paliHM'!',  Si'hwacij;!-. ,  252. 
papillosum,    Lesq.    tt    James, 

253. 
tnr^iilmn,  Schwaegr.,  253. 

Barbnla,  Iledw.,  115. 
agraili,  llelw..  12^. 
aiul)ij;ua,   Lriicli    &   Scliimp., 

110. 
amplexa,  liOsq.,  118. 
anoiwilti,  Druch  anil  Scliimp., 

110. 
artooarpa,  Le-sq.,  120. 
atronirrns,  Sehinrp.,  113. 
Beec!i('}/i,  Lesq.,  125. 


Barbula  TJolanderi,  Lesq.,  118. 
brachypliylla,  Sulliv.,  123. 
brac/n/iihi/lUt,  biilliv.  dc  Lesq., 

123. 
brevipes,  Lesq.,  lU). 
brevirooLiii,  Lrucli  &  Sclunap., 

115. 
caispitosa,  Schwaegr.,  129. 
caneellala,  Miiell.,  122. 
cliloronoU.s,  IJnicli,  110. 
cinhtita,  IJiid.,  120. 
Closleri,  Atist.,  127. 
convoltita,  Iledw.,  127. 
(Jriiegeri.  SundtM',  122. 
ciiiieilolia,  Brid.,  1 17. 
cyliiidrica,  Seliiiiip..  125. 
Doiuiellii,  Lesq.  cV:  Janies,  128. 
elala,  Diir.  &  Mont.,  125. 
faliax,  Iledw.,  121. 
falldjc,  Suiiiv.,  121. 
Jidlnx,  var..  122. 
tlexifolia,  Ilampe,  124. 
fragilis,  Hiucli  A:  Scliimp.,  129. 
gracilis,  S(;li\va(!gr.,  127. 
Giippini,  S'.'liimp.,  1 14. 
hiDiiiliH,  Iledw.,  120. 
inermis,  Muell.,  131. 
intermedia,  Lrid.,  133. 
Jooriana,  Muell.,  120. 
loevipila,  lirueluV  Scliimp.,  1.32. 
latifolia,  Brucli  it  Scliimp.,  1.32. 
marginata,  lirucli  &  Scliimp., 

118. 

lembranifolia,  Sclmltz,  110. 
nucronifolia.    Lriicli    & 

Scliimp.,  131. 
Muelleri    Briich    &    Schimp., 

133. 
mural  is.  Tiinm,  110. 
obtnsifolin,  Sclnvaegr.,  114. 
papillosa,  Muell.,  13-». 
purpurea,  Mu'll.,  123. 
Hani,  Anst..  1*_'S. 
lidccnrlii.  A  list.,  121. 
reciirvifolia,  Scliimp.,  122. 
rigida,  Sclmltz,  1  Hi. 
riijida,  Hedw.,  1 10. 
rigidula,  Scliimp.,  12.3. 
rubiginosa.  Mill.,  120. 
niralis.  IL^lw..  132. 
seiiiiforta,  Sulliv.,  126. 
squarros:!,  Drid.,  1:50. 
subfallax.  xMn<>ll.,  121. 
siibulata,  I5(>iiuv.,  130. 
.vihiildf.d,  var.,  131. 
tortuosa,  Wch.  &  Mohr,  120. 
nuguiciilata,  Iledw.,  120,  415. 
Vabliana.  Scliullz,  117. 
vinealis,  llrami,  124. 
viiwalis.  viir.,  125. 
virescens,  Lesq.,  124. 


INDEX. 


429 


Bartramia,  ITedw.,  203. 

calcurea,  ISiucii   &    Schimp., 

21U. 
conoHtoina,  Brucli  &  Schimp., 

207. 
crispa.  Swartz,  200. 
fontana,  ISwartz,  209. 
gracilis,  Floerk*;,  ::0G. 
ilalleriana,  IIlhIw.,  20G. 
ithyphyllu,  Brid.,  20."). 
Naicliica,  Sulliv.,  208. 
Meiiziesii,  Turn.,  204. 
MohriuiKi,  Mui'll.,  210. 
Mnldenlx  Villi,  ycli\v;iR;;r.,  208. 
(Edcri,  Scliwat'iir.,  20(). 
OEdei'iana,  Swart  z,  20."). 
pomiformis,  Iledw..  20G,  417. 
radicalis,  JJcanv.,  200. 
stricta,  lirid.,  20"). 
subiilala,    iiruoli   &    Scluinp., 

204. 
teru'Wt,  Mnell.,  208. 
Wilsoni,  .Miicll.,  207. 
Bakthamik.i;,  2o:J, 
Blindia,  iJnicli  it  .Schimp.,  98. 

acuta,  Bnich  &  Scliimn.,  08. 
Braclajdontiinn  Iricliode.t,  Fucni., 

09. 
Brachyo(his,  Fiiorn.,  98. 
flcxisetiis,  Hampe,  99. 
trichodt^s.  Fitern.,  99. 
Brachytlipciiim,  ;<:!4. 
Bracliyt/ieriidiK  Scliimp,,  335. 
acHt.iiiii.  Siii.iv.,  :};J7. 
alhiciins,    Briich    &    Schimp., 

3.{8. 
campestre,  Briich  &  Schimp., 

344. 
coUlnnm,   Bruch    &    Schimp., 

3:{9. 
IliUebr.  ii'li,  Sulliv.,  340. 
Icetiim,    iriich  &  Soliiiiip..  33.'). 
plio'in:*,  iji,  Biuch  &  Schimp., 

340. 
2.lumos:  )»,  var.,  ?A5. 
jjopiileicii,   Biuch  &  Scliimp., 

34.'). 
reflexwn,    Bruch   &    Schimp., 

342. 
rivulnrc,    Bruch    &    Schimp., 

34.5. 
riitahtdum,  Bruch  &  Schimp., 

343. 
aaleltrosum,  Bruch  &  Schimp., 

330. 
splendpna,  Aust.,  .338. 
Starkii.  P.ruch  &  Schimp.,  .342. 
Sulllcantii,  Bruch  &  Schimp., 

33.5. 
Thedenii,   Bruch         Schimp,, 

3oS. 


Brachythccium   UtahOiSe,  James, 
339. 

vclutiniDii,  Bruch  tt  Schimp., 
340. 
Braunia,  Bruch  &  Schimp.,  152. 

(iiilil'oruica,  Lcaii.,  1.53. 
Bruciiia.  Schsvatigr.,  45. 

Beyricliiana,  Muidl.,  47. 

Bolaiulcri,  Lu.si].,  41). 

brevicoliis,  licscj.  &  .Jamos,  47. 

brevifolia,  Suiliv.,  48,  415. 

brevipes.  Hook.,  48. 

Carolinve,  Aust.,  49. 

curvisela,  Lestj.  tk  James,  47. 

Doniiollii,  Au^f.,  48. 

tloxuosa,  Miii'il.,  40. 

Jlexuonu,  Sulliv.,  40. 

Jtexiiosa,  vur.,  4(5. 

Ilallii,  Aust,.,  47. 

llauipcaua,  Miicil.,  49. 

iincror.drpn,  Wils.,  40. 

ni'jricdiis,  Aust.,  40. 

palustris,  Mucil.,  45. 

Kaveu.'lii,  Wils.,  49. 

Sullivautii,  Aust.,  40. 

'IVxana,  Aust.,  48. 

VOi/esitini,  var.,  47,  49. 
Bkyack.e,  2(5. 
Buvic.E,  214. 
livyozipliiam    Nortccjicum,  Mitt., 

95. 
Bryum,  Dill.,  22-3. 

aricnldrc,  Linn.,  148. 

aciniiiiuUuin,  Bruch  it  Schimp., 
21(5. 

aiiy<iyi>im,  Swartz,  128. 

aipiiium.  Linn..  233. 

umiotimtiii,  Ilcdw.,  210. 

aporiirpiDii,  Linn.,  13(5. 

arcticum,    Brucli    &   Schimp., 
224. 

ar'j;entpum,  Linn.,  234. 

atiopurpurcuin,  \Vahl.,  232. 

Atwattsriic,  .MucU.,  234. 

Biddlcconiiu!.  Aust..  220. 

liiflPlnrii,  .Sulliv.,  '-i-_>3. 

Billnrdcri,  Bruch  ife  Schimp., 
2:50. 

binium.  Schrch..  229,418. 

Bolnndiri,  Lt>si.,  220. 

Brownii,    Bruch    &    Schimp., 
224. 

cai-ipiticiiun,  Linn.,  2.33. 

Cdb'dreitm,  Dicks.,  97. 

Californicuin,  Sidliv..  2-37. 

calopliylluni,  R.  Brown,  227. 

Cnnnyicnxc,  Brid.,  2-30. 

capillare,  Linn.,  235. 

carneum,  Linn.,  221. 

cernuum,   Bruch    <&    Schimp., 
225. 


I'  I 


t     I! 


4,   (!• 


I       I 


\    '   ' 


.1; 


t  j 


J] 


430 


INDEX. 


ii 

.1; 


Ifl 


1,1  . 


ir^f 


I;  I 


Brynn  cilintnm,  Dicks.,  152. 

cirrhatum,  iioppe  &  ilornscli., 

228. 
co)itiiintatuw,  Watson,  221. 
coiicinnaliini,  .Spruce,  240. 
coruiiatuin,  hchwaegr.,  232. 
crudmu,  Sclircb.,  219. 
cuciilluluin,  ScluvaegT.,  21S. 
CHiielj'oUi(in,  Dicks.,  117. 
cyclupliylluiii,   lirucli    & 

Schiiup.,  237. 
deulbatum,  Dicks.,  211. 
deinisHuiu,  Hook.,  241. 
Dniininondii,  Mucll.,  220. 
Duvallii,  Voit,  238. 
eloti(/(itttm,  Dicks.,  217. 
eri/t/irocufpo)t,  lirid.,  232. 
e.'y  tluocarpuui,        Schwacgr. , 

232. 
flexuosuiu,  A  list..  227. 
gluKctuii,  Linn.,  !)U. 
inciin.'.tuui,  IJruch  &  Schiinp., 

225. 
intcrrnodiuni,  llrid.,  228. 
julncenii),  Sciirad.,  235. 
liicustre,  IJiid.,  22(5. 
bdidiitni,  l?i'id.,  235. 
latifnlhiiu,   IJrucli  &  Schimp., 

227. 
LeHcnrinnuii),  Snlliv.,  221. 
loncliocanlon,  Mnoll.j  22U. 
lon'iicollitm,  Swartz,  217. 
Ludit'ijii,    liruch  «fe   Schimp., 

221. 
Mticonnil,  Aiist.,  231. 
McnzirHii,  Hook.,  240. 
niiniatuni,  Losq.,  233. 
■»ioiit(tniiiii.  Lam.,  93. 
Mnldeni)eckii.     IJnich    & 

Si'liinip.,  233. 
miiyale,  Linn.,  110. 
vu'licditle,  Lcsq..  220. 
nudum,  Dicks.,  ISS. 
uiitiiiix,  Schreb.,  218,  220. 
obconicnin.  Hornsch.,  236. 
occidcntale,  ISniliv.,  23(). 
ovvidenlale,   Snlliv.    &    Lesq., 

23t5. 
Orouanum,  Snlliv.,  230. 
pallt'.ns,  Swartz,  237. 
pallosc(>ns.  Schloicli.,  231. 
jxillcwens,  var.,  231. 
l)(iteiiK,  Dicks.,  147. 
pcndnlnm,  Scliinip.,  225. 
I)Uiferinii,  Dicks.,  104. 
poliiiiiorphnu),    Bruch    & 

Sell  imp.,  210. 
poiiii/orm(\  Linn.,  206. 
provincialt',  riiilib.,  230. 
psoudolriquetruni,    Schvvaegr., 

238. 


Bryxim  pnlchcUiim,  Iledw.,  222. 
jnilc/ielliiiii,  Snlliv.,  221. 
purpur  iuui,  liruch  *fe  Schimp., 

224. 
pyrij'urme,  Hcdw.,  216, 
Jiutti,  Ausi.,  233. 
roscmn,  Schreb.,  239. 
rofilrutitni,  Schrad.,  244. 
ruhelUtiii,  JIoH'in.,  104. 
raralc,  Linn.,  132. 
miiKjiiiiKuiii,  Brid.,  232. 
tSc/iiiiipcrl,  Mnoll.,  219. 
SchiKtl,  Ocder,  GO. 
Schleichori,  Schwaogr.,  239. 
S(-o}>ariuiii,  J^inn.,  74. 
tierratiuii,  Schrad.,  24.5. 
spliai/niculu,  Briicli  &  Schimp., 

219. 
spinoNimi,  Voit,  247. 
sutian-asinii,  IL'dw.,  214. 
snbrotundnni.  Ihid..  231. 
siihnlaliDii,  Ijinn.,  131. 
IctrcKjotiiiiiii,  Dicks.,  207. 
torqncscens,  Brnch  &  Schimp., 

230. 
tortiiosuni,  Linn.,  129. 
Tozerl,  (ircv.,  222. 
trui}cati(liiiii,  Linn.,  101. 
tuibinatuni,  Schwacgr.,  238. 
tvrhlvdiiiiii,  vui'..  23'.'. 
ulisjinosum,  Bruch  &  Schimp., 

227. 
tmdiilatiim,  Linn,,  2rj6. 
xmyinculuhini.  Dill,,  120. 
vcrsic(jk)r,  A.  Brann,  233. 
Walilcnhcryii,  S<'li\\a('gr.,  223. 
Warni'um,  Bland.,  220. 
Zicrii,  Dicks.,  241, 
Bu.\bauniia,  Hall.,  267. 

aphylla,  Linn.,  2(i8,  417. 
folioxa,  Web..  207. 
BirxnAU.Mii:.!;,  200. 

r.allicrgon,  402. 
Calympcres,  Swartz,  184. 

ci'ispnin,  Ausl.,  184. 

discifornie,  Mncll.,  184. 

Doinicllii,  Aust.,  184. 

Bicliardi,  iMucll.,  184. 
Caniptot,h(?cinni,  331. 
Caiiiplothrcinm,  Schimp.,  331. 

lutefiCPiisAivnchS:  Scliiiiip.,831. 

viPfjaptilion,  Snlliv.,  334. 

nitctis,  Sfhimp.,  334. 

NuUidlii,   Bruch  &  Scliimp., 
334. 
Oampylium,  377. 
Campylium.  Mitt..  .377. 

Iiispidalii))!,  3Iitt.,  378. 
Campylodontinm    Jiypnoides, 
Schwaegr.,  290. 


INDEX. 


431 


Canipylodryptodon,  147. 
Campy lopiis,  IJriii.,  77. 

aiiyusiinais,  Lcmj.  &  James,  80. 

cinliutun,  llonisc'li.,  00. 

Doiiiit'llii,  l.(;si|.  c^  James,  70. 

flexuo.sus,  Uriel.,  78,  410. 

frigitlus,  LeMj.,  70. 

graciliciiulis,  Milt.,  8U. 

Hiillii,  Li'sq.,  70. 

iiitrotli'xiis,  IJritl.,  78. 

Leaiuis,  hiiiliv.,  78. 

leurutiiciiuii,  Sulliv.  &  Lesq., 
78. 

liauci,  A  list.,  7;;. 

saxico'jt,  lU'ul.,  00. 

iS/i(iwii,  Wiis.,  71. 

siibleucog.istiif,  Lesij.  &  James, 
70. 

Talhilcnsis,  Siilliv.  &  Losq.,  78. 

Viiijinicii.s,  Li3s«i.  As  James,  8U. 

vh'idis,  Sulliv.  A:  Lesq.,  (JO. 
Campy losLclt'um,  lirucli&  Schimp., 
00. 

saxicola,  I'nicli  &  Schiinp.,  00. 
Cathariiu  It,  Elirli.,  !'.")<». 

(inijiisUttii,  IJriil.,  25(5. 

Calliliriioii,  tliiii.,  )loO. 

cyisiHi,  Janu's,  i'.j8. 

XdiithnpcliiKi,  Mucll.,  2.")7. 
(■atosc'opiuin,  Hiitl.,  211. 

iiii;rit,iiin,  IJriil.,  211. 
Coratoilon,  Brid,,  02. 

cylindricus,  liruch  &  Schimp., 

o;j. 

minor,  Aust.,  02. 

purpiueus,  iiriil.,  02,  415. 
Ckkatodontk.e,  01. 
Vhri/sobrt/niii  inicuns,  Lindb.,  350. 
Cinclidium,  Swaitz,  240. 

stygium,  Suaitz,  250. 

siibrotundum,  Lindb.,  250. 
Cinclidotus,  lieaiiv.,  134. 

fontinaloides,  IJeauv.,  134. 
(;iadodium,  224. 
Claopodium,  327. 
Clasmatodon,  Hook.  &  Wils.,  207. 

parviilt  ,  ISulliv..  207,  410. 

peviyufsUliis,  Liudb.,  207. 

j)H.sillnn,  Hook.  &    ■. .'lis.,  207. 
Cr,EiSTOCAi:i'.,  30, 
Climaciuni,  Web.  &  Molir,  313. 

Americaiuim,  lirid.,  314,  410. 

dendroides,  \V<>b.  A  Molir,  314. 

Kuthenicum,  Lindb.,  314. 
Conomitrium,  Mont.,  80. 

Halliannm,  Suiiiv.  &  Lesq.,  90. 

Julianum,  JMont.,  SO,  410. 

osmundoidps,  Muell.,  87. 
Conostonuun,  Swartz,  207. 

boreale,  Swartz,  207,  417. 
Coscinodon,  Sireiig.,  154. 


I    Coschwihm  rrilirosHs.  Spruce,  155, 
j)Ulviiiatus,  SpH'iig.,  !'>4. 
lluiu,  Ltsi|.  it  .lames,  155. 
Wiightii,  Sulliv.,  155,  418. 
rratoneunim,  liJ'O. 
Crypluea,  Molir,  i:75. 

Jil.J'uniiis,  Sulliv.,  270. 
glomerata,  DnicU  &.  Schimp., 

270.  410. 
inuMilata.  Neos,  413. 
nervo>a,  linicli  A-  Scliinip.,  277. 
l)i'iidula.  I. esq.  A-   .lames.,  270. 
Kaveiielii,  Aust.,  277. 
Ctenidiuui,  38'.». 
Ctvhidiinii,  Mitt.,  389. 

mollunr  ini,  Mitt.,  390. 
C'tenium,  3S0. 
Cyiindi-othec'iuni,  Bruoli  A:  Schimp., 

310. 
brevisetum,  liruch  &  Schimp., 

311. 
claiiorrhizans,    Scliimp.,     311, 

410. 
comprcssum,  Druch  <Sc  Schimp., 

312. 
concinnum,  Schimp..  313. 
DrummoiuliijlJrucli  A:  Schimp., 

312. 
Floridanum,  Duhy,  312. 
(imrili-sn  nx,  Scliimp  ,  313. 
Monlmjnci,  Ihiirh  tt  Schin'ip., 

313. 
Mulilrnheryii,     Brudi    & 

Schimp.,  311. 
Schlvichcri,  Brucli  &  Schimp., 

311. 
soductrix,  Sulliv.,  311. 
Sullivaiitii,  Sulliv.,  313. 
Cynodontium,  Schimp.,  .50. 
CiOKldnisi',  Milt.,  ()2. 
flexU'itulr,  Schwaegr.,  107. 
gracilesceus,  Schiutp.,  (;0. 
l)olycarpiuii,  Schimp.,  00. 
Schist i,  Schimp.,  59. 
virens,  Schimn.,  01. 
Cynontodiaia  capillaceum,  Hedw., 

04. 

Laltnnin  disflrha,  Arnoti,  281. 
lirteroinalUi,   Hook.   «fe    VVils., 

27(). 
nrri-oHa,  Hook.  &  Wils.,  270. 
Desmatodou,  Biid.,  110. 

arcnaceus,  Sulliv.  A-  Lesq.,  111. 
cernuus,  Briicli  &  Schimp.,  114. 
flaKicans,    Bruch  &   Schimp., 

114. 
Garberi,  Lesq.  &  James,  112. 
Guepini,    Bruch    «fe    Schimp., 

114. 
latifulius,  Brid.,  HI. 


Mm 


1 '  i ; 

■ »  il 


I  .  1 


11 .; 


ii]    i" 


INDEX. 


DcsiiKitodoii     Lanrcr 
iScliiiiip.,  115. 
Nco-Mi!xic.iiiu.s, 
Lcsq.,  1 1:). 


,     Bruch     & 
Sulliv.     ct 

nervosum,   Uruch    &    Schiinp., 
11.}. 

oblhiuus,  Hriicli  «fe  Schinip.,ll.j. 

obtusiroliuH,  Ij'cliiuip.,  114. 

O/iiociisi.s,  Scliiiiip.,  112. 

piintliobius,    ISulliv.    tfe   Lcsq., 
112,  410. 

rorlcri,  Jiunos,  112, 

JSystilius,    Uruch  &    Schimp., 
111. 
Diclielynia,  JFyrin,  272. 

Ciipillaccuiii,  IJrucU  *fe  Sduinp., 
27:5,  418. 

ctiiiiU<(C('inii,  Myiin,  274. 

cyliiuliiciirpiim,  Aust.,  274. 

falciituin,  Alyiin.  27;5. 

palhiscoiis,  iiruch  tfe  Soli  imp., 
274. 

subiilatiiiti,  Afyriii,  274. 

Swarizii,  Ijiinih.,  2i"). 

iiiiciiiaLiiin,  Mitt..  27^!. 
DIcliodoiiLiiun,  Scliiniji.,  (tl. 

Caiiaili'iise,  Jjcs'|.  &  .James,  G2. 

p(>llii(;i(iiim,  Si-liiinp.,  02. 
Dloraiiclla,  .S(!iiimp..  04. 

cvrviriiiata,  JSchimp.,  65. 

crispa.  bciiimp.,  04. 

ciirvata,  Sdiimp..  07. 

d(U)iiis,  liCiiq.  it  .James,  66. 

Grcvilicaiia,  iiciiimp.,  64. 

lu'tci-omalla,  Scliiinp..  06. 

vufoscfMis,  Scliimp.,  0(5. 

Sclir«'l)«Mi,  Schimp.,  04. 

Sriirchprt,  van,  02. 

st'cun<l(i,  Jiiii(ll).,00. 

squaiTosa,  Soliimp.,  65. 

suhulata.  Scliimp.,  06. 

varia,  Scliimp.,  05. 
Dicraiio.jontiimi,  Bruch  <fe  Scliniip., 
77. 

loii!:;iroRfre,  Bruch  &  Schimp., 
77,  415. 

nitiditiii,  .James.  71. 
Dlcranoweisia.  I^indb.,  57. 

cirrhata,  I^iiidb.,  57. 

crispu'a.  Liiitib.,  .57. 
Dicraiumi,  Iledw.,  07. 

all)icans,  Uruch  &  Schimp.,  71. 

alncfttre,  WaliK,  00. 

amhifjuam,  ITedw.,  63. 

awjUfitlrctiH,  Aust.,  80. 

Blyttii,  Bruch  &  Scliimp.,  08. 

lionjennl.  DcNot,  75. 

cervlculatmn,  Hetlw.,  6.5. 

condenHutnm,  Iledw.,  76. 

eon/jest  am,  Brid.,  72. 

coritortum,  Waiil.,  139. 


Dicramiin  crispinn,  Ilcdw.,  64. 
curcdtuiu,  Ileiiv'.,  07. 
dvhUc,  Ilooii.  &  Wils.,  66. 
DoitnvlUi,  Aust.,  7!». 
Driuiimondii,  Mu(.>ll.,  70. 
el<)U;j;atUMi,  Schwac^^r.,  71. 
falcatuui,  llcdw.,  OS, 
fla,!j;(dlare,,  llcdw.,  70. 
Jicxicdolc,  Brid,.  72. 
fiai^ilifulium,  I/nitll).,  73. 
fulvcllum,  Siuitb,  08,  41.5. 
fuivum.  Hook,,  70. 
fiiscesceus,  Turn,.  72, 
(jlattriuii,  Aust.,  \)l. 
(jraciU'Hc.ens,  Web.  it  Mohr,  CO. 
Grcrilleunuiu,     Brucli    & 

Schimp.,  04. 
hetcroinnlliiin,  Ilcdw,.  67. 
ineiircUin,  \Vi'b,  it  Mohr,  82. 
iiitcrriipttiiii,  Brid.,  70. 
introjlcruiii,  Ili-dw..  78, 
juliicruiii,  Ilooii.  &  Wils.,  63. 
latifoUniii.  1 1  I'd  w.,  111. 
lon,<;ifoliiuu,  ilctlw.,  70. 
loiiiiii'm'tre,  Sc-hwacgr.,  72. 
Mar.ouni.  Aust,,  71. 
inajus,  'rum,,  74. 
juoiitanum,  llcdw.,  00. 
^lidilcnbccliii,     Bruch    & 

Schimp.,  72. 
pallidam,  Mucll.,  74. 
pallidum,   Bruch  it   Schimp., 

76. 
palustre,  Lapyl..  74. 
})plliic.ldiim,  llcdw,,  (52, 
poli/r.arpuni,  Khrli,,  (50. 
pnrpureuin,  Iledw.,  02. 
rliabdocarpum,  Stdliv.,  73. 
riifpscrns,  Turn,,  (5(5, 
snxicold,  Web,  it  Mohr,  99. 
Schist i,  Liudl),,  00, 
Scliraderi,  Wcl),  &  Molir,  75. 
Sc/ireberi,  Swartz,  (55, 
Schrebcrictu  111)1,  (irev,,  64. 
scopariuiM,  Iledw.,  7.'J,  416. 
spurium,  Iledw.,  75, 
s(/ii(irroKfi)ii,  Sclirad.,  0.5. 
Starldi,  Web.  it  Molu-,  68. 
strictum,  Schleicdi,,  (iO, 
SHbleitcoganter,  Muell,,  79. 
Kublencoffuntcr,  Atist,,  80. 
SKbnlatiiin,  Iledw,,  (iCi. 
imthilatum.  Turn,,  70. 
varium,  Hedw.,  65. 
vit'ens,  Hedw,,  01. 
VirriUiicHjn,  Aust.,  80. 
viride,  Schimp,,  00. 
Didymodon,  Hedw,,  104. 
cwsjutofitis,  Mitt,,  160. 
cylindricus,  Bruch  &  Schimp., 

105. 


I)i 

D 

Di 

Di 


Di 


J)i 
1)( 
Di 

Dr 


El 


El 


INDEX. 


433 


Didiimndnn  ci)Un>lr'iCiis,  Wahl.,  Oil. 

(Ih-crslj'oliim,  Aiist..  I()l>. 

J'ni'jili's,  IIoolc.  A-  Wil.i..  130. 

/loiit'iiiKilliis,  llcdw.,  1(j7. 

luH/iiliiis,  Wulil..  114. 

loii'iirunlniin,    Web.    &   Mohr, 
i  I. 

luiiiliis,  Ilornsc'li.,  l(»t, 

niliilliis,  iJruchit  bchiuip.,  104, 
41(;. 
Dipliysciiiiii.  Mohr.  litili. 

foliosmii,  .Mohf,  l^tiT,  417. 
Disci;  1,1 1 :.K.  JsT. 
Di.sct'liuiii.  Urid..  ISS. 

iiiKliiin.  IJrid.,  1S8. 
Ulssoiloii.  (irev.  it  Am.,  ISO. 

Fr(!'l:cliiaiHis,    (Jrev.    A:   Arn., 
11)0. 

Ilornschuchii,    Gicv.   &  Arn., 
1S1». 

sphicliiioides,    Grov.   it    Arn., 
li>'>. 
Dlsticliiuiii.  Briioli  S:  Schimp.,  9.*], 
ciiiiill.ii'iMiiu.  lirui'li  &  ydiinip., 

w.  -no. 

incliiwiLimi,  Bnich  &  Schimp., 
04. 
Ditrichiiiti  1.(11  tiifoU mil,  liindl).,  Oo. 
Dorfd'Uoii.  Adans.,  1(14. 
Unniuiioiidia,  Hook.,  KiO. 

davcilata.  Hook.,  100,  410. 
Dryptodon,  14S. 

olif'Oiiis,  iJriil.,  l.'^O. 

jiaten.^,  IJrid.,  147. 

Eloiliuin,  :]2'.). 
%Encalvpta,  Sclirob.,  ISO. 

oil  lata.  ll(>d\v.,  182. 

coinnmtatii,  Xecs  &  ITornsch., 
ISO. 

hircni,  D.'Xot.,  1S1. 

lnnf/ij)Cfi,  Mitt.,  1S8. 

Maroiinii,  Aii'^t.,  182. 

prorci-a,  Brupli,  1S2. 

rhal)docarpa,    Schwaegr..   181, 
410. 

Schvyni,  Anst.,  18.3. 

streptocarpa.  H<'d\v.,  183. 

vnlLcaris,  Hcdw..  ISl. 
Enfndnu  roiiiprcssiis,  .Miioll..  312. 
EntostJKxIon.  Schwaf^r.,  lOlt. 

Holandcri.  I.i'm|.,  lH'.i. 

Drnininoiidii,  Sidiiv..  100.418. 

ohf  II  si  foil  as,    Hook.    &    Wiis., 
100. 

Templctoni.  Sohwnot^r. ,  200. 
Epliemoiiun,  Ilaiiipo.  37. 

Aifsf'tiii,  fSnlliv.,  37. 

c()Ii:f;'iMi«!.  Miiell.,  30. 

d'assiiior    ■'mi.  ITainpe,  38. 

liy.'LriA,  Liu.ii.-..  ;')S. 


Kphrmfrnin  inlnHfisstimnn,  Liiulb., 
;!S. 
]>i(llilitiii,  .'^(•hinip.,  30. 
l)aidllo.siiiii.  .\iist.,  ;!S. 
si'rialiiiii,  Hampc,  ;;7. 
.vr.-.N,7r.  .Miicll..  311. 

spiiudusiiiii.  IJiitcli  it  Schimp., 
3s. 

sti'iiopliylliim.  Schimp.,  30. 

si/tioiciiiii,  .laiiH's.  ;',7. 

ti'iH  nun,   llnicli.  ;;7. 
V.rciiiihliHi  siiliii-liiii>i<l(s.  Drill.,  Oi>. 
Kmhyiichiuiii.  .3.">I. 
I'Au/ii/iirliiiiiii,  Schimi  ..  li.'l. 

(•nliinphf/lltnii,  Sidliv..  '.\^r2. 

dirrrnlfo'iuiii.         lirucli         it 
Schiiiii)..  .■).')•_'. 

7n!/ositr<iid<s,  Srhiiiip.,  IMS. 

pUifi'i'mn,    IJnK  li    it    Scliimp., 

pr(rl())i'juin,  r.nnli  it  .Scldmp., 

3.")3. 
jS7o/,v',s//',  I'riich  it  Si'lninp.,  '.]'<'>. 
slrhinsuiii,   Jhiicii  tt   Sciump., 

;i.'>2. 
Kiistichia,  Urid..  04. 

Norvc.uica.  IJiid..  l'-',  410. 
Savalcri,  iliisiiol.  'J'). 

Fabrnnia.  Raddi.  201. 

('(tndi'iihiiKt,  Stdliv..  205. 

Doniicllii,  Au-i..  211"). 

gymiiostoiiia.  Sulliv.  &  Lcsq., 
204. 

ort()l)!ophari-.  S"li\va(';j;r.,  20.!>. 

pusilla.  Kaddi.  :!'.'!. 

HaviMK'Hi,  Sulliv.,  -.'.'Xu  418. 

Sc/iiiiipcrlKiiii,  DcXot.,  204. 

sj)[iir!nin!il('s.  Mini]..  200, 

Wi'iudUii,  Sidllv.,  liO.'i. 
Fatu!()mi;.i:.  l04. 
Fis.-^idiMis,  Hcdw.,  S|. 

adiaiiKiidc*.  Hciw..  88. 

bryoidcs,  H<  dw..  SI. 

firi/oiilfs,  llool;.  iv  Wils.,  85. 

Ciosfcri,  Alls!..  SI. 

cra=isir)('s,  Wil>-.,  s:!. 

d(H'ii)i('n-<,   Dc.Ndt..  87. 

Dotincllii.  Aii'^t..  s."*. 

exiLjims,  Sulliv..  s4. 

Floridanu--..  I.cs'i.  it  .Tamos,  83. 

(jiarli'Mi,  Lc'sr|.  iV  .laiucs,  80. 

jii'aniiit'idU'^.  Ilrid.,  SO. 

ilailii,  Ai;-;i..  S."). 

hyaliniis,  Wils.  it  Hook.,  84. 

incousraii';.  Schimp.  S2. 

iiicurvii-;,  Schwacu'f.,  82. 

incnvi-iix,  var..  s3.  S5. 

limhatiis.  Sulliv..  82. 

TlUMUtuhH.  Sulliv.,  s.'. 

ohui.sifoiius,  Wils.,  80. 


I  I 


I    ! 


'  w 


434 


LsDEX. 


E 


4 


f\ 


v;ir.,  8.J. 


risslilnis     osinuiiiluulcs,     Ilcdw. 
H7. 
lolypodioics,  llcihv.,  88. 
Ifiivciit'lii,  Siilliv.,  8.'). 
8lll)l);isil;iri-,   llfdw.,  ts8. 
i<l/)ii)!riis,  Siilliv.,  iS'J. 

liixifoliiis.  llt'ilw.,  K7,  410. 
Tcxamis.  I,('S(|.,  SO. 
veiilricosiis,  Lcsri.,  84. 
viriihiliif 
FissiKKNii:,!;,  sl. 

l''(>NTl\.\M;,i:.  L'CtS. 
Koiifmalis.  Dill.,  L'C.S. 

iiiitipyp'lic.i,  Liiiii..  2r)8,  418. 

aulii>i/rcticfi,  var.,  L'Oi). 

bit'oniii^,  Siilliv.,  liTo. 

(;alifoniica,  Siilliv.,  209. 

cai>illiitu n,  Diclvs.,  2T;». 

Dulroarlica,  IJiucli  it  Scliiiup., 
2TU. 

disliclia,  ir(ud<.  it  Wils.,  272. 

(listlcliii,  Sulliv.  it  Li'sq.,  272. 

dislicli((,  var.,  270,  272. 

Kiitoiii,  Sulliv.,  20i). 

J'alcdlii.  Ilcdw.,  27.'5. 

filifoi'iiiis.  Sulliv.  it  r^nsq.,  271. 

ili'linilrd,   Sulliv.,  2011. 

liyiiiidiiics,  ilailiu.,  272. 

Juliidid,  S.ivi.  S'.i. 

Lescurii.  Sulliv..  271. 

Jjeticnrii,  var.,  271. 

Mcnudidiiii,  liC«|..  209. 

Nco-Mi'xii'an.i,  Sulliv.  it  Lcsq., 
209. 

Novtc-.\ii!;liio.  Sulliv.,  270. 

sqiKiiiioKd,  .\uct  ,  270. 

Kiihiildtd,  IScau"'     27-1. 

SuUivantii,  l/uulh.,  271. 
Forssfrifiniii  iiiliild.  land!).,  279. 

Oliidciisls.  Liudl).,  279. 

trichdiiiilrid,  Liudl).,  278. 
Fiinaria,  Sclirid).,  200. 

Anicricaua,   Liudb.,  201. 

alf('iiii(tt((,  Idiull).,  200. 

calcaroa,  \VahI.,  201. 

culcdrcd,  Sohimii.,  201. 

Calit'oruiea,   buUiv.   &    Lesq., 
201. 

C((lr('Nrcns.  Sohwaecjr.,  202. 

couvolula,  llainpo,  202. 

J)nniuii:'nil!!,  Lindh.,  109. 

llavicans,  Miclw.,  202. 

Jlihcnilrd,  lloolc,  201. 

hyjiroMiflrica,  Sibtli.,  202,  417. 

Mt'ilil('rr;iU(';i,  Liudb..  2(»1. 

Tiiicroslouia,  Urucli  it  Schiinp., 
20;5. 

Mnhlrnlx'V'ji'i,  ITodw.,  201. 

Miihl('iih(r(jii,  Turu.,  201. 

itaveurliK  Aust..  20:5. 

serrata,  IJriil.,  201. 


(;astornc;rlrtiniia.  1.17. 
(ivunild,  Klirli.,  ISO. 

Mliciiinni/iiiiiii,  Kluii.,  187. 

jiilhii-lild,  Kabcuii..  1S7. 
(ili/liliDCdrjiii  Hdiicri,  llauipe,  204. 
(ilyiiliiiuiilriiuii,  Ibid.,  |.*)8. 

Ciiuadi  U-M-.  .Milt,,  i:,S. 
(irinnuia,  Kbrli.,  1:>I. 

dririildiis,  Mucll.,  148. 

(ii-nld,  Suiilli,  its. 

.\i,'a>si/,ii,  L('s(|,  it  .lames,  LjO. 

alpi'sin.H,  Scbl.'itdi..  110. 

aud)i:4ua,  Sulliv.,  1.'!.'). 

diicistrntlcs,  Moul.,  in. 

rt«(/.N/ro(/r  .s,  L('.s(i.,  Ml. 

auodou.  Ibui'liit  Scbiuip.,  1,38. 

ap()cail)a,  Ilcdw.,  1;]0,  417. 

(iponuiid,  var..  l;J.'>. 

(ttrovirciiN,  Sudtli,  11']. 

brdclii/ixhin,  .\usi.,  145. 

Jird)i(l''/ci,  Au-t.,  Ids. 

Caliloriuca,  Sulliv..  142. 

ralyiitrata.  lloolc,  144. 

Coiorailcnsis.  Aust.,  14.'?. 

cotuunilata.   Ilucbcu.,  M."). 

ooufcrta,  Fiuick.  l:i.'>. 

coutorla,    Lruch    it    Srliimp., 
l;!9. 

rriliroKd,  Hcdw.,  ].V). 

Douuiana,  Suiilli.  1  12. 

J)riiiiim<>ndt!,   Hook,  it   Wils., 
l.-)7. 

(ir)iiciildtd.  Sclnv;H".rr. .  99. 

liaiuulosa.  l/cs'|..  i;;;*. 

llodkir!,  Ibiuuiu.,   l.''>7. 

incitrcd,    Diucli    it    Schinip., 
140. 

Jdiiif'xH,  .•\n'<l.,  14.'. 

lencoiihavi,  Orcv.,  144,417. 

niariiiiua,  'I'ui'u.,  l;!7. 

Diicrdcarixu  Muill.,  119. 

inoutaua,   IJrucli   it    Schimp., 
14."). 

^lulilcnbopkli,  Soldnip.,  140. 

Nvvii,  .Mu(dl.,  119. 

obttisd,  Scbwaojxr.,  140. 

Oluoyi,  Sulliv.,  142. 

orhiriiliiris,  .lauies.  14fl. 

ovata,  Web.  it  Molir,  14:]. 

pdlcits,  Ib'uch  it  Scliiuip.,  148. 

IVunsylvanicM.  Sdiwat'sr.,  144. 

planiopodi.t,  Ilcdw,,  i:)8. 

plalypbylla,  .Mitt.,  JOO. 

pulviuata,  Snutb,  1.'58. 

liaiipi,  Aust.,  l")."i. 

rer.iirrafa,  Ilcdw..  97. 

Sdxirola,  Hook.,  99. 

Scoulori,  Muell.,  107. 

subincurva,  Aust..  l."]5. 

torqiiata.  (Jrcv..  140. 

torta,  Nces  &  llonisch.,  140. 


INDKX. 


435 


Grliniuiii  tricliophylla,  Orcv.,  Ml. 
uiiicDloi-,  <ii'(;v.,  140. 
I'liriii,  Mill..  l'»0. 

>V;itS()Ili.  |,<'S(|.  iV  .TilTUOS,  110. 

W'ri'jlilii,  Aiisl.,  l')o. 

(JlIIM.MIK.K,   liJo. 

Guuiiiltcliii,  1-12. 

(tll)rHlfiH,  II;UI11M>.   lin. 

cidi/iih'dlii,  Miirll.,  Ill, 

iiionhtiKi,  llaiiilH',   14.J. 

oiudis,  .Miit'll.,  11."). 
Clf/nin(i<'!/'i<  iKilKsfrin,  Frifs,  2'>2. 

tiinjldii,  l,ii»tll».,  2');!. 
Gymiiosioimim,  Ilcdw.,  j'l'. 

aritiiiiiiiitiiiii,  Sflilficli.,  198. 

(irticiihihiiii,  Suiitli,  .■)4. 

lidfhulij,  Scliwiu'jir.,  1h;5. 

calcaicwiii,  Nt't»s  tfe    lloriiscli., 

C'Uiitdtii,  A  list.  .')4.  [o'6. 

curvii(i>tiuiii.  llcdw..  54. 

])o)iiiiintiii,  Siiiitli,  '.((). 

Jlciniii,  llt'dw.,  KL'. 

Ldpptniiotni,  llodw.,  l.'O. 

Inli/oliiDii,  Dnimiii..  lus. 

Diiiintnliiiii.  S('li\va(>gi'.,  lOl. 

ovidinii,  Ili'dw.,  101. 

poiiiifi  riini,  NtM's  it  Ilornsch., 
54." 

prorcprns,  ITcdw.,  100. 

pi/riforiiic,  llcdw.,  107. 

l{(iii(niinii,  Aiist.,  .')(>. 

nijx'strc.  Scliwacgr.,  ")3,  415. 

stclliiicriiiii,  Siuilli,  54. 

tonuc,  Sclirad.,  54. 

top/i(icciiin.  Aust.,  53. 

tortipes,  Urid..  lOS. 

trichoilrs.    Wei),  it  Mohr,,  09. 

trtinralKiii.  llcflw..  101. 

tiirhhidttuii,  Miclix.,  lOS. 

virhlnhim,  Uracil  &  Soliiinp., 

5;?. 
Wilsnni,  llonk.,  102. 
Gyroweisia  tenuis,  Sehiiup.,  54. 

Ilabrodon,  Schinip.,  29fi. 

Xotaiisii,  Schiiui).,  297. 
Ilarpidiniii.  ;!70. 
Hed\vi;,Ma,  Klirh.,  152. 

ciliata,  Kluli..  152,  417. 

p'lUfcvd,  Mitt.,  15o. 
Ilotorocladiiini,  ;?20. 
Ilctcrorladlnm,  Bruch  «fe  Srlilmp., 
321. 

diniorpJnim,  Bruch  &  Scliiiiip., 
321. 
Homalia.  Brid.,  2S.j. 

gracilis,  .lainos,  280. 

Jaiucsii,  Schimp.,  285. 

obtiisata.  Mitt.,  2v^5. 

tricliomaiioidcs,       Bruch       & 
kjchiiup.,  285. 


ihrnitihi  ir/;;////;/.siiiiiv..  4ii. 

lluiiialollicciiiiii,  liiiK'liiV:  Si'iiiliip., 
300, 

p^CIHlU'^CricCIIIll,        J^L'SIJ.        «& 

.laiiii'-'.  3lii, 

sul)iM|iilI.itiiiii.  Siilliv.,  310,  418. 
Jloolvciia.   lay  I..  202. 

iiritlifoliii,  Siilliv.,  203, 

anoiiiaia,  .Mu<  II.,  203. 

cnii'(Mii;i,  Dnhy,  202. 

liti'nis,  Smilli.  2',>t. 

SliJaciilKiidi'.s,  Sclilcich.,  101. 

JSidiivaiilii,  Mucll,  203. 

variant.  Sidliv.,  202. 
iro(>Ki;ni:.i:.  -^u-j. 
llyliH'oiiumn,   In'.*. 

lljlncdildllni,  .'-'(•llillip.,  400. 

bri  riroatriiiii,  IJruchit  Schlliip., 

400. 
Jlmhyintinn,  Brucli  &  .Schimp., 

40S. 
Fb'tiniiniiiiK  .\nst.,  410, 
Inrnnii,  lirudi  iV  Scldinp.,  410. 
()((kcxii.  Sell  imp..  4(iS. 
jxiricfiinnii,  I/mdli.,  404. 
proVj'vnnii,  \M\  'h.,  4o7. 
Pi/vt  iKtiriiiii,  Mull)..  408. 
rui/osHiii,  DcNot.,  3>s, 
Sc/irclirri,  DcNot,,  4o4, 
splrndcns,  Bruch  it  .Scliimp,, 

407, 
siiinn-roKiiiii,  Ih'uohit  Schiinp., 

400. 
trhi'ii  Irniii,  Bruch  it  Sohiiiip., 

410. 
tuiiliriilniii,  Bruch  it  Scliiuip., 

JFymcnostn))i'nn  )iiirrost(>mu))i,elc.., 

An«t.,  .*.('., 
Ili/ophiln   /Idi-hidn,  Ilainpc,  103. 
llYi'.NK.K.  :;i(>. 

Ilypunui.  Dill.,  310, 

abictiuuui,  IJuu.,  .320, 
acuiiiiual ntn,  licauv.,  3.30. 
acutiriispis.  Mitt.,  340, 
acutum,  -Milt.,  .".37. 
ailldidoidcs,  I.iuu.,  88. 
adndxt'iiii.  Sidiiv.,  .'r>7. 
adiKituiti,  llt'dw.,  :!7.5. 
aduucnni,  llcdw.,  380. 
aiucuni.  Mitt..  ;!31, 
a^LrrcLratuMi,  .Mitt..  350, 
Ala'^liaumii,    Lcsq,  &  James, 

405. 
aliiicaus,  Xoclc,  337. 
alhlcdiis,  var.  33S. 
alhuliDii,  Muell.,  305. 
Alloghanicuse,  Much,,  302. 
Allcni,  I.csq.  it  .lanios,  327. 
alopccurnui,  Liun,,  420. 
ali)cstro,  fcjwartz,  399. 


!il 


! 
-     t 


i    4 


II 


430 


INDEX. 


4 


Uypnum  amrrnum,  Drurnui.,  IJ97. 
apocl;i(liiiii,  Mill.,  oaO. 
aroiiarimu.  lA'sq..  >'/,]'.]. 
arcticuiii,  iSoiiinicrf.,  400. 
arcticniii,  viii'..  40  . 
asporriiuiiiii.  Mill.,  .']-i;j. 
atrovireiis,  Dicks..  .'JIO. 
attcnualuiii,  ISclircb.,  ;J05. 
alt^'HUdtuiii,  Jirid.,  414. 
baiiiuiu,  [Jartin..  4(10. 
BaiiibiM-iicri,  .Scliiiit]*.,  ,307. 
li('V{iniv)is(\  Alls!.,  ;J78. 
I3igolovii,  hiilliv.,  ?,(Y1. 
biveiitrosuiii.  ]\hu!ll.,  JJJiS. 
Blandovii,  ^\\•b.  Sc  Mohr,  320. 
15olii.iuU'ri.  I/>(|.,  oH. 
IJost'ii,  Sfhwacgr..  W^rl, 
BraTidcufi,  Aiist.,  oOl. 
brcvirostro,  Eliiii.,  408. 
Browcriaiiiiin.  Lcsq.,  349. 
otespitosiuu,  Wils.,  ;!40. 
Cnlifoinicmii.  Loscj.,  iiiO. 
callicliroiiiii,  Biid..  .7.12,  420. 
Caloosiriisc,  Aust.,  ;;(iO. 
calyplratuiii.  Sidliv.,  ;'.24. 
cainpostrc,  liriich,  .".44. 
Carulhii'.'iiuiii,  Mucll.,  .'55."5. 
catoiiulatiini..  Erid.,  ;!1U.  419. 
cliri/scoii,  Scliwaogr. ,  310. 
chrysonliyllniu,  JJrid.,  378. 
chrysi).  Oiintiii,  Michx.,  ;!45. 
chri/sostoiiimii,  ^lucll.,  34;3. 
ciroiiiaio,  Jlook.,  3!t2. 
circlnale,  Sidliv.  A-  Lcsq.,  392. 
Clnstrrl,  Aust.,  399. 
collinum,  Sciili'icb.,  3.39. 
Coloi'adeuso,  Aust..  412. 
colpopbyliuiii,  .Sulliv.,  352. 
coiniimtatuiii.  IL^dw.,  387. 
compacluni.  ^lucll.,  375. 
cowpbuKiluni,  Linn..  283. 
complexum,  Lcsq.    ct    James, 

390. 
conipro;  snhiin,  ]Srnoll.,  .331. 
conchiputn,  DeXot.,  313. 
(Jovfcrrd,  Scliwaec;!-.,  373. 
coniVrvoid^s,  I5ri(i.,  372. 
co))f('ri'<)i(les,  Drninin.,  372. 
conncs'itiii,  Wils.,  320. 
cordifoliuni,  llcdw.,  402. 
cordifdliuui,  Dinnini.,  403. 
cordifoliuni,  var.,  403. 
Cossoiii,  i"''('liini]i.,  385. 
crassincM-viuiii.  Tayl..  419. 
crispit'olium,  Ildok.,  329. 
crista-caslrcnsis,  Jiinn.,  .389. 
cupressiforin(\  JJnn.,  394. 
curtipondidniii,  Linn..  291. 
ciirvifoliuin,  Iledw.,  390. 
cuiTifidiicu,  Miioll.,  397. 
cuvviroatruiu,  Brid.,  398. 


Ilypnnni  i^iirvi.^cfiim,  Brid.,  300. 
cuspidaluni,  liiiin.,  403. 
cylindricuui.  Miu'll.,  350. 
drcliriiiii,  ^lilt.,  .340. 
dclicatulinii,   Linn..  325. 
(k'nii^sinu,  \Vil<.,  355.  420. 
dciiiisaiuii,  .bulliv.,  .355. 
dcnuHSii.,!,  var.,  .3.55.  35(5. 
dcitdroides,  Linn.,  314. 
dent iculat urn.  Linn..  307,  419. 
detiticuldtniii,  vai'.,  30-!. 
deplanaluni,  Scliimp.,  ;]59. 
depri'ssidnin,  ^lucil.,  391. 
dcprc.ssinii,  , lames,  i'58. 
dimor|)liiMii,  Li'id..  321. 
divcrsifdliiini,  .Scliiiup.,  352. 
Donnt'Iiii,  Au-t.,  33s. 
Donniannm,  tSniitli,  307. 
dith'tuiii,  Dicks.,  ;X». 
elcgans,  Hook.,  300. 
erectum,  L('S(|.  i^-  .lames,  323. 
eugyiiiim,  iScliimp.,  4t)l. 
exannidatum,  Ciucndi.,  384. 
e.mii)uili(tiiiii,  var.,  275. 
fidn'onkvfoluiui,  JMudi.,  ?M\. 
fidcdtuiii,  Brid.,  .387. 
Fendleri,  Sidliv.  ct  Losq.,  340. 
fertile,  Sendt.,  :!'.il. 
flaiiK'iitoxuiii,  Dicks.,  319. 
lilicinum.  IJnn.,  .380. 
Fitzgerald i,  IJenauld,  370. 
Flennningii,   Les*].   &   James, 

410. 
fluitans,  Linn.,  383. 
fliiitans,  var.,  275. 
Unviatile,  Swartz,  375. 
piiridf.ile,  James.  .374. 
fulcinn,  llook.  ct  AVils.,  305. 
geminum,  Lescj.  tt  .lames,  305. 
geopbiluin,  Aust.,  358. 
giganleum,  Schimit..  4o3. 
gracile,  Jiruch  A:  Scliimp.,  .324. 
(/riii'ih\  Linn.,  290. 
Haldaniauuni.  (Jiev.,  397. 
Jldllcri,  var..  378. 
hdiiitfoliKiii,  Schini]>..  381. 
batnulosuni,  Brucli  A:  ttcbimp., 

391. 
haiinilosiim,   Sidliv.   &   Lesq.. 

391. 
hdniulosdiii,  Wils.,  393. 
bians,  Iledw.,  354. 
Ilillebrandi.  Lesn..  .340. 
hirtr'hnii,  Muell.,  299. 
Idspidulum,  Brid..  378. 
illeeebriun,  .Scliwaogr.,  347. 
illecchrHDi,  Iledw.,  352. 
imponens,  ITedw.,  390. 
iiuponcns,  .lames,  3^0. 
irrigmnn,  Hook.  &  Wils.,. 374, 
Jamesii,  Lesq.  A:  James,  357. 


INDEX. 


437 


Uypnittii  JdinesH,  Aust.,  383. 
juluci  lint,  Vill.,  ■'A)0. 
julucf  inn,  Vill'.,  300. 
IviiciJI'li,  .Schiuip.,  380. 
hotiim,  JJriil..  '•'>'■'>'>. 
lat.i'bricola,  Liiull).,  3()3. 
liixouatulum,  Lcsij.  tk   James, 

3."i8. 
laxifoliutii,  ychwaegf.,  32'J. 
k'Uluin.  Milt..  300. 
Lcsciuii,  Sulliv.,  370. 
leiicorlaliiliiiii.  Muell.,  330. 
leiK'omuinim,  .Sulliv.  &  Lesq., 

3JS. 
lorcuin,  Liiiii..  410. 
lurhlmn,  IIivUv.,  31*0. 
liitt  SPOILS.  Ik'ilw.,  331. 
lycopoiliui.lrs.  DeXot.,  38.'). 
Mari/ldiKlii-iihi,  .Muoll.,  350. 
nieiiaptiliiiii.  Sulliv.,  33-i. 
iiiicaii.s.  Swart/..  .305. 
utictiiis,  Wils..  .■)■)(). 
nrKM'ocarpiim,  .Mucll.,  .357. 
niicrdjiln/llaiii,  .Miihl.,  -3:^4. 
MUdciiiii-iin.  Srliiinp.,  337. 
inimitis-imiun,  Sulliv.  ifc  Lcsq., 

371. 
ininutulum.  Ile.lw.,  322. 
inolh!,  Dicks.,  30U. 
Diolle,  IJiid.,  400, 
inolluscuin,  Ilcdw.,  .389. 
niouianuin,  Wils..  401. 
^Muciii'iianiun,   Ilcjuli.  lii.,  3G7. 
MuhleubiH'kii,  Spruce,  370. 
niyosuroi  ics,  Liini.,  347. 
j/i//o.s(/ro('/'.s.  var. ,  348. 
N('ck(fra,  Schwacur..  3t)2. 
neckefoiiles.  Hook,  .302. 
nerkcroldeti,   Hook.   &   Wils., 

302. 
npinorosnm.  Koch,  398. 
Ncvadense,  Lesq.,  332. 
nign'sceiis,'S\\artz,  287. 
liiteiii<.  Sehi'cb.,  33;'). 
nitldiil'im.  Waiil..  304. 
noferoplii'.uiii,  Sulliv.  &  Lesq., 

374. 
""Tovie-Anglia?,  Sulliv.  &  Lesq., 

344. 
NovtB-C't-sareae.  Aust.,  ,356. 
Nuttailii,  Wils.,  332. 
Oakesii,  Sulliv..  408. 
obtusifoliiini.  Di  uniin.,  400. 
ochraceuui,  'runi.,  401. 
oeilipoiliuin,  Milt.,  342. 
Oreganuin,  Sulliv.,  355. 
orthocladon,  Ucauv..  374. 
oxycladou,  I'rid.,  414. 
pallens,  Liiidb..  324, 
pciUrxrriis,  P,(>auv.,  390,  391. 
paludosuui,  Sulliv.,  330. 


Ilypnum  palustre,  ITedw,,  398. 

rassaicenso,    Lescj.    A:   James, 

Pcclcii,  Au^f.,  3S3. 
pilileruiu,  S,hrcb..  353. 
piiiiiaiiiiduiu,  Sulliv,  vt  Lesq,, 

planum,  r>iid.,  41 1, 
plicaiiie,  Les(i.  it  .lames,  394. 
plumosum,  S\vail/,  31.5, 
})Uiin(isn.it,  lli'ilw.,  3.!(!, 
pubjanlhos,  Sclireii.,  308. 
pulijanthitiii,  \ar.,  .3oS. 
j)oli,iciirih)ii,  l!l;iiui,,  380. 
polyLfauuun,  \\  ils.,  379. 
poh/iiioriiliniii.    Lmch    & 

Scliimp.,  .".7S. 
populeum.  Ilciw,,  ;!I5, 
pneloii^^uiii,  Linn.,  353, 
j)nLu>imuiu,  .Sulliv,,  .354. 
})ra-l(/n(jniii,  Mueli.,  354. 
jiraloiKjttiii,  var,,  ;>55, 
pratense,  Koeli,  397. 
procurrens,  Lesq,  it  .Lames, 321. 
])r()[[t'cruiii,  Linn,,  4!>7. 
jirolifcrniii,  Drumni.,  325, 
prulifuniin.  var.,  4; is. 
protiiberiiiiK.  iJrid.,  391. 
p.scmloiibuiKj.'iiiiii,  Urid  ,  345. 
pseiuluxeriri  ihu.  Muell.,  310. 
pseudo-Silcsiaeum,      Lesq.     & 

James,  ,370. 
piilclu'llum.  Dicks.,  304. 
pulcliiimin.  Ili'dw.,  351. 
pygmieum,  Suiliv.  it  Lesq, ,.322. 
radieale,  l5eaMV..  ;'.T;l. 
radieosum,  .Mill.    .■;20, 
ramulosiun,  llampe,  .328, 
reeognitiim,  Ilcdw.,  3:^5, 
recur  vans,  Scliwaeur,,  3.50. 
reflexum,  Staikc.  ;]1J. 
remotit'Dlium,  (irev,,  327. 
reptile,  MiciiN-.,  ;!',tO, 
revolv<'ns,  Swarlz,  3"^4. 
Kieliardsoni,  l.e-sq.  it   James, 

404, 
ripnrioldes.  TIedw.,  300. 
riparinin,  Ijiiiii,,  370, 
rivuiarc.  ISnicli,  3)14, 
robust um,  Hook,,  388. 
Royio,  Aust.,  301. 
riifc'scciis,  Dicks.,  315. 
ruJ'csriiiK,  Drnmm.,  310. 
JiW/rl!!,  Muei!.,  -.'Mi;. 
rmrosum,  Linn..  3s*^. 
ru'iuloHum,  Web.  it  Mohr,  388. 
rusci forme,  Weis,  ;].59. 
rutabuliim,  Linn.,  342. 
rnlnhnluni.  var.,  .344, 
Rnthrnirnu).  Wi'inm.,  31.5, 
salcbrosum,  Hoffm,,  330,  419. 


;  i. 


438 


INDEX. 


'tl 


,t 


u><  > 


Va 


.A^ 


llypnum  sahhrosuw,  Sulllv.,  ,335, 
saniieiUo.siiiii,  Wahl.,  -I«J3. 
Sciirnluiii,  Willil.,  4(U. 
scitu'.uiii,  Au.^l.,  ;]o;i, 
st'itiiiu,  Beaiiv.,  olli. 
sciurul(lc:<,  Liiui.,  2ss. 
scorpoitlcs,  Liiiii.,  4()(). 
JSendtiitM'i,  Scliiinp.,  ,381. 
!St!(jU(>i('Li,  Mucll..  31)2. 
stM'pcns,  JJuii..  373.  Hi). 
serpot'S,  var.,  373,  374.  :>70, 
scrriiliUuin,  ilfilw.,  3.";',). 
mit'siacuiii,    Jlouk.    &    Wils., 

37U. 
spiciiliferuin,  Mitt.,  ;')48. 
spleiuli'iis,  IIcilw.,  407. 
bpMKu'i,  Ilrui'li.  372. 
S(iiiari'().siiiii.  Liiiii.,  409,  420. 
8taikii,  IJrid..  .311. 
sLollatuiii,  ^ulin'i)..  37'.'. 
stelldtAiiii,  l)niiuiii.,  37'.'. 
Htvllainin,  var.,  ;!7.'^. 
Stokcsii,  Tuni.,  354. 
stoloiiilVniin.  Hook.,  348. 
straiiiiiKJiun,  Dicks..  40,j, 
struiiiiin  uin,  var.,  40.'). 
strnilrllmii.  Hrid.,  370. 
striiiosiiin,  llott'iu.,  351. 
strii/dsuiii,  var.,  352. 
suhlalcaLum,  Les(i.   &  James, 

371. 
suhiinpoiK'iis.  Lp.sq.,  39.^. 
suhrccti/oliuiii,  Siilliv.,  398. 
miMoiur,  .lames,  342. 
stil)til(\  IlolVm.,  372. 
Sullivaiitiie.  Scliimi).,  ,308. 
Suilivaiit.ii.  Sjinicc.  35:5. 
sylvalifUMi,  llmls.,  3(58. 
tamarisciiiiim,  il(>(l\v.,  325,  420. 
taiii'irtxciiium,  ISulliv.  &  Lesq., 

320. 
taxi/ollum,  Linn.,  88. 
tcudjr,  Driimm.,  32(». 
tpncrinit.  Hook.  cV:  Wils.,  3G5. 
Tliodeiiii.  Dartm..  .338. 
trichonianoidos,  Seliri'])..  285. 
tri('ho]ilu>rnni.  Sim'uci'.  3(i4. 
trifari:    n.  W'.'h.  A-  Mohr,  40.5. 
tri<|netruiii,  Linn.,  409. 
turt'apt'iini.  Fries,  3(1(). 
tur<;('>cfn-<,  Scliimp..  400. 
uml)ratmn,  Kiirli.,  407. 
uncinatiun,  HimIw.,  3S2. 
undulalUMi,  Linn.,  ;!0'.'. 
Utaliciisf,  Losq.  A  .lamos.  .3.39. 
vaoillins.  L<>sq.  cV-  .lames,  377. 
Vdriiiu,  Iioanv.,  ,373. 
varimi.   Hook.   &   Wils,.  324, 

374. 
Vi>nr*'i'M'i.  Sfliimp.,  414. 
velulinum,  L.nn..  339. 


Ilypniuii  vclulliiinii,  var.,  .341. 
vernieosiun,  LiiuU).,  ,385. 
Vlrnhiid'iuin,  Hrid.,  324. 
viridi',  La'n..  345. 
viti<:ulnsni'  ,  l^inn.,  3'M]. 
Watsoni,  Lesq.  tV:  .lani(;s,  386. 
Whippieaiunn.  Sulliv..  328, 354. 
Wrigiilii,  Siilliv.,  411,  419. 

Isophri/'iiuiii  clciidjis,  Lindb.,  300. 

nifidani,  IJndb.,  3;  4. 

Inridccuni,  Lindb.,  300. 
Lsollu'i;iinn,  347. 
IhoUiicluiu,  Drid.,  .347. 

a]>lciil(iluiii,  UiH'bon.,  ,300. 

laxijoUniii,  Lrid..  32!'. 

Dil/oNUiDitU'K,  lirid.,  .318. 

stoloni/eruiii,  Lrid.,  .348. 

Jungermanniarupetitris,  Linn.,  20. 

Lnnia  trirliohiitriuiii,  Beauv.,  278. 
Leerxi((,  lledw.,  180. 
Leptobiynm,  Sciiini]).,  215. 

pyritorm(>.  Schinip.,  215. 
Leptodon,  Molir,  278. 

cir('i)iiitns,  Suliiv.  280. 

Floridanus,  Lindb.,  414. 

iiniiii'r;<uiii,    ."Suliiv.    tk    Lesq., 
278. 

nitidus,  r>iiidl).,  27!). 

Obioensis,  .Siilliv.,  278.  418. 

tricliomilrion,  Molir,  278. 
Leptoln/iiiciuuiii    crislatunt, 
IJanipo,  289. 

duj>n((i.(o-scrratnm,     TIampe, 
291). 
Leptotliera.  Sohwao,£;r..  2;')!. 

Wriirhtii,  Suliiv.,  251. 
Leptolricbuni,  llauipe,  105. 

f1(>xi('aule,  llaiuiie,  107. 

,£ilauc('S(VMis.  Ilainpp,  108. 

honu)nialluni.  IlainiM',  io7. 

pallidum,  Ihunpc,  lo7. 

])usilht!n,  Hanipe,  10(). 

Scliimperi,  Lps(|..  1u8. 

tortile,  Mue!!.,  lo5.  41('). 

vauinans,  L('s(|.  A-  .James.  106. 
Leskea,  lledw.,  .301. 

ani»i!ndt<(,  lledw..  330. 

ad)i'il<i,  Miejix.,  357. 

anixrclld,  .'^•'liimp.,  299. 

tithitiintd,  lledw.,  30.5. 

Ausliui.  .Suliiv..  303. 

Jici/ficfiii,  llainpe,  .336. 

Cdli/oDiirn,  Ilampe.  332. 

cdtnnddtd,  Lindit.,  .320. 

co)ii))Idiid(d,  lledw.,  283. 

coiiijircssd,  lledw.,  312. 

cyiiihi/olid,  Ib'id..  411. 

deudroidiii,  lledw.,  314. 


IXDEX. 


439 


],.  .k.a  (IcnMf'ulata,  Siilliv,,  002. 
Iriulhri.  Siilli\.,  ;]41. 
frdijlUs,  Hook,  tt  \N  lis.,  liOO. 

intvhfirdia,  Wiis.,  ;>(i;]. 

laxi/olia.  Hook..  ".-JU. 

)iiici()C((ri>(i,  Scliiiiip.,  302. 

nervosa,  -Myi'iii,  ;502. 

vcn-dsd,  Sulliv.,  ;)02. 

obx'iini,  llfdw.,  ;JU1,  419. 

jiullcscenn,  Ilcihv.,  .'!i)0. 

paludoHa.  llt'thv.,  ;{(U. 

j)i(rniLi(,  Ilaiupe,  207. 

liilifvni,  Swarlz,  .■](!4. 

ji(il!/((iitli<(,  IIc<l\v.,  ;{08. 

polycarpa,  Khrh.,  :]ol. 

jiii!c/iell((,  Kethv.,  :!(i4. 

pulviiiata,  Wahl.,  .'io:',. 

r('curr(UiN,  ^lich..  :'M, 

riiji'Sfciix,  Wils.,  ;]2(). 

r<)K!f((tii,  Ilt'dw.,  oO."). 

rti,f('!<cciis,  Schwaegr..  .']lo. 

riiii'tncold.  Heilw.,  lloG. 

^■r'/o.s■'^II^■(l\v. ,  JUJO. 

n(/niirro,-<(K  Michx..  .'].")G. 

.sulitilif^,  Ilodw.,  ;J72. 

t<'iniir(>Kfri><.  Si'hiinp..  .'!57. 

trlc/iiiiiKinohU's.  Iledw.,  285. 

ti  istis,  ('(-sat.,  ;5()o. 

Wollci,  Aust.,  oU4. 
Leskim:.  21  is. 
Lkucoiskye.e,  90. 
Lc'ucohryuin,  Ilainpo.  00. 

(jldwniii.  ycliiiup.,  00. 

minus,  Sulliv.,  '.l. 

scdifornie,  ^rucll..  01. 

vul;,'ar(%  Ilampc,  00,  410. 

vnliare,  var.,  01. 
Lonoodon.  Srlnvaosjr.,  2S7. 

iMMclivpus.  IJrid.,  2S8. 

.iula^-cus.  Sulliv.,  2SS,  418. 
•iiir-ides,  Sc'liwaoi,'!'-,  2S8. 
Lei  I   ii>(»N'TK/E,  287. 
Ldir.olepin  acanthonciirn,  Lindb., 

240. 
LinmohiuTn,  308. 
Liinnohlnni.  lii'uoh  i^- Soliiiup.,  .308. 

alppslrr,  Brucli  &  Spliiuip.,4()0. 

arrtiriuu,  IJrui'li    &    Scliiiiip.. 

eir/>/>'!>nn.  Sfliiiiip..  401. 
mo//'',  r.rucii  A-  Schiiui>..  300. 
ochraccuiii,  Uvnr.h  A-  Scliinip., 

pnhittfrp,    Bruc'li    &    Sclunip., 
300. 

Warrnniifriiun.  Rri.I.,  178. 

cliirelltduiii.  S<'ii\v;4i>;^r.,  IGO. 
Dvet/ri,  SmIHv.,   17h. 
FitZ'/crnh.H,   Lesq.    &    .lann'!!. 
178. 


MacroiniLriuin     niurronifoliuui, 
Hook,  it  (iivv..  170. 

rliabdocaipiim,  .Mill.,   170. 

.Sidlivantii,  Murll..  178,  410. 
Meesia,  llcdw.,  212. 

AllHTlinii,  Jirucli  A:   .Schiuip., 
213. 

alp'nid,  Fnnok,  212. 

d((tU)((ta,  lli'dw.,  211. 

dciiiisfia,  lloppc  ct  llornsch., 
241. 

loui,nseta,  Ilodw.,  212,  415. 

M'tcnuiiii.  .\ust.,  212. 

inui(>)\  IJiid.,  212. 

ti'isticba,    lirueli  &    Scliimp., 
213,. 

uli^iuosa,  Iledw.,  212. 
Mkksik.k,  210. 
MoU'oriuMi,  i;>id.,  280. 

niirrcsci'ns,  Mitt.,  2S7. 

])cii(luluin.  8iilliv.,  2S(5. 
MicTol'i-yiiui.  Scliimp..  4.",. 

Fid'ikcaiuiiu.  Scliimp.,  45. 
Micromiti  ium,  Aust..  37. 

Austini,  Aust.,  ,37. 

nieiialospoiitui,  An  t..  37. 

svuoictnii.  Aust.,  ."m. 
Miclichliofciia,  Hornscb.,  214. 

iiilida.  Xccs  A-  llornscli.,  214. 
MniuiM,  Linn..  1^41. 

aciiiitlioncurou,    ScUwacr;!'., 
240. 

amuc.  Uland.,  244. 

alhirans,  Wald.,  l23. 

audroiii/iiiiiii.  liiuu.,  2.")2. 

Bbjttii,  IJnicliA:  Scliimp.,  257. 

ciurlidioidf's,  liucbcu..  2  is. 

cuspidatiuu,  llcdw.,  L42,  4i7. 

cuspidiitinn,  Neck..  244. 

ri/rldidii.lhtin,  SdiwacLjr.,  1.37. 

Drummoudii,  lirucli  & 
Scliimp.,  243. 

fniil'iiiuiii,  Linn.,  200. 

boiiunn,  Linn.,  24."). 

Ii>/iir(i))ii tricuiii.  laiui.,  202. 

bvincnoplivUoidi's,  llucbtiu., 
"240. 

insiLriH".  :Mitt.,  244. 

lycopodioidcs,  Scbwaotif.,  240. 

iiiin-<jiii(ituiii.  Ticuuv.,  24r). 

incdiinn,    IJrucb    tV,    Scliimp., 
243. 

^Mcnzicsii,  ]\Iuc!l..  210. 

Ncvii.  Muril..  -42. 

onlinifliyiiciiiim.       Piruch      & 
Schimn.,  2li'i. 

(miinnvldi'i  ii.ti,  Dicks.,  188. 

pidn-'itrc.  Liuii.,  L'-")2. 

pt  tlllillUni ,   [,iiin.,   IS7. 

p.tii  ill)  diDfl'fl  Hill,       IJiuoli       & 
Sdiliiri.,  240. 


440 


iXT.rx. 


■  ;  B. 


K  -U 


Mnium  puiiptatiiin,  TToflw.,  248. 
purjnireitiii,  liiun.,  '.(-J. 
pijrij'onni-,  Liiiii.,  21.j. 
rostratniii.  Sdiwaoiir..  243. 
serraliiin,  Jjiiidi.,  1145. 
ftilcaficuiii,  Lin. 11).,  242. 
S})iniJ'oi'inc,  Mut'll.,  251. 
spinosuiii,  .Schsvaegr.,  240. 
spimiiosuin,  Bruch  &  iSchimp., 

247. 
stellare,  Reicliard,  247. 
sti/(iiHin,    lii'ueli    &    Scliimp., 

"250. 
subii;l()l)Osnin,     Briich    «fc 

Schiiiii),,  24"^. 
trhiucfrniii,  I  Ann.,  213. 
tri(/Ui'f)'iiiii,   IIcilw.,  238. 
turi/iiliiiii,  Walil.,  253. 
uiiibratili",  -Milt.,  24(). 
vt'iiustuiu,  Milt.,  242. 
Murhi'ni  j)nlriiiat<i,  Schimp., 
Myui'i'lhi,  iiriu'li  &  .Schiin])., 

api(Mi!ata,    UmcU  &    Schimp., 

31)0. 
Carcyana.  Siilliv..  .".00.  410. 
julacoa,  IjiiicUit  Scliimp.,  3,)0. 

Na))())tutriu)ii  ifwrnm.,  Linilb.,  37. 
NeckfMu.  Ile'ilvv..  2>S1. 

ahicl(ii((.  ILook..  280. 

hrxrh^/inf^.  Miicll.,  288. 

hrnusfl.i.    Hook,  it  U'ils.,  311. 

Ciilii'orwicu.  Hook,  it  Aru.. 
280. 

citi>ilUt<i'a,  Miifll..  273. 

chalorrhizttiis.  Ilcdu-..  311. 

cluilorrhizitiis.  Hook.  iVr  W'ils.. 
312. 

cnvtijx  ixJn!  /,  .Mucll..  291. 

cyiiil)if()lia.  Mucll..  2S4. 

donhitUb-s.  Mucll...  314. 

dinilro'nU-^,  vai'.,  354. 

disticha,  Hcdw..  2.sl. 

^fiVifointih.  Mucll..  2^9. 

Floridaiui,  Aust..  284. 

(irnriUs,  ^[ucll..  290. 

IjUiloviciic,  Miicll.,  284. 

MuciiiDiii,  Sulliv..  279. 

iMcnziosii,  Druuirn.,  282. 

iiiurcscdiH,  iSchwiicLTi'.,  287. 

ohiiisufii,  .Milt.,  285, 

Oin'ocusis,  .\fucll.,  :^79. 

olii^^ocai'iia,  iJruch  iV:  ►Schimp., 
2.^3. 

pcDiiata,  ITcilw..  282,  419. 

pom  life,  %;*!■.,  2.8.3. 

psrinbdnpcrlll'd.  Mupll,,  288. 

puU-imitd.  Mud]..  3U4. 

pumihi.  Hcihv..  284. 

n(''nirni<I(  ><.   Mucll..  288. 

seducti-ix,  ilcdw.,  311. 


Xeckrvy  Rplachnnhlm,  Sohwaogr., 
29(i. 
snfinJnt(f.  Mucll.,  274. 
.Sullivdntl.  Mucll.,  313. 
unduhita,  Hedw.,  281. 

XECKKIiK.E,  275. 

NoLarisia,  150. 

Octoblopharuin,  Iledw.,  91. 

albidiun,  llcdw.,  91. 
Oc.todiro-aH  Jididnnni,  Brid,,  89. 
Oligotrichuin,  DC,  2.")8. 

aliijcruin,  Mitt.,  2.")8. 

(/lahratniii,  Lindb.,  200. 

kcrliiatuni,  IJruch  it  ISchimp., 
200. 

Lyallii,  Lindb.,  2."j9. 
Omalld,  Bruch  Ar  Schimp.,  285. 

U'ri'jlitil,  Sulliv.,  411. 
Oncup/ioruH    </lduriis,     Bruch     & 
Schiiuii.,  90. 

(irdcilcscciis,  Lindb.,  00. 

Sc/iifili,  Lindb.,  00. 

Wdlilenhp)'f/ii,  Brid.,  61. 
Orcowoisia,  Scliinip.,  58. 

sciTiihUa,  Schimp.,  .58. 
Orth(i]>t/.i'is     androijijna,    Bcauv., 
252, 

hctcrostlchn,  Bcauv.,  2.54. 
Oiniiori I I'X'iK.K,  307. 
Orlhothccium,  Bruch  &  Schimp., 
315. 

chrvseiuii,   Bruch  &   Schimp., 
3'l<). 

rulxdliun.  Lesq.  &  Janio=!,  315, 

rufcsccn.s,   Bruch  it   Schimp., 
315. 
Oi!Tii(»rinriiK.F.,  154, 
Orthotiicliiim,  Hcdw.,  104. 

atlinc.  Sclii-ad.,  KW. 

alpcstf(>,  Horn-'ch.,  I(i8, 

AiDcricdiiKiii,  Bcauv..  104. 

anonialiuu.  I[(>!l\v.,  104. 

Bolandcfi.  Siilliw,  107. 

braclivti'iclnim.  Schimp.,  172. 

nrurhii,  WiN.,   102. 

Catiadciisc,  Bru(,'h  it  Schimp., 
171. 

CdU'iilmf^e,    Sulliv.    &    Lesq., 
171. 

caiiiim.  Mitt.,  170. 

citriiniin,  Aust.,  171. 

codrchifuiii,  Bruch  it  Schimp., 
102. 

Cnlioiihli'inu.  Mitt.,  175. 

cousimilc.  Mitt.,  173. 

Vonllcri,  Mitt.,  173. 

cyifijiitluiii.  Hnicli,  HJ3. 

crispicn.  Hcilw,.  102. 

cupid;Uiun,  liotfm.,  105, 

curvi/oliuDt,  Wahl.,  102. 


INDEX. 


441 


Orthotriclium    oylindrocarpura, 

Lcsq.,  17.'5. 
diapliiimun,  Sclirad.,  17(5. 
dildtatuin,  Bruc'h  &  Schimp., 

102. 
Doinihisii,  Duby,  107. 
JJntiiiiHondii,  (iivv.,  101. 
el('!/(iiix,  Scliwac'j^r.,  lOl). 
exi:j;iuini,  8ulliv.,  174. 
fallax,  Scliimp.,  171. 
f<iNcicul(tf\  LaPyl.,  103. 
JIdiiiCKid.  A  list..  10'.). 
Ilallii,  Sulliv.  it  Lc.S(|.,  170. 
JJutf/itiitiid',  Siuitli,  104. 
Janu'siamuii,  Sulliv.,  177. 
Japoiiicum,   buUiv.   &    Lesq., 

104. 
Kiimiaiiniii.  T-csq.,  170. 
laiviiiatmii,  ZeLt.,  10.>. 
lei()cari)uiii,  Bruch  it  Scliiinp., 

174. 
ie.s7'»/'//,  Aust.,  10."), 
Liiilici'iii,  IJrid.,  1()1. 
Lyellii^  Hook.  iV  Tayl.,  177. 
obtusiVoliiuu,  Sclirud.,  177. 
oblHsifdliitiu.  Driimiu..  172. 
occhlcntalc.  .hunt's.  10!). 
OliiocMiHO.  Sulliv.  it  Lesq.,  170. 
paliens.  Hrucli.  17."). 
pa})HI(>NHiii.  Ilaiupc,  178. 
pdrnilnni,  Mitt.,  100. 


Pvrkii,  Aust..  Km. 


103. 


phylhtiit/inni,  Stcud. 
Portcri.  Aust..  Ki'). 
psilooarpuin,  .Tames,  173. 
pulcliclium.  Uiuuton,  175. 
pwiillioii,  Scli\vat\i;i-.,  171. 
X)ustUuii>,  Mitt.,  174. 
liituri,  Aust.,  10!). 
rivulare,  Turn.,  170. 
P/x/cyi,  Ijiiil.,  17"). 
lio'jeri,  Sulliv.,  175. 
Iii>()('r!,  Sulliv.  it  Lesq.,  177. 
rup('sii«>,  Sclileifli.,  107. 
S(iX((tili\  Brid.,  105. 
sordiduiu.  Sulliv.  it  Lesq.,  170. 
fipeciof<uiii,  Neos.  109. 
strancculatiuu.  Bciuv.,  172. 
striatum,  Ilodw.,  175. 
Sturinii,   Iloppe  &   Ilornsch., 

100. 
Siuriiiii,  Sulliv.  <t  Lesq.,  100. 
tenellum,  Brurli,  172. 
Tcxanum,  Sulliv.,  106. 
Watsoni,  James,  168. 

Paludolla,  Ehrli.,  213. 

squarrosa,  Brid.,  214. 
Pharomilriuin,  Soliimp.,  100. 

e.ri;niniii,  Aust.,  U)0. 

subsessile,  Schimp.,  100. 


PlIASCK.E,  .T». 
riuiscum,  Linn.,  41. 

uUcnii/dliiiin,  Sulliv.,  44. 

Jici/riclnuHniii,  Scliwaegr.,  47. 

bryoidts,  Dicks.,  42. 

Caruiolicum,    Web.    ifc    Mohr, 
42. 

co/uerens,  Ilodw.,  30. 

cruNslnerviuiit,  Schwaogr.,  38. 

craiisinerriniu,  vai'.,  3S. 

cri.'<puiii,  Hedw.,  52. 

crlHjtuiit,  var. ,  .52. 

cusi)i(hiluni,  Solircb.,  42.  415. 
Jlexuosttiii,  Scii\va(!gr. ,  40. 

Fliivkcaiuun,    Web.   ct    Mohr, 
45. 

ffi/iiniosfninoldcs,  Urid.,  43. 

Ludoclriiniiiin,  Sulliv.,  52. 

htulicutii,  Sclircb.,  40. 

nervosum,  lluok.,  44. 

ni'rrostiiii,  Druuim.,  44. 

nUidulniii,  '..iui-ll..  52. 

jxitiistre,  Sulliv.,  45. 

jxth'tis,  Ilodw.,  40. 

pilifcrnm,  Sclireb.,  42. 

Sc/itiiipcridiiuiu,  Sulliv.,  4L 

scrriitniit,  Sebreb.,  38. 

scmttuiii,  var.,  3!). 

dteiioiilii/llum,  Voit,  30. 

subulahDii,  Scbi'eb.,  43. 

SuUkdutii,  Sulliv.,  52. 

tri(jnetrniii,  Spruce,  41. 
Pbilouotis,   r.rid.,  208, 

calcarea,  Si'biui]>.,  209. 

fontaua,  Brid.,  20!). 

Macounii,  Lo.s(i.  it  James,  208. 

Mobriana,  I>os(|.  it  .lames,  210. 

^[ubliMibi'ruii,  Brid..  20S. 
Plnjllo'ldiunm  Norrc'/ieuin,  Sulliv., 

!)5. 
Physcomitn  11a,  Scliimp.,  39. 

patens.  Scliimp.,  39. 
PiiYscoMrntiK.E.  1!>5. 
Pbyscomitriuin.  I'.rid.,  190. 

acumiuatuui,  BruebifeSchirap., 
198. 

hidits,  Lindb.,  198. 

llookori,  llampe,  198. 

iuiuicrsuui,  Sulliv.,  I!)6,  418. 

lafifoUmn,  Lindb.,  19S. 

pyfjuuBum,  James,  197. 

pyriforme,  Brid.,  1!)7. 

sen-dtiaii,  Miiell.,  190. 

tetrdr/onuni,  Brucb  it  Scliimp., 
!!)(';. 

turbiuatum,  >ruell.,  198. 
Pilotfirlniin  afiir timni).  IJrid.,  280. 

(n)t!pi/n'firnni,  MuclL,  209. 

cilidtuiii,  Mucll..  152. 

ri/iiihijnliuiii,  Sulliv.,  28.5. 

disLicliUiii,  Beauv.,  281. 


!( 


442 


INDEX. 


Ik'  ^' 
h 


'ri 


P'doirirlnnn  (HsfJrJnnn,  Mnoll.,  270. 
.spliiniiiij'orutm,  MiK'll..  'J7U. 
iiinliildiitiii,  IJciiuv.,  li^li. 
l'I;v;4i()t,hci'iimi,  ','A\2. 
riaijiotlicriniii,  Schiinp.,  ;i(VJ. 
dcntinihitniii.     IjI'iicIi     & 

!S('liiiiip.,  .')()7. 
dciili'-iihdiuii,  var..  'M')',],  304. 
clciimts,  Scliiini).,  .'!()(). 
lalchrlculu,  Urucli  &,  Schimp., 

;it;;;. 
Mm  llcrlamnn,  Scliiiiip.,  uGS. 
Mnlilciihirli-li,     Jjrucli     ct 

Sdiiiiip.,  .')7(). 
nitiiltdaui,  liiucli  <Sc   .Scliinip., 

:',M. 
viliditiii,  Lindl)..  .'JG4. 
iiltiilaiii,  vui'.,  ;](i4. 
orfJi()cl(ii(ii(iii,     Bruch     & 

Scliiini).,  li(il>. 
Piissalccn.sc,  Aust.,  '•HV.]. 
■pilifcruin,  Ui'uc'li  &   (Scliimp., 

D(i4. 
2if<('ii<lo-Silcsia(;uin,     Scliiinp., 

;i7(). 
pulc/iclluin,  Bnich  &  Seliinip,, 

;{i;4. 
]U>\s('((nuiii,  Biuch  &  tschinip., 

;5()S. 
striiitcllniii,  Lindb.,  .^70. 
siihi'dlcitluiii,  Aust..  ;j71. 
SnllirfDitke,  Scliiiii]).,  ;](»S. 
sijlrdticniii,  lirucli  &  ^Scliiinp., 

:W.>. 
titrt'drpKii),  Lindh.,  .''.GO. 
itii(liiliduin,  linich  &  Schiinp. , 

;JG!). 
latyLiviinni,    Bruoli    &    Schimp., 
^■{117. 
rojicns,  Bruoli  <S:  Schimp.,  307, 

-111), 
ricuridiiun,  Briil.,  43. 

altt'inifolium.  I>rid.,  44. 
Bolundni,  Mii.-Il.,  44. 
ncrvofotiii,  Siilliv.,  44. 
paliistrc.  V>vu('h  A-  Schimp,,  45. 
I>av(Mi(>lii.  Aiist..  43. 
stronlncnin,  Siilliv.    it   Lesq., 

43. 
subulatnm.  Bruch  &  Schimp., 

4:',. 
Snllivaiitii,  Anst.,  44. 
Pleuhcmaijpi,  275. 
Pleurae  iKCte    squarrosa,     Lindb., 

130. 
Plouroziuin,  407. 
Pogonatuin,  Boanv.,  200. 
nl])!!!!!!!!,  iJochl.,  2G3. 
((rcticuui,  lioclil..  203. 
alrovircns,  .Mitt,.  •J()2, 
brachyphyllum,  Bcauv.,  201. 


Po,c;onatiiin  brovicaulo,  Beauv.,  200. 

(.•ai)iihii('.  Brill.,  201. 

coiitDrMim,  l.c'.scj.,  202. 

deiitatiini,  Brid.,  201. 

deiitdhiiii.  L('s(i.,  2(52. 

IdtrrdU',  Brid,,  2(i2, 

scplcidrionulc.  Kuchl,,  203. 

ui'iiii^criiui,  litauv.,  202,  417. 

iinii'i(  ruin,  Driimin,,  201. 
Poldia.  2i0, 

PokllK  iiciimiiKltii.  llojjpc  & 
lioius.'li..  210, 

(tyclird,  K,  IJiowii,  224. 

((re tied.  vai',.  22-1, 

bri/oiihs,  II.  lliowu.  225. 

eloii'i'da,  llcdw.,  217. 

hirlliKilii.  Swariz,  220. 

})oll/iii<iriili(i.    \lo[>[){i     & 
lloiiiscli..  „iO. 

piirjiiir((srcn.s,  11,  IJi'own,  224. 
PohjtricliKdclpltus    Li/alUi,   MitL., 

25', ». 
PoLYTi;i<  in:,K.  255. 
Pulytiicluiiii,  Liiiu,,  26-3. 

alpcxtrc,  lloppc,  2(i5. 

ulpiuuui,  Jjiim,,  203. 

aiuiuNhduni,  Biid.,  250. 

atteuuutuiii,  Mt'iiz,,  2()4. 

hr((cli!ip]iijUuiii,  Miclix,.  201. 

brerlj'dUuui.  U.  Hrowu,  203. 

C((pilli(r(\  .Miclix..  2(il. 

C((pill(ir(\  vai'.,  202. 

conniimu',  Biiiu,,  200,  417. 

coiilortuiit,  Mcliz.,  202. 

dciitdf.uiii,  ^iciiz,,  202. 

formosiini,  Ilcdw.,  204. 

pracih'.  Mcuz,.  2()4. 

junipcriimm,  Willd.,  205. 

junipcrhiiim,  var..  205. 

Peini!i!/h:((niciiii>,  Hcilw,,  260. 

por'nionide,  Miciix,,  200. 

pilift'rum,  Schreb,,  204. 

striclum.  Banks,  205, 

sylvaticutn,  ^Icnz,,  203. 

ten  lie,  Monz,.  2(il, 

^luduldtiiDi,  llcilw,,  250. 

■urniiierinu,  liimi.,  203. 
Pottia,  Eh  ill.,  101). 

Barbula,  Miicll,,  102. 

bri/oides.  Bind  I).,  4.3. 

cavifolia,  Elirh,,  101. 

cnrtirntdi'is,  Ehrli.,  .54. 

eiif<t»iii((.  Elirii,,  101. 

llciiiiii,  Eucrii.,  102. 

latifolia,  .Muell,,  103. 

iiiiniitula.  Eiierii.,  101. 

plli/erd,  Lindb..  104. 

j)ilij'(ra,  vai'..  lO;;. 

piiniUd,  Lindb..  101. 

riparia,  Aust.,  102. 

rubi'juwsa,  Watson,  126. 


,43' 


INDEX. 


443 


5 


Pottia  Starkcana,  ^ruoll.,  103. 

Sftirlici,  var.,  101. 

HKlisrstitUis,  Uriieh  &  Schinip., 
lUO. 

tniiicata,  Fiicrn.,  101,  4!0. 

Iriiiiriilii,  var.,  KCi. 

Wilsoiii,  ikiK.'h  it  tichimp.,  101. 
roTiii:.i:.  Ii)(i. 
PsiMiil()l)raiuii;i.  lok 
l*s(!U(l()l('sk('a,  oH). 
I'scndnli'.skcii,    Brucli   &   Scliiinp., 

atroi'ircns,  Bruch  &  .Schinip., 

.•;iii. 

cdt'iinldtd,  Bi'iich  ct  .Srhiiiip., 

;wo. 

coii'icfild,    Druch    it    Schinip., 

rli/csrcuK,  r/iiiill)..  .'!20. 
Psil(tpiliiiii,  ISrid..  'S)\K 

ari.'licuiii.  IWiil.,  l'iK). 
Ptori^yiiaiulrmii,  Ilfihv.,  2SS. 

(ti)iciiliili(iii,  IJriil.,  ',l')4. 

Cdniliiii'niiiiii,  ISri'l.,  oil. 

fililoriiic,  l!c(hv.,  lisi). 

uracilc,  llc.iw.,  2i)0. 

'hirtrllniii,  Ih'Aw.,  L'UO. 

iufricdlinii,  llodw.,  :'>()9. 

jul.dc<H:ii,  llcdw.,  :i>S. 

rcpciis.  Brill.,  ;!iiT. 

siihrdiiilldlitii),  Hcihv.,  .TIO. 

trii'/ioiiiitrion,  llcilw.,  liT8. 
Pteroi^oniiiiii.  SwarU,  lis'.). 

bracliyiitcrimi,  Milt..  200. 

gracill',  Swarlz,  2'.':),  420. 

ncrcoxnid,  Sciiwac!;!'. ,  .'J02. 

porpiisiUnm,  I)(;Xot..  21)7. 

prorin-n-)i'<,  .Mlit.,  ■'.21. 

ri'i'i  ii'f,  SciiwacL::!'.,  .']o7. 
Pteryg'>l>li.vll'iin,  iirid.,  20.3. 

diioiiidlitiii,  .Mitt.,  20;>. 

liio(Mi.-!.  I'.i-iil..  20;J,  410. 
Pllliniii  crhl'i-cd.'itrensLs,  DeXot., 

:]<:■. 
I'lyciioiniiriiiin,  IJruch  tfe  Schimp., 
15';. 

])i'Uiiiiiioii(!ii,  Siilliv.,  !.")7. 

(Janliicri.  Lc-q.,  l.")(). 

iiicnrvui;i.  Suiliv.,  l.J7.  410. 

imsiUniii,  Urucii  it  Scliitiip..l.'")7. 

pyu'iiutMun.  lyi'S'i.  it  .lauK's,  l.")7. 
I'l.i/c/io.'iloiiiJiin  iK'iithiUtid, 

liorii.'^ch.,  22."). 
Pl/ldi('(i,  Liiiill).,  :!()S. 
Pi/lcii.sd'd  rddhuins,  Dosv.,  .j07. 
Pylai-iia.  Briidi  it  Scliiiiip.,  ;]US. 

dc  iiirttidid,  siiiJA-..  ;;oo. 

lioteromalla,  BrucL  ct  .Scliiiiip., 

308. 
intricata,   Bruch    &    Scliimp., 

300,  418. 


Pi/laiKid  Jd)iiefiil,  Siilliv.,  ;»00. 

polyaiitlia,  Biucii  it  .Scliinip., 
;;'os. 

siilidcnliciilata,  Schinip.,  308. 
Pyraiiiidiiia.  liiid.,  100. 

tctra;_;uiia,  Ijfid.,  I'.Ki. 

Udcli(>i>'ilinii  didiiudlniii,  .SchwacgN, 

2o;;. 

liaconiitriiiin,  IJrid..  147. 

acirulaic,  i5ri(l.,  J  IS,  417. 

c.imscriis,  l!rid.,  l.")l. 

(ictni'ssiim,  l.i'M|.,  148. 

ci'lcoiil's,  llrid..  l.M. 

CasiMcuiiiic,  r.iid..  l.'iO. 

lu'tcrnstichiini.  llrid.,  149. 

JaiiULiiiio-inii.  llrid.,  l.'il. 

iiiici'ofiiriiiiii,  llcdw.,  140. 

niici'dciiriMini,  llrid.,  l.")(). 

Ncvii,  \\;ll^()ll,   14S. 

imtciis,  llinhiii.,  147. 

Suilciicuiu,  ilriich  it  Srjiiinp., 
140. 

variiiiii.  I.cs<|.  it  .laiiuis,  ITjO. 
lkai)]iiil(is:cL;iiini.  '■)'>■>. 
lidiiid  .sr/7'/.  .\iist.,  .';-_'2. 
lihaljdoWH'isia,  lirucli    it    Schinip., 
.")S. 

dciiticulata,  Brucli  it  Scliimp., 
.V,». 

fii'iax',  Bnicli  it    Schimp.,  .W, 
4 1.-). 

Scliisli,  Brnch  &  Schimp.,  00. 
Ivliiz()'_'(Miiiini,  llrid.,  2.")0. 

dcdiilhmu  iii-fiii,  Mii"]l.,  249. 

sninii'ormc.  Bruch,  2.")1. 
Hhndohiynm,  230. 
liliynchostc'iimii,  .'i.'iS. 
li/iijdrli(>str</iinii,  Schimp..  .''.."iS. 

di-lirdliilinii,  .lames.  ;l")S. 

dcinissiini.   Brnch   ct   Schimp., 

elcijdiis,  r.indl)..  ."100. 
<li()jihilnjii.  .Anst.,  ;i.")8, 
Jdiiirsi!,  Snlliv.,  .'l.-jS. 
Xi>>-(i>-( '(•.'<dr('(i\  Anst.,  3.'0. 
]>rd  Idiii/iiiii,  DcNof..  ;]'>.). 
riisrlj'oniic,  Brnch  it  Schimp., 

.'lOO. 

TcixiUdi'u   Bruch  &   Schiinp., 
.'Ulo. 
Bhytidinm,  :;S8. 

Sdldiiid  r(vs!d.  I.indh.,  108. 
Schi'itidimn.  l:ll. 

A(/'i'<Ni-:ll.  Snlliv.  it  T-osq.,  1.36. 
diiihi'iitnni.  Snlliv..  13.'). 
apdrdrjiuni,  Brnch  &  Schimp., 

i:t(;. 
cont'crtnm.  Bruch  &  Schimp., 
13.;. 


444 


INDEX. 


'■A 


Schistidittm  maritimum,  Bmcli  & 
Sc'liimp.,  i;>7. 
seri-dtinii,  ilook.  &  Wils.,  100. 
Hiibsexnile,  lin'il.,  100. 
SchisLosloijii,  Mohr,  1S8. 

osiiiuiiduceu,    Web.    <Sc    Mohr, 
l.ss. 

SCUKSTOSTKOEyE,  188. 

Schlotl>(>iniia,  ISrid.,  170. 

ruiiij'olia.  Hook,  ife  Wils.,  180. 

Sullivuiilii,  Muell.,  180,  410. 
Scloropodiiini,  ;340. 
Sderupudiuiii,  tSchiinp.,  ;540. 

cubxpUosiua,  Urucli  tfe  iScliiinp., 
;540. 

iWcebrum,  Bruch  «fe  Schiuip., 
;i47. 
Scorpidimii,  400. 
Scoult'iiii.  i:J7. 

(t(/u(ilic(i,  Hook.,  137. 
Selij;cri;i,  Bnicli  &  >5(diiiiip.,  00. 

calciuca,  15ru('li  it  Schimp.,  07. 

Doiiinnn,  Miu'll.,  0(i. 

pusilia,  Briicli  iV-  .Sclilinp.,  00. 

rocurvata,  BriicU   «fc   JScliimp., 
07. 

setnrcfi,  Liiidb.,  07. 

trifdiid,  Liiidb.,  07. 

tiisticba,  Bnic'b  &  Schimp.,  97, 
41.-). 

SKI,I<iKl!Ii:.E,  W). 

SkUophyllnni,  La  Pyl.,  81. 
Spha'ran^iiiiu,  Schimp.,  40. 

iniUicuni,  Scliimi>.,  40. 

niftscciis,  L(>sq.  tt  .lames,  40. 

SchiiiipcriaiHini,  Lcsq.  & 
Jaiiios,  41. 

triqiK'trimi,  Schimp.,  41. 
SpharorfplialuK,  Nook.,  252. 

SlMIAONACK.i:,   J  1. 

Sphagiuim.  Dill.,  12. 

aciilifolimn,  Ehrli.,  13. 
acufi/dUinii,  var.,  13. 
auririilafiiDi.  liCsq.,  20. 
Aiistini,  Sulliv.,  21. 
cnjiillifoliinii,  II<'d\v.,  13. 
com  pa  el  111)),  Ih'id.,  18. 
compnrfin)),  var.,  17. 
CO)}tn)-tii)u,  Schuhz,  19. 
co])f(irfiiii),  var.,  20. 
O'ihrnfiii))),  Lindb.,  24. 
cuspidalMiii,  Kbili.,  14. 
ciisj>i(lat.)iiii,  var.,  15,  20. 
cyolophylkim,  SulUv.  &  Lesq., 

22. 
cymbifolium,    Ehili.,    21,    23, 

41.5. 
cymhifolhi))).  var.,  24. 
finibriatnm,  Wils.,  14. 
Fitzijoraldi.  Kenanld,  23. 
Garbeii,  Lesq.  &  James,  18. 


Sphnr/niim  Girf/ruaohnU,  Russ.,  14. 

hiiiiiilp,  Sell  imp.,  17. 

liUDiiU ,  Aust.,  19. 

Iil/pui)lii( s,  Ih'auii,  1.5. 

iiitoniit'diiim,  Hoi't'm.,  15. 

lariciiitim,  Spnic*;,  19,  411. 

larlchiii))),  Aust.,  14. 

litrifhiuDi,  var.,  23. 

l<iti/i>liiiiii,  lledw.,  21. 

lawi/ollu)!),  Miifll.,  15. 

Lcsciirti,  Sulliv.,  19. 

Lindl)('r;4ii,  Schimp.,  15. 

iDacioiiliyllum,  Bcrnh.,  24. 

Mcndocinuiii,  Sulliv.  &  Lesq., 
20. 

molic,  Sulliv.,  18. 

iDollc,  Au.-it.,  18. 

inoUe,  var.,  IS. 

mo//».sro/(/r.s',  Mucll.,  18. 

vinlluscvDi,  Jjiiich,  21. 

Mucllori,  Schimp.,  17. 

nri))0)'ONii)ii.  .Scop.,  13. 

obtiisifoliitiii,  var.,  23. 

j>nliisl)c,  Liuii.,  21. 

papillosinn,  Liudb.,  21. 

rortoriceiise.  11a mpe,  22. 

p>/fn<)cl<ulii))i,  Aiigstr.,  17. 

Pylacsii,  Brid.,  23. 

Pylitiei,  var.,  23. 

rpciu'iuo)!,  Ucauv.,  1.5. 

ri,<j;idum,  Schimp.,  17. 

rubclhun,  Wils.,  13. 

sedoidcs,  Brid.,  23. 

sedoidcs,  var.,  24. 

scrr((tu))),  Aust.,  1.5. 

sqiin)To.^ului)),  Lesq.,  16. 

squarrosum,  I'crs..  15. 

squdvrosu))),  var.,  10. 

strictum,  Lindb.,  13. 

st7'ictu))i,  Sulliv.,  17. 

sul)sccujidum,  Noes,  10. 

svt>si'ru))ihim,  var.,  20. 

Sullir(inti<iriun),  Aust.,  22. 

Uihiihtrc,  Sulliv.,  18. 

tcncllum,  Elirb.,  20. 

teuo-uii),  Sulliv.  &  Lesq.,  18. 

teres,  Amt-tr.,  1(». 

Tor)'ryanitiii,  Sulliv.,  15. 

vitli/tn-c,  Alichx.,  21. 

Wulfianum.  (Jirgens.,  10. 
SprAciiXK.i:,  ISO. 
Splachnum,  Linn.,  103. 

ampnilaccmn,  Linn.,  104,418. 

a)i'ni-'<f(itiii)i,  Linn,  fil.,  102. 

Jidi/elliirc,  Ih-id.,  101. 

F)-n'li<-fiianii»i,  Hedw.,  190. 

luteum,  liinn.,  105. 

iDelaiiocdiilo)),  Schwaegr.,  195. 

vinii)iil('H,  Linn.  (11.,  192. 

rubrum,  Linn.,  105. 

seiTatum,  Uedw.,  191. 


J 


M 


i 


INDEX. 


445 


Splachnnm  setncctim,  Midix.,  11)2. 

,i('t((('<u)ii,  Hook,  it  Wils.,  I'X). 

s})luui'i('iiiii,  ]^iiin.  til.,  I*J4. 

urceoldtuiii,  Ilcdw.,  1!)2. 

Vivsculostiiu,  I/niii.,  11)4. 

Woniiskioldii,  lloriu'ui.,  104. 
Sporledera  Beyricliiuna,   lluuipo, 
47. 

palu.'ilrifi,  Schinip.,  45. 

S<-/iwivi/flclic)it,  Iliunpe,  49. 

setiJ'oUd,  .laegor,  40. 
Sticoocaui'I,  ")!. 
Stcreodou  urctlcnx,  Mitt.,  400. 

Jhiiiihcr'jcri,  liiiulb.,  ;5'J7. 

ccUUcliroiis,  \W\{.\.,  ;}'jy. 

c/irysrun,  ilitt.,  ol('>. 

circinnlix,  Brid.,  ;j1)2. 

circiil(ii-is,  Mill.,  ;iU7. 

com)nut((tHti,  Milt.,  DSl. 

compact Hn,  Milt.,  o70. 

coiiiplexnx,  ^lilt.,  .".i)7. 

crinln-cttstroiuLs,  Milt.,  .^SO. 

ciiprct^sij'in-iiiix,  Brid.,  l!S)5. 

ciirvlfolijtx,  Brid.,  81)(). 

CHspidatita,  lirid.,  404. 

Donlaniis,  Milt.,  oU7. 

Jilicinus,  Mitt.,  IJSO. 

(jetuiniis,  Mitt.,  305. 

yi(/(niteus,  Milt.,  403. 

llaldanci,  Lindb.,  398. 

hai)iulosus,  Liiidh.,  391. 

inipo)i('us,  Bi'id.,  393. 

Kneijt'il.  Milt.,  380. 

obtusifolius.  Milt.,  400. 

or.hrarciis.  Mitt.,  402. 

pdllescPHs,  Lindl).,  390. 

l>lir<it,ilis,  M\H.,  394. 

pliuiiij'or,  Mitt.,  394. 

poh/cDifJins,  Milt.,  308. 

jmirhcllufi,  Ivlitt.,  304. 

Iiiefi(U'(l.so}ii,  ISIitt.,  404. 

riparius,  Milt.,  377. 

robust  us,  Milt.,  388. 

ruhcllns,  ^litt.,  315. 

rufescois,  Milt.,  315. 

Sdirebrri,  Mill.,  404. 

turfarrus.  Mitt  ,  300. 

■unciiKitiis,  Brid.,  ;>S2. 

undnldlns.  Mitt.,  309. 
Swarlzid  rdpilhirra,  Hodw.,  93. 

incliiiatii,  Tlpdu'.,  94. 

moiitdud,  Lindb.,  94. 
Syrrliopodoii,  .SchwaoEtr.,  Iv85. 

albnrn<jindtus,  Hook.  &  Wils., 
185, 

crispus,  Aust.,  185. 

excelsus,  Siilliv.,  100. 

Floridanus,  Sulliv.,  185,  416. 

Leaniis,  Sulliv.,  79. 
linuc',  Aiist.,  70. 

Texamis,  Sulliv.,  185. 


Si/slrf/iutn,  Srhlinp.,  51. 

eri/tln-ostfiiiuni,  Sohiinp.,  52. 
Si/stijlinm  splucliuuidc^f  Jiorubch., 
190. 

Tayloria.  Hook.,  190. 

scrrala,  Bnicli  A-  Sohlmp.,  191. 
splaclnioidt's,  Hocdv.,  191. 
tfuuis,  Scliiinp.,  191. 
Tetj{AI'iiii)i;j:,  18(1. 
Tolrai>liis,  llcdw.,  18(5. 

gfiiiculalu.  (iii^ons.,  187. 
ptdliicida.  II. '(Iw.,  180,  410. 
rcjidiiilii,  I'luicKc,  187. 
Tolraplodon,     Bruili    tV    Soluinp., 
191. 
ani,nislatiis,  Briifh  it  Schinip., 

192. 
aiist rails,  Sulliv.  &  Lcsq.,  192, 

418. 
iimioidos,    Bru(.'li    it    Scliiiiip., 

192. 
ur<'t'()lalu.s,  Bruch  it  Sdiiuip., 
193. 
Tetrodonliuin,  Sclnvaogr.,  187. 
rcpanduni,  Schwacgr.,  187. 
Tlianuuiiiu,  3(')1. 
Thuiiniiiiin,  Siduuip.,  .302. 

Allcuhanhusv,    Bruch    & 

Scliinip.,  3()2. 
7icrlicroid(S,  Bruch  &  Schimp., 
302. 
Tholia,  Sulliv.,  298. 

aspn-Ua.  Sulliv.,  299. 
hirtollit.  Sulliv.,  299,  419. 
Loscurii.  Sulliv.,  299. 
rohusta.  Did)}-,  299. 
Thuidiuui,  321. 
Thiiiiliiiiii,  Schimp.,  .322. 

abicliiiiiin,  Biuch  &  Schimp., 

320. 
cestivum,  y\ust.,  323. 
A  lie  III,  Aust.,  327. 
BliniduKii,  Bruch  &  Schimp., 

dcllcatulum,  Bruch  it  Schimp., 

325. 
dclirdtulum.  Mitt.,  320. 
erect  mil,  Duby,  323. 
lirac'de,  Bruch  it  S  diiinp.,  .324. 
Icucnnctiruni,  Lcsq.,  328. 
iniiuUuUun,  Bruch  it  Schimp., 

322. 
pyqiiKKuin,  Bruch  &  Schimp., 

322. 
recoynituin,  Lindb.,  325. 
.scituiii,  Aust.,  323. 
taindi'iscifdliuin,  Lindb.,  325. 
td.iiid7'isci)iiiiii,    Bruch    & 

Schimp.,  325. 
Vh-rjiniaiium,  Lindb.,  324. 


440 


INDEX 


h 


Tiiiiiuia,  Ui'ihv..  254. 

Aiistiiaca,  llcdw.,  2.15. 

ciir.nlldfn,  Miclix..  L'.").;. 

nH>'j:iil"''i'''i"'i>  Iledw.,  ii5l,  417. 
Tim  mum:,  -'"»4. 
Tortnlit  iiiiihii/iKi,  Aii'^'str.,  110. 

utrorirciiH,  Liiiilb.,  llJi. 

hrcriroslriti,   lluok.   tSc    (Jrcv., 
11."). 

cd'spifosn,  Ilnok.  it  (ii'(!V.,  118. 

coiirohitii,  Sclirad.,  JliT. 

ora.s'N'/KTf/N,  DcNot.,  117. 

ClDK'ifolid,  Iv'otli.  117. 

cylui(lri'-(t,  I,iii(ll».,  125. 

])ounvnil.  A  list..  128. 

fni'iins,  Wiis.,  i;;i). 

(irdrilis,  Sclilcii'li.,  127. 

'liHiiitllH,  15rM..  12'.t. 

iinhcrhiN,  Siiiitli.  121. 

vicriiiiK,  ^Moiit.,  I'M. 

iiisiildrc,  I)('\()t.,  125. 

ImripUii,  Scliwac;;]'..  1.'»2. 

IdtiJ'ollii,  llartin.,  l;;2. 

Lanrori,  Lindl).,  115. 

inarn'nittfd,  Sprui'c,  118. 

inciiihrdDi/uliii,  lldolc.     '0. 

Diucroiiifdliii.  Schwai'L;       131. 

vniralis,  llcdw..  1 1'.'. 

obtiiKifdliii,  Srlilcicli.,  114. 

2^di>illosd,  Wils.,  l.'i.'I. 

j^rincrpx,  IJeXot.,  I'-','.]. 

rpi'iirrifdlid,  r.crlc,  122. 

rluhhtld,  Liiidb.,  1213. 

rnmUs,  Kluli.,  I.']2. 

sqitduiVjcrd,  DeN'ot.,  110. 

stelldtd,  Lindl).,  110. 

.Hiihfrcctii,  Hook.  A-  Wils.,  115. 

.sithnldtd.  Ucilw'..  1:31. 

fiuhnldld,  var.,  i;Jl. 

tortiidsd,  Khrli.,  129. 

iiiifliilcnldtd,  Kotli,  120. 

Vd/ilidHd,  \\'\]<.,  117. 

vhifdliK,  S])nu'e,  124. 
Truchiipiis  niiji    ■*'"('»«,  Mitt.,  247. 
Tri'niatodoii,  .Mirhx.,  (12. 

aml)iu;imiii,  lloi'iiscli.,  03. 

loii!j;i('oHis,  3Iicli\-.,  (;:5,  410. 

lo)i[iirollis,  Sulliv.  &  Lesq,,C3. 
Triclioiioii,  Scliliii]).,  !)2. 

cylindrkai.s,  Schiini).,  fl.3. 
Tricliostoiiuiin,  Siniih.  lOS. 

wriifiiiiotiUDi,  Litidh.,  53. 

anonialuin,  Schiiiip.,  110. 

calcdrcHiii,  Liiidl).,  5.3. 

t'diKdlcitse,  Michx.,  151. 

cmiescenK,  llodw.,  151. 

ccnunnii,  Lindb..  114. 

Coloradonso.  Aiist.,  411. 

conrolittuiii,  r>rid..  1 13. 

cvdKsincrre,  llajnpf,  110, 

crispuluin,  Briich,  109. 


Trichosfomwncylindricuin,Tic(lw., 

1»3. 
/(ificividdvc,  Sclirad.,  150. 
llavo-virciis.  l>iiicli.  Kt'.i. 
Jlc.ru'dulc,  Unicli   it    bfhiiup., 

1()7. 
flcxijK's.  IJnicli  A-  Schiiii]).,  110. 
J'niitiii((l()iil(!i.  llodw.,  134. 
(/IdUi'i'ftcciis,  I  It'll  w.,  108. 
(riicinii!,  -Mucll.,  1 14. 
hi'fcroiiidll'iiii,    IJnich    & 

Schiiiiji,.   107. 
Iicti  r'it>liclidiu,  llcdw..  150. 
Idndiiliiostiiii,  Ih'dvv.,  151, 
Idtifdlhtiii.  Schwai'i:!'.,  HI. 
LdKi-crl.  bclmllz,  1 15, 
lurlilinii,  Spriicf,  105, 
viirfocdrpnni,  Fiiiicko,  149. 
7h)ilit[d.suill.  All'<t.,   100. 
ohlhimtiii,  MiU'll.,  1 15. 
j)dUi(lnid,  Ilt'dw.,  107. 
l)dt()d<,  Siliwacm  . ,  147. 
])iisilhiiii,  llcdw,.  lUO. 
pitnilliiiii,  var,,  100. 
l)yrir()riiic.  Lcs(|,  A  .lames,  109. 
riuidiihiiii,  Siiiiih.  1-3. 
rnhclhtui,  ilahcub.,  i04. 
sciluliiiii,  All-it.,  04. 
SiKh'iiniin,  Fuiickc,  149. 
Si/stilinin,  MiH'lJ.,  111. 
tfinuc,  llcdw.,  100. 
ttniiirn.-iirc,  Liiidb,,  105. 
topliacciiin,  Urid.,  100. 
tort  III ,  Schiad..  100. 
tortile,  var,,  10(). 
V((!/hi(Hi.'<,  Siilliv,,  100. 
Triptoroolad  i  uia,  330. 

Ulota,  INIolir,  100, 

Americana.  Milt.,  102. 
IJarclayi.  :Milt.,  104. 
JJriioliii.  noMisch.,  102. 
crispa.  IJrid.,  102, 
crispnla,  J!rid..  103, 
ciirvifolia,  l.iid..  101. 
Druiiiiuoiidii,  lliid.,  101. 
llutcbinsite,  Scliiuip,,  103,  417. 
interiiicilld.  Schiiiip.,  102. 
Jyiidwi',ni,  J>rid..  101, 
phyllanllia,  Hrid,,  103. 

Webora.  IToilw,,  215. 

aouminata,  Scbiinp,,  210. 
albicans,  Scliimp,,  222, 
annotina,  Scliwaci;r.,  219. 
IJiSi^lovii.  Lcsq.  it  .lames,  22.3. 
Bolandcri,  Lesq.  &  James,  220. 
carnoa,  Scliimp.,  221. 
coininiitata,  Scliimp.,  220. 
crnda,  Scb'Mip.,  218. 
cucullata,  Soluuip.,  218. 


IXDEX. 


4i7 


Wcbora     r'uinnioiulii,     Lcsq.     »fc 
Janu'.s.  2 1 'J. 
eloiii,Mtu.  .Srlnvaoj^r.,  '2\0, 
interim  ilid,  Scliwui'.L,'!".,  J'JS. 
Lt'scMiikuui,    Lescj.    t)c    James, 

Joii'^irollii,  If   ilw.,  "JlT. 
niiilic;iiilis.  l,f.si|.  A-  Jauics,  i.'20. 
nutans,  llcJw,,  -JIT. 
imlch'  Ihi.  S>  ,'iiiini.,  -j'^i. 
Pl/rifor.ni.s,  llcdw.,  'J\'>. 
holjiiuperi.  .Scljiinji.,  21U. 
sessilis,  Liii(ll)..  l'()7. 
siiliaunii'olii.  .Si'liimii.,  210. 
'I'ozcri,  Scliiiiiip.,  22:J. 
Weisia,  lli'dw..  .j."). 
acuta,  llcilw.,  US. 
Jiriin(l('(/ei.  A  list.,  50. 
calc'ireii,  Ilcthv.,  !>T. 
cirrliatd,  llrdw.,  O.S. 
controi'crsn,  HclIw.,  50. 
crisjiitlii,  Ilt;il\v.,  57. 
ctinuroxlris,  Auct.,  104. 
cyllndrif/i,  Bnicli,  105. 
dentlcnhitd,  iJriil.,  5U. 
fu'jux,  II.'ilw.,  .VJ. 
(jyiiinostoinoi'b'Sy   Xees   & 

IIoi'iiscli.,  50. 
latifoUit,  Scliuat'm'. ,  10;3. 
lotijiiiCH,  Soiimicif..  (!;}. 
loiiniscta,  L('S(|.  i\,-  .hiiuos,  50. 
vilcrotlotitii,  ik'tlw.,  50. 
microstoiua,  ^'ees  tfe  Iloniscb., 

50. 
nlfjrifn,  TIedw.,  211. 
piiKilld,  Ilt'dw.,  OC). 
recurvirotitris,  Auct.,  104. 


W'liila  Srliisfi,  Rrid.,  00. 

S'lnjcri,  Hook,  it  Wils.,  07, 

m  rriihtld,  Fuiniu',  .">S. 

»(>larhii'lilrs.  scliwat'i,'!'.,  lUO. 

iSturli-cd.id.  ll.ihv,,  lo:{. 

tijunirotitris,    lluok.   &   Tayl., 
105. 

ttiuiis,  Mliril.,  51. 

tri.'itir/iii,  iJiid.,  1)7. 

tiirhiinitd,  Diiuuiu.,  1!)(». 

vindula,  Hiid.,  55,  415. 

viriihild,  var..  50. 

AVnllii.  Lcs.).  iV  .Jiuucs,  57. 
Wi;lsii;.K.  .-,1. 
U  cks.s/k,  Kluli,,  101. 

Antiricdiid.  Liiidh..  1(54. 

Jh-iicli!i,  Mniil).,  lOi.'. 

coarrhtiK,  Miidi).,  ici, 

cr/.s'/"  ''»,  l.iiidii..  k;;;. 

('urflj   lid,  liiiidl).,  i(i-_'. 

ItniiiiiiiDinlii,  I.iiidl).,  101. 

iiiciirra.  Sidiwact,'!'. ,  157. 

Ithijlldntlid,  I.iiidb.,  10;J. 

Tcilll'llldlli,    llliok.,    •_'()(). 

utoj>/ii/lld,  Khvli.,  \ii2. 

Zicria,  Schimp.,  '.ilO. 

(Iciiiissii,  Scliiinp.,  240. 

julacca,  Scliinip.,  'J40. 
Zy<j(i(bin  ('dlifitniirits,  Haiiipo,  159. 

Ldl'lioniciis,  Ijrucli  <Sc  Schimp., 
1.50. 

Muu;/c<it(i,  Bi'uch  &  Schimp., 
150. 

SiiUirantri,  Muoll.,  150. 

torquutii.s,  Licbiri.,  140. 


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